@@maxx1nsane Who cares? I can understand a sentence without a dot but i can't understand what a "100Km" speed is. Is the guy talking about 100km/s or 100km/h?
@@rl_aaaa You can understand a sentence by deducing the punctuation, but you can't deduce what was the speed that that the OP was talking about? I would argue that puntuation is a lot more important than specifying the accurate speed for a car... Maybe @semiha.5480 was asking a question. Have you thought about that?
It's not just the architecture of the Mercedes models that impresses, the engineers' concern for creating safe, technologically advanced models denotes the brand's concern for its customers. Very well done.
@@MercedesBenz Tank you to all dedicated people who work to improve constantly the safety systems in modern vehicles in order to safe more people travelling on roads ! Full Respect Hat-off !!!
@@gian_m They have always been known to be a leader in crash safety, and I don't expect them to be any less. (We actually bought my wife's 2016 XC90 because of its crash safety engineering.)
Would be interesting to see the result with one eletric SUV against a more common sedan or a hatchback like a Mercedes A class or a C/E class. The sheer weight of the SUV could have catastrophic destruction on the other car.
Not very different from what happens when a mega SUV crashes a small sedan/hatchback. Something like a chevy tahoe crashing a toyota yaris. The only difference is that you dont need such a large EV to get a large mass difference.
@@dubsydubs5234 that ugly chunk of Steel is allowed to be on road. Safety standarts and tests are for the others. Musk brought to life one of his Child car picture, how cute it is really.
Great video. I am surprised that almost all test are at 56 kph or 35 mph. Am I the only one who would be more interested at a more realistic 55 mph tests.
I'd also like to see the speed bump test... Go slightly too fast over a speedbump so it damages the bottom of the car - where the battery is. This has actually caused an EV to explode.
Well a car can only crash once can't it?? Such a stupid point to focus on! EVs are safer than ICE cars - and no they do not burst into fire more often that a petrol or diesel car - quite the opposite
@@Greatdane-qf8kd typical devout believer comment EV's spontaneously combust period A lithium battery fire is hotter and more difficult to extinguish than an ICE fire When a Norwegian ferry company bans EV's you know there is a potential problem Yes a car only crashes once but damage a lithium ion battery and it can go into thermal overload and no car company wants to admit that
@@Greatdane-qf8kd I drive an EV myself. EVs do have fewer fires. It is the character of the fires that are the problem. Though not the purpose of the crash test, to determine what happens later, but it would be relevant to include a 24 hrs or similar, observation period after, in EV crash tests. I doubt any EV with one more deformed cells, will not catch fire.
I found it kind of funny how as a tech we are technically expected to treat wrecked EVs like there is a loss of isolation with the high voltage components, meaning potential for live high voltage being present where it should not be.
Romanian cars: Will last to 2050 and more Mercered in 5 years after warranty: Visit workshop! Car in emergency mode Battery dead, Stop and replace a battery! CHANGE YOUR CAR! BUY NEW ONE!
Accidents can only be completely eliminated when ALL vehicles on the road are completely autonomous with absolutely no driver intervention. Accidents come from driver error, even when an animal jumps out. We simply can't react fast enough but an AI that can, will be able to avoid it, as will cars with better safety systems (ABS being a huge game changer when that came in). Unfortunately, this is unlikely to happen in any of our lifetimes.
Thank you for putting out this video to transparently show the efforts that go into making a new technology safe. Adopting a new technology comes with educating consumers on how the technology works that makes consumers confident in putting their lives inside one of these vehicles.
If it´s designed well the occupants rupture before the battery does, so it doesn´t matter :) But I am curious, too. Also I asume side impacts are a much higher risk for the battery since there´s much less material between the other car (or tree) and the battery.
@@davidhenderson3400There is no evidence pointing in the direction that speed should be an issue, so they point it out?? Should it be any better having a 50 l tank of gasoline under your body while crashing at 60 mph I might ask??
