👻 Watch "This is Halloween" (Mundus Pateat) in Latin! ua-cam.com/video/5bu4PVbzDlg/v-deo.html 🎃 from the Nightmare Before Christmas, all whose songs we are doing entirely in Latin: ua-cam.com/play/PLU1WuLg45SiwuGR1H6ZRhLvusm1iQN7ay.html Enormous thanks to Stefano Vittori 🐌 who supplied the explanation of the Mundus Patet ritual of Roman religion; Stefano writes: "Mundus patet is what is written on religious calendars in correspondence with three days during the year (August 24, October 5, November 8 ) when the mundus Cereris, a sacred well digged in the center of each town, is open by Ceres' priest (the "cānus senex" of the song). This well is placed in the exact crossing point of Cardo and Decumanus (the "quadrivium" which the citizens of Cucurbs, Halloween Town, surround, "circumsistunt"). The well, representing both the universe (mundus, "world"), an introverted altar (the only altar that was inscribed in the inner part instead of the outer one), and an uterus, and consecrated to the Manes, gods of the underworld, once opened lets the souls of the dead to go beyond the limit between the world of the dead and that of the living." THE COSMIC ORIGIN OF A MUNDANE WORD This topic was extensively researched, and may be verified at various sources, including: Georges Dumézil "Archaic Roman Religion" : www.amazon.com/gp/product/0801854806/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=lukeranieri-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=0801854806&linkId=12083c3c3cfaa567e19a6ed91fdff5f5 www.etymonline.com/ www.wiktionary.com/ Thanks for watching, liking, and sharing this video! 🧛♂️ 🐺 Happy Halloween! 🎃 👻
@@danielmanukian3026 Of course I know. It derives from an indoeuropean root which means something like order. The world exists according a perfect order, the peace , meant as lack of war, is a shape of order as well. The greek word "Kosmos" is atrictly correlated. Ciao!
Thanks so much! Gosh, I feel like I’m only scratching the surface! 😅 I could have talked about this for an hour and barely got started - these connexions are endless and endlessly fascinating
3:39 In Hindi, there's वीर (vīr), meaning "hero, brave one", from Sanskrit in which it also meant "man" (meaning not used like that in Hindi because there are other ways to say "man" now).
I cant put into words how perfect this channel is for someone like me. Historical linguistics, language learning, and etymologies are 3 of my favorite things in the world. Thank you!
8:48 You can also use ''Свет'' to mean ''World'' in Russian. It will sound either more old-fashioned or more poetic depending on the context. It is also used in children's books and encyclopedias a lot. For example: ''Всему свету известно" - "It is know to the whole world" "Во всём свете не найдёшь" - "You will not find it in the entire world'' '''Таких животных нет на свете'' - "The are no such animals in the world''
You just made me think... Luke means Light...so in Star Wars Luke Skywalker symbolized the Light and his father, Darth Vader (Dark Father) the Darkness...wow! All these decades and it took your comment for me to make that connection... thanks!
It's like in Greek mythology, the Goddess Hemera is the day and her brother Aether is the upper sky, and the air the gods breathe. Then, their mother Nyx is the night and her husband Erebus is the darkness.
thanks Luke for this awesome video! just a sidenote from another language family: in Hungarian (Finno-Ugric family) 'world' and 'light' are also connected etymologically. We say 'világ' for 'world' and in phraseological units it still has its original meaning of 'light': e.g. 'a szeme világa' [~light of his/her eyes] is a fancy and poetic way to say sight; or 'világra jönni' [~to come to light] is for 'to be born'. Fun fact: 'világ' [light/world] derives from the same root as 'virág' [flower/blossom] - just imagine a field full of flowers, like tiny light spots on a green canvas :)
3 роки тому+78
Interessante come sempre! Loving these etymology videos.
@@polyMATHY_Luke pax vobiscum = мир вам ; the same to you = и тебе того же / и Вам того же Thak you, очень интересно = amazing = beeindrückend, spannend
Etmologia de palavras é algo interessantíssimo. Muito boa a sua pronúncia da palavra "mundo" em português, onde termina com "o" mas no cotidiano pronúncia-se como "u".
I found out the other day that "tail" in ancient Greek is "ouros" which is actually the same word as arse in English and in German.They are both located down the end of a body!Also the Latin word for 'fox" which is Vulpes is closely related to the English and German words "wolf" -two closely related canids.The English word 'deer' which refers to a specific animal- in German the word "tier" refers to animals in general.Disc is the same word as desk and tisch because each is flat-also dish.
Super intetersting, love it! As a Lithuanian speaker I found it interesting how Slavic languages have the word for world as "sviet", when in my own Samogitian dialect there's a word 'svieta'. It's a very old fashioned, it can as well mean world, but now usually means people, like a group of people. I think it's related to 'šviesa', which means light, just as the proto-Slavic word. But the current word for us is "pasaulis", which literally means 'under the sun'. "Saulė" being sun and "pa-" denotes being under or near something, so you get "pasaulis". It's the same in Latvian, "pasaule". Thank you again, Luke, for the great video!
Lithuanian "saule" is similar and closer to Latin "sol" and Slavic (Croatian) sunce [pronounced as: suntse] = sun, in English. Also in German language, as I remember "helles" means "bright" and in Greek is sun "helios". Or word "echte" in German is in Greek: "etteo" ... and we know what hell means in English. Word sister is sestra in Croatian. How you say in Lithuanian? And what is in Lithuanian word pa - in Croatian is: pod, or ispod, meaning under. "Pod" can also be = "ground". Sjedio je na podu.= He was sitting on the ground.
@@krunomrki interesting! The word sister in Lithuanian is sesuo. Similar to Croatian. And also, pa- is not a word, it's a suffix that is added to a word, and now it usually means near something, but can mean under as well. So like "pajūrys" literally means "near-sea" but it actually means coastline, with 'jūra' being sea. The word for under is "po" or in the Samogitian dialect "puo", much closer to Croatian pod. An example would be "jis stovi po tiltu"= he is standing under a bridge.
@@krunomrki bridge = tiltas, the -u ending is as well instrumental, like in Croatian. But in a very dialectal way, the sentence can be "ans stovi po tiltu"
In 13 years at school and several years full of studies I thought I've learned a lot. But then I watch your videos and realize: the best is yet to come. I swear, I'm your biggest fan. 🤣 Can't wait for the next one.
Luke! You are awesome. I have been following you for a quite while. And you kindled the spirit in me to restart learning Latin which I was so passionate about once. Thank you! Luke. Always keep that light shining.
Luke, it's incredible how well you can pronounce Portuguese words (I'm Brazilian and I loved your "mundo"). Such an interesting and informative video, thank you!
In Polish: świat - world, światło - light, świeca - candle. The word "świecki" is derived from "świat" and means "secular" ("wordly") but sounds more similar to "świeca". There is an absurd joke, that says that secular songs are the ones that are sung with a candle in your hand.
Loved the video. Just wanted to point out something, in Portuguese we say "dar à luz" to mean "to give birth", but what it literally translates to is "give [the newborn] to the light". This doesn't really have much to do with the video, but i found it nice how it kinda correlates with the slavic words for world and light being the same haha.
The Russian word «мир» has two meanings - peace and world, but that's because two different words joined in one spelling in the 20th century. Before 1918 the world was spelled «мiръ» and the peace was spelled «миръ». Then, the letter i was omitted from the alphabet and both meanings became «мир». So that SHOULD mean these two meanings have different etymology, but I can't affirm that, because I don't know for sure.
