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Talking With Attenborough
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- Опубліковано 4 лис 2016
- Watch the Planet Earth II trailer: • Planet Earth II: Offic...
*The series will be broadcast on BBC One in the UK this Sunday at 8pm and on BBC America from January 28th*
The Kauaʻi ʻōʻō: en.wikipedia.o...
For more on langauge-origin theories, this book is very good: www.amazon.com...
music from
/ jakechudnow
and www.audionetwor...
Thanks for celebrating the natural world with us Michael!
Amazing
Thank you for bringing it so it can be celebrated
BBC Earth I love your channel
I love David Attenborough voice its soothing and it calms you down after a hard day
BBC Earth David Attenborough is amazing I love the BBC
That Kaua'i 'Ō 'Ō bird singing into the void is the saddest and most surreal thing I've heard in a long time.
Manchease Skrelpher i was thinking the same thing. imagine being the last of your kind, that's heartbreaking.
that means no more taxes. Yay!
teared me up
Manchease Skrelpher I bet it was so kawaii
Manchease Skrelpher and it wouldn't be surprising finding out if we had anything to do with the extinction
Michael: "Do you have advice for younger science communicators?"
Attenborough: "I dont think i have any advice...Im still learning...its a very presumptuous person who starts handing out advice."
...A 90 year old acclaimed film maker.
Who else is this humble?
Daniel Greenwalt Drax, he, too, is extraordinarily humble
Kendrick Lamar
Kanye.
@@burbanpoison2494 🤣
Chris Eubank Snr. Thinks he is...
I feel Sir David Attenborough is an endling, no one could ever replace him and what he's done for the study of natural world
Or is he?
@@Hanmieson I get it 😂
Sorry to be that guy but technically you say Sir David
@@beefjerkythesecond nope, you're quite right...changed :)
@@MichaelMyers66793 !
"It's a male calling for a mate that will never come."
That's my whole life right there
Ansel Pierson hi annoying dog
Yofef hi im toby fox
Ansel Pierson don't care
Ansel Pierson your profile picture shows that perfectly
Stfu
Such a thought provoking video Michael! It was a pleasure to bring two legends together!
BBC Earth Unplugged Hi BBC you guys make the best nature programs :3
BBC Earth Unplugged Michael doesn't pay a TV license.
I'm baffled by the 500 people who disliked the video :S
BBC Earth Unplugged how do you know something goes extinct how do you know some are not still out their?
We never do. It's a matter of falsification principles. As long as we cannot prove that there isn't a particular example of a species out there, we can never deem it as extinct, it's all based on observation.
The Kauai 'o'o story at the beginning is really chilling... even the song itself sounds kind of haunting. It sounds like the bird itself was scared, as if it somehow knew it was the last one left. I can't imagine what it must feel like to be the only one left.
thats so incredibly sad. there was a reverb added to it to give it that haunting effect but if you think about it it was just singing out of habit it still lived a very filling life. That o'o bird did have a mate in 1980. I loved and lost and after it was the only one left it had a "new normal" it learned to live amongst the other birds for years. Still doing it's call but I do not think it felt a lone or sorrow. I think it just did its best with what it had
If you look at it from a different aspect, the last sound that species made was a dude trying to get his nuts off.
"The most wonderful thing about tiggers is that I'm the only one. I'm... the only one."
Projecting human emotions and characteristics onto animals is the weirdest thing tbh. Birds have no concept of existence, they don't even know they exist lmao.
@@sn98886You do realize that feeling lonely isn't just a human characteristic right? Birds can feel lonely aswell especially since they are very social animals and I'm sure that bird felt lonely which could have also made it sad/scared
So... I think we saw the purpose for human life explained in this video...
Time for me to get started.
We are in an inenviable position.
We have the power to be the dictators or the custodians of this planet.
Do we want to be abusers, or a loving partner?
@@peterclarke7240 truly
@@peterclarke7240do we live early enough in history to decide
@@Pope_Rural_I5184 Yep. It's very possibly too late for us. But life will go on, even after we've screwed the job up so badly we can't survive.
"We spend our entire lives, alive."
-Michael 2016
Inspired
Remote Films You heard it here first.
Remote Films stfu
Jamie Long Nobody thinks your trolling is funny. You're wasting your time.
