Kinetochore and Mitosis
Вставка
- Опубліковано 29 бер 2017
- Structure and dynamics of kinetochore and mitotic chromosome by Drew Berry, wehi.tv
Created for E.O.Wilson’s Life on Earth interactive textbook of biology (2014), available free from iBook Store
Created for Visit wehi.tv - Наука та технологія
Even though we can describe some of these things linguistically, and we can even animate the process, its still dumbfounding and impossibly brilliant. Im left in absolute awe of the complexity of living systems every time I watch these videos. Leaves me with a warm, grateful feeling to be alive.
Just shows that this world can not be a coincidence
Each cell does this too.
Just seeing how fast the cell splits and the new nuclear membrane forms is insane. All of those phospholipids instantly organizing into a membrane
@@FBWUniverseMode What does that mean? "this world can not be coincidence"? I've never heard anyone ever say anything even remotely like that before. We actually understand the processes that lead to the modern earth quite well.
@@nobody.of.importance which is? literally the only theory to exist is that a collision happened at the perfect rate in the perfect time and perfect place which is all a near impossible coincidence.
this video is insane, such detailed animation that shows the process insanely well.
Oooo I could watch a 3 hour movie on this!!
I could watch this over and over again. How beautiful and exciting!
Cell division is one the most impressive things I ever seen in my entire life! Can't measure how beautiful it is.
Congratulations, the video is so well produced it is awestrucking. Even the sounds help the viewer become more involved.
You guys do such important work! Many thanks!!
It's amazing. I am currently doing my project work of Dam1 protein complex of kinetochor. Truly mesmerizing
I said 'What the literal fuck' several times while watching - this is absolutely insane to imagine happening on each chromosome pair. Beautiful video, thank you!
Great animation. We'll have many more visualizations to help build our comprehension and understanding to the complexity of the living cells.
have been trying to understand the job of kinetochores for a while now! thanks a lott
Absolutely awesome video.. So beautifully shown
I've always loved the little walking Dyneins and Kinesins, somewhat reminiscent of amebocytes in sponges.
As an idiotic teenager I would take drugs to blow my mind. Now as a I approach my 60's, I do my best to learn biology and watch these vdeos - The effect is far stronger and there's no come-down.
Beautiful....I always distress watching the Cells
Belfast Ireland 🇮🇪 ❤
very very very good , deserves more views and likes
Wow this is absolutely amazing!
Thank you for your work! This video is extremely cool
Amazing, thanks. Looks very unceremonious as the chromosomes are dragged off to begin a new life, it's what makes it so real also.
Extremely comprehensive👌
I am in absolute awe by just looking at these marvelous bio-machine that creates itself with life on one hand and purpose on other yet I just don't know what life is and what purpose there exist to reach!!!!! and all of these are happening as I am typing these words.
Everything in this bio-mechanical machine works independently from all other systems yet it coexist and works in a most mysterious way and in harmony with other independent automata system to function as one complete individual. Yet me, as the individual, is clueless as what am I suppose to do!!!!! Just like the rest of the other 8 billion people.
Great explainer, the visualization is wonderful, the animation-to-video switches are smooth an enhance both… but most importantly, incredible foley work.
“Chrunk Chrunk SPLORTch squiltch”
This helped. Thank you.
Amazing !! thanks a lot !!!
I like the video very much. We zitten zo wonderlijk in elkaar. Ik kijk er naar als een kind naar een ontroerend sprookjesverhaal. Terwijl ik besef dat het allemaal echt is. Bedankt voor deze beelden
Great video of mitosis 😄😄. Big fan of motor proteins
THis is an amazing video. I show it to my class every semester
Damn I wish I could teach a class. I wish going through college to get the degree wasn't so pricey.
the video creators are amazing that goes without saying how unique wonderful beautiful and again amazing our bodys' mechanisims are
Wow.
I just can't square this with some religion and 'creation'. But I can't imagine how this has evolved over 3 billion years either. That is a very long time ...
The more we learn we discover more mysteries.