@@Greatdane-qf8kd There are decades of evidence to show the difference speed makes. Give you a clue, in liquid fuel cars, the tank is not under you. It's usually behind you and in a separate cell of the vehicle. More speed does more damage. There is a specific point where the body gives way to expose the tank / battery. It ain't 35mph!
0 will never be possible as long as humans are involved. But it is a cool target to work towards and development especially in active safety measures will certainly help
@quelandil5738 hazard awareness should be part of the driving test, if you have the reaction time of a sloth you shouldn't be on the road . It would be easy enough to do have people watch a dash cam video and press the button when a hazard appears. Too many people drive like zombies and can't read situations on the road .
Pretty sure they DID do it with the batteries connected. One of the things they were checking for was that the high voltage system was disconnected. EVs are designed such that the high voltage does not leave the battery pack without the contactors being energized by the 12V battery. It looks like the 12V battery did indeed survive the crash: as evidenced by the hazard lights activating after the crash.
@@economicprisoner I'm not sure about mercedes but other manufacturers have devices to cut the HV connection when the vehicle detects a crash, usually a squib.
@@ianrobertson3419 They are set up to not react. In reality, those batteries would be damaged, and the area around the accident would be considered a toxic waste site.
@@marktwain2053 that's not how this test or any other test works. Of course the battery isn't going to explode, the cars are designed better than that.
Mercedes: There is no bigger purpose than saving peoples lives. Also Mercedes: This is our new AMG A45 S Four seater family car which does 168 miles per hour.
I want to see the heavy 9,000 pound electric hummer vs a compact gas car. The hummer battery weights 2,500 pounds by itself. More wear and tear on tires and roads
@@yellowwinner1 ? Search crash tests, tons of publicly available ones all done in enclosed space Just like this Mercedes one, i don't see what's unique about this 😅
Just like any other car, the weight of the car matters almost nothing when compared to a 65 kg pedestrian. Even a 1000kg car is more then 10 times as heavy
Even a motorcycle can be deadly in that case. Such a stupid comment “Now show us how an ev being used for terrorist attacks can be deadly” drunk driving is illegal.
@@Max10294oh Mercedes, please do not. I would have never bought a Mercedes ICE car because they look old fashioned and boring. But my next electric car might be an EQ if I can afford it. They look modern and you can see that the developers are good in aerodynamics.
@@Max10294 you definitely disqualify yourself by telling someone else that he is "not right" in his opinion about design and taste. If you understood the minimum about the design, you would know that there will never be a right or wrong concerning design. So sorry, you are out of the discussion.
Both are very heavy , what happens if the opponent is a light combustion car ? What happens with this high mass cars if the fastness is a little higher ? Is it weight then exponentiell ?
When the other car is lighter, the lighter car takes more damage than the heavier one. When speed increases, force also increases, but linearly. Simple physics.
Ich frage mich übrigens, warum beide fahrzeuge im gleichen orange lackiert sind. Beim crash lösen sich teile und fliegen herum, unter umständen ist es nützlich, zu wissen, zu welchem fahrzeug sie gehören, was mit unterschiedlichen farben leicht gelöst werden könnte.
We aim to build the safest cars in the world. The fact that the battery is not destroyed in an accident is crucial for the safety of road users and part of our safety concept. Defective batteries are reprocessed for reuse in vehicles, and after being remanufactured in line with the requirements of series production, the batteries are closely inspected to ensure that their function and quality are the same as those of a new part.
But the batteries are dangerous crash or no crash. Not to mention the cold weather issues, you know like turning on the heat to stay warm, charging times, charging cost, planning everywhere you go so you don't go too far and get stuck for hours! ..and so on
Hasn't been a problem for me, maybe you should try one and find out. The oil and gas companies sure want you to think they're all bad, reality is different.
Oh yeah, and the high voltage components automatically shut off in a crash, so you can't move the vehicle off the road... The older I get, the more I love old cars! :3
@@ianrobertson3419 Sorry, I like my classic Jaguar. EV's are just fancy golf carts. Worthless in the future too, when the battery is dead or cost more than the body is worth. And not to mention how ugly most cars are now days.
