Bandsaw Magic - Making a little known trick a little more known

Поділитися
Вставка
  • Опубліковано 2 вер 2021
  • 2:20 Lamp Base
    4:00 Patterns
    7:10 Table Legs
    10:58 Shelves
    Nick explores an obscure compound cutting technique from our short, "Bandsaw Magic." And it is indeed a magical way to create elegantly curved surfaces and three-dimensional shapes with just two cuts on a band saw. Nick experiments with some practical uses for these shapes and in the process, discovers a simple way to add joinery to these magical shapes so you can incorporate them in larger assemblies.
    The plans for the "Melting Display Shelves" that Nick creates in this video are available from our store at workshopcompanionstore.com/pr... . They include FULL-SIZE patterns for the legs, plus two bonus patterns for the Cabriole and Cyma legs that Nick makes for the experimental table in the video. While you're there, check out Nick's book, "Using the Bandsaw." It explains the bandsaw magic technique and a good many more: workshopcompanionstore.com/pr....
    To see all of our videos and SUBSCRIBE for more, see: / workshopcompanion
    Also visit the WORKSHOP COMPANION GENERAL STORE where we offer a wide selection of Nick's BOOKS and PROJECT PLANS in digital format: workshopcompanionstore.com/
    Pick up one of Nick’s books FREE just for visiting!
    To follow us on social media, try:
    FACEBOOK - / workshopcompanion
    INSTAGRAM - / workshop_companion
    For our non-English-speaking viewers: Closed captions can be set to any language. Click on “CC” (Closed Captions) at the bottom of the screen to turn them on. Click on the gear (Settings) and a menu appears. Click on “Subtitles/CC” and another menu will appear. Click on “Auto Translate” and a menu of languages will appear. Click on the language you want for the closed captions and you will be returned to the video -- closed captions will appear in the language you have chosen. If these captions cover up some of the action, place the cursor over the captions, press and hold the left mouse button, then drag the captions to where you want them on your screen. Release the mouse buttons and they’ll stay there.
    Para nuestros espectadores que no hablan inglés: los subtítulos se pueden configurar en cualquier idioma. Haga clic en "CC" (Subtítulos) en la parte inferior de la pantalla para activarlos. Haga clic en el engranaje (Configuración) y aparecerá un menú. Haga clic en "Subtítulos/CC" y aparecerá otro menú. Haga clic en "Traducir automáticamente" y aparecerá un menú de idiomas. Haga clic en el idioma que desea para los subtítulos y volverá al video; los subtítulos aparecerán en el idioma que haya elegido. Si estos subtítulos cubren parte de la acción, coloque el cursor sobre los subtítulos, presione y mantenga presionado el botón izquierdo del mouse, luego arrastre los subtítulos a donde quiera que estén en su pantalla. Suelte los botones del mouse y permanecerán allí.
    Our Music is Licensed through Epidemic Sounds - www.epidemicsound.com/referra...
    And thank you so much for your time and interest!
    #bandsaw #band #saw #compound #cuts #cutting #woodworking #technique #method #howto #how #to #cabriole #leg

КОМЕНТАРІ • 894

  • @WorkshopCompanion
    @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +45

    If you liked the shelves we show in this video, be sure to see our newest video, "Bandsaw Magic -- Melting Shelves." We show them being built step by step: ua-cam.com/video/bcHezjT2f54/v-deo.html .

    • @jnmwtkns
      @jnmwtkns 2 роки тому +2

      They all look like they Are literally magically created for the Harry Potter world !
      Awesome.
      Lumis maxima!

    • @kalimspecstroj
      @kalimspecstroj 2 роки тому

      Мне понравилось, но я тоже такое делал.

    • @lourias
      @lourias 10 місяців тому +2

      It is not every day a woodworker can make me laugh... but YOU DID! The table and bookcase with wonky legs are super awesome!

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  10 місяців тому

      @@lourias Thanks for saying.

    • @SawKhu-mk2ns
      @SawKhu-mk2ns 9 місяців тому

      @@jnmwtkns m.