I don't know why he said that. It's more of a reason for us to lack the understanding rather than having it. If we've never experienced contrast to life then how could we easily distinguish them?
Attenborough fucking legend
Urgh IK!!his voice is so urghhhhhh BEAUTIFUL
I read that in a Scottish accent.
thats *sir* david attenborough to you. dont act too familiar you peasant.
Igor Jovicevic-Jov Yep, one of the greatest of all time...
Or David "Attenbro"
.... I FUCKING HATE AMERICANS!
Two incredible humans together. I've watched Attenborough from when I was a kid up until now and I began watching Vsauce when the channel had around 1000 subscribers, so I feel very privileged to be experiencing this moment.
If David Attenborough popped up in my window with a camera while I was getting it on, I'd probably be alright with it
Dude same, especially if he narrates it with his spectacular commentary, I mean come on that's a once in a century love making session
Would make a great pick up line in a bar!
It would only be 30 seconds of film for me 😔
I met David Attenborough once, and he is every bit as interesting and as insightful as he appears here, even without cameras. Perhaps even more so. What a legend of broadcasting!
E. R. E. Jones That's good to hear. I have a huge admiration for Sir David. Nice to know it isn't all for the cameras.
E. R. E. Jones I met him once and he touched my swimsuit area :(
D.C what?
D.C that was just a dream you had
Banana rule number one on the internet: don't waste your time on 12 year olds
That Kaua'i bird singing in the beginning of the video got me all emotional and shit.
HAhaHA Geo!
My Reviews they could at least have jacked the poor thing off for it.
Shadow Ranger j
My Reviews
it's eerie.
My Reviews yes
7:08 I love when he leans in you can really tell he loves this
Props to Michael for keeping his cool in what was probably one of the most astonishing things to happen in his life at the time. Film promotion or otherwise, getting a chance to have insightful conversation with Attenborough is really a remarkable opportunity.
Hello
That man is a legend. It would be an honor if I could ever talk to him.
Wanna hear some spit facts?
Chef Enthusiast Hey, that's pretty good.
Palinghufter Hey did you know his brother is in Jurassic Park?!
Ted "Zodiac" Cruz I have clinical depression
Admiral Ackbar Oh really? No I didn't know that.
Isn't this the best channel of all? It's entertaining, clever, it teaches you while making you laugh, just perfect
Agustín L Especially when we get a new video every 4 months! FeelsGoodMan
Kindergarten Dropout Lol, in my country we say "what's good comes at last" (that's my quite poor translation though)
Agustín L Whats good is what comes every tuesday nights on 10pm
Kindergarten Dropout
Is it...
Is it you?
Timothy Spence no.
Damn, can you imagine actually meeting him in person? David is so lucky to have met the spit-fact guy in real life
Dude 😂
That poor little bird, saddest shít I've ever heard
David Attenborough is a wonderful man. Great job, Michael--congratulations on the insightful interview!
First reply and it's been 2 whole years . And tons of likes
@@Adam-yu1dv second reply 2 years and 1 month
@@Adam-yu1dv | Yeah, I aways find it quite weird when comments have a few hundred likes and no comments. Maybe not too much to add, but someone surely has something they would like to add, right?
@@randomguy263 yes I agree
Random Guy woof
4:21 and I quote Sir David Attenborough "I am still learning" that is deep. This guy has spent decades in this field and still says he is learning.
Dona Collins pretty sure he doesnt know how to stop
Christopher Johnson wouldnt want him to stop either
everybody is learning always, even when you are sleeping.
He could be lying.
Noone ever does and this guy David Springs, he knows his shit!
Sir David Attenborough. A true national treasure. 🇬🇧
Nah, celebrities are a national treasure. That man is an international treasure
it fascinated me to see the exact moment when david really began to talk about what he love, and began to educate michael on things. i love them both and this interaction is amazing
The opening was dark, tugged a heart string.
yeah well that opening sounds like my life
I hope the human race will wake up and stop destroying stuff. The sad thing is people who think that humans are better will realise the beauty of nature when its all gone :(
All Things Wildlife You're right.. plus idk why do the people save animals from freezing in a lake or being depredated... just think in the depredators that now have no food for their children nor themselves... plus letting it drown or freeze it's not bad for the nature... it is the natural selection doing it's process.