Mind you this isnt the NHTSA this is the manufacturer. The NHTSA will still do the same tests but its good to see that they are taking the initiative on saftey and showing the public the results.
Mercedes Benz has always been on the forefront of safety features. They came up with all kinds of safety features on every car now made that people take for granted... they all came from Mercedes or S-Class vehicles. Like the recent invention of air suspension raising the vehicle to where a side impact on an S-Class will raise the entire side of the car up as high as it will go so that the crash impacts the MUCH stronger subframe below the vehicle instead of the weak door or B-Pillar. That's an insane technology.
I get the concept, but making heavier vehicule will add more fatalities to the lower revenu class. A Mercedes EQA (2040 kg) against a Clio 2 (980kg) or a Golf 3 (1080kg), would unbalance the survivability in favor of the EV, without any concern of governements.
@markasread4349 I've lived in several cities/states in Germany over the last 10 years, and I've never seen or heard of a blackout from my friends or coworkers here. I also now have a home battery with solar panels. My biggest complaint is the lack of infrastructure chargers. I'm lucky that my office has dedicated chargers for each employee, so I am fortunate to just plug in for free. But there are a lot of EVs of various brands on the roads here- Germany needs to build more chargers to keep up with demand, and they need to offer more incentives to put in solar panels to take the pressure off the future grid.
Well u need visions. If u still reduce it significantly it is still a win. Till 2050 active safety will be on a completely different level with all the it advances
@Mercedes-Benz Thank you for all the nice work for our safety but the thing is as an old owner (E190-w201) i have to say that my only problem is all the cheap feel plastic in the interior and the cracking sound.. something that old cars dont have even after 30-34 year.
@@MKfoil Americans already drive oversized cars man?! So what's the problem? Seems like you only point to the weight of an EV - forgetting that they are much more safe than much regular cars on the road. Evidence points to the fact that EVs are involved in less fatalities and crashes in general in America due to the many new safety features that are installed in them.
This was an amazing video! This concept helps others understand that electric vehicles are a safe and smart vehicle. Everybody likes to say that they are useless and they are a stupid idea, but now I understand more and feel even more safer with electric vehicles than my own vehicle!
Please do even a minimal search of UA-cam and you will find many ev fire hazards. Us made evs are better, but water intrusion into the battery can be deadly
@@howebrad4601 Exactly, this video is one example of millions of variables. Plenty of potential for EV battery thermal runaway during an accident that can have toxic off-gas in the cabin and also explosive hydrogen. I've seen some EV explosions. A recent one was a Jeep EV that blew the roof off while firefighters were working on it. If anyone were in the car it would have not been survivable.
@@ackylles978 Wait until we have millions of old EVs on the road like ICE. Going to be a lot of fire/explosion hazards with old lithium batteries. Insurance premiums are already skyrocketing for a myriad of reasons all revolving around the battery.
@@practicalguy973 Don't worry. The situation can only be better. Electric cars have been around for more than 10 years and yet they are 16 to 20 times less likely to catch fire than a thermal car.
Okay so question for any automotive engineer... What is the mentality of going with something that is well known and extremely well documented to run off of a power source that is as environmentally destructive as Lithium Polymer or even Lithium Ion batteries that are naturally extremely volatile and completely unstable even on a good day when hydrogen powered vehicles are substantially cleaner and less of a risk to the general public where gas powered engines would only need a few modifications to run off of hydrogen fuel? I mean is it really all about the money and the fact that a company can charge substantially and ridiculously more money for an EV then a Hydrogen vehicle or even simple conversion kits? I truly am curious cause i'm not an engineer so i tend to take the common sense approach versus an engineers over complicate the hell out of anything simple approach.
Hi, Our engineers strive for a balance between performance, safety, and environmental impact. The transition to electric vehicles has gained momentum to reduce overall carbon emissions. Our team is committed to advancing sustainable solutions, and we appreciate your interest in these crucial topics.
