What are microglia and what do they do?

Develop a comprehensive understanding of microglia, including their definition, characteristics, and importance in the brain.
Describe the process of phagocytosis by microglia, including their ability to recognize and remove debris, dead cells, and synapses.
Explain the specific mechanisms involved in microglial phagocytosis, such as the role of phosphatidylserine and complement in the opsonization of target cells and debris.
Demonstrate an understanding of how microglia detect pathogens and damage through their pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and the release of cytokines to modulate the immune response.