If its not a cute panda most people won't care, its the sad truth
Yeah... 😥😔
That Kaua'i 'Ō 'Ō singing is really sad, just imagine being the last of your kind calling out for others and hearing nothing, must be scary.
how do you write Kaua'i 'Ō 'Ō?
I copied and pasted a "Ō" and typed it in
This Guy you just did
bound to happen to us someday
Reminds me a bit of humanity's attempts to communicate with aliens
"It's a male calling for a mate that will never come."
Story of my life.
Someone copied your comment a year later and got 98 more likes ☠
That ending music and his final messages on videos like this are so amazing that I sometimes start to tear up.
Same! I really recommend Rare Earth for something equally hard hitting
The very first Vsauce episode which tries to capture my heart instead of explode my brain
i watched em all almost and i can say that theres more like this
I hope us humans will wake up and stop destroying stuff, the sad thing is that people will only realise the beauty of nature when its all gone :(
@@AsadAli-jc5tg Hi, Asad. How are you doing after 3 years??
@@thewolverine7516 Worse, thanks for mentioning me. I just deleted that stupid comment.
@@AsadAli-jc5tg oh sorry , hope you prosper in whatever you do
David Attenborough is 90...wow!
PasteyWhiteboy He's also dead
PasteyWhiteboy Don't worry he's fine.
Elemental not yet
fuck off that with comment elemental
Jak Munro-Cox woah
as a prehistoric planet enjoyer i very much love David attenborough
David Attenborough is probably my favourite broadcaster of all time. He has been a very big part of some of the best television in my whole lifetime. Modern photography techniques are also absolutely breathtaking and show us things we could only dream of seeing only a few years ago.
Holy f*ck, that beginning. Existential feelings coming early.
daedra40 Yeah
I hope we don’t create too many more endlings like that ,we’ve done more than enough damage already
Sadly, we create endlings everyday.
99% of earths species have gone extinct
It was surprisingly sad, but i imagined a trap type beat over it and it sounded amazing. Wouldn’t it be cool to make a song from the song of an extinct bird
I like how Micheal is sitting in the chair, legs crossed, and all steady and engaged. And then there's Attenborough, melting in his seat lol.
Oh my god that description "melting in his seat" I'm dead like I actually laughed my ass off
Guitarmaster7272 sir David Attenborough is a pro at this, that's why
Oliver Ashton He's just very old and doing a promotional interview he probably doesn't give many fucks about.
It shows the 2 different personalities of 2 legends
He's David Attenborough, he can do whatever he wants
Cant believe im so late to finding this this is so amazing love david i can listen to him speak all day long
Why you so fucking late bro??
It's going to be a sad, sad day when Attenborough passes. Such an amazing human being and a gift to humanity.
man this shit made me break into tears in less than a minute.
lol was about to type that
I cried
Couldn't agree more with you! :(
is something you will never see
Is much better at everything including insults than you
This man is a living legend. Please don't ever die.
I guess you have not seen the news. R.I.P
Taylur 41 sir David Attenborough is still alive. His brother died two years ago
+Malte Mejlstrup This reminds me of the Vsauce video on 'going missing' that mentioned mistaking someone's death for someone else's. Which I watched just 2 videos before this.
Is the internet on to me?
2 videos as in binge watch style.
Britains number one national treasure
I genuinely thought this was a new upload but realised it was uploaded 6 years ago
Vsauce could you talk about meditation in a video. It interests me
No
Ansel Pierson ok "*Vsauce*"
Ansel Pierson and there we have it
He talks about science
Mister Fanzy Not pseudo science
The bird, that's so sad, idkw, that really got to me
Yeah I felt really bad :( Poor bird
I hope us humans will stop destroying and killing things, the sad thing is that some people will only recognise the beauty of nature when its all gone :(
lol mosquito's malaria made it extinct not humans
It's time to destroy mosquitoes then
logan denis
I wasn’t too sad because I already knew about that story. It’s our fault.
huh how have i never seen this vid before
Fr man, I've seen basically all vsauce videos but I've never seen this one
Micheal: Attenbro
British: Attenbruh
Addenborgh, worse than attenbruh
dad
A'enbruh* you mean
@@meadandmilk no, the correct pronunciation of Attenborough is "at-en-buh-ruh", like Edinburgh is prounounced "ed-in-buh-ruh".
