DNA and RNA - Transcription

#RNAtranscription #mRNA #RNA
SCIENCE ANIMATION TRANSCRIPT: Now, that we've covered DNA replication, let's talk about Transcription. The first thing you need to know is that transcription has nothing to do with cell replication processes, such as DNA replication, mitosis, or cell division. So what is transcription and why is it necessary? Well, transcription is the first step in the process of using the genetic code in DNA to synthesize or build all the different proteins in your body. One problem with synthesizing these proteins is that the instructions for making them are in the DNA, which is located inside the nucleus. But the place proteins are always made is outside the nucleus, either in the ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm, or in the ribosomes embedded in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. So, how does the genetic code for synthesizing proteins get from the DNA to the ribosome? DNA uses a messenger called messenger RNA or mRNA to carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome. The process of building this messenger RNA is called Transcription. Now, let's see how transcription happens. Transcription begins when an enzyme called RNA polymerase attaches to a segment of DNA called a gene. A gene contains the code to build a specific protein, which is a macromolecule made up of a sequence of amino acids in a specific order. And within a gene, the specific order of nitrogenous bases dictates the order of amino acids that will make up the protein. Each group of three consecutive bases in the gene is actually a code for a particular amino acid. As a result, each group is referred to as a codon. RNA polymerase causes a particular area of the DNA helix to unwind and separate into two strands. One of the strands, often called the template strand, is the side of DNA that is read or transcribed by the messenger RNA. The other strand of DNA, often called the non-template strand, isn't transcribed by the messenger RNA. So how are DNA instructions transcribed into messenger RNA? Well, using the template strand as a guide, RNA polymerase uses the base pair rule to assemble free nucleotides in the nucleus into a complementary strand of RNA. For example, RNA polymerase reads the DNA base thymine on the template strand then binds it to a free nucleotide containing adenine. This process continues with cytosine binding to guanine and guanine binding with cytosine. Remember though, RNA will never contain thymine. So, whenever RNA polymerase sees adenine on the DNA template strand, it pairs adenine with uracil. By using the template strand of DNA as a guide, the genetic code from the non-template strand of DNA has actually been transcribed into messenger RNA. When transcription is complete, the messenger RNA, which is small enough to fit through a nuclear pore, takes the genetic code out of the nucleus to the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis. The process of actually building the protein at the ribosome is called Translation, which we'll cover in a separate video. To summarize, transcription is the process of transcribing or copying the genetic code for building a protein into messenger RNA. A gene is a segment of DNA containing the instructions or code for building a protein. A codon is a group of three consecutive nitrogenous bases in a gene containing the code for a specific amino acid in a protein. RNA polymerase unwinds the strands of DNA in a gene. The template DNA strand contains the complementary bases that need to be read to generate messenger RNA. The base pair rule is followed when assembling messenger RNA. Messenger RNA is actually a copy of the DNA non-template strand with uracil substituted for thymine.
NSV16039

[@HanInHarmony]

This has been one of the most informative, helpful videos I have ever seen. Thank you!

[@MartaAnderson-ly5hf]

Your videos on DNA, RNA & protein synthesis are SAVING my life in A&P class, thank you for making this so much easier to understand!!

[@lcdp9459]

Quick and simple! Thank you so much. This was very much appreciated. 💛

[@user-zz7nz1ox6m]

احب أهنئك علا هاذة الشرح الجميل المفصل شرح سريع وباقل وقت وهاذي الي جنت محتاجتة شكراً جزيلاً لك 😊

[@jennyle5256]

RIP 😪 you helped me through my years in highschool and without you, i wouldn't even know where to start. RIP young soul😢👼

[@darkg5103]

He died?

[@Paperclip718]

Oh no!!!! 😢

[@alemkonyaknaga1234]

Any link of his dead

[@vartikaaae]

what???

[@debalinasarkar3936]

What happened?