Very helpful!
Wow this is wonderful
Please someone give the soundmixer dude an oscar
Edit: dudes
Sound design for all our animations by Grammy winner Franc Tétaz
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Tétaz
@@WEHImovies Couldn't care less about the grammy, but the dude's work speaks for itself. Good man.
What the heck!! So AMAZING!
Nice video bro
The motor proteins are just amazing
Glory be to Allah the creator
@@teleportvalorant7658 agreed!
@@teleportvalorant7658 wat
Indeed they are amazing, but if you really wanna have your mind blown, you should check out ATP synthase and the electron transport chain in mitochondria. It's so incredible that these systems formed from such simple laws of physics, but at the same time, it makes perfect sense.
Amazing!
Субгьаналлагь! Прекрасны Твои творения!
Amazing
Good information
Amazing. I might have missed it but I'm curious how close to real speed these processes are happening. I'd imagine a lot of it is much faster IRL, but I'm not sure.
i am from pakistan i realy like it
I mean, our dna makes rna in less than a second which is esentially coping 3 billion 'letters' in a fraction of second.. this process wouldnt take more than a second
@@Sk8erMorris yah you are right
@@Sk8erMorris you have to realize that RNA is just made whenever our cells need proteins or do translation, as ribosomes but also tRNA (which are essentially the carriers for the amino acids) are also made out of RNA. As no cell needs all genes transcribed all of the time, it doesn't need to transcribe all of its genome into RNA. So these processes are very short. However, in order to access the RNA, the machinery needs to be able to access the densely packed DNA, which is usually wound on proteins called histones. Imagine hanging up or coiling a long rope. Now here, in the proses of Mitosis, which is the doubling of DNA prior to a cell divions, so a doubling of the chromosome count, obviously you need to transcribe all of it and that takes quite a while and definitely longer than a few seconds. For smaller microorganisms there is something called "generational times" meaning how long certain organisms need to replicate under good living conditions. For Escherichia coli for example, it can be as short as 20 minutes under perfect conditions. THat is quite fast, imagine birthing a new human every 20 minutes who grows to adulthood and bears children themselves. For human cells, that takes longer. Mitosis of cells is around. This encompasses not only the pure transcrition and doubling of DNA but also all prior and post processes which are needed to build up the machinery, degrade it afterwards, build organelles do the division, check for any errors and so on and so forth. a doubling of cells takes about 24 hours, sometimes shorter for certain cell lines under laboratory conditions. In our bodies, that usually takes longer. Growth and division depends on a variety of factors such as nutrients available, environmental conditions, cell type and many more. THe doubling of DNA just takes about an hour in eukaryotic cells, but for the whole cell division, it is usually much longer. The processes presented in the video are not real life speed. EIther they are sped up (The video of mitosis at the beginning) or slowed down (the kinetochores) to be better able to grasp it for the viewer.
entirety of mitosis takes about an hour, most of which is the metaphase with its various controls and checkpoints. Anaphase and telophase itself (the separation of chromatids into new nuclei) takes a few minutes.
i was looking at a giant 3D loom making fabric, and it looks exactly the same
Awesome thank you :)
So adorable. Those kinesins and dynenis are straddling like a penguin.
great!
maravilhoso...
What a masterpiece! One can then imagine how great is the Creator....
If by "one" you mean yourself😂
It flusters me that you can accept all of this when science points it out, but for some reason American christians have such incredible difficulty understanding that this same system leads to evolution. I appreciate christians who can accept the facts and still be true to their beliefs. Those YECs are absolutely bananas, though.
What are the general purposes of cargo/protein transport along the microtubules by the molecular motors when the chromatid separation is occurring simultaneously
The video stated that they carry a chemical message that tells the rest of the cell that the chromosome is in position and ready for separation. Looking into it a little, it looks like these motor proteins are also partially responsible for helping the chromosomes separate as well, by interacting with the complex network of microtubules and filaments throughout the cell.
I am so blessed and feeling alive
Heck yeah, bro! Cellular anatomy gets me pumped too! This stuff is wicked cool.