  • @joycelish5429
    @joycelish5429 Рік тому +491

    As an amateur with woodworker, i typically feel overpowered with the entire arrangement ua-cam.com/users/postUgkxrYREG3-7f1Aqk9ams3ZESRNzGnfdUtyQ . Be that as it may, this arrangements drove me through with much clarity and effortlessness woodplans. Works i now work like a genius. That is great!

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  Рік тому

      Comes from an Old Norse word "timbr," meaning "trees" or "wood." Adopted by the Old English to mean the hewn wooden parts of a house or a ship. In modern English, we've regressed to the way the Vikings used it.

  • @davidg9647
    @davidg9647 Рік тому +119

    Someone give this man a Netflix series, why are there a 1000 cooking shows and nothing on how to actually build beautiful things

    • @johnburks1486
      @johnburks1486 9 місяців тому +2

      I agree

    • @Amit-uv7ro
      @Amit-uv7ro 8 місяців тому +1

      True that

    • @namgorf2001
      @namgorf2001 8 місяців тому

      I agree that he needs more exposure but definitely NOT on Netflix. They'd say he's too white and straight replace him with a black tranny and you know i'm right.

    • @Soundsaboutright42
      @Soundsaboutright42 8 місяців тому +6

      1,000 cooking shows and very few that teach. This man would be on PBS back in the day... Or Bob Vilas show.

    • @mr.slippyfist4170
      @mr.slippyfist4170 6 місяців тому

      Absolutely agree, I'd subscribe to Netflix just to watch

  • @JosephMendoza-wu2vu
    @JosephMendoza-wu2vu 4 місяці тому +167

    I am glad to hear that you have found this book to be very informative and helpful for your woodworking project ua-cam.com/users/postUgkxbnOKZBE4evMO5V2vroHeCjq6d_MV6wJO It sounds like you are well prepared and confident to build furniture for your house. I commend you and your friend for your enthusiasm and willingness to learn new things from this book. I hope you enjoy your woodworking journey and create some beautiful pieces.

  • @WrinkleFitzGerald
    @WrinkleFitzGerald 2 місяці тому +4

    This dude is the Gandalf of woodworking. 10/10 work!

  • @christopherchapman8893
    @christopherchapman8893 29 днів тому +2

    Great tip on the sandpaper for friction on the glue up!

  • @ekaterinadiadenko5318
    @ekaterinadiadenko5318 9 місяців тому +160

    OverviewI had an old Black and Decker Firestorm set that was getting very long in the tooth ua-cam.com/users/postUgkxW1vOBRCMrgTCDEijzpVzDWsgI-Jm2iQv so it was an easy decision when this set went on sale. I'm not a pro or a handyman. I'm an occasional DIYer. So for me, this set is fantastic. I am very happy with my purchase.The Good Parts Very well priced for what you get Comes with everything you need - two batteries, a charger, and a carry bag The products feel very well made Not too heavy The drills are small and ergonomic (for my smallish hands) Huge ecosystem - Dewalt makes a lot of tools that use the same battery type and chargerCould Be Better I guess I could say that I wish the batteries were bigger, but that's a relatively minor compaint

  • @bryanbrigman2016
    @bryanbrigman2016 2 роки тому +70

    This is so much better than most of the content out there. Didn't over-do the magic jokes, his narration and demonstration fit the pace of the video perfectly and the video's layout reminded me of being taught by some of the big name engineering/learning channels like veritasium, smartereveryday, etc. Loved it! Looking forward to more.

    • @chenelius
      @chenelius 2 роки тому +3

      well said. exactly what i was thinking. im not a massive fan of kids TV show style video authors . This was spot on.

  • @WorkshopCompanion
    @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +55

    Folks, I had an email asking why, in gluing up the lamp base parts, I applied glue to just one of the adjoining surfaces during the first step (3:20), then applied glue to both adjoining surfaces during the second (3:50). First of all, let me give some kudos to the viewer who caught that. Good eye -- really! In case there are others out there wondering why, I was gluing up a 3" x 3" block that was made from plywood. In the first step, I was applying glue to the faces of the plywood veneers and I could expect the joint to behave like a standard face-grain glue-up. But during the second step, I was applying glue to the edges of the veneers, a mix of face grain and end grain. I knew the end grains would absorb a good deal more glue, so I applied glue to both surfaces.