I was thinking the same. I work for MB and drive the EQ models all day long and they just feel heavier almost like they could blast through a thick concreate wall.
@@Waldo1122let’s first make sure trucks don’t have loose chains or tools, deer don’t run onto roads, every pothole is fixed so tires don’t fail or steering components fail.
I noticed they voiced their concern about protecting the car battery! I wonder what happens at higher speed collisions when the batteries are damaged. What is the worst case scenario? A huge fire that even the fire dept can't extinguish? It is these things the public needs to know more about.
Well have you ever seen a transformer explodes on the power pole..... well But only the the more serious accidents this will occur and even ICE gas tanks also experience that in that scenario.
Congratulations to Mercedes-Benz for taking the initiative to conduct a groundbreaking frontal offset crash test of two electric vehicles. This demonstration of safety is a significant step forward in the automotive industry, showcasing a commitment to advancing vehicle safety and protecting drivers in real-life accident scenarios. Such efforts contribute to the overall safety and well-being of drivers and passengers on the road. Kudos to Mercedes-Benz for their innovative and forward-thinking approach to vehicle safety.
The thing these people don't mention is that these cars are 2x heavier than an average commuter car, like a small gasoline hatchback. The batteries increase the weight of these cars to be closer to industrial pick-up trucks, like the Ford F-450/350 than that of a traditional car/SUV.
Well, typical (small) ICE hatchbacks like Renault Clio (1150kg), Ford Focus (1350kg), BMW 1-series (1450kg), are not twice as light as comparable BEV hatchback but BEVs tend to be (a little) heavier -> such as BMW i3 (1350kg), Renault Zoe (1500kg), Nissan Leaf (1500kg). Comparing gasoline SUVs with BEV SUVs gives similar differences: BMW X3 (1900kg) vs iX3 (2150kg), Mercedes GLE (2500kg) vs EQE SUV (2400kg), and Volvo XC40 ICE (2200kg) vs Volvo XC40 BEV (2400kg). Overall, yes, BEV tend to be heavier than gasoline cars BUT it is weird to say BEVs are 2x heavier than an average commuter car because SUVs are always much heavier than hatchbacks, BEV or ICE.
Furthermore, a Ford F-450 on average weights 3600kg, a Ford F-350 on average 3400kg. Both way beyond the numbers I ran in my previous comment. These industrial pick-up trucks are almost three times the weight of your average ICE hatchback. With the average ICE hatchback weight (of the three mentioned cars) of 1315kg, BEV hatchback average weight (of mentioned cars) of 1450kg, average ICE SUV weight (of mentioned cars) of 2200kg, and average BEV SUV weight (of mentioned cars) of 2315kg, they are way lighter than your pick in pick-up.
Thank you for opening this demonstration publicly. I know we are going in the right direction when safety is in the mind of everyone involved in the engineering and development team.
It is our philosophy to test under real conditions. We call that Real-Life-Safety. Therefore, the batteries were almost fully charged. This is the usual procedure for us. This means that the batteries were at about 80 percent.
@@ChiliM4n Volvo does well in a lot of tests but not every test (updated IIHS side test, for instance they didn't get top rating). Tesla does quite well in most tests as well. Mercedes does well. Subaru does well. Some others as well now too.
@@lifeleisuresa1229 Although true, that doesn't negate the advantages of not having an engine in the front.... There can be a multitude of factors in one equation you know. Weight is also "only" a problem for the opposing vehicle, which will still benefit from the bigger crumble zone
We are not only fulfilling legal requirements but also going far beyond. There are several requirements from consumer advocates which are testing those situations and Mercedes-Benz is fulfilling all these requirements in the best way.
Hi there! In order to have a realistic scenario, both vehicles were charged to typical charge levels. This means between 50 and 75 percent. Have a nice day!
When you think about it in cities speed limit is 50 but everyone is going a little bit faster so this is good speed and what most people will be driving.
56kph is over the 50kph that rhe ncap demands for a 5 star rating. So already exceeding the highest security standards. Also these are speeds where you statistically have the most accidents, rherefore being pretty important
Pray you never crash with full speed - there is no car which can protect you in such situations well. Always hope active safety systems or you will do an emergency break and lower the speed before impact - that's why you won't see any test with autobahn speeds like unbreaked 130kmh into a barrier.
Take your everyday driving speed (say 100 km/h on a 2 directional road) minus what you manage to brake before hitting the other car doing the same. You usually don't crash into someone/something with 100 km/h when you drive at 100 km/h.
Excellent video, hats off to everyone involved, especially also the film crew and video editors. Can someone tell me what music was used in this video? Because it sounds amazing
Where did the standard crash test speed of 64 km/h go? Did Mercedes calculate the maximum speed for the smaller EQA 300 in the simulation so well that it knew that at 64 km/h this video would not be suitable for publication (with broken a piller in EQA 300) ?
Hello Jacek, from our crash research we have learned that 56 km/h is the typical crash speed during an accident outside urban areas. Furthermore, we are of course also conducting crash tests at much higher speeds.
I'm glad they're still focusing on safety. They now need to focus on getting back build and material quality. The new cars feel cheap inside and use a lot of cheap plastics. And they don't feel solid anymore. Parts of the interior creak and most rattle. Also, the safety features should be standard across the board. Radar cruise, blind spot monitoring etc shouldn't be optional extras. Only then can you brag about the safety of your vehicles. Otherwise, it only applies to certain models optioned with it and it doesn't apply to the whole brand.
Totally thrilled to know that there is such a deep technology as I was expecting. However zero fatal accidents looks like an utopia to be down to earth. I am only curious, the velocity told was the velocity of each vehicle or the combined velocity, thanks for your time.
That should actually work. Volvo set their zero fatality target in 2008 that by the year 2020 no one should die in their cars. After having recoded one death in 2021 (Volvo XC60 flew into a lightpole and a house after speeding at 100 kph in a city) they recorded 0 deaths in all cars sold in 2022.
German bad english from some boomers who think they are king... There is one thing which is more important to Mercedes Benz than saving lives, making maximum profit for their investors 🎉😂 Be honest and build B Klass Diesel hybrid 4 cylinder with tiny 150km battery and stop building overpriced soap round Tesla knock offs far away from your tradition. After the W213 W205 models you gravitated towards cocaine cars for the rich and forgot any heritage or traditional values
Interesting indeed. But what happens when an electric SUV like EQE SUV hits a smaller electric car, like a Smart EQ fortwo, VW e-up or Fiat 500e? Because of the incredible high mass of the SUV, the result might be not as “pleasant” as in this test.
Biased test. Hit the side (tree, pole) with great force - will the batteries be safe and won't cause the passengers to burn alive? And the second thing - how will a traditional car of a similar class (much lighter) behave after a collision with a heavy electric vehicle? Maybe you could post such a video (A-class vs EQA)?
Yup they are, otherwise the car wouldnt have a 5 star rating in NCAP. Regulations on HV-safety are pretty strict. All the tests you are talking about are also conducted.
Brilliant work to all the people who were involved in it, keep up the good work to ensure the customers get the best safety your vehicles can offer Quite impressive
Well made video. Great stuff Daimler. There is a cloud of sharp as razor dangerous particles flying. Was hoping to see less of such thing. I hope this will be improved in the next versions of cars.
It is our philosophy to test under real conditions. We call that Real-Life-Safety. Therefore, the batteries were almost fully charged. This is the usual procedure for us. This means that the batteries were at about 80 percent.
@@MercedesBenz thank you for the quick reply and info. That builds confidence that the packs in those at a high level SoC can get through without getting "cranky."
As an ex crush test dummy I am happy this video is out to showcase the work of my colleagues
Thank you! We are always very proud of them and their excellent job!
@@MercedesBenzvery funny
@@MercedesBenzLmao did you read the comment fully before replying to it?
@@MercedesBenzyoo i love your cars❤❤❤
@@abhi211-Tthey obviously did
Well done @Mercedes. I would love to see similar tests at 80km and 100Km speeds.
These are distances
@@semiha.5480 You forgot to end your sentence with a . (dot).
For that go Search about EuroNCAP OR ENCAP CRASH TESTS
@@maxx1nsane Who cares? I can understand a sentence without a dot but i can't understand what a "100Km" speed is. Is the guy talking about 100km/s or 100km/h?
@@rl_aaaa You can understand a sentence by deducing the punctuation, but you can't deduce what was the speed that that the OP was talking about?
I would argue that puntuation is a lot more important than specifying the accurate speed for a car...
Maybe @semiha.5480 was asking a question. Have you thought about that?
It's not just the architecture of the Mercedes models that impresses, the engineers' concern for creating safe, technologically advanced models denotes the brand's concern for its customers. Very well done.
As someone who used to be a crash safety simulations engineer -- this warms my heart.
Thanks for your positive feedback, Ewen! 🙂
@@MercedesBenz Tank you to all dedicated people who work to improve constantly the safety systems in modern vehicles
in order to safe more people travelling on roads ! Full Respect Hat-off !!!
How do you feel about Volvo?
@@gian_m
They have always been known to be a leader in crash safety, and I don't expect them to be any less.
(We actually bought my wife's 2016 XC90 because of its crash safety engineering.)
Lol:):)Do safety test in buses or trucks..
Would be interesting to see the result with one eletric SUV against a more common sedan or a hatchback like a Mercedes A class or a C/E class. The sheer weight of the SUV could have catastrophic destruction on the other car.
Exactly.
These are two EV's with the same weight and speed. Nothing of that in the real world.
Not very different from what happens when a mega SUV crashes a small sedan/hatchback. Something like a chevy tahoe crashing a toyota yaris. The only difference is that you dont need such a large EV to get a large mass difference.
A Cyber truck and an older car say 2000 model Renault.
New KIA 7 seater is 3.2 tonnes plus occupants.
@@dubsydubs5234 that ugly chunk of Steel is allowed to be on road. Safety standarts and tests are for the others. Musk brought to life one of his Child car picture, how cute it is really.
Great video. I am surprised that almost all test are at 56 kph or 35 mph. Am I the only one who would be more interested at a more realistic 55 mph tests.
US safety testing is only done up to 37mph, if you want faster Volvo does some test up to 75mph
They can't show you such an accidents, this is bad for their reputation
@@BANDERAZZ07RUSindeed. Also they don't show it with a smart fortwo getting totally violated by the big massive e-shit
There’s a video of a Rivian pick up tearing through a common steel guard rail like it was tissue paper. Only stopped by huge concrete blocks.
Above 55 mph you get battery explosions hence they never show it.
Let's see the T-bone test now
Didn’t they do the t bone test already, but using a ram in place of the second car?
Still would like to see it
they can calculate a safe speed (as they said early 56km\h for the test), and show you a good result.
I'd also like to see the speed bump test... Go slightly too fast over a speedbump so it damages the bottom of the car - where the battery is. This has actually caused an EV to explode.
How many tests did you do before you did not get thermal overload
There another video from the day after with the test center ablaze.
That’s a good question….They would never let you see that!
Well a car can only crash once can't it?? Such a stupid point to focus on!
EVs are safer than ICE cars - and no they do not burst into fire more often that a petrol or diesel car - quite the opposite
@@Greatdane-qf8kd typical devout believer comment
EV's spontaneously combust period
A lithium battery fire is hotter and more difficult to extinguish than an ICE fire
When a Norwegian ferry company bans EV's you know there is a potential problem
Yes a car only crashes once but damage a lithium ion battery and it can go into thermal overload and no car company wants to admit that
@@Greatdane-qf8kd I drive an EV myself. EVs do have fewer fires. It is the character of the fires that are the problem. Though not the purpose of the crash test, to determine what happens later, but it would be relevant to include a 24 hrs or similar, observation period after, in EV crash tests. I doubt any EV with one more deformed cells, will not catch fire.
I found it kind of funny how as a tech we are technically expected to treat wrecked EVs like there is a loss of isolation with the high voltage components, meaning potential for live high voltage being present where it should not be.
"Our vision is zero fatal accidents in 2050."....Romanian drivers: hold my beer 😁
Romanian cars:
Will last to 2050 and more
Mercered in 5 years after warranty:
Visit workshop!
Car in emergency mode
Battery dead, Stop and replace a battery!
CHANGE YOUR CAR! BUY NEW ONE!
Accidents can only be completely eliminated when ALL vehicles on the road are completely autonomous with absolutely no driver intervention. Accidents come from driver error, even when an animal jumps out. We simply can't react fast enough but an AI that can, will be able to avoid it, as will cars with better safety systems (ABS being a huge game changer when that came in).
Unfortunately, this is unlikely to happen in any of our lifetimes.
@@ElusiveTy If you think automation will remove accidents from driving, I have some bad news for you! XD
@@THESOSEXPRESS That's their mission failed then. I'm likely to survive 2050 and intend to drive 20th century cars as long I live.
Thank you for putting out this video to transparently show the efforts that go into making a new technology safe. Adopting a new technology comes with educating consumers on how the technology works that makes consumers confident in putting their lives inside one of these vehicles.
Oh yes, very transparent.
agreed
If it failed, ya think they would have showed?
@@VRacinglol
@@VRacingprobably idk
Would be useful to find out at what crash speed the battery ruptures!
If it´s designed well the occupants rupture before the battery does, so it doesn´t matter :)
But I am curious, too.
Also I asume side impacts are a much higher risk for the battery since there´s much less material between the other car (or tree) and the battery.
57 km/h 😂
@@tivrobobo
35 mph. Now try again at highway speeds like 50, 60 mph and with fully charged batteries. Did the cars even have batteries
@@davidhenderson3400There is no evidence pointing in the direction that speed should be an issue, so they point it out?? Should it be any better having a 50 l tank of gasoline under your body while crashing at 60 mph I might ask??
@@Greatdane-qf8kd There are decades of evidence to show the difference speed makes. Give you a clue, in liquid fuel cars, the tank is not under you. It's usually behind you and in a separate cell of the vehicle. More speed does more damage. There is a specific point where the body gives way to expose the tank / battery. It ain't 35mph!
Did you put real batteries inside or just dummy ones?
Production batteries at 50 and 75% SOC
flesh coloured batteries with black and yellow circles on the sides.
Zero fatal accidents in 2050, why didn’t you ask for a unicorn.
Commercial aviation has almost achieved that and it's much more complicated with less margin for error.
0 will never be possible as long as humans are involved. But it is a cool target to work towards and development especially in active safety measures will certainly help
Zero fatalities will be achieved when they ban private car ownership.
@@camokoy how would that keep accidents from happening?
@quelandil5738 hazard awareness should be part of the driving test, if you have the reaction time of a sloth you shouldn't be on the road . It would be easy enough to do have people watch a dash cam video and press the button when a hazard appears. Too many people drive like zombies and can't read situations on the road .
Now do it with the batteries connected and let’s watch the unstoppable fire that ensues.
Kind of what a was thinking🙃
Pretty sure they DID do it with the batteries connected. One of the things they were checking for was that the high voltage system was disconnected.
EVs are designed such that the high voltage does not leave the battery pack without the contactors being energized by the 12V battery. It looks like the 12V battery did indeed survive the crash: as evidenced by the hazard lights activating after the crash.
@@economicprisoner I'm not sure about mercedes but other manufacturers have devices to cut the HV connection when the vehicle detects a crash, usually a squib.
@@ianrobertson3419
They are set up to not react.
In reality, those batteries would be damaged, and the area around the accident would be considered a toxic waste site.
@@marktwain2053 that's not how this test or any other test works. Of course the battery isn't going to explode, the cars are designed better than that.