@@idot3331 r/woosh
The story about the Kauaʻi ʻōʻō bird was very impactful. That moment is probably one of the best moments that has been on this channel in its history, in my opinion.
No
i cried
Haunting and beautiful, yet mournful and saddening. I have to wonder if it was largely our fault that such a bird vanished from the earth. It's a shame, considering it's such a nice sounding call.
The sad thing is people will only realise the beauty of nature when its all gone, that is why I'm starting my channel, to preserve nature :(
Oooo you senti!
Attenborough. I could stay here listening to his voice until the end of the world. Doesn't even matter what he's talking about.
Alan watts has the same affect listen to him
+Luis Fernandez
Yesss I listen to Alan Watts almost every night before I go to sleep. His voice is so soothing.
You could say, till the extinction of humans perhaps
MrGilRoland Even if he's talking about how he was about to murder you?
How have I never seen this video until today?
the start gave me chills, i have a big fear of the unknown and death, and just hearing the sound of that bird while getting told that "all of them are dead... its calling for a mate that will never come... its calling for everyone else but no one is there... all alone"
Michael, as soon as I hear that you have created a video I immediately drop everything to see what it was. I love everything you create, you brilliant bald science man!
JustPlay247 you're just trying to get views
Thing is he hasn't said he was holding a tiny puppy. Now he needs to get a new one after watching this video.
Me too!!!!!!! Haha I got immediately excited
Mugh Hungus
Unless you're running Service Pack 3. I was born after that and I get nightmares. 98 was better than 95, and any would be better than ME and Vista. But I agree that normal XP was good. I have a computer with 8.1, but whenever I get the chance, I go full Ubuntu. I have a computer beside me running 98, and another one with XP, and I was shocked to learn that the 98 didn't have wifi, and the XP did, but the particular computer didn't have a wifi reciever.
same here!
Hey Vsauce, why do we hate our own voices?
cause the way you hear your voice in your head is different from a recording, I don't hate my voice anymore cause I have made a lot of videos with me talking so I'm used to hearing my voice.
I'm guessing you used google translate.
Dead what?
Reborn to be Wilddd referring to "Иван Никишев"
Keep at it. You'll master this strange language one day if you put your mind to it.
"what would you say defines life?"
"dunno"
This video is a world treasure
i've never clicked a video so fast
+
McInHeather +
Copy, paste, copy, paste, COPY, PASTE! COPYPASTEAAAAAHHHHHCOPYPASTELÖAKJSDÖFLKJAF
McInHeather sad life then
I like to click on these videos and piss people off in the comments
My heart melts for that lonely bird who never finds his mate :(
Playster forever alone birdie
It makes you feel, yeah
Feels bad man
Mikey Reid : MS paint like my ginger mate
.jpg
watching David Attenborough lean forward energetically with interest made me happy, like "he's a cool guy"
Attenborough is one-of-a-kind, and still productive at age 96 (in 2023.) He had a short series on plants on PBS a few months ago.
Earth is the best planet in the world.
-Has been to about 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001% of planets in the universe.
-Decides that this planet is the best there is.
*Facepalm
+Morpheas768 processing...
morpheas768 I think you didn't get the joke
idiot
UNESCO certified
Hey! Vsauce. Michael here. But, how many atoms are in the human body? Well, let's start with the number of calories in a BigMac.
It's 563 calories (at least where I am from)
Rafael Esteva he said atoms not calories. Before you reply make sure you actually read what someone put before you say anything.
***** I meant calories
Labraskion ha
Labraskion - lmao so true
How have I not known about this video till now!
When I was five years old I sent a letter to David Attenborough asking if there's lions in other places than Africa and he personally sent me an answer
...there's lions in India too apparently.
Avid The Gir Forest.
Avid Yh I bet
I would pass out
They're pretty neat (I've been to the gir sanctuary) but have extremely low numbers. It's pretty sad.
Yea asiatic lions. They were present in southern Europe and Middle East too until around Roman times
90 years old and is that lucid. One of the reasons is that he still has ambition of learning stuff, he says he´s still learning, he has no arrogance. Learn from him, fellas
I feel like Sir David Attenborough saying "I'm still learning" is a deeply poignant and rapidly discarded statement, but an intense and vital thing to adhere to.
The idea that you can never stop learning.