  • @imadeddinebouarroudj99
    @imadeddinebouarroudj99 2 роки тому +4

    You're the coolest old man that I ever saw in my life

  • @philedmonds1901
    @philedmonds1901 2 роки тому +29

    Eat your heart out Harry Potter. This is magical. I'm speechless. Big thank you.

  • @twsbrl2xlldmoney355
    @twsbrl2xlldmoney355 2 роки тому +9

    Old man I appreciate you more than you know .. I’ve never had a teacher to be a wood either and learned everything from UA-cam .. I can’t tell you how much people like you have changed my life . I’m not a phenomenal woodworker like you but I will be , channels like this made it possible to provide for my siblings , before we would go a day or two with out food , now we eat daily . Thank you

  • @Matergater
    @Matergater 2 роки тому +18

    You sir... Are a awesome presenter and a true master of your craft, thank you for sharing your knowledge with us.

  • @Foundinwood
    @Foundinwood 5 місяців тому +9

    The woodwork teacher you wish you'd had at school.

  • @demostenesfsjr
    @demostenesfsjr Рік тому +1

    The master of wood, each video is a master class

  • @roopurt5
    @roopurt5 2 роки тому +32

    Okay, this is a really cool principle, and I'm already imagining how this technique can jazz up a bunch of basic designs. Thank you!!

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +6

      You're most welcome.

    • @Oonagh72
      @Oonagh72 Рік тому +1

      I’m also thinking how much money I will save just buying a 4x4 for ottoman legs, instead of buying legs.

  • @AutonomousVII
    @AutonomousVII 2 роки тому +3

    I just love this guy’s videos, to say their entertaining and educational doesn’t even do them justice.

  • @Sly_Wolf_1
    @Sly_Wolf_1 2 роки тому +8

    Finally the UA-cam algorithm threw me a video i wanted to watch, enjoyed, liked and subscribed. Thank you for making and sharing.

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +2

      Finally, the UA-cam algorithm put us in front of some people who like what we have to say.:-) Welcome.

    • @demijurg666
      @demijurg666 2 роки тому +1

      me 2.subscribed after the 2nd cut,haha

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      @@demijurg666 Welcome 2 U 2!

  • @gsgidney
    @gsgidney 2 роки тому +16

    Man, stumbled on this channel quote randomly, this guy's approach is amazing. He needs his own show on cable

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +3

      It' all I can do to keep up with the vids in this little corner of the media. But thank you for thinking so.

    • @st3v3b0b7
      @st3v3b0b7 2 роки тому +2

      @@WorkshopCompanion I can't stop watching.
      I'm going to buy band saw now!

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +2

      @@st3v3b0b7 Get a good one. You won't be sorry.

  • @MrMuscularMonkey
    @MrMuscularMonkey Рік тому +2

    “Measure once, cut twice.”
    😂
    Great video!💪🏽

  • @MajWinters100
    @MajWinters100 2 роки тому +1

    Damn, what amazing rabbit hole YT recommendations threw me into. I loved it

  • @juseschrustfush
    @juseschrustfush 2 роки тому +1

    That table is beautiful

  • @watchman1969
    @watchman1969 2 роки тому +1

    you mean worlds best good looking table, right? Amazing!!!!

  • @Painted_Owl
    @Painted_Owl 2 роки тому +1

    These videos make me feel like I’m back in school, and I love that.

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +1

      Makes me feel like I'm back teaching school, and I love that.

  • @MySickstring
    @MySickstring 2 роки тому +1

    Awesome video. Thank you for sharing that

  • @freedomofabird
    @freedomofabird Рік тому +1

    Just excellent!!!!

  • @raydriver7300
    @raydriver7300 2 роки тому +13

    You are a clever man. As my French daughter in law has taught me: tonight I go to bed less stupid 🌞

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +3

      Great aphorism. I'm going to have to weave that into my sampler: "Always go to bed less stupid."