[@AIAA.xyz.4]

You made things so simple and clear literally I'm mind blown?? I'm going to go around recommending this video to everyone. Thank you so much

[@user-zz7nz1ox6m]

صراحة احب أهنئك شرح جميل مفصل يوصل الفكرة وبأقل وقت وهاذة الي جنت محتاجتة اني شكراً جزيلاً لك 😊

[@assassin_0147]

Great video. One small thing you missed is that the mRNA formed through transcription receieves a cap of 7-methylguanosine and tail recieves poly-A at the end of the process to protect it from nuclease and phosphatase enzymes in the cytoplasm, after which it goes for translation by ribosomes and tRNA

[@michaelhumphreys9671]

I teach HS biology for 23 years now, and have used many average to good videos (low complexity) about this process, but his one in now the Best! Thank you for making it (and the DNA one). Are you going to create the Translation one (like I think you mentioned)?

[@Radhekrishnn07]

We can easily understand biology with animations thank you so much for uploading this intrested videos

[@saymabagwan8531]

Plz make more videos of biology
Plz don't stop😢
It's very helpful for us

[@C_my_community_posts]

Thank you so much 🥰🥰
Keep uploading such videos ❤️
May God bless you 🙏

[@aquibali5444]

Please post video of translation also
This series is very much helpful 💗☺️

[@patriciaberge3145]

This video is helpful to use in my class. Do you have a separate Translation video as well?

[@sydneesatcher8808]

Literally helped me so much. I have a college Bio Quiz tomorrow and I don't have time to read all the notes tonight. I also have to study for a chem exam tomorrow as well. This vid was fast, simple, and super helpful. Thank you!!!

[@aasaid69]

this is so useful that it needs a translation. Good job with the video

[@wildmuffinx7119]

Your videos have inspired me and helped me so much in the subject of science!!

[@sage1799]

You saved my day!!! thank you!!!

[@healthylifewellness]

We need more videos ... your videos are very helpful for us please make more

[@sulochanahiremath8826]

Your videos are Literally awesome.....we never forget concept!!!
Plss do make a video of all the chapters of class 11th biology like this so it would really help us a lot.....
Isn't it guys???? If yes pls do like..👍🏼

[@khatimuauwal5442]

Thank you very. Please provide DNA TRANSLATION as you promised in this video. God bless you

[@hardeepkaur1957]

Your videos are so helpful to me
Thankyou so much .

[@AliMuhammad-bk2ml]

Plz make more videos regularly..your video are amazing and ver easy to understand

[@lxveemily]

wonderful video! so easy to understand thank you!

[@victor7100]

Thank you so much,literal life saver💗

[@carolina_couto11]

Hi, I’d really appreciate a video of translation too. This series are very well done and much helpful 👏🏼

[@ashleyfrizzell9654]

Yes! I was looking for it too!

[@studylife2918]

Thankyou so much
Please keep making these videos

[@AyshaManzoor-ip3qe]

Thankyou, very simply explained

[@breadiva7205]

These videos are lifesavers

[@sidahmedsido-he9ke]

than you استاذي شكرا جزيلا algeria

[@PlaXer]

bro this the best channel ever fr

[@saadmantwaha6003]

Thank you ❤

[@sudeepadhikari4454]

*Love you Nucleus Biology*

[@pwkearjunas769]

This is my favourite channel❤️❤️

[@wanpyndapbiangnongrang1041]

Thank you very much for uploading
One request from my side can you please explain in details for the topic of xylem and phloem

[@user-tj1ef3zh4h]

we want more videos and quizzes based on biology ncert 🙏 ❤️ Love from India

[@sonukr8743]

#️⃣Great job.👍& a lots of thanks for it's.🙏 Please make a video on how to cell receptors works for binding of any drugs molecules.🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@itsmeayansheikh]

Hey, I am waiting for the translation video🙋🏻‍♂️

[@drknockboot]

Where is translation

[@BioBloom10M]

Well done❤

[@pathirajamanike4973]

Thank you soooo much ❤❤❤

[@asadrazascienceteacher5705]

Greatest one

[@JanetAbwooli]

Thank you so much

[@shanayakhan4145]

❤️❤️ tnk you so much sir such good and easy teach for us love from India

[@hd-lb5rn]

THANK YOU🔥🔥🔥

[@Surbhie__]

Thank you so much 😊❤

[@nikhy6762]

TSM SIR

[@gohulgohul6000]

Pulle

[@basic_ptat6593]

Teaching me what i didnt understand or pay attention to during class

[@adeenaaijaz9987]

Mindblowing ❤

[@ricardobiogeo]

Isn't there a video from the same collection about protein translation?