So coool!
microtubule fibres from mitotic spindle guide and orient chromosomes to correct positions
kinetichores act as interface between MT and chromosome (many functions)
kinetochore - attached to dynamic ends of the MT
kinetochore - mechanical tension sensing system - to feel if everything correctly attached and positioned.
Kinetchore - also stop signal broadcasting system - sending signal to cell about if ready to undergo separation of chromosomes
if senses tension is just right and chromosomes is correctly positioned and attached
- stop signal broadcasting system carried down by dyneins the MT away from the kinetochore .
kinetochore ready - cell transitions to anaphse stage with chromatids pulled apart to opposite part of cell
super !
Як мудро нас зробив Бог!..
А ми того не цiнуемо часто.
🤩
Nice
Wow
Как могла делиться первая живая клетка? Как случайность могла создать такой сложный механизм для ее деления?
What are protein involving in this process ?
There are a LOT of proteins involved, and many of them are involved in protein complexes, such as the microtubules that are themselves made up of three different proteins locked together. There's also kinesin, a motor protein that travels along the microtubules and typically carries some kind of package (here, they're bringing a chemical that signals the process to split the chromosome that it's ready to divide, though in your neurons, they typically carry stuff like dopamine and serotonin to the axons so they're ready to go asap), you have lots and lots of different proteins constantly combing through your chromosome for any errors that they can fix, proteins on the surface of the cell that respond to exogenous signals, proteins that break down or recycle waste products, the list goes on and on. Each cell is like a tiny city. x)
Hahahaha My cells are so cute!
So basically we're all being 3D printed in real time by a bunch of Dr Suess critters.
...Neat.
This is the most accurate description of the process I've ever seen, to be quite honest.
cool
سبحان الله وبحمده
THE VOICE
this animation is really good but the sounds were kind of disturbing
This happened by accident?
Important question.
Where'd you get the idea that this happened "by accident"? Atoms and molecules are like magnets. They pull and push in specific ways. If you have two cylindrical magnets with the poles on the flat sides, there's only two possible combinations it can make, no matter how you throw them into a box. Atoms are very much the same way, though considerably more complex than just magnetism. I suggest you look into chemistry, and especially molecular orbital theory.
so is this how the embryo grows inside mother's body ?
This is how cellular mitosis works. After fertilization, the egg undergoes this process many many times, so technically yes, this is how an embryo grows within the body. HOWEVER, what's cool about it is that it continues even into your adulthood. You know how people sort of lose flakes of dead skin over time? The red, very sensitive bit you get under a blister is your actual *living* skin, and the cells within it are constantly doubling themselves as demonstrated in the above video. Those skin cells destined for the surface form protein complexes that hold the cells tightly together, then sort of "pack up and move out", leaving essentially an empty, non-functional cell on the surface. When people suffer from radiation poisoning, the chromosomes of those cells that are splitting are effectively shredded, leaving the cells unable to properly divide. That's why those involved in radiation accidents can take days to show any symptoms.
Biology and anatomy are absolutely fascinating topics! If you're curious how everything works, my best advice would be to look into the eukaryotic cell on wikipedia. It has articles on each and every part, and once you understand how all those bits and pieces work together to bring life to a cell, you can kinda piece together an understanding of just about any and all aspects of living creatures. It truly is an incredible world out there. c:
Okay I’ve just acquired my daily information bit, now let me move on to mediate 🧘♂️
they have legs
They very literally do! Dynein and Kinesin are adorable little macromolecules
ok.
Holy crap we are made of trillions of sea creatures
Broooo, the complexity within our own cells puts even the diverse form of sea creatures to shame. Cellular anatomy is a treasure of a subject.
And we wonder why we have OCD good god Theres a LOT TO GET DONE ok DO IT AGAIN
Why are these the things functioning!!! 😃😃😃
It's not shown in the video because you wouldn't be able to see anything, but cells are full of different chemicals floating around, most especially water, but also Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), which these little molecular machines use as a sort of "fuel". Proteins are made out of long chains of 22 possible amino acids, each of which has something called a "side chain" that gives that particular section a trait that helps lead to the proteins structure and functioning. For example, one of the naturally occurring amino acids is called "tryptophan". I'm sure you know that name, yeah? Turkey, thanksgiving, makes ya sleepy and such? Yeah, that's used by your body to make proteins, and it's special ability is that it's hydrophobic. Like oil, it doesn't like to mix into the water around the cell. That makes any section of the chain with tryptophan feel a "push" from the water around it, making it move to the center of the protein. Other amino acids have a positive or negative electrical charge, allowing them to attract or repel each other across the chain.
One of the cool things about that is that when exposed to certain other molecules, they can actually *change shape*. The aforementioned ATP is one of those, it's often called the "Energy Currency" of the cell. When ATP bonds to various proteins, they cause a conformal change (the previously mentioned shapeshifting), allowing them to change how they function. When that shape change occurs, a phosphate group becomes detached from the ATP, leaving it and Adenosine Diphosphate behind. This is a sort of "used up fuel" that the cell can recycle into ATP again. Nearly all of the molecular machines within your cells use ATP to perform their jobs, including your muscle cells (sliding filament theory), these little dynein and kinesin motors (which act sort of as cargo trucks), and migrating ions across membranes using ion channels (which your nervous system heavily relies on).
It's all quite a fascinating system! I highly suggest you look into it if you're curious.
one of the scariest shit ive ever seen.
And the best part is IT'S INSIIIIDE YOU RIIIIGHT NOOWWWW~~
SPOOOOOKY SCAAAARY x)
Wtf
Allah ☝️🧠💯🎨🖌️😍
What about em?
The miracles of life surround us everyday. It is a testament to our Creator, and direct evidence He exists.
Exactly! God bless you
"Throughout history every mystery ever solved has turned out to be
Not Magic...isn't this enough? Just this world?Just this beautiful, complex, wonderfully unfathomable, natural world?
How does it so fail to hold our attention that we have to diminish it with the invention of cheap, man-made myths and monsters?" -Tim Minchin
@@joshwatkins4310 oh Josh, even this natural world had an origin, and those who live by the Christian faith believe in God. Those who do not will place their faith elsewhere, including in science. Yet science falls short in explaining it, and so there are some who see it as almost accidental, and the result of a big bang theory. I do not see it that way. I believe God created it, as the Bible teaches. I hope you will come to faith sometime in your life; that the Lord will draw you away from unbelief. I personally will pray for your soul, God bless you and keep you. JjF
@@johnj.flanagan-songsoffaith First off, quit patronizing me with your "oh Josh." I'm not some innocent child who doesn't have a clue about anything.
I think you've missed the point of my response. There is obviously an origin to the natural world, but the argument is that it wasn't created by a man-made "God." Scientists such as myself do not have faith in science, we rely on observation. It is true that science can't explain everything, but that is no different than the rest of history. Once upon a time, the Church had everyone believing that the Earth was flat, yet, years later, we know it's not because science, reason, and empirical measurement tell us otherwise. In other words, it was a MYSTERY and when the answer was revealed to us it "turned out to be...not magic." There are answers to all our questions, but we cant understand what we don't know by going to church and praying. We simply don't have the appropriate tools or knowledge at the moment, but will in future. Every time faith makes a claim and we find out otherwise, they have to shrink back and concede. Eventually, you're not gonna be able to do that anymore.
As for your prayers, I do not need them. Please don't waste your time on me. For argument's sake, say if "God" was real, why would I want to follow him or let him draw me away from what I do? Is this the same god who created flesh-eating parasites that knaw people from the inside out? I get it, he "does everything for a reason, we just don't have the capacity to understand his will." What a prick :\
John J. How about evolution and not fairytales?
The sound effects are entertaining but I don't think you should use them , it only makes people wonder if these actually exist
wow just looks gross actually
Anything involving meat is typically pretty gross, to be fair.
Amazing