Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2019)
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- Опубліковано 19 вер 2024
- Transcription Made Easy- From DNA to RNA (2018)
DNA TRANSLATION : • DNA Translation Made Easy
DNA REPLICATION: goo.gl/PHJBkz
DNA STRUCTURE : goo.gl/D6cNoM
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Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a DNA sequence is read by an RNA polymerase, which produces a complementary, antiparallel RNA strand called a primary transcript.
Transcription proceeds in the following general steps:
RNA polymerase, together with one or more general transcription factors, binds to promoter DNA.
RNA polymerase creates a transcription bubble, which separates the two strands of the DNA helix. This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides.
RNA polymerase adds RNA nucleotides (which are complementary to the nucleotides of one DNA strand).
RNA sugar-phosphate backbone forms with assistance from RNA polymerase to form an RNA strand.
Hydrogen bonds of the RNA-DNA helix break, freeing the newly synthesized RNA strand.
If the cell has a nucleus, the RNA may be further processed. This may include polyadenylation, capping, and splicing.
The RNA may remain in the nucleus or exit to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex.
Transcription of a gene takes place in three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. Here, we will briefly see how these steps happen in bacteria. You can learn more about the details of each stage (and about how eukaryotic transcription is different) in the stages of transcription article.
Initiation. RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNA called the promoter, found near the beginning of a gene. Each gene (or group of co-transcribed genes, in bacteria) has its own promoter. Once bound, RNA polymerase separates the DNA strands, providing the single-stranded template needed for transcription.
Elongation. One strand of DNA, the template strand, acts as a template for RNA polymerase. As it "reads" this template one base at a time, the polymerase builds an RNA molecule out of complementary nucleotides, making a chain that grows from 5' to 3'. The RNA transcript carries the same information as the non-template (coding) strand of DNA, but it contains the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
Termination. Sequences called terminators signal that the RNA transcript is complete. Once they are transcribed, they cause the transcript to be released from the RNA polymerase
Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs must have their ends modified, by addition of a 5' cap (at the beginning) and 3' poly-A tail (at the end).
Many eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo splicing. In this process, parts of the pre-mRNA (called introns) are chopped out, and the remaining pieces (called exons) are stuck back together.
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Watched them as college student,
Now watching them as med student....these things never leave us alone🙃
Seeing it for NEET PG prep now 😂
The name MEDSimplified suits your videos because you have really simplified difficult topics in the most effective way. Good job. keep up the good work!!
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omg, this is a life saver. I have spent two days trying to understand this subject and you made it so easy. THANK YOU!
Happy to hear it helped! Keep watching for more helpful content!
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I'm in B.pharm 2nd year
My exam is tomorrow but i couldn't understood any of the biochem topics in my class,but now u have saved my ass by making things so simpler.
Thank You a lot
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Hello Kaustav. I am very glad u liked my content and it was helpful. Thank u so much for the appreciation
wow man im in year 11 I have to learn this also lol
poda myre
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They r just animations and not real
@@prranilekshmi5763 He literally had commented 2 years ago!
I don't even know anymore
Just animation bro
It's animation.idiot
Your channel is really very useful for me !! Whenver I study bio first thing I do is watching your videos it makes me to understand concepts better
I can grasp the the concept easily in here as you make the concept much easier to understand. I wish my lecturer watches this and learns his lesson!!!
You just smplified a quiet tough topic I first time understand actually what the transcription is
Keep it up
Jazak Allah
Thankk you so much
@@MEDSimplified could you plz mention translation video link?
@@amnazafar6304 ua-cam.com/video/QcBYTA7uVXk/v-deo.html
@@amnazafar6304 ua-cam.com/video/QcBYTA7uVXk/v-deo.html There you go !
Very well done! First video I have found that straightened out the directionality of mRNA and the template DNA strand.
Thank u so much u😊 actually increased my interest towards this topic🤩
I am so glad😁😁😁
before watching ur video transcription process was hell difficult for me but now its a right hand job...jazakallah khair
BRO I DONT KNOW HOW TO FREAKING THANK YOU!! I DIDNT GET MOST OF THE POINTS CLEARLY BEFORE BUT EVERYTHING IS CLEARED! I SUBSCRIBED RIGHT AWAY.
Btw my lecturer recommended your channel
Great video! Got into the finer details that other videos tend to skip over (ex: visualising the RNA Pol binding to the template strand and moving from the 5' to 3' direction) while still being concise! Thank you!!
Thank you so much am a med student and your videos really help accelerating my speed in studies...!!
Thank you so much, my bio test is in 1 hour and you literally saved my A in the class.
"Okk dude! Job done" was the best😂
Bilkul shi
Yes😂
I have watched several of your videos, and I truly find these explanations to be concise. I also love the illustrations... very appealing indeed! All around commendable effort.
Some simplification led to confusion. The genes are usually shown on the coding (non-template strand) in 5' to 3' direction, because you want to see the ATG start codon, the stop codon. Here you show them on the template (non-coding) strand where the promoter is down-stream of the gene. I suggest to keep the coding strand there to show the analogy between coding DNA sequence and transcribed RNA sequence. The rest was very good. Thanks
This was so easy to understand. Thank you so much!! you're a life saver 💕
No doubt, you literally made every complicated topic simple.
U are quite good looking
Your way of teaching is tantalizing ✨
Never knew I had to refer such amazing vdos even in engineering, thank you for saving me in biology exam!