  • @krishanramsammy4349
    @krishanramsammy4349 3 місяці тому

    About to try some magic of my own with my handy dandy jigsaw 😁😁thanks for the tips and ideas old timer ❤️

  • @csn583
    @csn583 2 роки тому +1

    Thumbs up for that sandpaper grit tip alone!

  • @abadaaelhoseny2118
    @abadaaelhoseny2118 2 роки тому +1

    Honestly, an artist.

  • @jorgepena4177
    @jorgepena4177 2 роки тому +1

    Amazing video!!!

  • @faizalamsahib8040
    @faizalamsahib8040 2 роки тому +1

    What a lively person with great job and joy.
    Jazak-Allah

  • @paulone-off7286
    @paulone-off7286 2 роки тому +1

    You are one clever dude, love this.

  • @tealea1557
    @tealea1557 2 роки тому

    I like your table. This is something I would be proud to display

  • @jakescorpion1
    @jakescorpion1 2 роки тому +1

    Great video.

  • @caeciliusmetellus3038
    @caeciliusmetellus3038 2 роки тому

    All looks simple when a Master is doing it. Cool

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      Thanks for the kind words. But it really is pretty simple.

  • @ryancummings5295
    @ryancummings5295 2 роки тому +1

    Very useful and new to me!!

  • @dexterfrago5063
    @dexterfrago5063 2 роки тому +3

    Not all pro carperter knows this. I've been working finishing carpertry for almost 3 decades but it's my first time to see this kind of techniques. Thanks for this ideas. Respect

  • @_Daegon616
    @_Daegon616 2 роки тому +1

    This is amazing!

  • @liljohnp132
    @liljohnp132 2 роки тому +1

    Best instructional I've watched in a very long time . Thank you .

  • @ashlyndvorak1833
    @ashlyndvorak1833 2 місяці тому

    This channel is seriously underrated -- How does he only have 610k followers? This man is a real wood wizard for sure! Thanks ✨💯✨

  • @glennmiller9487
    @glennmiller9487 2 роки тому +1

    Outstanding. Thx!!!

  • @dickyrorson8907
    @dickyrorson8907 2 роки тому +1

    RELY LOVED ALL OF IT ...X THANK YOU.

  • @tomhincks9437
    @tomhincks9437 2 роки тому +12

    Love the work. Well done sir. I’m putting the scroll saw cut in my bag of tricks. Once you presented it I was like of course. Ty

  • @ladykenja2700
    @ladykenja2700 2 роки тому

    - Luv, luv, luv this video. Talk about extraordinary craftsmanship ! ! ! Thanx 4 sharing.

  • @MDeLorien
    @MDeLorien 2 роки тому +4

    The shelf is absolutely stunning 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      Be sure to see our video that takes you step-by-step though the construction of these shelves: ua-cam.com/video/bcHezjT2f54/v-deo.html .

  • @dcmsr5141
    @dcmsr5141 2 роки тому

    I am absolutely hooked on your content!!!!!!

  • @snejkane5025
    @snejkane5025 2 роки тому +1

    Awesome !!! Thanks a lot sir !

  • @Twisted676Faith
    @Twisted676Faith 2 роки тому +1

    Absolutely fantastic

  • @nathanek6598
    @nathanek6598 2 роки тому

    You are a great teacher- your enthusiasm and humour are very refreshing.

  • @andreialdwaikat6248
    @andreialdwaikat6248 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks for the ideas :)

  • @SorobanWorld
    @SorobanWorld 2 роки тому +1

    These videos are very well organized with good audio and video.

  • @lamamama852
    @lamamama852 2 роки тому +1

    Fabulous!!!!! A master teacher!!!

  • @chrispeters4405
    @chrispeters4405 2 роки тому +1

    pretty cool trick

  • @SunriseAt2008
    @SunriseAt2008 Рік тому +1

    Amazing!