[@user-kf7gg9wg5m]

Thank you so much but please talk more about genetic code 🙏

[@tserenpurevbat-oyun278]

Please make a lesson again😢
Your lesson is very helpful

[@secretstudygoal6066]

Please make a video on"fine structure of gene"

[@Harsh_pokimon.18]

Thank you sir 🙏✌️

[@lenociniis6916]

Thank uuuuuu sooooo muchhhhhhh I love this channel ❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@healthylifewellness]

Please make a video on bioenergetics, enzymes.... please

[@HaiderAli-nw1dr]

From where do you get this animation
Could you please tell me about animation making

[@anshuranjan6521]

@ Nucleus Biology, I want to ask that if uracil comes in place of thyamine in transcription process, does it not affect the code?

[@mist9100]

hi i need that translation explanation thank you i love your videos they are very clear and easy to understand ❤

[@katsay9103]

Love the simple explanation. DNA translation please😊

[@Maheshpanwar]

Keep it up you're best doing.

[@iamjest21]

I can't seem to find the vidoe of Translation here in this channel. Please help

[@Nih-Shabd]

Nice info 👍

[@threeds9766]

Do you have separate video for translation?

[@anitaamissah59]

Special ❤

[@sara.m6059]

God bless you

[@imcrazy007]

Please comeback sir❤😢

[@zaidmajeed5292]

what software they used for such fascinating videos. anyone know that?

[@Amantarasa]

Pls make more video about genetic

[@Roxanne10370]

Thank you👍👍

[@danalawdenski3940]

I would love to use this video to help reinforce this content when I teach to my classroom, but you've made your video unavailable off of UA-cam! So sad...

[@NEkka-wd4oh]

Please make videos in bioinformatics

[@user-td6so6wc9z]

thanks

[@MuskanMuskan-co1hc]

Please make more videos sir why you stopped making animations

[@safa5722]

You are perfect 👍🏻

[@mustafafadhil5124]

You made me understood two hours lecturer in five minutes

[@noor_alkurdy_]

جزاک الله خیرا

[@user-br3ug2vr9f]

I teach virtually and I would love to use your video in my canva presentations during class and embed it in D2L so that students who cannot access youtube can still watch it. Is this possible?

[@dishajharaniya4915]

Please sir can you give more videos 🙏

[@Abdur.Rahman-Raju]

Thanks

[@jennifergervacio6521]

Thank you you are so smart :DNA RNA

[@MoradAlemdar-rn9nm]

شكرا

[@sherridaniels]

Wow this was amazing

[@retardedhero4419]

no

[@ahmedosama9004]

Perfect

[@JavanKibet-lv7kw]

. THANKS ALOT

[@lauragordon6414]

What are the green globs that are carrying the codons?

[@generalgrievous9495]

I need you
Why you stopped making videos

[@nareshkumari7142]

Plz make video on translation

[@bhanuTomar.]

Nice

[@leynettepearldeleon6257]

I was scanning all your videos to find translation but there's none :(

[@jeanmoise9570]

All these processes are present identically in some properties of the numbers systems

[@semanur9380]

My God, I have been a student for 12 years and I finally found the monitoring slides I wanted, but there is no Turkish translation. This is so crazy. I will cry 🙄🤧

[@2023anac]

The non-template strand is the one complementary to the RNA oo

[@user-cv5px3bl1m]

Translation Please!!!! These videos rule!!!

[@farougshiyab]

Nice and informative video but what we have learnt that the enzyme Helicase is responsable for the unwinding of DNA double helix.

[@2023anac]

that is for DNA replication

[@aliseifikarian64]

I go for it

[@arianagowda3992]

Do you have a Translation video?

[@redraprs8828]

thanks 0:10

[@lanem455]

U said at 2:36 that the template strand is the one being transcribed then at 5:25 u said that mRNA is a copy of the non-template strand how come?

[@leehyeri9863]

We need info about blood transport 😭

[@user-tj1ef3zh4h]

Oh sir, it's been six months, not a single video came, did you all sleep??