This someday soon, will be seen as a time capsule for this wonderful man.
Attenborough is the biggest inspiration to anybody on this Earth. No matter who you are he makes it feel as though you are there with him, and I am incredibly greatful to be alive at the same time as him. Forever a legend.
Joe Gregory hmmm🤔.... no
Joe Gregory unless you don't speak English ....
James Lightbourne hahah that is true 😂😂
why?
2 videos in one month? What is happening? *Is this heaven?*
Suicide?
No escape from reality?
***** Hell yeah mate
28th September
5th November
Since when were September and November the same month?
✧ Sanguinary Jontron did 2 videos this week
7:03 being a citizen of the netherlands: in the name of my ancestors my apologies for dodo extemination
David Attenborough is an international TREASURE.
What a humble, wise, and kind man. We should all follow his example.
"We are our planet's autobiographers". that.....that right there is some deep shit.
Too bad it's a misnomer. You can't autobiograph someone else (or something - since we're talking about our planet). The term itself defines a biography about yourself written by yourself. If you take away the "auto" then it will be accurate: We are our planet's biographers.
Ethereal Di But we *are* a part of our planet?
I think you'll find we shall be writing the earth's obituary, and it shall read:
'The hand which writes this is responsible for its necessity, despite the fact it was needless.'
@@freezadehopson4231 id take it even further and say we ARE our planet. i think that's what attenborough means too
He's 90 and has more hair than Michael.
Long live Attenborough!!!....may he live on and on atleast until if they make another planet earth season .
.
That's genetics for ya, shocking huh?
He's 90!? I was about to say that 75 year old looks terrible.
He looks very well for 90 years old.
Attenborough: Hello Michel it is nice too meet you
Michael: Where are your fingers?
Humans and our fascination with classification is actually extremely interesting and probably is a tool that helped us gain the initial edge over our primate relatives. The need to use our brains more for survival is the greatest struggle our early ancestors went through.
Attenborough is truly a hero and I love hearing him speak
David Attenborough is one of my favorite people of all time.. I envy him for his apparently fantastic life.. what a beautiful individual, thank you Sir David for the countless hours of entertainment and learning that you've given me- and now starting to give to my son as well! I've searched your name on Netflix dozens of times to be able to watch every program you've been apart of and of course to see if you've got any new ones!
That's definitely not every programme David Attenborough has been a part of. Not even close :P
Rumer Priestly he mean every programme on Netflix
Hopefully Attenborough lives for a long time to come
He's still here almost 4 years later C:
Hear hear, that man is amazing
He ded bru lulw.
Boneless Pizza lol you’re an idiot
@@elontusk8018 no he isn’t
I'm glad they talked about the human drive to categorize everything, and how those categories, even if they seem natural and obvious to us, do not necessarily exist *in themselves*. It's a thing we study a lot in my field, social anthropology. What's especially interesting is when we come across something that doesn't fit into our previous system. Then things get interesting.
I could listen to David's voice for hours, and Michael's. So having them both just talk about all these things is so awesome! ^^
All those moments will be lost in time, like tears in rain.
Lucas Balaminut
Is that from Blade Runner?
I've...seen things, you people...
hahaha. .... so what????
My god. Even when he's stuttering, Attenborough has one of the most soothing voices on earth.
Side note: those wing back chairs looked like the most uncomfortable things in existence.
I like that mask of yours :) Time to look for another Vault.
Fedora Doge Thanks bro
David Attenborough could narrate himself taking a shit and it would still sound enlightened.
I like your mask
Wow, it’s 2021 and I still find new videos from vsauce
came from the recent video on time, can't believe i didn't know about this until now
same actully
a male calling for a mate that will never come
that reminds me an awful lot of myself
Same, only I can't sing that well.
Brig. Gen. Jack D. Ripper me neither. I'll never get a girlfriend
*cries in virgin*
in this case the bird quite lucky, he is the last of its kind...
except that you never approach a girl and thus arent calling
He is the last of legendary Attenborough brothers.
RIP Richard Attenborough
So he's an Attenborough brother endling? :o
Ethan Townsend P Jurassic park was packed full of so many important lessons we should never forget.
Andrew S good one 😂
Vinay K a
I wish Mr. Attenborough would live forever! He is simply the best thing that's ever happened to nature. I love to watch any presentation he puts on and he has also made me love nature as well. Mr. Attenborough you have reached many many peoples hearts.