This is great as always! Can’t wait for the translation video! xx
Hey. Thank u so much for the support. Translation videos will be uploaded soon too
Also waiting
The comparison of publishing book with the completion of Pre mRNA to a mature one was superb! Best way to explain 😃😃🙏🙏🙏
Thanks a lot
i was having so much trouble understanding the process during my online classes but this video seriously made the whole concept crystal clear. Thanks a lot😀🙌🏼
bro are in 12th
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THIS WAS SO HELPFUL THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR HARD WORK!! I'M SHARING THIS WITH ALL OF MY BIO FRIENDS!!
To be honest I love the way u teach tomorrow is my exam n u r my only hope ❤
It is amazing how you explain it, so simply. I have subscribed. awesome job!!
Amazing, Amazing and Amazing. Million times better than my college teacher. You're a savior
Best video explaining transcription I have come so far on UA-cam !
Great video! Perfect for us learning the basics.
Excellent explanation! Good use of the technology which was simplified. Good sketches and very neatly presented
This video Saved me from the fear of my exam🙇♀️❤️
Wasted hour for understanding translation and transcription but found these beautiful explain in best and short way
The one behind the video ur a great personality bro
I love you, you just saved my exams
Superb explanation...GREAT animation and cheery on the top was the crisp comic relief at 5:18
Thanks 😊.It really helped me. To love the topic first you have to understand the topic and this video made it so easier for me to understand.... again thank you
Great work sir💯..Your videos are very helpful during exams🥰..
The useful thing I found in 2023 is this channel ^_^
dude thanks so much, this allowed me to finish a school assignment and this was a life saver. :)
An absolute pleasure to watch. Explained it quite well!
P.S. The 'Terminator' part was witty
This video made this topic interesting
Your voice is really mesmerising
Great explanation - very informative and easy to understand.
Very informative and understandable video
Thank you for providing such a useful and comprehensive data
Amazing explaination such a hard topic cleared forever in just 7 minutes amazing job! Guys😇🤘
It is simplified though...
I really appreciate your effort thanks a lot.
very effective way of teaching . Definitely will support you
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Thank you sooo much, you are my saviour for my Exam today 🤗
Adding that Terminator meme was surprisingly good haha, it will help me remember now. please add some more relatable memes in upcoming videos, makes it more interesting (i'm not a biochemistry student but your videos help me understand these topics out of my language that my brain cannot comprehend.) Thank you so much.
Very very nice video for understanding the process easily, thank you sir
Thank u soo much .
Too difficult to understand initially after watching this vedio it become soo easy .
yeah you explained in very effective way
Please, allow community contributions so that we can add proper captions. Many institutions require proper captions. Great videos. Congrats and thanks.
You're awesome dude!
You saved my time and just made it like a sweet dish recipe!
So easy...thanks...please please make more videos on biology...best wishes for you
Better than my online classes...... BTW thank u
great explanation i subbed because lowkey this was helpful
Thank u so much i appreciate your support
Brilliant video!! It can’t be simplified further. Thank you .
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... ... ... Just try to slow down when you are talking by dear. Great job!
Thankyou
You saved my biology presentation
You are very welcome
The RNA polymerase should be attached on both strand not only on template strand, bt RNA transcription occurs in 5'to3' direction on 3'to5' DNA strand making as a template strand which is complementary to newly synthesized RNA strand and the othr DNA strand is sence or coding strand ..
No
Thank u so much tomorrow I have exam this is so helpful
omg !!!!!!,,,never found a good explanation like this !!!!!!!!!!!!! u r just awesome!!! ty so much
Thankkkkkkkk you so muchh buddyyyy you just made this crystal clear . Ty again ❤️❤️. It's seriously so satisfying to understand this like this.
I feel you
Literally such diagrams are enough to clear the complexity of topics!
that is nucleotides which is added to form mature RNA not amino acids (video @ 6:37)
The best youtube channel ive ever seen from 7 years of using this stupid youtube...🐸
Please continue
One of the best explanation so far, thanks!
well explained!! you have simplified it nicely and wonderful graphics!!subscribed😀
Well explained... Helped me to revise concepts. Also nice way to explain👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Well explained sir thank you
Amazing video with amazing presentation .sir u have great knowledge. Thanks a lot to make this so easy.
5:23 lol terminator😂. I like your sense of humor
actually Rnap cannot recognize the promoter region so it needs proteins called Gfts which form a complex and direct the Enzyme
Thank you so much for this much easy and informative video
This channel vedios are perfect! Thank you soo much !
best for overview before going into details. downloaded.will help me remeber the stuff to broaden describe the details. precise and concise. thankyou sir. sir need more videos in mol. bio and genetics. covering almost all topics from watson. even the overview video will work best like this one. delivery- clear (Y) :-)
Thank you so much for this video❤️ helped me a lot for my exams❤️
your drawings are next level.
explained in a very simplified way, a big thumbs up.
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Very well done!! Superb explanation!
I have my bio midterm and i needed a quick recap this heloed a lit!
This video is very amazing I understood all the process and I have to give a speech on this thank you
Watching before examsss it covers everything
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Thanks so much, your videos are awesome and helpful
Thank you for explaining in a simple way
Amazing way of explaining such a difficult topic
Completely helped me out.. thanks alot! Video was very helpful!
But brother
The newly synthesised strand is Template strand
And the strand of DNA on which the RNA Polymerase was coding for the template strand was coding strand
Template stand is in 5'to3' direction
Very useful🙂👍
thank you, wonderful explanation
Transcription seems to be easy now... Thank you so much
Thank you so much. God is good.
really mindblowing videos u r having for
molecular basis of inheritance