Russian *миръ* "peace" and *мiръ* "world" do have the same etymology, though. Originally these are *two meanings* of *one lexeme* . The common meaning is лад, порядок, согласие, соразмерность (harmony, agreement, accord, order, arrangement, proportionality, setting). The orthographical difference is from the Russian redaction of Church Slavonic, where orthography is more artificial than in Old (Church) Slavonic and serves to discern not only lexical, but even grammatical homonyms. In Old (Church) Slavonic (IX-XI A.D.) there are not such subtleties: "миръ" stands for both εἰρήνη and κόσμος. P.S. So the Russian *мир* (world) agrees with Old Slavonic миръ (world) and that is an archaism, not an innovation. _Palaeoslavonicum vero_ свѣтъ is "light", as the Russian *свет* .
That’s so interesting! I never knew Cyrillic used to have the letter i. Since I learned the alphabet, I’d figured it had always been the backwards n и. Very very cool history lesson. Since you say 1918 I’m guessing it has to do with the Bolsheviks eh? They reformed the alphabet after they seized power in the October Revolution?
I've known (=believed) for quite some time that the matching masculine word for a WIFE in English is the word WIRE but that it was deprecated for the word HUSBAND many centuries ago and fell into disuse (in that sense, but _wire_ still means a cable, cord length of string, or even a message sent by telegraph). I absolutely love etymologies - keep it up, Luke!
what wonderful language nerd of a guy! A man after my own heart! Love how excited you get about words, they affect everything I believe, even when we don't know their nuanced and ancient meanings. Keep teaching!!!! Blessings
In romanian, we have ”lume” for world and it is from lumen= light (latine). Why? Probably, after night, when the sun rise, the world starts to exist and we can see it.
I disagree. Lume means people, and only by extension it started to mean the Globe/Earth. But you can't call the Universe / Space, lume. "E o lume mare" = Its a big world. Yes, but it refers to the Earth (inhabited by people).
@Robzah Still, this implies living beings. "E multa lume" (there a re a lot of people), "Lume buna" (good people). You cannot transfer the concept of (and thus the term of) world / universe to people (you cannot refer to a group of people as "world"). But you can do the vice-versa since the Earth is full of people. That's my point: that lume means people, and only by extension it means world / planet, and only by a lack of any other term it can be used for Universe. So the light (lumen) doesn't come from stars, but from the light humans produce (walking outside villages, at night, if you see light in the distance, it means there are people there).
@Robzah "are pitici pe creier" (he has dwarfs on his brain), or those conspiracies which said nazis live on the moon, or in an underground world. or that we assummed there are martians with human appearance. Its in our instinct to be egocentric, to see everything with us in the middle. That;s why it makes sense that the term for world is an extension of the term people. It makes no historical sense that humans-romanians assumed there are other living planets / dimensions - alternate Universes, in order to refer to humans as "worlds". These are modern scientific discoveries. Thus it makes no sense to call people "lume" like they come from another planet/universe.
Well not exactly, probably comes from Rome. In Rome, the genius was the incarnation of the people of Rome (per example Augustus attributed himself this title for saying that he was Rome itself) and the genius of rome was the lux mundi, the light of World, the knowledge (in fact the illuminists called themselves after the "light of the thinking")
In Romanian, "lume" also came to mean civilization or people. Because wherever there was light at night, that’s where people can be found. But it is still interesting to read all the other theories in this thread.
This is also exactly what I do in my spare time. I look for the patterns and connections among the words in different languages. Cognates, false friends, calques, auto-antonyms, etymologies. I also find it interesting because when you begin to analyze a word, you're able to form a web and in another sense, let yourself become lost in translation
Hi Luke, first thing first love your videos, thank you for your hard work. My Slavic philology professor at university said that a possible explanation for мир meaning "world" is the Latin espression "pax romana". Romans would call the known world "pax Romana" (where they brought peace - ehm!) and so the word "peace" in Russian was influenced by this and got its second meaning "world". It's just a theory but I thought it was worth mentioning it. Greetings from Turin!
In Estonian and Finnish, the word for 'World' (Maailm/Maailma) is a compound of Earth and Air (maa + ilm/ilma). In Latvian and Lithuanian, the word for 'World' (Pasaule/Pasaulis) simply means ''under the sun''. But in Latvian, the afterlife is in Aizsaule : behind the sun.
I just discovered this channel and I’m pleasantly surprised. I love the etymology of words as well. That was a very nice overview of Germanic, Romanic, Greek and Slavic. Congrats and lots of success!
In Hindi, "world" is संसार (sansār), from Sanskrit saṃsāra "wandering, world" (same spelling, different pronunciation), from the root संसृ (saṃsṛ), which means "to go round, revolve, pass through a succession of states, to go towards or obtain, moving in a circuit". In religious context, the word is also used for the concept of karmic cycle, reincarnation, cycle of birth and death (or rebirth).
Exactly what I'm into and what I'm thinking about every single day! It's incredible how everything's connected and how WE're all connected 🧬🗣️ Your videos give me goosebumps! You're creating an amazing content, Luke! 🎃
I really like how worldy is a contranym and that English "mundane" means worldly in the sense of "boring, down to earth", but the Swedish "mondän" means worldly "elegant, fashionable, cosmopolitan(!)". The French "mondain" being the root of both is of course also a contranym, having both meanings of worldly.
In Russian world is "mir" but the end of the world is called "konets svjeta ". Translated to English it means "end of (the) light". It is also posible to say "konets mira" what means end of (the) world.
Very cool man! Love to see how passionate you are about the topics, makes me feel much less of a weirdo for liking this kind of thing so much hahah, it means the world !
Great stuff! I may be biased but the Romanian word is great. So Protoromanians saw how Slavs called it and said "we will use the word with the same meaning as you but using our Latin vocabulary".
Aw thanks so much! I actually do both 😃 My audiobooks store: luke-ranieri.myshopify.com My Latin language podcast: ua-cam.com/users/LegioXIII Although I’d love to be hired by a professional audiobooks distributor. I’m on LinkedIn if anyone wants to put me in touch haha. 😃
You still use it forworld or is it considered archaic? In Old Polish we had the word mir/mier for "peace" but it's extremely outdated. You'd have to look for Old Polish texts from the XIII-XIV century to find it. Świat is the general word for world.
@@polskiszlachcic3648 we have it vice versa. "Свет" is archaic and yet we use it quite often. For example, you can use saying like "на/во всём свете" for "in the whole world" and it will be understood by everyone, but using "свет" instead of "мир" all the time isn't really a thing.
@@polskiszlachcic3648 we still use it, and it's not archaic, I'd use it most likely in such a frase: Во всем (белом) свете/на всем (белом) свете. Например: Во всем белом свете не найти такого чая вкусного, что я отведал тут!
Thank you for teaching us ...as a Filipino Latin is very important language in church . .but I want to learn it to learn ancient literature in purest original form... Again im a fan of yours....thank you
You’re right! That’s a great suggestion. Haha last night I was so tired I didn’t even remember everything I said. 😅 I appreciate the comment! I’ll do that next time.