  • @ivodimitrov8914
    @ivodimitrov8914 Рік тому +1

    Amazing person, respect

  • @billlarrabee9436
    @billlarrabee9436 2 роки тому +1

    Absolutely amazing!

  • @pirakoXX
    @pirakoXX 2 роки тому +2

    What an inspiration!! ❤ Wow!
    This one video removed my very last doubt about buying a quite expensive bandsaw that I can't afford, but now just have to have! ❤
    The legs on this "worlds most BEAUTIFUL table", and the lamps, reindeers... wow, the possibilities with a bandsaw are almost endless.
    Greetings from Pia, a new woodworker in Denmark (the one in Scandinavia!) 👍
    And boys and girls; have fun, be creative,
    make some magic AND make sure you keep
    all your fingers attached to your hands! ✋❤🤚

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +1

      Greeting back from America. Enjoy your new band saw and thanks for the kind words.

  • @craighenehan5146
    @craighenehan5146 2 роки тому +1

    I dont comment on videos often but I felt the need to comment on this one . Thank you for this video it has clear instructions and in depth analysis. There is no silly videography. It's just straight forward and very informative. Thank you for taking the time to produce an amazing video.

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому +2

      You're most welcome, and thank you for the kind words. But I think there was some silly videography -- just a little. We wouldn't be any fun to watch if we took ourselves too seriously.

  • @coaltowking
    @coaltowking 2 роки тому

    The trick with the sand paper when gluing is the best thing I've ever seen!!!!!!

  • @ecaff9515
    @ecaff9515 2 роки тому +3

    Excellent. I enjoyed every minute of the magic. Thank you for sharing a beautiful and simple technique that transforms good wood into a work of Art...Thank you for sharing...

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      You are most welcome and thank you for your kind words.

  • @Warriors_Garden_and_Workshop
    @Warriors_Garden_and_Workshop 2 роки тому +6

    I started woodworking with my father when I was about 7 years old, decades ago. My wife and I currently own a custom shop in Pa, and do woodworking, leather, metal ,glass and much more... This video inspired me in ways I haven't been for years and got my creative juices going !!! The legs, the melting shelves, so many options if you use your imagination !! melting legs? what about melting shelves ? the possibilities are endless and amazing....

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      That's one of the many things I love about Makers and making -- the possibilities really are limitless.

  • @wulee4880
    @wulee4880 2 роки тому +1

    Herzlichen Dank für den Einblick in ihre wunderbare Arbeitsweise . Super Resultat , danke und alles gute weiterhin 👍👍👍🤗👍

  • @edbernier5513
    @edbernier5513 2 місяці тому +1

    Magical!

  • @jesperskovjuul2170
    @jesperskovjuul2170 2 роки тому

    Love your humor and style. New sub for sure.

  • @joeycastillo1496
    @joeycastillo1496 2 роки тому +1

    Wow, impressed!

  • @7andearth76
    @7andearth76 5 місяців тому +1

    Love the hodgepodge.

  • @snonoyo5029
    @snonoyo5029 2 роки тому +1

    So cool!

  • @eballacharles0302
    @eballacharles0302 2 роки тому +1

    great idea,, cool diy project

  • @s001dxp
    @s001dxp Рік тому

    I subscribed to the channel 10 seconds into the video: From that bit alone, I knew this was a guy to learn from.

  • @williamsjoinery8186
    @williamsjoinery8186 2 роки тому

    I have never seen this technique before - amazing!

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      Old shop teachers trick. We just thought up a few applications.

  • @freddyfriesen
    @freddyfriesen 2 роки тому +1

    After forty years of teaching shop, I finally became smart enough to retire. Couldn't match Grandpa's forty three years. Love your pacing and delivery. Another teacher showed me his "Trick Sawing on the Bandsaw". Was a great filler project for junior high students by making a whale out of some scrap square stock. The only extra machining required was to drill a hole for the eyes. Thank you. This was great fun in many ways !

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      You're one of the last. When I first began writing about woodworking, there were 17 shop programs at high schools within a 50-mile radius. Now there are 2, and one of those may be cancelled this year. Thank you for your service; I don't see how the woodworking world will continue without dedicated folks like you.