“A male calling for a mate who will never come” you didn’t have to call me out like that Michael
this is the same man who did that bit for filthy frank.
yes. it is. but he's much more than that aha.
Robbie la Robbie i was joking
*These are the men :v
The_H_Side david attenborough was in the filthy frank video?
+Jayden Ang dope
Congrats on ur 11 111 111 subs! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
Erik Gustafsson Please please PLEASE DISLIKE my latest video!
JustPlay247 No.
Erik Gustafsson lol
Erik Gustafsson its not there yet bro
He's got 255 subs? Damn son
The most legendary collaboration ever. Period.
Why have I not seen this video
That’s what I’m saying
@@Theodore764 you didn't say anything
@@MrAlien23 bruh
90 years old. Absolutely incredible.
This man lived what I would consider the perfect life. Seeing nature in all its beauty, recording and sharing it to us. So much respect for what he and his teams have done.
The Kaua'i 'Ō 'Ō bird singing to nobody, to nothing, alone, is the saddest damn thing I've ever heard.
You hear of extinction events in the news and read about them in books but you never really consider that when a species goes extinct that at some point there was just one left, an animal that no matter how successful, no matter how strong and long living or fertile would die alone, wondering where the rest are.
Thank god for David Attenborough.
Most of what I know about the flora and fauna of Earth over the last 30 years has been down to his incredible programs. And well done Michael for this interview.
David’s such an amazing guy, he’s humble saying he has no advice, but he just gave the greatest advice in saying he has none to give. Documentary filmmakers shouldn’t ask yesterday’s what to do, they must turn to the technology of the future and in the equipment of tomorrow they’ll find the answer of tomorrow’s documentary filmmaking. To get closer than ever before, reach new places, see behaviors undisrupted by observation, show change, innovate in presentation.
But David’s not the dinosaur he humbly claims to be, he rides that wave of the future, he stands at the forefront alongside the next generation, his passion still burning as he approaches 100 years of age. We shan’t see his like again.
Your best video yet! Sir David is a legend, We need lots more people like him, preferably in positions of power - when I see stories like the technologies we've developed to plunder resources and further smash up the already-declining ice sheets of the Arctic, the jungles of the equator and everything in between, I fear for our species, and it's people like David (well, and Michael) that give me some hope. Thank you!
Sad to seen Attenborough so frail, absolute legend
didn't he already?
Natalie le .. yeah i think he did already
old age does that to people...but unlike most old people Sir Attenborough has no intention to stop making awesome documentaries...he's my hero
Frail? He is in his 90s and still dared to go on a parachute above mountains, go to the hottest deserts and to the coldest places to document animals. People who are in their 90s are too tired to even move. He is an ABSOLUTE legend!
no he didnt he is still alive
It's a male calling for a mate, that will never come..... sounds familiair :'(
Roel Smets Feels bad man
Roel Smets Yes, hopefully the cancerous comments go extinct
must suck being a virgin over 17
Lol
ありがとう Like you
Life is beautiful and complex. It is brutal and disgusting. It is instant and it is eternal. It can be caught but never pinned down. and everything on this planet is dying without any meaning but to continue living. No matter how hard it gets, no matter how many awful things we do to each other, life carries on. God, its good to be alive.
I would probably cry if I ever met that man, Sir Attenborough has been my hero since I was 10 years old.
So haunting is the opening with the endling song, like a poem.
Either Google's subtitle auto-generator has gotten much better over the last few years or these guys speak really clearly because these are some of the most accurate auto-generated subtitles I've ever read.
Not watched Vsauce in four years, but I tell you what, the intro was the best intro to any UA-cam video I've ever seen.
Wow David Attenborough's documentaries are my favorite documentaries ❤️
Thank you so much for sharing 🍃🌷
Enjoying this video so much .
So agree with Sir David Attenborough .
Incredible. I've never really appreciated Attenborough for his work for human kind and animals but to hear he is 90 years old and say "he's still learning and struggling with things" in the presence of a question for advice is very humbling. Plus to be 90 and so cognitively sound and healthy is so great to see.
I love you Michael and as always thanks for uploading!
it´s Karl
hey Karl
Kaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaarl....