In case you missed it, this is actually just 1 episode in our series covering the 2nd Greco Persian War: 1) Aftermath of Thermopylae: ua-cam.com/video/rTNbZrmnIyc/v-deo.html 2) The Battle of Salamis: ua-cam.com/video/f7PQvP4GF20/v-deo.html 3) Aftermath of Salamis: ua-cam.com/video/XkxR-bsdhJ8/v-deo.html
@@InvictaHistory western bias and present time falacy is quite obvious. Abloshing democrasy and imposing a tyrant 😂😂 i feel sorry for these poor bafoons who are learing history from invictia.
Fun fact, Persia planned a third attack 14 years later but Delian league fleet was lucky and found them before they could launch and Persia was defeated at battle of Eurymedon. This loss was the final straw and Xerxes was killed not long after by his own men.
Excellent remark.....Few men know this...The battle at eurymedon river was a stunning Athenian victory...Which catapulted Athenian influence..But unfortunately set the stage for the Peloponnesian war...The Spartans couldn't " handle " so much Athenian glory...
@@TheSauron197you are both incorrectly and overly using ellipses. Please. Stop. Just use a period. If the thoughts go together you can use a comma to separate them, giving others the idea that you know what you’re saying.
Please don’t quote the film 300. It’s the most fantastical, inaccurate and absurd movie that is not at all based on either facts or any evidence/reality whatsoever. Not to mention, that the Spartans are by far the most overrated, and misunderstood archaeologically as well as mythologized Ancient Greek group ever. They might even be the most mysterious and overestimated not to mention lacking in primary sources people in all of antiquity.
This is the battle that should be famous just like Marathon and Thermopylae as it permanently ended Persia's invasion of Greece. But history is often remembered not for the decisive moments but for tales agreed upon as Napoleon put it. Thank you Herodotus.
@@KroiAlbanoiArbanon I would respectfully disagree. The famous english philosopher John Stuart Mill called Marathon more important than Hastings for Britain. Many authors to this day proclaim Marathon as the moment where Western Civilization began. It's just that Marathon has not had a movie or a tv series that focuses on the battle. Apart from a 2 minute clip in 300 rise of an empire.
Herodotus reputation as a myth teller is greatly underserved. You need to actually read his histories book to realise that. A lot of things they attribute to him for saying he didn't even really say them. Others he just mentions as rumours he heard like the lost army of cambysses. And turns out he was right about a lot of things historians mocked him for. Like the Scythians making clothes out of human skin was considered a fairytale, sea monsters attacking the shipwrecked Persians at athos Chersonese during the first Persian war ,well now we know there were a lot of great white sharks in Greece back then etc.
What people don't realise is how few city states actually participated in this war. Asia minor Greeks are enslaved, Syracuse is dealing with Carthage, Macedonia under occupation in the North, some significant city states like Thebes also aiding the Persians and southern Italy Greeks also not participating because they're fighting each other. A video about the background of this conflict with geographical info would actually be pretty good.
What an insane exhibition of madness. How in the world did the Greeks pull this off with so much infighting and a lack of a central command to organize things.
They stopped infighting while the Persians were on greek land. Of course there was mistrust, and there always was a measure of contempt between some city-states but they knew that only by binding together they could overcome Persian numbers.
It's annoying how the spartans always get the glory when people praise greek classical history, or when they are often the ones first thought of when discussing greek history. It has always been the Athenians that have been the ones that "carried" Greek culture, economy, military, and influence throughout greek history. Remember, it was Sparta that begged the Persians for aid so that they could win the war against Athens, a betrayal of Greek pride. It was also the Athenians that the Romans feared most rather than the Spartans, who they considered nothing but tribesmen when they were conquering Greece. It has always been Athens that was carrying Greece.
When Rome came to Greece the spartans where just a shadow of themselves. Also Athenes has the better ships which woud be a problem for Romes supply lines. Sparta aways gets glory because of the idea of their warrior and the battle of Thermopylae. Even tho i woud say that the hoplites of Argos are just as if not better and latter we can see many other like the ones in Thebes beat Sparta. Tho i havent seen or heard anyone that does not praice Athens as much if not even more, since you know it is aways the oratorial and philosophical center of the time.
@@AK-forty-seven there weren't 1 but 2 Greek ethnic groups within the Greek nation. The Acheans(like Athens)who were Celtic and matriarchal the Dorians(like the Spartans) who were Germanic and patriarchal. The whole rivalry comes from there.
@@Ameer-dj5gj Celtic and Germanic? Are you good? Some say the Greeks came from Ukraine as migrants or some other incorrect thing. And the Athenians weren't matriarchal, just saying. But Celtic and Germanic? Please don't insult my people's glory like that. Plus Germanic and Celtic cultures didn't exist during the time of the Dorians.
That's because no major channel has covered this battle until right now. I've been studying ancient military history for over 50 years and I am truly grateful to INVICTA for this wonderful production!!! It has been a long wait but here it is finally!!!!!
The Persians held the upperhand on the plain behind the Asopos river. They had made their encampement behind there as well. They were banking on the Greeks moving down onto the flat plains infront of the river whereby the Persian would then cross and engage the Greeks on an extensive open field where all the Persian advantages could be brought to bear, such as cavalry flanking maneuvers, as well as ample time to attrite the Hoplite ranks using archers firing for an extended time. However the Greeks instead retreated further back onto the slopes and rocky ground, seeing this the Persians got hasty moving forward not wanting the Greeks getting away. Particularly Mardonius was irritated by the idea of the Greeks refusing battle. So the Greeks split up into three segments drawing the Persians off into three separate engagements on the slopes where the Greeks held the high ground. At first the Persians inflicted some serious losses by launching arrow volleys into Greek ranks from fairly close distances. Then both went for close combat in which the Greeks were better trained, armed and armored in their hoplite Phalanxes. This how it went down broadly speaking. The Persian leadership was impetous and made the mistake of fighting on the Greek terms.
We finally reach the climax of our Avenging Leonidas series! Play War Thunder now with my link, and get a massive, free bonus pack including vehicles, boosters and more: playwt.link/invicta24
Okay, I shall reveal how the Persian army worked, just because I want somebody for once to understand how the Persian army actually looked like. I shall name my sources later.
The Imperial Achaemenid Persian army fought just like the Imperial Median army before it, which was inspired by the New Assyrian empire’s army. The infantry was called Pasti, while the cavalry was called Asabari, with camel born troops being called Usabari. Of the Pasti(Infantries), tower shield bearers were called Sparabara, with lighter more general infantry being Takabara(small shield wielders or spear bearers(?)), and finally archers called Thanvabara(they carried 30 bronze tipped arrows, possibly getting Iron or/and steel ones in the late empire). Of the Asabari(cavalries), there were assault javelin melee medium cavalry(2 javelins), skirmisher javelin ranged light cavalry(4 or more javelins), and skirmisher archery ranged light cavalry(30 to 120 arrows). It is possible if the medium Asabari cavalry would carry 120 arrows to support/resupply infantry and cavalry archers on the field. For the phalanx infantry, there would be 5 possible variants of it (depending on the ethnic contingents of the phalanx army). The Achaemenid infantry would be primarily equipped with some or no armor at all of their native origin, their native clothing or Persian style clothing, and weapons plus shields. Most primary weapons would be a pole or ranged missile weapon, for poles being a short spear or a short pike, and for ranged weapons being javelins, darts, slings, and/or bow & arrows. Most secondary weapons would include a short sword (Akinaces), a larger straight sword, a scythed sword, a mace, a stick with a nail sticking out(Scythed mace/bat?), and battle axes(Sagaris and other bigger axes). The Persian military was composed of a massive multinational force, and the polyglot commanders would organize various ethnicities into fighting their own way or as a phalanx used by the Persian commanders. Persia would base these phalanxes around nearby foreign peoples which fought in similar styles to their own ethnic forces, which made unifying the soldiers easier and more effective. The soldiers would have Pan ethnic deities & religions, deities & religious dogma unique to individual states & nations, and deities and religious beliefs which stretched internationally through the empire of Persian & Mesepotanian origin. Syncretism would be a main element of religious views of the multi ethnic Achaemenid armies, as combining religious beliefs was a way a commander could unify a multi national force of warriors and soldiers.
Nations supplying the army with men would have little tribes inside the larger ethnic group of people, with many states and sub-tribes of the nation having more particular importance than other groups of people of the national civilization. In the Persian nation, the Pasargadae, Maspii, & the Maraphii were the 3 leading minor kingdoms or tribe states of the Persian nation. The 3 tribes contributed the most to Achaemenid manpower and leadership, having most nobles coming from the Pasargadae kingdom, with the house of Tepid Achaemenids from the region being the ruling family of the entire empire. Under Cyrus the great, the capital city of Pasargadae was the main capital of the Persian empire, with Persepolis, Babylon, Ecbatana, & Susa being other capitals of the empire after Cyrus’s reign. The Mardi kingdom of the Persian nation would be used sparingly, usually for lines of archers 9 men deep with a Sparabara at the front. More urban states/tribes would provide less troops, while more agricultural states on the other hand would provide more troops, and more nomadic states might barely provide any troops.
1. A phalanx with no shield bearer or a tower shield or most probably normal shield & spear bearer at the first rank of men, with 9 other ranks of spear or javelin bearers behind the front rank, basically a normal phalanx. These men had the ability to rotate all the ranks of the phalanx to the front and the rear, which made their exhaustion in extended melee combat last longer than any other type of phalanx, with all troops being able to relax.
2. Another variant of the phalanx was a tower shield & spear bearer at the front, with 7 other ranks of javelin or spear bearers, and 2 final ranks of light archers. This phalanx might have been the standard, being the army of Persian infantry Herodotus describes at Platea, having a shield wall fence at the front of the army, without any javelins being mentioned, though archers were. The javelin or spear bearing takabara in between the light Thanvabara archers and the Sparabara shield bearers could have rotated ranks, in order to support the Sparabara spearmen at the front against an enemy force, allowing the phalanx to endure longer hardships with more relaxed men as long as the Sparabara at the front doesn’t faint or die. Xenophon says Persian armies of later periods could have had the infantry supported by javelin throwers and slingers who could have either been light infantry skirmishers supporting the phalanx, or heavy infantry ranks/rank and file units of the phalanx. Slingers would be put behind the archers, while javelin Psiloi peltast would be in front of archers, either directly in front, or more indirectly in front of the phalanx itself. The development of Psiloi in the Persian army during the late 5th century B.C. directly coincides with the development of light missile troop usage by the city states of Greece during the same era. The Persian army & navy marine force would have been organized to fight on land as this phalanx, though possibly without the Sparabara. The Takabara of the elite Persian “Immortal” corps might have been re-equipped to use hoplite aspis shields, Lydian style by the time of the battle of Issus(333 B.C.), to defend themselves more readily against missile fire & sorties.
@@Techtalk2030 Not only Greeks, but ALL countries had slaves. Even the bible tells how to treat slaves, and not one word for abolishion of slavery.... Then, it's not more a century since the only people with a right to vote, were men with property, education and/or wealth....
It was actually the Spartans also supported by the tegeans who broke the deadlock and decided to march forward because the battle wasn't going well and they were in danger of being flanked since the Athenians were pinned in a mountain trying to avoid Persian cavalry which caused huge issues for the Greeks in that battle. The wars most important battle came down to a gamble. Either the Persians would crumble against the frontal assault or the Greeks would inevitably get flanked if they didn't succeed in a breakthrough.
...and then about 50 years later, Persia decided to play the long game by helping both Athens *and* Sparta during different periods of the Peloponnesian War
Kind of begs the question, what if the Greeks did agree to submit to Persia in 480 BCE. Sounds like they would have basically been left to do their own thing, except instead of fighting each other, they'd be occasionally fighting for the Persians along the imperial borders. Just some interesting, alternative history.
Hopefully you will continue avenging Leonidas because I would like to see you cover the Greek counterattack and the wars of the Delian league and these two events were the last two phases of the Greco Persian war before peace was made with Persia and the Greek counterattack lasted from 479 to 478Bc and the wars of the Delian league lasted from 477 to 449bc and during the wars of the Delian league another more studied and more well known about conflict erupted and this conflict that erupted was the first Peloponnesian war and the wars of the Delian league was fought in Thrace, mainland Greece, Asia Minor aka Anatolia, Cyprus and Egypt and the opposing sides consisted of the Delian league and they were also joined by Egyptian rebels until 454 bc and they would face against the Achaemenid empire. The opposing commanders were Pericles, Charitimides, Cimon and Inaros II who was presumably the grandson of pharaoh Psamtik III on one side however facing them on the other side would be Persian kings Xerxes the Great and his son and successor Artaxerxes I and they would be joined by Persian general and later satrap Artabazos I of Phrygia and Persian general Megabyzus who has royal Persian blood in him and he was the son of Zopyrus and Zopyrus was one of seven conspirators who had put king Darius the great on the throne of Persia and Zopyrus married one of Darius’s sisters and she gave birth to Megabyzus which means that Megabyzus’s uncle was Darius and that would make Xerxes the great Megabyzus’s cousin however Megabyzus and Xerxes had a good relationship and I am saying that because Megabyzus married Xerxes’s daughter Amytis and many other commanders. The losses for the wars were 250 ships and 50,000 men on the side of the Greeks while the Persians lost 200 ships.
The Spartans get WAY too much credit. Greece survived two invasions in spite of Sparta. At Marathon they stayed home and left Athens and others to fight and win. Xerxes invasion was once again mostly Athens. The story of Leonides and the 300 was a good story, but it was a defeat that did nothing but delay things. Plataea was the first time they actually did something and even then reluctantly.
I get your point, Sparta did leave to aid Athens tho. As soon Carneia was over they force marched towards Marathon but the battle was over before they could arrive. Sparta didn't contribute as much as Athens did in general, but they did what they could. They sent their navy to join up with the Greek armada, they did gather entire peloponnese to fight the Persians and thanks to their military strength Athenian people could return and rebuild their city.
The Spartans were some of the best warriors in Greece, but they had a pretty fatal flaw insofar as this war went, which i dont often hear brought up. The Helots. The Persians offered gold and generous rewards to those who joined them or betrayed their countrymen to the Persian cause. Which sowed dissent and mistrust in their enemies. Sparta was a city state propped up by a very strict hierarchical system, at the bottom of which, were the Helots. physically strong, generational slaves for life. Who were brutally oppressed and repressed by the Spartan elites; the Spartiates and the Periokoi. Against an enemy who rewarded betrayals in their name, the Spartans faced a unique problem compared to the rest of the Hellenes. A slave uprising at home. The Helots vastly outnumbered them, and worked in their homes, and cities by the thousands. Sending the entire Spartan army off to fight the Persians was a risky gamble because in this particular case, there was a possible gun to their families heads. What could one Spartan family, sans father and eldest son, do if ten of their Helot slaves decided after the army left, to grab the woodsplitting axe and butcher's knives, and descend upon them in their sleep? Or if this scene was repeated across the city? The Spartans might have been the strongest military when it came to quality of their soldiers, but their very society itself paralyzed them during most of this war. Which I'm betting, is why the Effors kept holding them back with the excuse of religious festivals. That, and the hope to hold onto their own power. Not to mention, if they truly felt safe behind the Corinthian wall, then letting the Persians burn Athens to the ground and then _maybe_ leave, would make Sparta the undisputed Hegemons of the entire region.
First time seeing the real you, and the first time a UA-cam channel I like has looked close to how I expected 😂 Thanks for all your work, I have enjoyed your videos for quite a while!
Spoilers about the next video: Alexander I said to the Athenians: "Athenians, I lay up these words of mine as a trust to you, charging you to keep them secret and tell them to no one except only to Pausanias, lest ye bring me to ruin: for I should not utter them if I did not care greatly for the general safety of Hellas, seeing that I am a Hellene myself by original descent and I should not wish to see Hellas enslaved instead of free. I say then that Mardonius and his army cannot get the offerings to be according to their mind, for otherwise ye would long ago have fought. Now however he has resolved to let the offerings alone and to bring on a battle at dawn of day; for, as I conjecture, he fears lest ye should assemble in greater numbers. Therefore prepare yourselves; and if after all Mardonius should put off the battle and not bring it on, stay where ye are and hold out patiently; for they have provisions only for a few days remaining. And if this way shall have its issue according to your mind, then each one of you ought to remember me also concerning liberation, since I have done for the sake of the Hellenes so hazardous a deed by reason of my zeal for you, desiring to show you the design of Mardonius, in order that the Barbarians may not fall upon you when ye are not as yet expecting them: I am Alexander the Macedonian." (Herodotus: IX,45)
But...but...but... the Monkeydonians said that ancient Macedonia was Slavic and it was completely different than Hellas. Who is that Herodotus who will try to say something that goes against the propaganda of Tito?
@@TeutonicEmperor1198 Fucking TIto turned Old Serbia into a fictional fairyland nation just because "Serbian Chauvinism huurrrrr the Croats and Slovenes feel threateneeeddd because you are biggg hurrr send all your factories to Slovenia hurrrrr" And if any Bulgarian comes "Reee they are Bulgarians reee" they are Slavic and therefore Serbian this far south Bulgarians are a turkic tribe and have no claim upon Slavic lands and souls.
4:32 Sassanid clothes and hairstyle for an Achaemenid king who lived centuries before the Sassanid empire was even established ? And why are the Immortals in their traditional clothes ? They wore those when they were in the imperial capital They should be wearing their scale and linothorax armors (or scale linothorax armors) when they're in a military campaign
You've caught a few of the cases where we did indeed recycle some assest from other epidoses. I'll try and keep a lookout for things which may need polishing before re-use
I rewatched 300 yesterday and it ended with the battle of Plataea. That's quite a coincidence (or is it?) to find this today on my proposed videos...on a second thought I need to up my privacy settings, this is becoming ridiculous.
@@HejMeeeen Hi there, they kinda were barbarians and most of Xerxes's army were submissive subjects from his vast empire, Greeks would call them his slaves at the time, fighting free men (Greeks). The film, even though inaccurate in many instances (for example Leonidas did not die last and a fierce battle actually took place over his dead body - and many many more details), it's very atmospheric and, dare to say, unique (at that time). .
@@C_R_O_M________It won't do any good to beef up your privacy settings. The way the algorithm works, it will still push certain videos into your feed based on the types of videos you watch.
@@C_R_O_M________ You need to watch more videos from this channel if you believe any of that 1st sentence. They were not all "submissive subjects" by any means and no one fighting was a slave. Most were likely feudal or tribal levies fighting under local leaders that contributed men in lieu of taxes, or mercenaries being paid for the campaign
I'm intrigued by that clash with the Persian cavalry. It sounds like they were well armored, were they heavy shock cavalry, medium or light skirmish cavalry? Curious...
A combination of bouth, moustly light armoured skirmishers. From what i read, the fighting was very mild, not much of actial hand to hand or charges type of fighting but rather skirmishing and intimidation tactics. Casualties where ofthen low as well.
"Yet here they stand now, across the plain, at TEN thousand Spartans, comanding thirty thousand free Greeks!" All that aside I really wish hollywood movies would get the equipment historically correct, like they did in the movie Alexander. Colin Farrell and Jared Leto and The Hound from Game of Thrones are all in that movie, just incase you have any trouble finding it.
Herodotus i think is a bit wrong about the numbers. Every Spartan hoplite(citizen) had three Helots as slaves. One to hunt, one to guard and one to take care things around the tent(weapons,armor,cooking). So ,5000 Spartan Hoplites is around 20000 men that had to be fed. After that they were the Perioiki.They were free Spartans but not citizens. They didn't vote. These were merchants and craftsmen of all kinds.They had basic military training and were used as light infantry,slingers,light archers,skirmishers or guards. And the there were the Helots that were doing every job that this army needed. Logistic staff,cutting wood,fishing,hunting,search for water,taking care of the animals,taking care of food supplies,etc.Noone can tell for sure how many were from two sides. On the other hand Mardonius vast army must have been a logistic nightmare too. Maybe the numbers are about total mumbers of armies and not the real numbers of how many men actually fought this battle.
As a Persian, I'm in love with my country and its remarkable history. Not only we've always been some of the greatest(if not the greatest) warriors, artists and scientists, but unlike Romans, Greeks, Egyptians and others we have never committed any atrocities such as owning slaves and we've always been the pioneers of civilization and humanity. We have set the standards for humanity. Iran has some of the lowest educational budgets and some of the worst quality of life in the world and we're heavily sanctioned, and yet this year(2024) with 10 gold, 10 silver and 2 bronze medals we ranked 3rd in the world in 5 science olympiads(science olympiads are the most prestigious scientific competition in the world). The only countries above us were China and the US which are more populated and their educational budget and overall quality of life are much better; otherwise, I have NO doubt we would've ranked 1st Another example is our chess players. If you look at the top chess players in 2024(a game that we have invented) a lot of them disproportionately are Iranians... We Iranians are the BEST
I've heard many Iranians say Persia didn't own slaves and its pretty cool if its true, but I havn't found any source or evidence that says this. Perhaps you could help me out here?
@@jimmyandersson9938 1- In Zoroastrianism(the oldest religion and the religion of the ancient Persians)slavery is forbidden. 2- After Cyrus The Great conquered Babylonia he freed the slaves and abolished slavery, declared that all people had the right to choose their religion, established racial equality and introduced the first bill of human rights in history(The Cyrus Cylinder) and those values were respected throughout the Parthian and Sassanid empires. 3- There is different evidence indicating how people lived back then. For example in inscriptions from the Achaemenid Empire kept at Chicago University, you could see things like bills or even insurance that indicate that the construction of different places and structures such as Persepolis(Parseh) was done by using workers who were paid and had work insurance(in case they got injured in the process) as opposed to Rome or Greece that used slaves to build the buildings.
@@bobakbobak2588 Thanks. I think your points are viable and pretty good, but not really 100% proof. 1. A religion can be against something but yet in reality most people ignore it or find ways to work around it. For example there is alot of things that were forbidden in christanity but most christian nations allowed anyways. And when I looked at Sassanid era it seems you could have slaves as long as they weren't Zoroastrians and other similiar rules, just like Islam had rules that protected other muslims, but not non muslims. What happend e.g to POWs, criminals, people who dont repay debt in Persia? 2. Cyrus cylinder contains proclamations that emphasize religious tolerance and the restoration of local customs. He also freed the jews, but does it really means all slavery was abolished? Still a good point tho. 3. Yeah I think its proved slaves atleast weren't a big factor in Persia unlike in Rome or Greece, having craftsmen build instead of slaves. But is it proof there weren't slaves out on the farm fields, or in the house cleaning / cooking food etc? Like Egypt its been proven slaves didn't build the Pyramids, they used well payed locals, but they still had slaves for other things.
@@bobakbobak2588 Με όλο το σεβασμό από μια Ελληνίδα για τον πολιτισμό σας κάποιο λάθος κάνεις καταρχήν σε όλες τις εκστρατείες οι Πέρσες είχαν στρατό από τοις χώρες που κατέκτησαν και σίγουρα όλοι αυτοί δεν πήγαν οικειοθελώς από εκεί και πέρα μια αυτοκρατορία όπως η Περσία στηριζόταν στην δουλεία όπως και όλοι οι άλλοι πολιτισμοί από εκεί και πέρα ο μεγαλύτερος πολιτισμός της αρχαιότητας είναι ο ελληνικός από εκεί ξεκίνησαν οι τέχνες η φιλοσοφία και όλα τα υπόλοιπα σεβόμαστε σαν Έλληνες όλους τους πολιτισμούς αλλά δεν μπορείς να λες ότι είστε ο μεγαλύτερος πολιτισμός στην ιστορία όταν υπάρχει η Ελλάδα η Αίγυπτος και η Κίνα τους Ρωμαίους δεν τους βάζω καν γιατί πολύ απλά γιατί αντέγραψαν τον πολιτισμό της Ελλάδας και ξαναλέω μεγάλος ο πολιτισμός της Περσίας αλλά όχι ο μεγαλύτερος
Love from Taipei. Well, Herodotus sure love 300 Greeks. First there were 300 Spartan volunteers now there are 300 Athenian volunteers. I guess since the ancestor of Persians invented calculation and astronomy based on 3s and 6s, Herodotus decided to make his ancestors look good by adding two zeros. *wink
I am pretty sure that I too have encountered that "300" hundred many times regarding ancient greek history. Could it possibly be the number of men that were in a standard greek regiment?
Some Iranians have said Persia banned slavery during the achemenid era, anyone with more knowledge can give me some source for this? I havn't found any.
There's no evidence any Persian ever banned slavery, iirc there's a couple of lines on the Cyrus cylinders that refer to some people being freed, but it is probably referring to hostages or something along those lines (the biblical narrative of Cyrus freeing the Jews). Greek sources state that the Persians enslaved Ioanian Greeks as retribution for the Ioanian revolt, which could be pure propaganda but I'm pretty sure that the forcible population movement of Greeks to places like Bactria involved some form of slavery. Apparently the Persians had some form of personal labour tax, which in effect was a period of indentured slavery to the King (ie the state), and it might be that this is something that the Greeks viewed as slavery. Tbh if the Persians had ever outlawed slavery I imagine this would have been something that Greek authors would have noted and complained about, as slavery was an integral part of Greek society and economy. The Persians mostly seem to have allowed their conquered people to maintain their usual customs and even maintain much of their normal domesmtic government, so even if the Persians had an issue with slavery (which afaik they did not) it would be quite out of character for them to outlaw slavery.
As Iranian there is no evidence of abolishing slavery but there is evidence for one thing Persepolis a city that take 217 year to build nad actually never finish wasn't build by the slave they were workers that got payed based in their profession the source are inscription that was in bunker underground that prove they were no slave there was date and how much worker get paid (sorry for my bad English 😅)
Slaves were present through out the empire, as Persian empire after conquering mostly left the vassal states to their own when it came to their beliefs and way of life, if such states conducted their business with slaves and traded slaves, they were left alone. you can see in the video, they offer such things to greece as well. Persian kings were among the most tolerating rulers. the reason why Iranians say that, is because the essentially the government it self didn't use slaves mostly. archeologists found tables that are proof that the king of kings paid workers that were constructing sites for the empire, there's even somewhat proof of a maternity leave given to women who were pregnant. almost all of the infrastructure built during the time were built by paid workers, artisans, architects and so on. most notably the ceremonial capital of Persepolis was built by paid workers. you can find more about this if you want to dive deeper, but in short, Persian empire compared to say ancient Egypt or greeks or babylon, who had slaves building everything for them, used no slaves; so the time in which they exist plays a big role in deciding how they viewed slavery.
Some of the math isn’t quite mathing to me. Modern histories suggest around 100,000 to 150,000 men in Xerxes’ initial invasion force. Yet after Xerxes retreated with the bulk of his army, Mardonius still had 130,000 men? I’ve also seen a figure of 80,000, but both seem too large if they are the remnant after Xerxes left.
200.000 greeks? Even modern day greece doesnt have these numbers. And of course Darius would be content with what he had achieved: he managed to push back an army of 4000 greeks, causing ~1500 losses, managed to get a defeat and crushing defeat in two naval battles, burned a bunch of empty cities and managed to allow the Greeks, who were scrambling to get the alliance over the 40k mark, to assemble an army of ~100.000. And with his supplylines shattered, enemies organized, ruins and rivers punished, enemies assembled and battle ready, he left. Truly an accomplished man and terrifying king of kings. If I were a babylonian statue harbouring thoughts of rebellion, this display of might and skill would scare me out of my shoes.
@@rafaelglopezroman1110 Military service is still mandatory in Greece. No man. In WW2, the Greek Army was overrun by volunteers. And even though they received arms from outside of Greece, civilians donated their rifles etc. They barely managed to arm ~50% of the 300k. And that's with a higher population, including all Anatolian refugees, and including, thrace, macedon, boetia/thessaly. The numbers given to us for Plataia were ~90.000 Greeks, out of which 1/3 were hoplites or cavalry. That's already a lot, given that the boetians, thessalians, Rhodes, Syracuses (...) were missing or fighting for Persia. Even Babylon, the region with the most money and highest population, didn't reach 200k in their previous rebellion against the Achaemenids.
Many if not all these fighting kind of like cities states there was no concept of what Greece was. The idea of a greek state Never entered their minds.
@@matthijs_de_ligt and we still do. "Greece" and "Greek" is the Roman name of the country and the people. Many european countries kept their Roman name, such as Britain, Germany, Spain etc.
Exactly, i love how its a battle for Greece, when at the time it was more like a battle for their individual freedoms as city states. Everyone agreed they are one group of people but not that they have one country or shoud be in one nation. And afcorse some tried to use their power during or afther the war to take thouse freedoms ( like Athenes, Thebes and Sparta ).
@@Techtalk2030 The Greek Seleucids, the Greco Bactrians, Saka tribes And they did it when they had only 3 cities and few tribes while being surrounded on all four sides
These wars weakened us all(Persians, Romans, Greeks) and we still haven't learned from them. All these arabs, africans, jo0z, afghanis, etc are ruining our countries and we still refuse to unite.
These greek warriors were in peak natural physical condition. Imagine being a Persian and ahead of you lies an army full of "ripped"(at least as much as possible for the time) beasts who want to protect their homeland. I would be intimidated since the battles then were face to face and not from distance with guns and i knew i would have to face their spears.
Most Greek soldiers where normal dudes that get drafted so they are in the same if maybe worse ( since they work in the town and not in the field ) physical condition than the pressian soldiers. Also the majority of this perssian army is greek. The things that made the greek soldiers good was their dicipline and their armour which was the best at the time.
@@stefankatsarov5806 thats why i said as good as possible for the time. But there must have been between all this soldiers thousands of professional soldiers too. Even if they worked in the towns amd stuff back then people would still be in a good physical condition. I am just saying it would be intimidating as i think of it : "Persians lost when greeks were severally outnumbered( except Thermopylae where they suffered heavy casualties however) and now they face five or more times greeks than what they have faced before. All people back then were in good shape but since greeks were into athleticism a bit more and had heavier armour they should also have had a bit stronger bodies to endure this armour. Maybe yes, the normal dudes were equal, but the pro soldiers i dont know about that. Thanks for your comment though amd your accurate point.
@@Iceking_3334Thanks for the reply, and you made a good point about the armour and the more athletic focus by the men. In Anabazis it was said that the perssians just skirmished and ran away from the greeks because they belived they are too strong. I guess these events did made a big impression.
first 5 minutes and I'm already picking up errors. Had you read extensively in order to prepare this video you'd know that Mardonius of platea was likely not the same as in Thrace in 492. Also, you guys really did chose to stick by herodotus' numbers of the Greek army? No questions no critique? I mean, 5.000 spartans? maybe, but 35.000 helots? Im from Messenia myself, the population in 2020s stands at 170.000. Its just not possible. Herodotus really used the spartan Propaganda numbers. There's no way the whole of the Peloponnese city-states and Athens raised more than 40.000 combined. You might as well had included the Persian numbers, in the millions. The Persian wars was my first University assignment and I recall Herodotus as a fun read, but he's no serious historian. it only took a few modern books to make me question everything he said. I like the effort you put into the channel but please read some more and, more importantly, dare to challenge the main narrative.
no you are not wrong but not right too the video says that there were 35000 helots and thats wrong there were 35.000 other greeks. in total the greek army at platea was 40k which is a believable number
@@jimmyandersson9938 the Spartans were the minority in Laconia. They were not indigenous and always short in numbers, a thing they braged about. Still, 5.000 isn't unfathomable with how much militarized of a society they were. They might as well had recruited all available males to campaign. What bugs me is that a militarized society needs to eat and keep an economy rolling. Slaves were their solution, the helots, indigenous of messenia. Only they forbade them to carry arms. And now herodotus wants to believe that not only they armed them but also 7 times more than their own troops? The Spartans were paranoid regarding slave revolts. At best they used that manpower for support duties.
@@YiannissB. I think some of it make sense. Its a good solution to their problem, bringing the helots with them so they can keep an eye on them instead of worrying they'd come back to a burnt down Sparta and a rebellion while they are fighting Persia. Even if armed and 7 times more, they have 0 training as you mention along with probably bad quality weapons, and other soldiers from allied city states that would aid Sparta if the Helots decided to fight them. Perhaps helots also prefered living under Spartan rule rather than Persia.
Youre NUTS ! the whole population of greek ! all the citystates where all together about 200;000 woman and childeren included! ! athens 10.000, Sparta maybe 10.000, and all citystates together maybe 10.000 . The armie of the persians where 40.000 most of them was cav , Xerses have left in greece to complete the job... You see to much movies bud
I dont know much about the population size, but a quick google and it says the combined population of the greek city states were between 1-2 million. Or are you telling me a region with a total population of 200k defeated the largest empire on earth with possible 25 million in population twice, and later with Macedon included took it over? Thats like Panama defeating the US.
@@jimmyandersson9938Hi, The total population of greece THAT TIME ( helots not included) was arround 250 a 300.000 MAX people of all states included. In the battle of Marathon the athenian army was 8000 men totaly. The problem is most historybooks where written long afther it all happend. So exact numbers where not available. The hoplites became the best warriors of the ancient world .Later Hoplites became the best exportproduct of greece.... I give lessons about the ancient times. From Creta to the middle ages. The mythologie of the greek is beautifull.... The romans copied them all and gived them other names.
For a start, there was not even 1 greek person, in this particular, time since Greece never exist. Greece: (OTTO THE FIRST AND THE ONLY ONE KING OF GREECE. German Bavarian: Otto Fredrich Ludwig von Bayern, 1 June 1815 - 26 July 1867 AD) was a first Bavarian Prince as a King who Ruled Greece from the establishment of the monarchy on 27 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed on 23 October 1862. Prove me if I'm wrong. The history is gone up to shit.
@@naidetutureski9408 I wouldn't expect anything less from a man from Skopje.Your propaganda is the only weapon you got.No Greek people,is the worst nonsense in the world.Greece wasn't united those days but all those city-states were Greek.With this logic there was no Italy,no Spain,no Germany etc.All these countries were divided either in city-states in Italy or kingdoms in Spain and Germany.And of course Bavarian Otto wasn't the first ruler in modern Greece but governor Kapodistrias,the former minister of Russia.Not to mention that there were nany Greek Emperors in Eastern Roman Empire,the Byzantine Empire.So,take your bucket and go to another beach.Your lies have no power here
![True Size of a Cadian Regiment [999.M41] 3D Documentary](/img/n.gif)
Part 2 is now live: ua-cam.com/video/CJlGvqiqx4g/v-deo.htmlsi=9h_3sWeLPVdliBz-
I already know I'm going to enjoy the next 21 mins and 30 seconds of my life. Cheers Invicta.
In case you missed it, this is actually just 1 episode in our series covering the 2nd Greco Persian War:
1) Aftermath of Thermopylae: ua-cam.com/video/rTNbZrmnIyc/v-deo.html
2) The Battle of Salamis: ua-cam.com/video/f7PQvP4GF20/v-deo.html
3) Aftermath of Salamis: ua-cam.com/video/XkxR-bsdhJ8/v-deo.html
Your amazing ❤@@InvictaHistory
@@InvictaHistory Thanks so much! Please keep doing what your doing, even if the algorithym doesn't appreciate it, we certainly do.
Where is Part 2 of the battle????
@@InvictaHistory western bias and present time falacy is quite obvious. Abloshing democrasy and imposing a tyrant 😂😂 i feel sorry for these poor bafoons who are learing history from invictia.
Fun fact, Persia planned a third attack 14 years later but Delian league fleet was lucky and found them before they could launch and Persia was defeated at battle of Eurymedon. This loss was the final straw and Xerxes was killed not long after by his own men.
Excellent remark.....Few men know this...The battle at eurymedon river was a stunning Athenian victory...Which catapulted Athenian influence..But unfortunately set the stage for the Peloponnesian war...The Spartans couldn't " handle " so much Athenian glory...
@@TheSauron197you are both incorrectly and overly using ellipses. Please. Stop.
Just use a period. If the thoughts go together you can use a comma to separate them, giving others the idea that you know what you’re saying.
@dylanjwagner perhaps you know better...please do enlighten us...
@@jimmyandersson9938 don't make up stories, Xerxes campaign was successful. His goal was to captured Athens, and he did. Western historian are lier.
I don't think anyone who starts a sentence with the phrase' fun fact' can be taken seriously.
"Here on this rugged patch of earth called Plataea, Xerxes hordes face obliteration!"
Sends chills up the spine whenever I see that scene, amazing.
He actually says, "ragged patch of earth we call Platea".
Great line all the same.
Sad when you realize he was actually banished when he returned to Sparta. And died a poor beggar. Never fought at Platea.
He died fighting actually but not in platea
Please don’t quote the film 300. It’s the most fantastical, inaccurate and absurd movie that is not at all based on either facts or any evidence/reality whatsoever. Not to mention, that the Spartans are by far the most overrated, and misunderstood archaeologically as well as mythologized Ancient Greek group ever. They might even be the most mysterious and overestimated not to mention lacking in primary sources people in all of antiquity.
This is the battle that should be famous just like Marathon and Thermopylae as it permanently ended Persia's invasion of Greece. But history is often remembered not for the decisive moments but for tales agreed upon as Napoleon put it. Thank you Herodotus.
Marathon si not that famous either except in Greece.
@@KroiAlbanoiArbanon I would respectfully disagree. The famous english philosopher John Stuart Mill called Marathon more important than Hastings for Britain. Many authors to this day proclaim Marathon as the moment where Western Civilization began. It's just that Marathon has not had a movie or a tv series that focuses on the battle. Apart from a 2 minute clip in 300 rise of an empire.
@@KroiAlbanoiArbanoni disagree. The battle of marathon is so famous that its events are taught here in indian schools.
Marathon is famous because of marathon runs and Thermopylae because of the 300 movies and comics chill it’s not that deep
Herodotus reputation as a myth teller is greatly underserved.
You need to actually read his histories book to realise that. A lot of things they attribute to him for saying he didn't even really say them.
Others he just mentions as rumours he heard like the lost army of cambysses.
And turns out he was right about a lot of things historians mocked him for.
Like the Scythians making clothes out of human skin was considered a fairytale, sea monsters attacking the shipwrecked Persians at athos Chersonese during the first Persian war ,well now we know there were a lot of great white sharks in Greece back then etc.
What people don't realise is how few city states actually participated in this war. Asia minor Greeks are enslaved, Syracuse is dealing with Carthage, Macedonia under occupation in the North, some significant city states like Thebes also aiding the Persians and southern Italy Greeks also not participating because they're fighting each other.