In Croatian there are words: um = mind; razum= reason; mozak = brain; misliti = to think; misao = a thought. Latin subterrum and of Greek origin hyppogeion ... Et sic transit gloria mundi! Mundus it could be of Etruscan origin ... In Croatian, being the Slavic language, world = svijet [ you could pronounce: sviet because letter "j" is intervocal, in Croatian always pronounced as letter y in English: yesterday ]; word "svet" means holly or sacred; and svjetlo = light (adverb. svijetao = bright). Interestinglly, word "mir" in Croatian means today "peace", and in Russian is, as said in video: mir = world. We have word "svemir" in Croatian, meaning: "kozmos" or "universe" (universe is, of course, of Latin origin). Early Croatian dukes and kings, known from period of 9th to 11th century, had names such as: Trpimir, Branimir, Krešimir. Those names became popular again in Croatia from the end of 19th century and today many people in Croatia bear these names. Some researchers were connecting the second part of these names with Gothic - mir or - mer, meaning in Gothic language: "great, glorious" (very offten in names of Gothic rullers of 5th and 6th century). From the other side, there are Slavic personal names ending in "- slav", like name of the first attested Croatian ruller with title of king (cca. year 925): Tomislav. Explanation of this ending "-slav" is in Slavic languages, where it comes from word: "slava" meaning "glory" and "- slav" would have meaning: "glorious". So, my first name Krunoslav, it comes from: "kruna" (crown or corona in Latin) + "slav" = "coronus gloriossus" (hahahaha). So, the ending -mir in Slavic first names (as Vladimir = name known from the period of Kievan Rus' to the nowdays Vladimir Putin, coming from the root "vlad-" meaning "to rul" in verb "vladati", or "vladar" = "ruler, master", Latin: dominus) it has two options: 1) or it is taken from Gothic names, or 2) it comes from Slavic word "world" and "peace". In the case if it is from Slavic "world" then the ancient name offten in Croatia: "Branimir" it would be equivalent to Greek first name: Aleksandros (because: alekso = I defend; andros, ander = a man); because: brani = he defens + mir = the world ... And about Latin language: it seems to me that Latin word "signum" = "a sign" in English is very similar to Etruscan word written as: zic - , in form of verb in 3rd person singularis in past tens: zicuche [ssikukhe] = "he wrote". Also, I have noticed that in Latin was expression: "ultima Thulae" meaning something as: "the final frontier". It is striking that Etruscan word "tular" means : borders, frontiers ... as in Etruscan expression found in inscriptions: "tular rašnal" = "the borders of the (Etruscan) people", because "rasna" in Etruscan = Etruscan people.
@Aa9 Za koji dio? Za ovo o slavenskim imenima i mogućoj poveznici s Gotima ili za ovaj dio o vezi latinskog i etruščanskog jezika? Pitam zato što literature i za jedno i za drugo ima prilično, mada za Etruščane jedna od temeljnih knjiga koju mogu preporučiti je "klasik" etruskologije: Massimo Pallottino: Etruskologija (prevedena na hrvatski). Postoji i dosta drugih knjiga na engleskom jeziku. međutim, za početnika u etruskologiji je dobro potražiti na internetu na engleskom jeziku: upišeš u tražilicu (google ili koji već koristiš) Etruscans i dobit ćeš dosta linkova na tu temu. Neke od tih stranica su vrlo kvalitetne, poput: "mysterious Etruscans". Inače, ja sam povjesničar (historičar) i slavist po obrazovanju, a tim se temama i inače bavim.
@Aa9 Jezik Etruraca ili Etruščana definitivno nije indoeuropski. Indoeuropski jezici međusobno su povezani srodnošću riječi u oblicima i značenju, što upućuje da su se u znatnoj osnovi svi indoeuropski jezici razgranali od istog, zajedničkog dalekog pretka, možda prije nekih 5 do 7 tisuća godina. Najstariji zapisani indoeuropski jezici su, smatra se, hetitski ili nesumnili u Anatoliji, oko 16. st. pr. Krista; mikenski grčki zapisan na pločicama Linear B slogovnim pismom (14./13. st. pr. Kr.), (dešifrirao Ventris) te najvjerojatnije najstariji dijelovi indo-arijskih Veda. Da bi se moglo kazati da je neki jezik srodan nekom drugom nije dovoljno da jedna ili dvije riječi slično ili podudarno zvuče, nego je potrebno utvrditi imaju li te dvije riječi isto ili blisko značenje. A onda, naravno, potrebno je naći i više od dvije riječi koje se poklapaju i u glasovima i značenju. Osim toga, jezici koji su međusobno srodni (razvoj od istog pretka, često pokazuju i sličnosti i podudarnosti u gramatičkim nastavcima i završetcima. Često se već po brojevima od 1 do 10 može utvrditi srodnost dvaju jezika. Etruščanski brojevi ne pokazuju sličnosti ni srodnosti s indoeuropskim, ali ni s recimo semitskim brojevima. Npr. 1=thu, 2=sal, 3=ki, 4=huth, 5= makh. jedina utvrđena bliska srodnost i sličnost etruščanskog jezika postoji sa natpisom s otoka Lemnos u sjevernom Egeju (stela s Lemnosa). Npr. riječ za godine/dob u etrušč. je avils, a na lemnijskom avis ... postoji i u brojevima podudarnost i u nastavcima, itd. Naravno, kad bi se našlo još takvih većih (duljih) natpisa moglo bi se više reći o odnosu lemnijskog prema etruščanskom. U svakom slučaju, stela s otoka Lemnos jedan je od najvažnijih dokaza za egejsko podrijetlo Etruščana, tj. za njihovu seobu iz egejskog prostora u Italiju, vjerojatno u periodu od 10./9. st. pr. Kr.
The connection of Luke to Latin lux is very spread in English but doubtful at best. There were two common names in Latin: Lucius (related to Lux, Lucio in Italian with a soft c) and Lucas (related to Lucanus, from Lucania, from the Greek Λουκάς; Luca in Italian, with an hard c). The latter, Λουκάς , is the name of the Greek doctor that wrote the gospel, and the most likely origin of Luke as a name in English-speaking countries. It is true that there have been hypocorism between Lucius and Lucas (in classical Latin the pronunciations were particularly similar) and likely the connection with Lux helped the diffusion of the name. But as Luke come to English from the evangelist, the root "From Lucania" is much more likely than "Bright". Also because Lucius was a very common prenomen in Rome but it was not a name in Greece.
Man, your channel's awesome. I'd seen the origin of ciao video and it'd already blew my mind and then after UA-cam recommended me this one I knew I had to subscribe. Hope you reach at least a million subscribers soon!
The Romanian word reminded me of how the word for "black" in German (schwarz), Dutch (zwart), Norwegian & Swedish (svart) is cognate with English "swart/swarth" which refers to something of dark hue and rarely used. "Black" comes from a root meaning "to burn, shine".
@@polyMATHY_Luke Luke- seriously your videos are inspiring me to start studying Latin. I've studied about five other languages but no "ancient" languages ;-) Your enthusiasm is really infectious! I'm ordering Lingva Latina now :)
I love these videos man, I think it would also be interesting if did videos about words like, 'tree' or 'sugar', that are common in all indo- European languages that I am familiar with
@@polyMATHY_Luke Sugar would ve especially interesting because it also has cognates in the Farsi شکر (shekar) and Arabic سوگر (sugar). I'm pretty sure I mispelled the Arabic lol but you get the idea
Thank you for your another amazing video! I just have to kindly correct one little detail: Slovene word for 'world' is 'svet' (at least in nominative), not 'svetu' (which is its dative form). I love your etymology content, it is clear, logical and fun! Inspiring.
@@polyMATHY_Luke o poly capisce italiano te perché voglio spiegare che mund mundi mun mundohem mundohu che spiegacione in un altra lingua che te non lo conosce e deve dire fatica. Poi se e meunda deve dire me u nda che significa e separato. E parola Miri deve dire il buono e anche bravo invece Mir significa meglio e bene e quando sei meglio e bene puoi dire anche pace ma non sono in rusia sono de la lingua più vecchia in Europa. Se hai un po' tempo mi puoi spiegare qui 2 secondi etimologia de la parola lingua apri tutti libri dei Romani e Bizantino e anche vecchia glossos Grecia ce e lo stesso significato glun gluh glon glos gua gjuha gje-lun gje-los che anche i greci non lo sanno il significato ciao e ti saluto fra poco esce chi e lingua madre di Europa
I always use the things you say for my Latin lessons since my teacher is obsessed with the etymologies (and I am as well) and it helps me soooo much, thank you!!
Very interesting video about etymology. You make a lot of connections among many languages, of course, Latin included :). By the way, it would be great if you could make a video for Christmas related to Latin, the corresponding Romans celebration or etymology related to the words used these dates. I could use it to congratulate the holidays to my geek friends :D
Another amazing video. In Romanian, lume also came to mean civilization or people. Because wherever there was light at night that’s where people can be found.
At least I have understood why mir in russian has a double meaning. The comparison with the greek Kosmos has been the key to open my mind. Thank you. Bravo indeed.
Great video! With regards to the list of words derived from *men at around the 2:00 mark, I'll try to provide cognates in an Indo-Aryan language, Marathi. "माणूस " means "man" in Marathi. "मन" means 'mind', and मंद means "stupid" in Marathi too.
It is interesting to mention that in Celtic languages there is also a link between the notion of "world" and the notion of "depth", of "underworld". The Celtic root *dubno- gave "domhain" in Gaelic, which means "deep", as well as "dwfn" in Welsh and "don" in Breton. This root is also apparently found in "Devon" and "Dumnonii". Furthermore, the word for "world" and Gaelic is "domhan", of the same origin. There is another word for "world" in Celtic, which is "*bitu-", found in Welsh "byd", Breton "bed" and Gaelic "bith". This word would seem to refer to the world above, the world of light.
By the way: great video. I like your videos, because it is evident that you are person of very large and extensive knowledge with an ability and the need of understanding the things and words in deep (in profundis et ex origines). Today this is a very rare phenomena. Congratulations! and keep going with your excellent work.
(copying my comment in here after I accidentally posted it on the wrong video sorry) Hi! I'm guessing you already know this, but in case you don't I think you'll find it interesting that in Serbo-Croatian there are a couple of words for "space/universe" with different dialectal distributions. There's "svemir" in standard Croatian (lit. "all-peace"), and the Serbian "vasiona" (lit. "all-populated"). In both words, the first morpheme (sve/vas) comes from Proto-Slavic *vьśь (all), apparently from PIE *(h₁)wiḱ- (clan, settlement, extended family). I'm sure there are cognates for both of these in most, if not all, Slavic languages. Anyway, love your channel, great content and excellent presentation. I wanna thank you for enlightening me on Classical Latin pronunciation, I was taught Roman pronunciation in high school and although I knew there was this other system out there I was never told why, and back then I admit I didn't care that much. But I do now that I'm studying linguistics, and I've instantly converted to Classical. Still getting used to it. Speaking of Latin, I have a question if you don't mind - was Classical Latin syllable-timed or mora-timed? I'm finding conflicting answers online, although most say it was syllable-timed, with the exception of poetry which was influenced by the definitely mora-timed Greek. But what about vowel length in spoken language then, in your videos you explain how crucial it is to acknowledge different vowel lengths, and I agree, but if we treat long vowels as lasting roughly twice as long as short vowels, doesn't that make the language mora-timed? Maybe I'm just not understanding the concept of a "mora" right. I only recently started a linguistics master's, in my defense. Maybe you or someone in the comments can enlighten me. Well this comment got away from me huh. Thanks again from a fan in Split, just outside Diocletian's palace :)
Dear Luke, let me take the opportunity to thank you and to congratulate you for these language series!!! Being a language lover and admirer myself I really admire and enjoy your work. May I add, just in case it is interesting, that in Greek GER - (pronounced YER-) is the root for the word GERON (YERON, ΓΕΡΩΝ in ancient Greek)meaming OLD. It sounds to my ears very close to the WERE as in WEREWOLF both in meaning and in sound. Is this remark helpful at all? Keep up the good work!
👻 Watch "This is Halloween" (Mundus Pateat) in Latin! ua-cam.com/video/5bu4PVbzDlg/v-deo.html 🎃
from the Nightmare Before Christmas, all whose songs we are doing entirely in Latin: ua-cam.com/play/PLU1WuLg45SiwuGR1H6ZRhLvusm1iQN7ay.html
Enormous thanks to Stefano Vittori 🐌 who supplied the explanation of the Mundus Patet ritual of Roman religion; Stefano writes:
"Mundus patet is what is written on religious calendars in correspondence with three days during the year (August 24, October 5, November 8 ) when the mundus Cereris, a sacred well digged in the center of each town, is open by Ceres' priest (the "cānus senex" of the song). This well is placed in the exact crossing point of Cardo and Decumanus (the "quadrivium" which the citizens of Cucurbs, Halloween Town, surround, "circumsistunt"). The well, representing both the universe (mundus, "world"), an introverted altar (the only altar that was inscribed in the inner part instead of the outer one), and an uterus, and consecrated to the Manes, gods of the underworld, once opened lets the souls of the dead to go beyond the limit between the world of the dead and that of the living."
THE COSMIC ORIGIN OF A MUNDANE WORD
This topic was extensively researched, and may be verified at various sources, including:
Georges Dumézil "Archaic Roman Religion" : www.amazon.com/gp/product/0801854806/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=lukeranieri-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=0801854806&linkId=12083c3c3cfaa567e19a6ed91fdff5f5
www.etymonline.com/
www.wiktionary.com/
Thanks for watching, liking, and sharing this video! 🧛♂️ 🐺 Happy Halloween! 🎃 👻
"GENIO Y FIGURA": old saying in Spagnol
I'll do it , as soon as posible.
U know in Russian MIR means also world
@@danielmanukian3026 Of course I know. It derives from an indoeuropean root which means something like order. The world exists according a perfect order, the peace , meant as lack of war, is a shape of order as well. The greek word "Kosmos" is atrictly correlated. Ciao!
@@danielmanukian3026 Da ja znaju. Poka!
Loved it! 💚I didn't expect you to mention the Slavic word! I was positively surprised!! 🎃
I’m glad! 😃
Seeing a UA-camr commenting in other UA-camr video is a humble act. Thank you both for sharing your amazing work!
Luke is so absurdly UNthreatening that his cackling is even more comical.
Hahaha thanks! 😆
Which is even more interesting given that he also kills people irl :)
@@cerberaodollam wuy
@@lorenzoterribile3953 Well not exactly. He serves in the air force or something. But that doesn't mean he kills people on a daily basis.
This channel is spectacular. I really wish more people talked about languages as in-depth as you do.
Thanks so much! Gosh, I feel like I’m only scratching the surface! 😅 I could have talked about this for an hour and barely got started - these connexions are endless and endlessly fascinating
Check out Simon Roper's channel, he's very good too!
@@polyMATHY_Luke connexion?
@@appleslover apparently British English alternative spelling, didn't know it either :)
@@appleslover
con = with
nexus = center < ned = bind, tying
Man, subscribing to this channel has been one of my life's best decisions
Aw thanks! You’re very welcome here!
3:39 In Hindi, there's वीर (vīr), meaning "hero, brave one", from Sanskrit in which it also meant "man" (meaning not used like that in Hindi because there are other ways to say "man" now).
I cant put into words how perfect this channel is for someone like me. Historical linguistics, language learning, and etymologies are 3 of my favorite things in the world. Thank you!
Thanks so much for being here! I really appreciate your comments. More to come! 🎃😃
This is quickly becoming one of my favorite channels
You're quickly becoming one of my favorite subscribers! 😃Thanks for the comment. 🎃
@J D Aw thanks! 😃 I really appreciate it.
8:48 You can also use ''Свет'' to mean ''World'' in Russian. It will sound either more old-fashioned or more poetic depending on the context. It is also used in children's books and encyclopedias a lot.
For example:
''Всему свету известно" - "It is know to the whole world"
"Во всём свете не найдёшь" - "You will not find it in the entire world''
'''Таких животных нет на свете'' - "The are no such animals in the world''
You just made me think... Luke means Light...so in Star Wars Luke Skywalker symbolized the Light and his father, Darth Vader (Dark Father) the Darkness...wow! All these decades and it took your comment for me to make that connection... thanks!
Wow!
🤯
It's like in Greek mythology, the Goddess Hemera is the day and her brother Aether is the upper sky, and the air the gods breathe. Then, their mother Nyx is the night and her husband Erebus is the darkness.
thanks Luke for this awesome video! just a sidenote from another language family: in Hungarian (Finno-Ugric family) 'world' and 'light' are also connected etymologically. We say 'világ' for 'world' and in phraseological units it still has its original meaning of 'light': e.g. 'a szeme világa' [~light of his/her eyes] is a fancy and poetic way to say sight; or 'világra jönni' [~to come to light] is for 'to be born'. Fun fact: 'világ' [light/world] derives from the same root as 'virág' [flower/blossom] - just imagine a field full of flowers, like tiny light spots on a green canvas :)
Interessante come sempre! Loving these etymology videos.
Grazie mille, Tom! 😃 🇮🇹 Sono sempre contento di vederti qui.
*Миру - мир!* (miru - mir!) - Peace to the World!
А к тебе! 🕊
@@polyMATHY_Luke pax vobiscum = мир вам ; the same to you = и тебе того же / и Вам того же
Thak you, очень интересно = amazing = beeindrückend, spannend
@@polyMATHY_Luke и тебе
It's interesting that the romanians named the visible world after lumen, it makes sense for me. I love etymology so much !
Wonderful! 😃 welcome to the channel
Etmologia de palavras é algo interessantíssimo. Muito boa a sua pronúncia da palavra "mundo" em português, onde termina com "o" mas no cotidiano pronúncia-se como "u".
In French « monde » can also mean people. E.g., il y avait beaucoup de monde à la messe, there was alot of people at mass.
In spanish too. "Aquí todo el mundo viste igual" .."everybody here dress the same" ¡¡Todo el mundo a casa!!" " Everybody go home!!"
In portuguese too: "Onde está todo o mundo? (Where's everybody?)"
În Romanian "lume" also has this meaning of "people".
I was thinking about that too. Then began wondering about “immonde” meaning filthy/foul 🤔
In Greek too and judging by the comments it's probably the same in all the languages :P or at least in many of them.. I don't want to generalize :P
It's so fascinating that Indo-European is so rich of a language family also how they basically influenced and borrowed with one another.
Yes it is!
I found out the other day that "tail" in ancient Greek is "ouros" which is actually the same word as arse in English and in German.They are both located down the end of a body!Also the Latin word for 'fox" which is Vulpes is closely related to the English and German words "wolf" -two closely related canids.The English word 'deer' which refers to a specific animal- in German the word "tier" refers to animals in general.Disc is the same word as desk and tisch because each is flat-also dish.
Super intetersting, love it! As a Lithuanian speaker I found it interesting how Slavic languages have the word for world as "sviet", when in my own Samogitian dialect there's a word 'svieta'. It's a very old fashioned, it can as well mean world, but now usually means people, like a group of people. I think it's related to 'šviesa', which means light, just as the proto-Slavic word. But the current word for us is "pasaulis", which literally means 'under the sun'. "Saulė" being sun and "pa-" denotes being under or near something, so you get "pasaulis". It's the same in Latvian, "pasaule". Thank you again, Luke, for the great video!
Lithuanian "saule" is similar and closer to Latin "sol" and Slavic (Croatian) sunce [pronounced as: suntse] = sun, in English. Also in German language, as I remember "helles" means "bright" and in Greek is sun "helios". Or word "echte" in German is in Greek: "etteo" ... and we know what hell means in English. Word sister is sestra in Croatian. How you say in Lithuanian? And what is in Lithuanian word pa - in Croatian is: pod, or ispod, meaning under. "Pod" can also be = "ground". Sjedio je na podu.= He was sitting on the ground.
@@krunomrki interesting! The word sister in Lithuanian is sesuo. Similar to Croatian. And also, pa- is not a word, it's a suffix that is added to a word, and now it usually means near something, but can mean under as well. So like "pajūrys" literally means "near-sea" but it actually means coastline, with 'jūra' being sea. The word for under is "po" or in the Samogitian dialect "puo", much closer to Croatian pod. An example would be "jis stovi po tiltu"= he is standing under a bridge.
@@justames5979 "jis stovi po tiltu"= "on stoji pod mostom"; bridge =most (-om ending for instrumental case)
@@krunomrki bridge = tiltas, the -u ending is as well instrumental, like in Croatian. But in a very dialectal way, the sentence can be "ans stovi po tiltu"
- Anyone who starts learning Latin: Wait, what is all this cases thing?
- Lucius: 11:22
Its heartwarming to see how passionate you are about languages. Keep it up my friend!
Thanks!
In 13 years at school and several years full of studies I thought I've learned a lot. But then I watch your videos and realize: the best is yet to come. I swear, I'm your biggest fan. 🤣 Can't wait for the next one.
Luke! You are awesome. I have been following you for a quite while. And you kindled the spirit in me to restart learning Latin which I was so passionate about once. Thank you! Luke. Always keep that light shining.
Luke, it's incredible how well you can pronounce Portuguese words (I'm Brazilian and I loved your "mundo"). Such an interesting and informative video, thank you!
Obrigado, Onírico! 😃 Gosto muito do Brasil e do idioma português. 🇧🇷
In Polish: świat - world, światło - light, świeca - candle. The word "świecki" is derived from "świat" and means "secular" ("wordly") but sounds more similar to "świeca". There is an absurd joke, that says that secular songs are the ones that are sung with a candle in your hand.
There is also "świt"("dawn") from the same root.
@@sharkie115 Interesting. We have in Croatian two words for "dawn": "zora" and "svitanje".
@@krunomrki we also have "zorza" but it is mostly considered archaic.
Światły men,
Loved the video. Just wanted to point out something, in Portuguese we say "dar à luz" to mean "to give birth", but what it literally translates to is "give [the newborn] to the light". This doesn't really have much to do with the video, but i found it nice how it kinda correlates with the slavic words for world and light being the same haha.
I will 100% now occasionally begin cackling devilishly before saying "err... I mean Ciao!"
The Russian word «мир» has two meanings - peace and world, but that's because two different words joined in one spelling in the 20th century. Before 1918 the world was spelled «мiръ» and the peace was spelled «миръ». Then, the letter i was omitted from the alphabet and both meanings became «мир». So that SHOULD mean these two meanings have different etymology, but I can't affirm that, because I don't know for sure.
That’s a good point! I conveniently omitted that detail for the sake of time. Извини! 😅
@@polyMATHY_Luke don't you dare apologise to me 😜🤣
Russian *миръ* "peace" and *мiръ* "world" do have the same etymology, though. Originally these are *two meanings* of *one lexeme* . The common meaning is лад, порядок, согласие, соразмерность (harmony, agreement, accord, order, arrangement, proportionality, setting). The orthographical difference is from the Russian redaction of Church Slavonic, where orthography is more artificial than in Old (Church) Slavonic and serves to discern not only lexical, but even grammatical homonyms. In Old (Church) Slavonic (IX-XI A.D.) there are not such subtleties: "миръ" stands for both εἰρήνη and κόσμος.
P.S. So the Russian *мир* (world) agrees with Old Slavonic миръ (world) and that is an archaism, not an innovation. _Palaeoslavonicum vero_ свѣтъ is "light", as the Russian *свет* .
@@Alexandr-Andreev thank you!! New day, new fact!
That’s so interesting! I never knew Cyrillic used to have the letter i. Since I learned the alphabet, I’d figured it had always been the backwards n и. Very very cool history lesson. Since you say 1918 I’m guessing it has to do with the Bolsheviks eh? They reformed the alphabet after they seized power in the October Revolution?
Awesome as always, Luke! I'm so glad that I found your channel!
I've known (=believed) for quite some time that the matching masculine word for a WIFE in English is the word WIRE but that it was deprecated for the word HUSBAND many centuries ago and fell into disuse (in that sense, but _wire_ still means a cable, cord length of string, or even a message sent by telegraph). I absolutely love etymologies - keep it up, Luke!
what wonderful language nerd of a guy! A man after my own heart! Love how excited you get about words, they affect everything I believe, even when we don't know their nuanced and ancient meanings. Keep teaching!!!! Blessings
Just love you're way of explaining meaning of words ☺️. You finde all the bonds that connect all of us. It is fantastic 😃
In romanian, we have ”lume” for world and it is from lumen= light (latine). Why? Probably, after night, when the sun rise, the world starts to exist and we can see it.
I disagree. Lume means people, and only by extension it started to mean the Globe/Earth. But you can't call the Universe / Space, lume.
"E o lume mare" = Its a big world. Yes, but it refers to the Earth (inhabited by people).
@Robzah Still, this implies living beings.
"E multa lume" (there a re a lot of people), "Lume buna" (good people).
You cannot transfer the concept of (and thus the term of) world / universe to people (you cannot refer to a group of people as "world"). But you can do the vice-versa since the Earth is full of people.
That's my point: that lume means people, and only by extension it means world / planet, and only by a lack of any other term it can be used for Universe.
So the light (lumen) doesn't come from stars, but from the light humans produce (walking outside villages, at night, if you see light in the distance, it means there are people there).
@Robzah "are pitici pe creier" (he has dwarfs on his brain), or those conspiracies which said nazis live on the moon, or in an underground world. or that we assummed there are martians with human appearance.
Its in our instinct to be egocentric, to see everything with us in the middle.
That;s why it makes sense that the term for world is an extension of the term people.
It makes no historical sense that humans-romanians assumed there are other living planets / dimensions - alternate Universes, in order to refer to humans as "worlds". These are modern scientific discoveries. Thus it makes no sense to call people "lume" like they come from another planet/universe.
Well not exactly, probably comes from Rome. In Rome, the genius was the incarnation of the people of Rome (per example Augustus attributed himself this title for saying that he was Rome itself) and the genius of rome was the lux mundi, the light of World, the knowledge (in fact the illuminists called themselves after the "light of the thinking")
In Romanian, "lume" also came to mean civilization or people. Because wherever there was light at night, that’s where people can be found. But it is still interesting to read all the other theories in this thread.
This is also exactly what I do in my spare time. I look for the patterns and connections among the words in different languages. Cognates, false friends, calques, auto-antonyms, etymologies. I also find it interesting because when you begin to analyze a word, you're able to form a web and in another sense, let yourself become lost in translation
I love your videos on etymology!!!Thank you for sharing you knowledge with us!!
Aw thanks! More to come.
It's really weird to see you speaking English because my mind processed the information that you're a native Latin speaker lol
lol thanks!
Uau, você foi até as raizes mais profundas dessas palavras. You went to the most profound roots of these words, this is amazing.
Obrigado! 😃
Este canal é fantástico!
Hi Luke, first thing first love your videos, thank you for your hard work. My Slavic philology professor at university said that a possible explanation for мир meaning "world" is the Latin espression "pax romana". Romans would call the known world "pax Romana" (where they brought peace - ehm!) and so the word "peace" in Russian was influenced by this and got its second meaning "world". It's just a theory but I thought it was worth mentioning it. Greetings from Turin!
In Estonian and Finnish, the word for 'World' (Maailm/Maailma) is a compound of Earth and Air (maa + ilm/ilma).
In Latvian and Lithuanian, the word for 'World' (Pasaule/Pasaulis) simply means ''under the sun''.
But in Latvian, the afterlife is in Aizsaule : behind the sun.
You're awesome man!!! Extremely underrated!!
With the link between "vir" and "werewolf" you definitely killed me 😲 Thanks! 😄
A very interesting topic. Enjoyed it thoroughly. Thank you!
Thanks for watching! 😃
I just discovered this channel and I’m pleasantly surprised. I love the etymology of words as well. That was a very nice overview of Germanic, Romanic, Greek and Slavic. Congrats and lots of success!
Thanks so much! Welcome!
In Hindi, "world" is संसार (sansār), from Sanskrit saṃsāra "wandering, world" (same spelling, different pronunciation), from the root संसृ (saṃsṛ), which means "to go round, revolve, pass through a succession of states, to go towards or obtain, moving in a circuit". In religious context, the word is also used for the concept of karmic cycle, reincarnation, cycle of birth and death (or rebirth).
Exactly what I'm into and what I'm thinking about every single day! It's incredible how everything's connected and how WE're all connected 🧬🗣️
Your videos give me goosebumps!
You're creating an amazing content, Luke! 🎃
I really like how worldy is a contranym and that English "mundane" means worldly in the sense of "boring, down to earth", but the Swedish "mondän" means worldly "elegant, fashionable, cosmopolitan(!)". The French "mondain" being the root of both is of course also a contranym, having both meanings of worldly.
That’s a great point!
I love ALL your video about the etymology of words!
This was incredible! Very educational and captivating, so thank you very much for this video.
Thanks so much for watching and sharing! 🎃👻
It reminds me of that Italian song "Il mondooo..."
I love it
In Russian world is "mir" but the end of the world is called "konets svjeta ". Translated to English it means "end of (the) light". It is also posible to say "konets mira" what means end of (the) world.
This video is so deep and complete, you made an awesome effort, thank you so much for sharing this knowlegde with us!
As a student of old English your etymology is %100 right! Great work as always
Very cool man! Love to see how passionate you are about the topics, makes me feel much less of a weirdo for liking this kind of thing so much hahah, it means the world !
Much love from Greece, I love your channel by just watching this video!👏🏻😊❤
Ευχαριστώ πολύ, αγαπητή Μαρία! 😃 Θέλω να λέω στα αρχαία ελληνικά· τοῖς γὰρ λόγοις, ὦ φιλτάη, ἥδομαι σφόδρα καί σοι χαίρειν πλεῖστον εὔχομαι! 🇬🇷 ♥️
@@polyMATHY_Luke Αυτή ήταν μια ακόμα πιο ευχάριστη έκπληξη! Τα αρχαία σου είναι εξαιρετικά!!! 😯👏🏻😍
This has to be some of the best videos you have put out - along the one on Romans and macrons.
Oh thank you! I’m so glad you like them!
Great stuff!
I may be biased but the Romanian word is great. So Protoromanians saw how Slavs called it and said "we will use the word with the same meaning as you but using our Latin vocabulary".
Less than a minute in and im subscribing. Amazing work!
Thanks!!
Okay your evil laugh is TOO good
Excellente I enjoyed ., I am a first time viewer to your channel
This dudes voice is silky smooth. He should absolutely do audiobooks or podcasts.
Aw thanks so much! I actually do both 😃
My audiobooks store:
luke-ranieri.myshopify.com
My Latin language podcast:
ua-cam.com/users/LegioXIII
Although I’d love to be hired by a professional audiobooks distributor. I’m on LinkedIn if anyone wants to put me in touch haha. 😃
@@polyMATHY_Luke i was not aware! i will be sure to check them out. good for you :)
you are hypnotizing! amazing
Thanks!
In Russian we use "svet" as well to describe world/light :3
Круто!
@@polyMATHY_Luke lingua nostra vero loquerisne? (i have to beg pardon for my latin, never have been practised a lot using it in a conversation)
You still use it forworld or is it considered archaic? In Old Polish we had the word mir/mier for "peace" but it's extremely outdated. You'd have to look for Old Polish texts from the XIII-XIV century to find it. Świat is the general word for world.
@@polskiszlachcic3648 we have it vice versa. "Свет" is archaic and yet we use it quite often. For example, you can use saying like "на/во всём свете" for "in the whole world" and it will be understood by everyone, but using "свет" instead of "мир" all the time isn't really a thing.
@@polskiszlachcic3648 we still use it, and it's not archaic, I'd use it most likely in such a frase: Во всем (белом) свете/на всем (белом) свете. Например: Во всем белом свете не найти такого чая вкусного, что я отведал тут!
Thank you for teaching us ...as a Filipino Latin is very important language in church . .but I want to learn it to learn ancient literature in purest original form... Again im a fan of yours....thank you
Thanks! I recommend this video series of mine ua-cam.com/play/PLU1WuLg45SiyrXahjvFahDuA060P487pV.html
@@polyMATHY_Luke wow thank you very much its such a rich resources of my new assignment.... Maraming maraming salamat po...
I always feel as though Luke is speaking directly to me. He is like a linguistic pied piper luring us all further into the world of language.
Hey Luke, I think a recap at the end of the video (like in your video on the etymology of the word "ciao") would be really helpful. Love these videos!
You’re right! That’s a great suggestion. Haha last night I was so tired I didn’t even remember everything I said. 😅 I appreciate the comment! I’ll do that next time.
I have been watching your Latin stuff for some time but was not expecting such an awesome tour of euro linguistic history! Thanks Luke
Thanks so much! You have a great channel as well! Keep it up. Great to have another UA-camr of curiosities!
In Croatian there are words: um = mind; razum= reason; mozak = brain; misliti = to think; misao = a thought. Latin subterrum and of Greek origin hyppogeion ... Et sic transit gloria mundi! Mundus it could be of Etruscan origin ... In Croatian, being the Slavic language, world = svijet [ you could pronounce: sviet because letter "j" is intervocal, in Croatian always pronounced as letter y in English: yesterday ]; word "svet" means holly or sacred; and svjetlo = light (adverb. svijetao = bright). Interestinglly, word "mir" in Croatian means today "peace", and in Russian is, as said in video: mir = world. We have word "svemir" in Croatian, meaning: "kozmos" or "universe" (universe is, of course, of Latin origin). Early Croatian dukes and kings, known from period of 9th to 11th century, had names such as: Trpimir, Branimir, Krešimir. Those names became popular again in Croatia from the end of 19th century and today many people in Croatia bear these names. Some researchers were connecting the second part of these names with Gothic - mir or - mer, meaning in Gothic language: "great, glorious" (very offten in names of Gothic rullers of 5th and 6th century). From the other side, there are Slavic personal names ending in "- slav", like name of the first attested Croatian ruller with title of king (cca. year 925): Tomislav. Explanation of this ending "-slav" is in Slavic languages, where it comes from word: "slava" meaning "glory" and "- slav" would have meaning: "glorious". So, my first name Krunoslav, it comes from: "kruna" (crown or corona in Latin) + "slav" = "coronus gloriossus" (hahahaha). So, the ending -mir in Slavic first names (as Vladimir = name known from the period of Kievan Rus' to the nowdays Vladimir Putin, coming from the root "vlad-" meaning "to rul" in verb "vladati", or "vladar" = "ruler, master", Latin: dominus) it has two options: 1) or it is taken from Gothic names, or 2) it comes from Slavic word "world" and "peace". In the case if it is from Slavic "world" then the ancient name offten in Croatia: "Branimir" it would be equivalent to Greek first name: Aleksandros (because: alekso = I defend; andros, ander = a man); because: brani = he defens + mir = the world ... And about Latin language: it seems to me that Latin word "signum" = "a sign" in English is very similar to Etruscan word written as: zic - , in form of verb in 3rd person singularis in past tens: zicuche [ssikukhe] = "he wrote". Also, I have noticed that in Latin was expression: "ultima Thulae" meaning something as: "the final frontier". It is striking that Etruscan word "tular" means : borders, frontiers ... as in Etruscan expression found in inscriptions: "tular rašnal" = "the borders of the (Etruscan) people", because "rasna" in Etruscan = Etruscan people.
Lovely! Thanks
@Aa9 Za koji dio? Za ovo o slavenskim imenima i mogućoj poveznici s Gotima ili za ovaj dio o vezi latinskog i etruščanskog jezika? Pitam zato što literature i za jedno i za drugo ima prilično, mada za Etruščane jedna od temeljnih knjiga koju mogu preporučiti je "klasik" etruskologije: Massimo Pallottino: Etruskologija (prevedena na hrvatski). Postoji i dosta drugih knjiga na engleskom jeziku. međutim, za početnika u etruskologiji je dobro potražiti na internetu na engleskom jeziku: upišeš u tražilicu (google ili koji već koristiš) Etruscans i dobit ćeš dosta linkova na tu temu. Neke od tih stranica su vrlo kvalitetne, poput: "mysterious Etruscans". Inače, ja sam povjesničar (historičar) i slavist po obrazovanju, a tim se temama i inače bavim.
@Aa9 Jezik Etruraca ili Etruščana definitivno nije indoeuropski. Indoeuropski jezici međusobno su povezani srodnošću riječi u oblicima i značenju, što upućuje da su se u znatnoj osnovi svi indoeuropski jezici razgranali od istog, zajedničkog dalekog pretka, možda prije nekih 5 do 7 tisuća godina. Najstariji zapisani indoeuropski jezici su, smatra se, hetitski ili nesumnili u Anatoliji, oko 16. st. pr. Krista; mikenski grčki zapisan na pločicama Linear B slogovnim pismom (14./13. st. pr. Kr.), (dešifrirao Ventris) te najvjerojatnije najstariji dijelovi indo-arijskih Veda. Da bi se moglo kazati da je neki jezik srodan nekom drugom nije dovoljno da jedna ili dvije riječi slično ili podudarno zvuče, nego je potrebno utvrditi imaju li te dvije riječi isto ili blisko značenje. A onda, naravno, potrebno je naći i više od dvije riječi koje se poklapaju i u glasovima i značenju. Osim toga, jezici koji su međusobno srodni (razvoj od istog pretka, često pokazuju i sličnosti i podudarnosti u gramatičkim nastavcima i završetcima. Često se već po brojevima od 1 do 10 može utvrditi srodnost dvaju jezika. Etruščanski brojevi ne pokazuju sličnosti ni srodnosti s indoeuropskim, ali ni s recimo semitskim brojevima. Npr. 1=thu, 2=sal, 3=ki, 4=huth, 5= makh. jedina utvrđena bliska srodnost i sličnost etruščanskog jezika postoji sa natpisom s otoka Lemnos u sjevernom Egeju (stela s Lemnosa). Npr. riječ za godine/dob u etrušč. je avils, a na lemnijskom avis ... postoji i u brojevima podudarnost i u nastavcima, itd. Naravno, kad bi se našlo još takvih većih (duljih) natpisa moglo bi se više reći o odnosu lemnijskog prema etruščanskom. U svakom slučaju, stela s otoka Lemnos jedan je od najvažnijih dokaza za egejsko podrijetlo Etruščana, tj. za njihovu seobu iz egejskog prostora u Italiju, vjerojatno u periodu od 10./9. st. pr. Kr.
The connection of Luke to Latin lux is very spread in English but doubtful at best.
There were two common names in Latin: Lucius (related to Lux, Lucio in Italian with a soft c) and Lucas (related to Lucanus, from Lucania, from the Greek Λουκάς; Luca in Italian, with an hard c). The latter, Λουκάς , is the name of the Greek doctor that wrote the gospel, and the most likely origin of Luke as a name in English-speaking countries. It is true that there have been hypocorism between Lucius and Lucas (in classical Latin the pronunciations were particularly similar) and likely the connection with Lux helped the diffusion of the name. But as Luke come to English from the evangelist, the root "From Lucania" is much more likely than "Bright". Also because Lucius was a very common prenomen in Rome but it was not a name in Greece.
Man, your channel's awesome. I'd seen the origin of ciao video and it'd already blew my mind and then after UA-cam recommended me this one I knew I had to subscribe. Hope you reach at least a million subscribers soon!
Essa aula foi praticamente um ASMR!
Obrigado! ☺️
The Romanian word reminded me of how the word for "black" in German (schwarz), Dutch (zwart), Norwegian & Swedish (svart) is cognate with English "swart/swarth" which refers to something of dark hue and rarely used. "Black" comes from a root meaning "to burn, shine".
Absolutely fantastic. You definitely create the best etymology content I've ever seen. Can't get enough :) will have to check out your patreon :)
Aww thanks, Dominica! A new video just came out today! ua-cam.com/video/dAR6IFou-mc/v-deo.html
@@polyMATHY_Luke Luke- seriously your videos are inspiring me to start studying Latin. I've studied about five other languages but no "ancient" languages ;-) Your enthusiasm is really infectious! I'm ordering Lingva Latina now :)
Wow, this is what mind-blowing etymology is!
That evil laugh is so annoyingly cute. Just found my new ringtone.
I love these videos man, I think it would also be interesting if did videos about words like, 'tree' or 'sugar', that are common in all indo- European languages that I am familiar with
Great suggestion!
@@polyMATHY_Luke Sugar would ve especially interesting because it also has cognates in the Farsi شکر (shekar) and Arabic سوگر (sugar). I'm pretty sure I mispelled the Arabic lol but you get the idea
Thank you for your another amazing video!
I just have to kindly correct one little detail:
Slovene word for 'world' is 'svet' (at least in nominative), not 'svetu' (which is its dative form).
I love your etymology content, it is clear, logical and fun! Inspiring.
Super interesting. Thank you.
Thanks for watching!
Another great video!
Grazie mille, Davide! 😃🇮🇹♥️
@@polyMATHY_Luke o poly capisce italiano te perché voglio spiegare che mund mundi mun mundohem mundohu che spiegacione in un altra lingua che te non lo conosce e deve dire fatica. Poi se e meunda deve dire me u nda che significa e separato. E parola Miri deve dire il buono e anche bravo invece Mir significa meglio e bene e quando sei meglio e bene puoi dire anche pace ma non sono in rusia sono de la lingua più vecchia in Europa. Se hai un po' tempo mi puoi spiegare qui 2 secondi etimologia de la parola lingua apri tutti libri dei Romani e Bizantino e anche vecchia glossos Grecia ce e lo stesso significato glun gluh glon glos gua gjuha gje-lun gje-los che anche i greci non lo sanno il significato ciao e ti saluto fra poco esce chi e lingua madre di Europa
Thank you for today's video
I love the etymology episodes.
Thanks! More to come
Very interesting, thanks for sharing
I always use the things you say for my Latin lessons since my teacher is obsessed with the etymologies (and I am as well) and it helps me soooo much, thank you!!
Lovely and so refreshing!
Very interesting video about etymology. You make a lot of connections among many languages, of course, Latin included :). By the way, it would be great if you could make a video for Christmas related to Latin, the corresponding Romans celebration or etymology related to the words used these dates. I could use it to congratulate the holidays to my geek friends :D
I love your channel.... fantastic!!! 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏👌👌👌👌👌👌👏👏👏👏👏
Another amazing video. In Romanian, lume also came to mean civilization or people. Because wherever there was light at night that’s where people can be found.
Thank you! And yes you are quite right.
"S-a stins lumina lumii" :)
This was a crazy journey across the worldly word for World in Europe 😌 one of the best videos I've seen in this channel
Aww you got me there with the thumbnail.A greek person can't resist clicking a video that has something greek in there (even in the thumbnail 🤣)
Οὕτω γὰρ ἤλπιζον! That’s what I was hoping for! 😃 🇬🇷 ❤️
Very interesting video I can tell . Thanks
At least I have understood why mir in russian has a double meaning. The comparison with the greek Kosmos has been the key to open my mind. Thank you. Bravo indeed.
Grazie!
I'm literally obsessed with this channel. 😵
Great video! With regards to the list of words derived from *men at around the 2:00 mark, I'll try to provide cognates in an Indo-Aryan language, Marathi. "माणूस " means "man" in Marathi. "मन" means 'mind', and मंद means "stupid" in Marathi too.
It is interesting to mention that in Celtic languages there is also a link between the notion of "world" and the notion of "depth", of "underworld".
The Celtic root *dubno- gave "domhain" in Gaelic, which means "deep", as well as "dwfn" in Welsh and "don" in Breton.
This root is also apparently found in "Devon" and "Dumnonii".
Furthermore, the word for "world" and Gaelic is "domhan", of the same origin.
There is another word for "world" in Celtic, which is "*bitu-", found in Welsh "byd", Breton "bed" and Gaelic "bith".
This word would seem to refer to the world above, the world of light.
Absolutely fascinating
Thanks for watching!
By the way: great video. I like your videos, because it is evident that you are person of very large and extensive knowledge with an ability and the need of understanding the things and words in deep (in profundis et ex origines). Today this is a very rare phenomena. Congratulations! and keep going with your excellent work.
Thanks so much! 😊
No sabía que Victor Zsasz fuese políglota, instant subscription!
😄
(copying my comment in here after I accidentally posted it on the wrong video sorry)
Hi! I'm guessing you already know this, but in case you don't I think you'll find it interesting that in Serbo-Croatian there are a couple of words for "space/universe" with different dialectal distributions. There's "svemir" in standard Croatian (lit. "all-peace"), and the Serbian "vasiona" (lit. "all-populated"). In both words, the first morpheme (sve/vas) comes from Proto-Slavic *vьśь (all), apparently from PIE *(h₁)wiḱ- (clan, settlement, extended family). I'm sure there are cognates for both of these in most, if not all, Slavic languages.
Anyway, love your channel, great content and excellent presentation. I wanna thank you for enlightening me on Classical Latin pronunciation, I was taught Roman pronunciation in high school and although I knew there was this other system out there I was never told why, and back then I admit I didn't care that much. But I do now that I'm studying linguistics, and I've instantly converted to Classical. Still getting used to it. Speaking of Latin, I have a question if you don't mind - was Classical Latin syllable-timed or mora-timed? I'm finding conflicting answers online, although most say it was syllable-timed, with the exception of poetry which was influenced by the definitely mora-timed Greek. But what about vowel length in spoken language then, in your videos you explain how crucial it is to acknowledge different vowel lengths, and I agree, but if we treat long vowels as lasting roughly twice as long as short vowels, doesn't that make the language mora-timed? Maybe I'm just not understanding the concept of a "mora" right. I only recently started a linguistics master's, in my defense. Maybe you or someone in the comments can enlighten me.
Well this comment got away from me huh. Thanks again from a fan in Split, just outside Diocletian's palace :)
Dear Luke, let me take the opportunity to thank you and to congratulate you for these language series!!! Being a language lover and admirer myself I really admire and enjoy your work. May I add, just in case it is interesting, that in Greek GER - (pronounced YER-) is the root for the word GERON (YERON, ΓΕΡΩΝ in ancient Greek)meaming OLD. It sounds to my ears very close to the WERE as in WEREWOLF both in meaning and in sound. Is this remark helpful at all? Keep up the good work!
Love your channel. You've a powerful and forgotten knowledge up in your head. Hope see more videos like this. Greetings from Argentina
Hola ¡y muchísimas gracias! Sí sí, verás muchos vídeos así en el futuro.
🇦🇷 ♥️