  • @MrPete1x
    @MrPete1x 2 роки тому +1

    Excellent, just excellent. Thank you for showing this

  • @sergiocongiu8531
    @sergiocongiu8531 2 роки тому

    Hi Nick, you are great. Thank you for explaining how these very inspiring works are done.

  • @lauramarshall6376
    @lauramarshall6376 2 роки тому +1

    Fabulous. And I love your humor and presentation style.

  • @bryon3464
    @bryon3464 2 роки тому +24

    Great video. Not just the content (although the content was awesome), but the creative editing and your personality really pops. I don’t subscribe to many channels but you certainly create content perfect for my whole family. Thanks for the gems you left in this one. Looking forward to more of your work.

  • @heatwave9589
    @heatwave9589 2 роки тому

    That is SO cool ... You made me speechless. Perfect. The humor, the speech itself. A pleasure to listen to you!

  • @dangatto8666
    @dangatto8666 2 роки тому +1

    Love this guy. Learned a lot

  • @24.k.g.f.97
    @24.k.g.f.97 Рік тому +1

    You got it right about that melted leg!

  • @bjorntokison5359
    @bjorntokison5359 2 роки тому +1

    you are a amazing teacher! and a funny one!

  • @markb8954
    @markb8954 2 роки тому +1

    Wow! That shelf project! 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      Yeah, me too. We're going to do the shelf up brown in our next video.

  • @theduftmeister
    @theduftmeister 2 роки тому

    sandpaper grit and glue. Genius! learn something new every day!....

    • @WorkshopCompanion
      @WorkshopCompanion  2 роки тому

      One of my other viewers had a great aphorism that pertains...he wrote, "we should all endeavor to go to bed less stupid."

  • @stephaniegalvan272
    @stephaniegalvan272 4 місяці тому +1

    Aw, I like the crazy table.

  • @battlecat5207
    @battlecat5207 2 роки тому +1

    That’s fantastic work! Great tips, thanks

  • @oliverave1234
    @oliverave1234 2 роки тому +1

    Way to go Nick! Cool.

  • @user-td7dc7io1t
    @user-td7dc7io1t 2 роки тому +1

    Very good and thank you

  • @blakejacques7237
    @blakejacques7237 2 роки тому

    Great work looking forward to trying this out. Also looking forward to seeing more.

  • @castleofcostamesa8291
    @castleofcostamesa8291 3 місяці тому

    Wow! What a great quality video!!!

  • @gilmarcordeirojunior1526
    @gilmarcordeirojunior1526 2 роки тому

    What a class! THanks for sharing Sr! Your awesome!

  • @tapin2825
    @tapin2825 2 роки тому +1

    Beautiful

  • @johnmay371
    @johnmay371 2 роки тому +1

    Excellent video

  • @brendaterrana4567
    @brendaterrana4567 2 роки тому

    You.are.brilliant!!! This is the coolest thing I have ever seen !!! Thank you for sharing your knowledge!

  • @pablolopez-sr5cb
    @pablolopez-sr5cb Рік тому +1

    wow thanks you for sharing your videos very interesting

  • @waynenelson8907
    @waynenelson8907 Рік тому +1

    Amazing. Simply Amazing.

  • @severin1756
    @severin1756 2 роки тому +1

    So cool 💥💥💥💯👍

  • @danield954
    @danield954 2 роки тому +1

    Nice presentation, a lot of information, to the point, simply explained and not boring. Well done sir, and thank you for sharing.

  • @DreamBuilderIfyoucanDreamitWec
    @DreamBuilderIfyoucanDreamitWec 2 роки тому +1

    We love your channel.

  • @MurraydeLues
    @MurraydeLues 2 роки тому +1

    Love it. The shelf idea is really cool.

  • @g-cgeneralcontractor8903
    @g-cgeneralcontractor8903 2 роки тому

    You are such a good teacher thank you sir for the master class 👍😎

  • @squirrelg5135
    @squirrelg5135 2 роки тому +1

    So cool!!!!