A video about the background of this conflict with geographical info would actually be pretty good.
Well Said
Persians did not practice slavery
They covered most of that in a prior video
@@matthijs_de_ligtevebody did ...unfortunately it was a common state of being ,back then and for years to come...
What an insane exhibition of madness. How in the world did the Greeks pull this off with so much infighting and a lack of a central command to organize things.
They stopped infighting while the Persians were on greek land. Of course there was mistrust, and there always was a measure of contempt between some city-states but they knew that only by binding together they could overcome Persian numbers.
It's annoying how the spartans always get the glory when people praise greek classical history, or when they are often the ones first thought of when discussing greek history. It has always been the Athenians that have been the ones that "carried" Greek culture, economy, military, and influence throughout greek history. Remember, it was Sparta that begged the Persians for aid so that they could win the war against Athens, a betrayal of Greek pride. It was also the Athenians that the Romans feared most rather than the Spartans, who they considered nothing but tribesmen when they were conquering Greece. It has always been Athens that was carrying Greece.
When Rome came to Greece the spartans where just a shadow of themselves. Also Athenes has the better ships which woud be a problem for Romes supply lines.
Sparta aways gets glory because of the idea of their warrior and the battle of Thermopylae. Even tho i woud say that the hoplites of Argos are just as if not better and latter we can see many other like the ones in Thebes beat Sparta.
Tho i havent seen or heard anyone that does not praice Athens as much if not even more, since you know it is aways the oratorial and philosophical center of the time.
@@AK-forty-seven there weren't 1 but 2 Greek ethnic groups within the Greek nation.
The Acheans(like Athens)who were Celtic and matriarchal the Dorians(like the Spartans) who were Germanic and patriarchal.
The whole rivalry comes from there.
@@AK-forty-seven also Athens produce solid generals literally the whole textbook was just Athens winning impossible battle
@@Ameer-dj5gj 100% incorrect.😅
@@Ameer-dj5gj
Celtic and Germanic?
Are you good? Some say the Greeks came from Ukraine as migrants or some other incorrect thing.
And the Athenians weren't matriarchal, just saying.
But Celtic and Germanic? Please don't insult my people's glory like that.
Plus Germanic and Celtic cultures didn't exist during the time of the Dorians.
Finally after 50 plus years of the study of ancient military history INVICTA came through wonderfully in covering a major turning point battle!!!
I had no clue this battle was so drawn out.
That's because no major channel has covered this battle until right now. I've been studying ancient military history for over 50 years and I am truly grateful to INVICTA for this wonderful production!!!
It has been a long wait but here it is finally!!!!!
The Persians held the upperhand on the plain behind the Asopos river. They had made their encampement behind there as well. They were banking on the Greeks moving down onto the flat plains infront of the river whereby the Persian would then cross and engage the Greeks on an extensive open field where all the Persian advantages could be brought to bear, such as cavalry flanking maneuvers, as well as ample time to attrite the Hoplite ranks using archers firing for an extended time. However the Greeks instead retreated further back onto the slopes and rocky ground, seeing this the Persians got hasty moving forward not wanting the Greeks getting away. Particularly Mardonius was irritated by the idea of the Greeks refusing battle. So the Greeks split up into three segments drawing the Persians off into three separate engagements on the slopes where the Greeks held the high ground. At first the Persians inflicted some serious losses by launching arrow volleys into Greek ranks from fairly close distances. Then both went for close combat in which the Greeks were better trained, armed and armored in their hoplite Phalanxes. This how it went down broadly speaking. The Persian leadership was impetous and made the mistake of fighting on the Greek terms.
We finally reach the climax of our Avenging Leonidas series! Play War Thunder now with my link, and get a massive, free bonus pack including vehicles, boosters and more: playwt.link/invicta24
Okay, I shall reveal how the Persian army worked, just because I want somebody for once to understand how the Persian army actually looked like. I shall name my sources later.
The Imperial Achaemenid Persian army fought just like the Imperial Median army before it, which was inspired by the New Assyrian empire’s army. The infantry was called Pasti, while the cavalry was called Asabari, with camel born troops being called Usabari. Of the Pasti(Infantries), tower shield bearers were called Sparabara, with lighter more general infantry being Takabara(small shield wielders or spear bearers(?)), and finally archers called Thanvabara(they carried 30 bronze tipped arrows, possibly getting Iron or/and steel ones in the late empire). Of the Asabari(cavalries), there were assault javelin melee medium cavalry(2 javelins), skirmisher javelin ranged light cavalry(4 or more javelins), and skirmisher archery ranged light cavalry(30 to 120 arrows). It is possible if the medium Asabari cavalry would carry 120 arrows to support/resupply infantry and cavalry archers on the field. For the phalanx infantry, there would be 5 possible variants of it (depending on the ethnic contingents of the phalanx army). The Achaemenid infantry would be primarily equipped with some or no armor at all of their native origin, their native clothing or Persian style clothing, and weapons plus shields. Most primary weapons would be a pole or ranged missile weapon, for poles being a short spear or a short pike, and for ranged weapons being javelins, darts, slings, and/or bow & arrows. Most secondary weapons would include a short sword (Akinaces), a larger straight sword, a scythed sword, a mace, a stick with a nail sticking out(Scythed mace/bat?), and battle axes(Sagaris and other bigger axes). The Persian military was composed of a massive multinational force, and the polyglot commanders would organize various ethnicities into fighting their own way or as a phalanx used by the Persian commanders. Persia would base these phalanxes around nearby foreign peoples which fought in similar styles to their own ethnic forces, which made unifying the soldiers easier and more effective. The soldiers would have Pan ethnic deities & religions, deities & religious dogma unique to individual states & nations, and deities and religious beliefs which stretched internationally through the empire of Persian & Mesepotanian origin. Syncretism would be a main element of religious views of the multi ethnic Achaemenid armies, as combining religious beliefs was a way a commander could unify a multi national force of warriors and soldiers.
Nations supplying the army with men would have little tribes inside the larger ethnic group of people, with many states and sub-tribes of the nation having more particular importance than other groups of people of the national civilization. In the Persian nation, the Pasargadae, Maspii, & the Maraphii were the 3 leading minor kingdoms or tribe states of the Persian nation. The 3 tribes contributed the most to Achaemenid manpower and leadership, having most nobles coming from the Pasargadae kingdom, with the house of Tepid Achaemenids from the region being the ruling family of the entire empire. Under Cyrus the great, the capital city of Pasargadae was the main capital of the Persian empire, with Persepolis, Babylon, Ecbatana, & Susa being other capitals of the empire after Cyrus’s reign. The Mardi kingdom of the Persian nation would be used sparingly, usually for lines of archers 9 men deep with a Sparabara at the front. More urban states/tribes would provide less troops, while more agricultural states on the other hand would provide more troops, and more nomadic states might barely provide any troops.
1. A phalanx with no shield bearer or a tower shield or most probably normal shield & spear bearer at the first rank of men, with 9 other ranks of spear or javelin bearers behind the front rank, basically a normal phalanx. These men had the ability to rotate all the ranks of the phalanx to the front and the rear, which made their exhaustion in extended melee combat last longer than any other type of phalanx, with all troops being able to relax.
2. Another variant of the phalanx was a tower shield & spear bearer at the front, with 7 other ranks of javelin or spear bearers, and 2 final ranks of light archers. This phalanx might have been the standard, being the army of Persian infantry Herodotus describes at Platea, having a shield wall fence at the front of the army, without any javelins being mentioned, though archers were. The javelin or spear bearing takabara in between the light Thanvabara archers and the Sparabara shield bearers could have rotated ranks, in order to support the Sparabara spearmen at the front against an enemy force, allowing the phalanx to endure longer hardships with more relaxed men as long as the Sparabara at the front doesn’t faint or die. Xenophon says Persian armies of later periods could have had the infantry supported by javelin throwers and slingers who could have either been light infantry skirmishers supporting the phalanx, or heavy infantry ranks/rank and file units of the phalanx. Slingers would be put behind the archers, while javelin Psiloi peltast would be in front of archers, either directly in front, or more indirectly in front of the phalanx itself. The development of Psiloi in the Persian army during the late 5th century B.C. directly coincides with the development of light missile troop usage by the city states of Greece during the same era. The Persian army & navy marine force would have been organized to fight on land as this phalanx, though possibly without the Sparabara. The Takabara of the elite Persian “Immortal” corps might have been re-equipped to use hoplite aspis shields, Lydian style by the time of the battle of Issus(333 B.C.), to defend themselves more readily against missile fire & sorties.
“The secret of happiness is freedom, and the secret of freedom is courage.” - The Greek Philosopher Thucydides
Sparta and Athens: Do you mean the freedom of Persian gold? 😮😮😮
What freedom? Greeks loved to enslave
Ancient greece was filled with slaves
@@Techtalk2030 Not only Greeks, but ALL countries had slaves. Even the bible tells how to treat slaves, and not one word for abolishion of slavery....
Then, it's not more a century since the only people with a right to vote, were men with property, education and/or wealth....
@@Techtalk2030 As was almost every nation in the world at that time. Judging an ancient culture by modern sensibilities is a dead end.
It was actually the Spartans also supported by the tegeans who broke the deadlock and decided to march forward because the battle wasn't going well and they were in danger of being flanked since the Athenians were pinned in a mountain trying to avoid Persian cavalry which caused huge issues for the Greeks in that battle.
The wars most important battle came down to a gamble. Either the Persians would crumble against the frontal assault or the Greeks would inevitably get flanked if they didn't succeed in a breakthrough.
nooo! you can't leave me in a cliffhanger like that!! i was so immersed
...and then about 50 years later, Persia decided to play the long game by helping both Athens *and* Sparta during different periods of the Peloponnesian War
Kind of begs the question, what if the Greeks did agree to submit to Persia in 480 BCE. Sounds like they would have basically been left to do their own thing, except instead of fighting each other, they'd be occasionally fighting for the Persians along the imperial borders. Just some interesting, alternative history.
….and their reward was to be conquered by Alexander the Great: nice planning.
And then Macedonia destroyed them. So Greece won again
@seanbeckett4019 look at Macedonia a Persian province that took part in this invasion. They learned Persian governance and administration.
@@allstarlord9110 nope Macedonia was a Persian province and fought alongside Persia in this campaign. Where do you think they learned?
Just wanted to say im happy the channel is still kicking it!
great video as usual! can't wait for the conclusion of this historical battle!
Hopefully you will continue avenging Leonidas because I would like to see you cover the Greek counterattack and the wars of the Delian league and these two events were the last two phases of the Greco Persian war before peace was made with Persia and the Greek counterattack lasted from 479 to 478Bc and the wars of the Delian league lasted from 477 to 449bc and during the wars of the Delian league another more studied and more well known about conflict erupted and this conflict that erupted was the first Peloponnesian war and the wars of the Delian league was fought in Thrace, mainland Greece, Asia Minor aka Anatolia, Cyprus and Egypt and the opposing sides consisted of the Delian league and they were also joined by Egyptian rebels until 454 bc and they would face against the Achaemenid empire. The opposing commanders were Pericles, Charitimides, Cimon and Inaros II who was presumably the grandson of pharaoh Psamtik III on one side however facing them on the other side would be Persian kings Xerxes the Great and his son and successor Artaxerxes I and they would be joined by Persian general and later satrap Artabazos I of Phrygia and Persian general Megabyzus who has royal Persian blood in him and he was the son of Zopyrus and Zopyrus was one of seven conspirators who had put king Darius the great on the throne of Persia and Zopyrus married one of Darius’s sisters and she gave birth to Megabyzus which means that Megabyzus’s uncle was Darius and that would make Xerxes the great Megabyzus’s cousin however Megabyzus and Xerxes had a good relationship and I am saying that because Megabyzus married Xerxes’s daughter Amytis and many other commanders. The losses for the wars were 250 ships and 50,000 men on the side of the Greeks while the Persians lost 200 ships.
I definitely want to cover the counter offensive because that NEVER gets covered
Absolute marvels again!
Cannot get enough of your content… Delian league Origins, aims and activities next 🙌🏼
The Spartans get WAY too much credit. Greece survived two invasions in spite of Sparta. At Marathon they stayed home and left Athens and others to fight and win. Xerxes invasion was once again mostly Athens. The story of Leonides and the 300 was a good story, but it was a defeat that did nothing but delay things. Plataea was the first time they actually did something and even then reluctantly.
I get your point, Sparta did leave to aid Athens tho. As soon Carneia was over they force marched towards Marathon but the battle was over before they could arrive. Sparta didn't contribute as much as Athens did in general, but they did what they could. They sent their navy to join up with the Greek armada, they did gather entire peloponnese to fight the Persians and thanks to their military strength Athenian people could return and rebuild their city.
To be fair, the main source we have is Herodotus, but yeah, Sparta is overrated.
The Spartans were some of the best warriors in Greece, but they had a pretty fatal flaw insofar as this war went, which i dont often hear brought up.
The Helots.
The Persians offered gold and generous rewards to those who joined them or betrayed their countrymen to the Persian cause. Which sowed dissent and mistrust in their enemies.
Sparta was a city state propped up by a very strict hierarchical system, at the bottom of which, were the Helots. physically strong, generational slaves for life. Who were brutally oppressed and repressed by the Spartan elites; the Spartiates and the Periokoi.
Against an enemy who rewarded betrayals in their name, the Spartans faced a unique problem compared to the rest of the Hellenes.
A slave uprising at home.
The Helots vastly outnumbered them, and worked in their homes, and cities by the thousands. Sending the entire Spartan army off to fight the Persians was a risky gamble because in this particular case, there was a possible gun to their families heads.
What could one Spartan family, sans father and eldest son, do if ten of their Helot slaves decided after the army left, to grab the woodsplitting axe and butcher's knives, and descend upon them in their sleep? Or if this scene was repeated across the city?
The Spartans might have been the strongest military when it came to quality of their soldiers, but their very society itself paralyzed them during most of this war.
Which I'm betting, is why the Effors kept holding them back with the excuse of religious festivals. That, and the hope to hold onto their own power.
Not to mention, if they truly felt safe behind the Corinthian wall, then letting the Persians burn Athens to the ground and then _maybe_ leave, would make Sparta the undisputed Hegemons of the entire region.
Yo I love me some Greek history
First time seeing the real you, and the first time a UA-cam channel I like has looked close to how I expected 😂 Thanks for all your work, I have enjoyed your videos for quite a while!
Spoilers about the next video: Alexander I said to the Athenians: "Athenians, I lay up these words of mine as a trust to you, charging you to keep them secret and tell them to no one except only to Pausanias, lest ye bring me to ruin: for I should not utter them if I did not care greatly for the general safety of Hellas, seeing that I am a Hellene myself by original descent and I should not wish to see Hellas enslaved instead of free. I say then that Mardonius and his army cannot get the offerings to be according to their mind, for otherwise ye would long ago have fought. Now however he has resolved to let the offerings alone and to bring on a battle at dawn of day; for, as I conjecture, he fears lest ye should assemble in greater numbers. Therefore prepare yourselves; and if after all Mardonius should put off the battle and not bring it on, stay where ye are and hold out patiently; for they have provisions only for a few days remaining. And if this way shall have its issue according to your mind, then each one of you ought to remember me also concerning liberation, since I have done for the sake of the Hellenes so hazardous a deed by reason of my zeal for you, desiring to show you the design of Mardonius, in order that the Barbarians may not fall upon you when ye are not as yet expecting them: I am Alexander the Macedonian." (Herodotus: IX,45)
But...but...but... the Monkeydonians said that ancient Macedonia was Slavic and it was completely different than Hellas. Who is that Herodotus who will try to say something that goes against the propaganda of Tito?
@@TeutonicEmperor1198 Well, that's their problem.
@@TeutonicEmperor1198 Fucking TIto turned Old Serbia into a fictional fairyland nation just because "Serbian Chauvinism huurrrrr the Croats and Slovenes feel threateneeeddd because you are biggg hurrr send all your factories to Slovenia hurrrrr"
And if any Bulgarian comes "Reee they are Bulgarians reee" they are Slavic and therefore Serbian this far south Bulgarians are a turkic tribe and have no claim upon Slavic lands and souls.
😂😂😂👍@@TeutonicEmperor1198
Battle videos from Invicta are my favorite!
4:32 Sassanid clothes and hairstyle for an Achaemenid king who lived centuries before the Sassanid empire was even established ?
And why are the Immortals in their traditional clothes ? They wore those when they were in the imperial capital
They should be wearing their scale and linothorax armors (or scale linothorax armors) when they're in a military campaign
You've caught a few of the cases where we did indeed recycle some assest from other epidoses. I'll try and keep a lookout for things which may need polishing before re-use
Those are elomytie solder(I'm not sure if what you call them in English)
Damn... this cliffhanger. Be quick about the next episode. LOL
I can highly recommend Conn Igulden's "The Athenians" series on the topic.
You're such a tease, can't wait for part 2 😁
My brain kept reading Elis on the map as ELI5... What did you need explained Greece?
Great video, as always!
Saludos desde Bolivia, excelente video
I rewatched 300 yesterday and it ended with the battle of Plataea. That's quite a coincidence (or is it?) to find this today on my proposed videos...on a second thought I need to up my privacy settings, this is becoming ridiculous.
300 is stupid film :D :D persians look like super barbarians :D dont like this film
No it's not. I've tested this throughly. The phones are listening to and informing on us, for at least the last 4 years.
@@HejMeeeen Hi there, they kinda were barbarians and most of Xerxes's army were submissive subjects from his vast empire, Greeks would call them his slaves at the time, fighting free men (Greeks).
The film, even though inaccurate in many instances (for example Leonidas did not die last and a fierce battle actually took place over his dead body - and many many more details), it's very atmospheric and, dare to say, unique (at that time). .
@@C_R_O_M________It won't do any good to beef up your privacy settings. The way the algorithm works, it will still push certain videos into your feed based on the types of videos you watch.
@@C_R_O_M________ You need to watch more videos from this channel if you believe any of that 1st sentence. They were not all "submissive subjects" by any means and no one fighting was a slave. Most were likely feudal or tribal levies fighting under local leaders that contributed men in lieu of taxes, or mercenaries being paid for the campaign
I'm intrigued by that clash with the Persian cavalry. It sounds like they were well armored, were they heavy shock cavalry, medium or light skirmish cavalry? Curious...
A combination of bouth, moustly light armoured skirmishers. From what i read, the fighting was very mild, not much of actial hand to hand or charges type of fighting but rather skirmishing and intimidation tactics. Casualties where ofthen low as well.
Hi Invicta, just wondering if you would be playing anymore Total War?
I do still play from time to time but unfortunately dont upload gameplay anymore
I enjoyed part 1 and I'm sure I'll enjoy part 2 whenever it comes out.
God Bless this channel!!!! HOLLYWEIRD can never get History right!!!!!:/
Thank you Invicta. Ever thought of a coop with Schwerpunkt? The guy has a pool of great Hellenic warfare content
My OCD made me click this because the thumbnail said 200,00O? I watched the full video so I guess it worked!
I’d be interested in an analysis of 40k naval combat and fleet mockups
Humanity as a whole peaked at that time, we have never been as cool as then!
What a tease!!!
Does anybody know the name of the soundtrack at 7:50?
"Yet here they stand now, across the plain, at TEN thousand Spartans, comanding thirty thousand free Greeks!"
All that aside I really wish hollywood movies would get the equipment historically correct, like they did in the movie Alexander. Colin Farrell and Jared Leto and The Hound from Game of Thrones are all in that movie, just incase you have any trouble finding it.
Good video thanks
Hehehe, i was just doing a siege battle vs sparta with my troyan armies when this video popped up for me👌
Can i ask when the next episode is going to be?
Is that location of wall the very same place where Byzantine built their Hexamilion
Why suffix -ius or -es in Mardonius or Xerxes?
Herodotus i think is a bit wrong about the numbers. Every Spartan hoplite(citizen) had three Helots as slaves. One to hunt, one to guard and one to take care things around the tent(weapons,armor,cooking). So ,5000 Spartan Hoplites is around 20000 men that had to be fed. After that they were the Perioiki.They were free Spartans but not citizens. They didn't vote. These were merchants and craftsmen of all kinds.They had basic military training and were used as light infantry,slingers,light archers,skirmishers or guards. And the there were the Helots that were doing every job that this army needed. Logistic staff,cutting wood,fishing,hunting,search for water,taking care of the animals,taking care of food supplies,etc.Noone can tell for sure how many were from two sides. On the other hand Mardonius vast army must have been a logistic nightmare too. Maybe the numbers are about total mumbers of armies and not the real numbers of how many men actually fought this battle.
As a Persian, I'm in love with my country and its remarkable history. Not only we've always been some of the greatest(if not the greatest) warriors, artists and scientists, but unlike Romans, Greeks, Egyptians and others we have never committed any atrocities such as owning slaves and we've always been the pioneers of civilization and humanity. We have set the standards for humanity.
Iran has some of the lowest educational budgets and some of the worst quality of life in the world and we're heavily sanctioned, and yet this year(2024) with 10 gold, 10 silver and 2 bronze medals we ranked 3rd in the world in 5 science olympiads(science olympiads are the most prestigious scientific competition in the world). The only countries above us were China and the US which are more populated and their educational budget and overall quality of life are much better; otherwise, I have NO doubt we would've ranked 1st
Another example is our chess players. If you look at the top chess players in 2024(a game that we have invented) a lot of them disproportionately are Iranians...
We Iranians are the BEST
I've heard many Iranians say Persia didn't own slaves and its pretty cool if its true, but I havn't found any source or evidence that says this. Perhaps you could help me out here?
@@jimmyandersson9938 1- In Zoroastrianism(the oldest religion and the religion of the ancient Persians)slavery is forbidden.
2- After Cyrus The Great conquered Babylonia he freed the slaves and abolished slavery, declared that all people had the right to choose their religion, established racial equality and introduced the first bill of human rights in history(The Cyrus Cylinder) and those values were respected throughout the Parthian and Sassanid empires.
3- There is different evidence indicating how people lived back then. For example in inscriptions from the Achaemenid Empire kept at Chicago University, you could see things like bills or even insurance that indicate that the construction of different places and structures such as Persepolis(Parseh) was done by using workers who were paid and had work insurance(in case they got injured in the process) as opposed to Rome or Greece that used slaves to build the buildings.
@@bobakbobak2588 Thanks. I think your points are viable and pretty good, but not really 100% proof.
1. A religion can be against something but yet in reality most people ignore it or find ways to work around it. For example there is alot of things that were forbidden in christanity but most christian nations allowed anyways. And when I looked at Sassanid era it seems you could have slaves as long as they weren't Zoroastrians and other similiar rules, just like Islam had rules that protected other muslims, but not non muslims. What happend e.g to POWs, criminals, people who dont repay debt in Persia?
2. Cyrus cylinder contains proclamations that emphasize religious tolerance and the restoration of local customs. He also freed the jews, but does it really means all slavery was abolished? Still a good point tho.
3. Yeah I think its proved slaves atleast weren't a big factor in Persia unlike in Rome or Greece, having craftsmen build instead of slaves. But is it proof there weren't slaves out on the farm fields, or in the house cleaning / cooking food etc? Like Egypt its been proven slaves didn't build the Pyramids, they used well payed locals, but they still had slaves for other things.
@@bobakbobak2588 Με όλο το σεβασμό από μια Ελληνίδα για τον πολιτισμό σας κάποιο λάθος κάνεις καταρχήν σε όλες τις εκστρατείες οι Πέρσες είχαν στρατό από τοις χώρες που κατέκτησαν και σίγουρα όλοι αυτοί δεν πήγαν οικειοθελώς από εκεί και πέρα μια αυτοκρατορία όπως η Περσία στηριζόταν στην δουλεία όπως και όλοι οι άλλοι πολιτισμοί από εκεί και πέρα ο μεγαλύτερος πολιτισμός της αρχαιότητας είναι ο ελληνικός από εκεί ξεκίνησαν οι τέχνες η φιλοσοφία και όλα τα υπόλοιπα σεβόμαστε σαν Έλληνες όλους τους πολιτισμούς αλλά δεν μπορείς να λες ότι είστε ο μεγαλύτερος πολιτισμός στην ιστορία όταν υπάρχει η Ελλάδα η Αίγυπτος και η Κίνα τους Ρωμαίους δεν τους βάζω καν γιατί πολύ απλά γιατί αντέγραψαν τον πολιτισμό της Ελλάδας και ξαναλέω μεγάλος ο πολιτισμός της Περσίας αλλά όχι ο μεγαλύτερος
“Killer of Men” by Christian Cameron is an excellent historical fiction series covering this time period if anyone is interested.
Bring back the deep voice male! His voice it's lovely! 😍
Love from Taipei. Well, Herodotus sure love 300 Greeks. First there were 300 Spartan volunteers now there are 300 Athenian volunteers. I guess since the ancestor of Persians invented calculation and astronomy based on 3s and 6s, Herodotus decided to make his ancestors look good by adding two zeros. *wink
@@liberatumtaiwanae3580 Stop embarasing yourself
I am pretty sure that I too have encountered that "300" hundred many times regarding ancient greek history. Could it possibly be the number of men that were in a standard greek regiment?
Where's the next video?????????
It's really convenient that Alexander switched sides at a pivotal moment. 🤔
Epic
Some Iranians have said Persia banned slavery during the achemenid era, anyone with more knowledge can give me some source for this? I havn't found any.
There's no evidence any Persian ever banned slavery, iirc there's a couple of lines on the Cyrus cylinders that refer to some people being freed, but it is probably referring to hostages or something along those lines (the biblical narrative of Cyrus freeing the Jews).
Greek sources state that the Persians enslaved Ioanian Greeks as retribution for the Ioanian revolt, which could be pure propaganda but I'm pretty sure that the forcible population movement of Greeks to places like Bactria involved some form of slavery. Apparently the Persians had some form of personal labour tax, which in effect was a period of indentured slavery to the King (ie the state), and it might be that this is something that the Greeks viewed as slavery.
Tbh if the Persians had ever outlawed slavery I imagine this would have been something that Greek authors would have noted and complained about, as slavery was an integral part of Greek society and economy. The Persians mostly seem to have allowed their conquered people to maintain their usual customs and even maintain much of their normal domesmtic government, so even if the Persians had an issue with slavery (which afaik they did not) it would be quite out of character for them to outlaw slavery.
As Iranian there is no evidence of abolishing slavery but there is evidence for one thing Persepolis a city that take 217 year to build nad actually never finish wasn't build by the slave they were workers that got payed based in their profession the source are inscription that was in bunker underground that prove they were no slave there was date and how much worker get paid (sorry for my bad English 😅)
Slaves were present through out the empire, as Persian empire after conquering mostly left the vassal states to their own when it came to their beliefs and way of life, if such states conducted their business with slaves and traded slaves, they were left alone. you can see in the video, they offer such things to greece as well. Persian kings were among the most tolerating rulers. the reason why Iranians say that, is because the essentially the government it self didn't use slaves mostly. archeologists found tables that are proof that the king of kings paid workers that were constructing sites for the empire, there's even somewhat proof of a maternity leave given to women who were pregnant. almost all of the infrastructure built during the time were built by paid workers, artisans, architects and so on. most notably the ceremonial capital of Persepolis was built by paid workers. you can find more about this if you want to dive deeper, but in short, Persian empire compared to say ancient Egypt or greeks or babylon, who had slaves building everything for them, used no slaves; so the time in which they exist plays a big role in deciding how they viewed slavery.
In non-Persian territory slavery was still a thing but under Cyrus it was banned in Persia proper for a while
@@Techtalk2030 Cool, but do you know what evidence that proves that? Thats what I can't find.
Battle of Mycale too please!
Comment for the algorithm.
One of those 0s in the thumbnail being an O is killing me.
Oh gosh... I didn't even notice
Holy moly, are you a teenager? That face reveal in the ad caught me off guard.
Ambassadors and legates are usually sacred... barring Persian envoys during the Peloponnesian war.
Some of the math isn’t quite mathing to me. Modern histories suggest around 100,000 to 150,000 men in Xerxes’ initial invasion force. Yet after Xerxes retreated with the bulk of his army, Mardonius still had 130,000 men? I’ve also seen a figure of 80,000, but both seem too large if they are the remnant after Xerxes left.
Truth is nobody knows the size, so channels covering this event are basically guessing between 100k and 200k which is the modern estimate.
Xerxes invaded with 200k men not 150k
Big part of the remaining Persian force was composed of Greeks
I hope to hear and see: Who charged first at Platea?
The Hellspont was near the Dardanelles not up on the Bospherus.
Finally fair fight, not fucking more than 100.000 vs 300
why Argolis, Achaea and Aetolia are not mark as greek? werent they part of the alliance? did they made any agreement with the persian?
they werent oficially with the greeks they were neutral but they sent soldiers
@@kingtryfon5702 thanks!! Loved the video, waiting for the next parts
200.000 greeks? Even modern day greece doesnt have these numbers.
And of course Darius would be content with what he had achieved: he managed to push back an army of 4000 greeks, causing ~1500 losses, managed to get a defeat and crushing defeat in two naval battles, burned a bunch of empty cities and managed to allow the Greeks, who were scrambling to get the alliance over the 40k mark, to assemble an army of ~100.000.
And with his supplylines shattered, enemies organized, ruins and rivers punished, enemies assembled and battle ready, he left.
Truly an accomplished man and terrifying king of kings.
If I were a babylonian statue harbouring thoughts of rebellion, this display of might and skill would scare me out of my shoes.
@@rafaelglopezroman1110
Military service is still mandatory in Greece.
No man. In WW2, the Greek Army was overrun by volunteers. And even though they received arms from outside of Greece, civilians donated their rifles etc. They barely managed to arm ~50% of the 300k.
And that's with a higher population, including all Anatolian refugees, and including, thrace, macedon, boetia/thessaly.
The numbers given to us for Plataia were ~90.000 Greeks, out of which 1/3 were hoplites or cavalry. That's already a lot, given that the boetians, thessalians, Rhodes, Syracuses (...) were missing or fighting for Persia.
Even Babylon, the region with the most money and highest population, didn't reach 200k in their previous rebellion against the Achaemenids.
the last 0 in the thumbnail is not a 0 its an O and it disturbs me
Many if not all these fighting kind of like cities states there was no concept of what Greece was.
The idea of a greek state Never entered their minds.
Who the fuck cares. The fact that they united against the alien force signals that they knew who their people were.
Hellenes bro. the ancient greeks called themselves hellenes
@@matthijs_de_ligt and we still do. "Greece" and "Greek" is the Roman name of the country and the people. Many european countries kept their Roman name, such as Britain, Germany, Spain etc.
Alexander the great got the title uniter of the hellenes
Exactly, i love how its a battle for Greece, when at the time it was more like a battle for their individual freedoms as city states. Everyone agreed they are one group of people but not that they have one country or shoud be in one nation. And afcorse some tried to use their power during or afther the war to take thouse freedoms ( like Athenes, Thebes and Sparta ).
I read somewhere that at one point he had a wife named Esther. I can't find that source though.
Woah
The greeks had 108.000 men. The Persians 300.000 men! Thats the numbers
5:33 That's a Parthian armor during the era of the Parthian empire
The ones who crushed the greek selucids lol
@@Techtalk2030 The Greek Seleucids, the Greco Bactrians, Saka tribes
And they did it when they had only 3 cities and few tribes while being surrounded on all four sides
@@ramtin5152Persia/Iran 💪
Highly doubt, Greece could ever provide that many troops. 20,000, plausible. 200,000 no way.
Coward Spartans. The Athenians had the courage that Spartans lacked. Pallas Athenai, not Ares, led the Greeks to victory.
Fyi the Persians viewed this as an expedition much like the US campaigns in Afghanistan or Iraq
These wars weakened us all(Persians, Romans, Greeks) and we still haven't learned from them. All these arabs, africans, jo0z, afghanis, etc are ruining our countries and we still refuse to unite.
athens looks so heroic during the persian wars, too bad they practically become supervillains during the Peloponnesian wars
Dont play war thunder unless u sure u can withstand the insanity
At Thermopylae, the Spartans bought time for the Hellenes and paid with a king.
At Plataea, they saved all Hellas, and changed the course of history
Giga chads greeks standing firm vs Turbo virgins persian/arabs yapping desesperaly
These greek warriors were in peak natural physical condition. Imagine being a Persian and ahead of you lies an army full of "ripped"(at least as much as possible for the time) beasts who want to protect their homeland. I would be intimidated since the battles then were face to face and not from distance with guns and i knew i would have to face their spears.
Most Greek soldiers where normal dudes that get drafted so they are in the same if maybe worse ( since they work in the town and not in the field ) physical condition than the pressian soldiers. Also the majority of this perssian army is greek.
The things that made the greek soldiers good was their dicipline and their armour which was the best at the time.
@@stefankatsarov5806 thats why i said as good as possible for the time. But there must have been between all this soldiers thousands of professional soldiers too. Even if they worked in the towns amd stuff back then people would still be in a good physical condition. I am just saying it would be intimidating as i think of it : "Persians lost when greeks were severally outnumbered( except Thermopylae where they suffered heavy casualties however) and now they face five or more times greeks than what they have faced before.
All people back then were in good shape but since greeks were into athleticism a bit more and had heavier armour they should also have had a bit stronger bodies to endure this armour. Maybe yes, the normal dudes were equal, but the pro soldiers i dont know about that.
Thanks for your comment though amd your accurate point.
@@Iceking_3334Thanks for the reply, and you made a good point about the armour and the more athletic focus by the men.
In Anabazis it was said that the perssians just skirmished and ran away from the greeks because they belived they are too strong. I guess these events did made a big impression.
110000 Greeks against 300000 Persian
Earth and Water
Alexander the Greek 🇬🇷🇬🇷
Thalis milisios teacher Pythagoras teacher socrates teacher platon teacher Aristotle teacher Alexander the Great
You shouldn't just believe whatever Herodotus wrote. His writings are more mythical than historical
our source isnt only herodotus
@@kingtryfon5702 That is exactly the problem
Modern estimates and historians are full of BS
it was 100k Greeks*
@@procrustes7669 49*
That thumbnail needs some work lol
Prikazni za mali deca
first 5 minutes and I'm already picking up errors.
Had you read extensively in order to prepare this video you'd know that Mardonius of platea was likely not the same as in Thrace in 492.
Also, you guys really did chose to stick by herodotus' numbers of the Greek army? No questions no critique? I mean, 5.000 spartans? maybe, but 35.000 helots? Im from Messenia myself, the population in 2020s stands at 170.000. Its just not possible. Herodotus really used the spartan Propaganda numbers. There's no way the whole of the Peloponnese city-states and Athens raised more than 40.000 combined.
You might as well had included the Persian numbers, in the millions.
The Persian wars was my first University assignment and I recall Herodotus as a fun read, but he's no serious historian. it only took a few modern books to make me question everything he said.
I like the effort you put into the channel but please read some more and, more importantly, dare to challenge the main narrative.
no you are not wrong but not right too the video says that there were 35000 helots and thats wrong there were 35.000 other greeks. in total the greek army at platea was 40k which is a believable number
Why is 5k Spartans not belivable?
@@jimmyandersson9938 the Spartans were the minority in Laconia. They were not indigenous and always short in numbers, a thing they braged about. Still, 5.000 isn't unfathomable with how much militarized of a society they were. They might as well had recruited all available males to campaign.
What bugs me is that a militarized society needs to eat and keep an economy rolling. Slaves were their solution, the helots, indigenous of messenia. Only they forbade them to carry arms. And now herodotus wants to believe that not only they armed them but also 7 times more than their own troops? The Spartans were paranoid regarding slave revolts. At best they used that manpower for support duties.
@@YiannissB. I think some of it make sense. Its a good solution to their problem, bringing the helots with them so they can keep an eye on them instead of worrying they'd come back to a burnt down Sparta and a rebellion while they are fighting Persia.
Even if armed and 7 times more, they have 0 training as you mention along with probably bad quality weapons, and other soldiers from allied city states that would aid Sparta if the Helots decided to fight them. Perhaps helots also prefered living under Spartan rule rather than Persia.
@@kingtryfon5702 You shoud have put that number in the video.
A few too many zeros for the Greeks in the first page wouldn’t you say?
The more I know about Sparta the more I dislike them.
The artwork is a bit off…
Youre NUTS ! the whole population of greek ! all the citystates where all together about 200;000 woman and childeren included! ! athens 10.000, Sparta maybe 10.000, and all citystates together maybe 10.000 .
The armie of the persians where 40.000 most of them was cav , Xerses have left in greece to complete the job...
You see to much movies bud
I dont know much about the population size, but a quick google and it says the combined population of the greek city states were between 1-2 million. Or are you telling me a region with a total population of 200k defeated the largest empire on earth with possible 25 million in population twice, and later with Macedon included took it over? Thats like Panama defeating the US.
@@jimmyandersson9938Hi, The total population of greece THAT TIME ( helots not included) was arround 250 a 300.000 MAX people of all states included. In the battle of Marathon the athenian army was 8000 men totaly. The problem is most historybooks where written long afther it all happend. So exact numbers where not available. The hoplites became the best warriors of the ancient world .Later Hoplites became the best exportproduct of greece.... I give lessons about the ancient times. From Creta to the middle ages. The mythologie of the greek is beautifull.... The romans copied them all and gived them other names.
For a start, there was not even 1 greek person, in this particular, time since Greece never exist. Greece: (OTTO THE FIRST AND THE ONLY ONE KING OF GREECE. German Bavarian: Otto Fredrich Ludwig von Bayern, 1 June 1815 - 26 July 1867 AD) was a first Bavarian Prince as a King who Ruled Greece from the establishment of the monarchy on 27 May 1832, under the Convention of London, until he was deposed on 23 October 1862. Prove me if I'm wrong. The history is gone up to shit.
First of all the first ruler of modern greece was kapodistrias not otto
@@naidetutureski9408 I wouldn't expect anything less from a man from Skopje.Your propaganda is the only weapon you got.No Greek people,is the worst nonsense in the world.Greece wasn't united those days but all those city-states were Greek.With this logic there was no Italy,no Spain,no Germany etc.All these countries were divided either in city-states in Italy or kingdoms in Spain and Germany.And of course Bavarian Otto wasn't the first ruler in modern Greece but governor Kapodistrias,the former minister of Russia.Not to mention that there were nany Greek Emperors in Eastern Roman Empire,the Byzantine Empire.So,take your bucket and go to another beach.Your lies have no power here