The Kilivila Language
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- Опубліковано 30 вер 2024
- Kilivila is one of the 40 Austronesian languages spoken in the area of
Milne Bay Province in Papua New Guinea. The Austronesian languages spoken in this province are grouped into 12 language families.
Kilivila, also known as Kiriwina, has a complex grammar.
All nouns are classified according to form, function, number, gender (in the case of humans) and shape. There may be as many as 200 noun classes, each class requiring a different prefix on adjectives, numbers, demonstratives and some question words.
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Thank you again for featuring Cebuano alongside Tagalog. Cebuano is a Visayan language, a different branch from Tagalic where Tagalog is classified under. There are some (if not most) cases where cognates from other Austronesian languages might be non-existent in Tagalog (probably due to evolution or invention) but is present in Cebuano (and vice versa). At least the Philippines is still represented through this way. So thank you, thank you, thank you.
P.S. By the way, octopus in Cebuano is "kugíta".
Actually there is a place in Taiwan called Bangka (Basay Language, although it's extinct), it also means boat.
Bangka is also a boat in tagalog
Trobriand Islands is also interesting because genetic testing suggests that is where the polynesians genetic motif first split off from it's parent haplogroup (which turns up in Taiwan), the kicker being this split happened around 8,500-7,200 years ago a whole 2,500 years before the austronesian expansion.
You're right, this area was likely where the Polynesians started out although I'm still trying to figure out the timeline. Yes the whole thing seems strange !
@@languagestolearn8155 the polynesians genetic motif is also found in the Merina of Madagascar too, at similar levels as east Indonesians. Which makes it even weirder.
P.S the polynesians genetic motif is mitochondrial DNA which is passed down Matrilineally, as if the story could have been even more strange. Suggesting 9,000-8,000 years ago a fairly small group of Taiwanese aboriginals women, made the voyage down to Trobriand islands.
@@ANTSEMUT1 Yes I've read that about the Merina too, curiouser and curiouser! So far I have no idea how to explain this anthropologically same with the Trobriand islanders. Grammatically, Kilivila shows signs of restructuring, it's acquired some typical Papuan features, which is not surprising - purely prefixes and suffixes to conjugate verbs, no infixes, some reduplication but nothing like in Taiwanese or Philippine languages, an elaborate noun class system etc. The vocabulary is more Oceanic, I see more cognates with Polynesian languages but yeah the genetic evidence just doesn't quite add up.
@@languagestolearn8155 my hypothesis is ethnic maluku or Timorese some other Nusa Tenggara women mixed with the Madagascar bound Banjar. I based this off the fact their polynesian motif % amounts is about the same. Anywhere west of the wallace line it drops to less than 10% and west of Borneo it drops to less than 1%.
@@ANTSEMUT1 Yes that makes sense. I remember reading that some of the vocabulary in Malagasy is closer to Sulawesi languages than to Southern Borneo, and was wondering if more research on Nusa Tenggara languages (or rather the area between Sulawesi and the Papuan mainland might turn up some interesting findings about the genesis of the Malagasy people and language.
Interesting that they have a complex noun classification system. My language, Chuukese (Mortlockese dialect), has that too. Other Micronesian languages have this too. For example there are many ways to say "one" when counting things:
"emon" means one living thing
"efou" means one small, round object
"eche" means one flat object
"efoch" means one long, skinny object
"etukum" means one wrapped thing of food
"esopw" means one section
"epek" means one side
just to name a few. There is a whooooooooole lot. There are ways of counting clumps of bananas, slices, pieces of copra, cupfuls, bits of morsels, pieces of firewood, branches with leaves on them, breasts, hollow objects, holes, packages of breadfruit pudding, pieces of meat, leaf packages of small fish, empty containters, etc.
That's amazing!
for comparison sake: in Malay (of course Indonesian, too) there is common too to have noun classificatory words: seekor (one tail) for animals, serumpun (one group) for grasses, sebatang (one stem) for trees/plants/poles, sehelai (one fabric) for fabric or paper, selembar (for paper, smaller), sebongkah, setangkai, sebutir, sebentuk, sesosok, seorang, seikat, sekawanan, and so on.
@@rapemapinteresting! Do Filipinos have this? Or is this just in Malay and Indonesian?
@@uts4448 I speak Javanese (non native) and understand Sundanese. As far as I know, both do not have that. But, perhaps retained in their refined/literary form.
@@rapemap ooh okay. Thanks for the info.
Sugarcane in Samoan is "Tolo"
Thank you for this amazing work! In Maluku (Arafura sea and close neighbor to West Papua - historically tight connection) the Moluccan word for the customary house is Baileo. Question: the Papuan languages are older than austronesian by quite a bit. Is there ever research done that influence might have actually come from Papuan area and Arafura area towards Taiwan which sparked a mostly feminine migration towards the southeast? Since most paternal genetics in east indo are Melanesian
You're welcome and thank you for the support! I'm still researching that very topic :) There are quite a few theories about the spread of the languages. You're right, in Melanesia and further east, the language spread seems to be linked to maternal descent. I don't have anything concrete at the moment but will hopefully find someone with a background in population genetics to interview one of these days :)
Thank you for featuring a language from my country.
Agutoki(thank you in Kiriwina).
I'd like to share some cognates from my language and other languages as well. For me my native language/dialect is Kalo, spoken in Kalo village, part of the Sinaugoro-Keapara continuum, Papuan tip.
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Kalo:
Numa - house
Vanuga - village
Ġați(ʁatsi) - Canoe
Vanagi - 1.to cross, to go over, to pass through/by.
2. A door
Vaka - a large raised platform for sitting/sleeping on
Ķomu(qomu) - sugarcane
Tapua - coastal pitpit(sacharram edule)
Topo - a softer/brittle variety of bamboo compared to the usual orena(bamboo).
Lae - large dorsal fin of dolphins, sharks
Gulita - octopus
Kuita - type of bivalve shell, kind of like mussels?
*Palai - borrowed word for canvas/sail/tarapulin from English 'fly'
Vulaa:
Numa - house
Vanuga - village
Ai - Canoe
Vanagi - to cross, to go over, to pass through/by
Laka oi - sailing ship(Motuan name), oi= 3
La - sail
Komu - sugarcane
Gulia - octopus.
*Palai - borrowed word for canvas/sail/tarapulin from English 'fly'
Motu:
Ruma - house.
Hanua - village.
Lagatoi - large multi hulled sailing vessel with crab claw sails.(toi = 3)
Asi - large canoe.
Vanagi - small canoe.
Hanai - to cross, to go over, to pass through/by
Lara - sail.
Tohu - sugarcane.
Urita - octopus.
*Palai - borrowed word for canvas/sail/tarapulin from English 'fly'
In Malay, house is ' RUMAH '. That's the same as Motu 😁
In cebuano, octopus is kugita
Village in most Central Philippine languages is Banwa
It's interesting that numbers after 5 reverted to how numbers used to be in PAn prior to 5 *RaCep being replaced by the word for hand, and 6 7 8 9 were formed by *RaCep+1, 2, 3, 4. We only got pitu, walu, siwa from the abbreviated version of the original numbering system, *RaCepituSa, *Racepat(e)lu, *RaceptiSepat. They reverted to this system but used lima, since *RaCep was long fossilized.
Banwa is Ilonggo for village and Cebuano calls it Lungsod
I really love watching these videos, I appreciate your work a lot!
Kapampangan Bale