Q: What do you call two EVs in a crash?
A: A good start.
were the batteries fully charged ?
ask @Mercedes-Benz
about 50 and 75% SOC
Wowww 34mph, truly amazing work
Das Beste oder Nichts. Danke für die Meisterleistung und eure Prinzipien, die Fahrzeuge so sicher zu machen
Mercedes: There is no bigger purpose than saving peoples lives.
Also Mercedes: This is our new AMG A45 S Four seater family car which does 168 miles per hour.
Its not just luxuriousness alone, but the concern of the users.👍
....Kudos to everyone who was involved in it-Well done Mercedes Team😄😀....
Appreciate it!
I want to see the heavy 9,000 pound electric hummer vs a compact gas car. The hummer battery weights 2,500 pounds by itself. More wear and tear on tires and roads
Compact cars are for poor people. Not really a big concern.
What a lot of shit you speak.
@@kennyg1358C class is a compact car
It's great that you're taking the initiative and not waiting for other agencies to check the safety
every car company does this
Huh? Man are you even searching? literally every Company does this before they let actual institutions like the NHTSA do It for example 😅
@@CanisoGaming Read the title of the video, "public" is the keyword here.
@@yellowwinner1 ? Search crash tests, tons of publicly available ones all done in enclosed space Just like this Mercedes one, i don't see what's unique about this 😅
Now show us how this 2.5T monster squeezes the life out of a pedestrian when a drunk driver is overspeeding.
The car will stop on its own ;-)
Just like any other car, the weight of the car matters almost nothing when compared to a 65 kg pedestrian. Even a 1000kg car is more then 10 times as heavy
@@marioghioneto1275 true.
It all comes down to design and active safety features of the car. Well and luck
Even a motorcycle can be deadly in that case. Such a stupid comment “Now show us how an ev being used for terrorist attacks can be deadly” drunk driving is illegal.
Also there are some proposals to have invult breathalysers which would prevent drunk driving at all
Crash Tests sind einfach atemberaubend. Großes Lob an alle Beteiligten!
Thank you so much!
@@MercedesBenz make your EV cars look like your ICE cars, Mercedes ICE cars are the best, your EV's, not so much
@@Max10294oh Mercedes, please do not. I would have never bought a Mercedes ICE car because they look old fashioned and boring. But my next electric car might be an EQ if I can afford it. They look modern and you can see that the developers are good in aerodynamics.
@@rote-schote1126 you clearly don’t understand car design, the EQ cars are ugly, Mercedes ICE cars are very modern with a touch of classic design
@@Max10294 you definitely disqualify yourself by telling someone else that he is "not right" in his opinion about design and taste. If you understood the minimum about the design, you would know that there will never be a right or wrong concerning design. So sorry, you are out of the discussion.
Whenever I arrive at a destination that I drove to with my Mercedes, I'm always sad when I have to exit the car because driving is such a pleasure🤣
Just remember that you also have to drive back home. So that's something to look forward to.. 😉
🤮
@@davidanderson7138 lol
T-bone test at highway speeds? Rear end collisions? At best this could qualify as a glancing blow in the already designed crumple zones.
Both are very heavy , what happens if the opponent is a light combustion car ?
What happens with this high mass cars if the fastness is a little higher ? Is it weight then exponentiell ?
When the other car is lighter, the lighter car takes more damage than the heavier one.
When speed increases, force also increases, but linearly.
Simple physics.
@@koko-lores sadly 😢
@@koko-lores is damage caused by momentum or kinetic energy? kinetic energy increases with velocity squared.
The question is, what car crash test safety does it happen, why? Mercedes Benz, distributed by inchcape Barbados limited.
Ich frage mich übrigens, warum beide fahrzeuge im gleichen orange lackiert sind. Beim crash lösen sich teile und fliegen herum, unter umständen ist es nützlich, zu wissen, zu welchem fahrzeug sie gehören, was mit unterschiedlichen farben leicht gelöst werden könnte.
A test made by the company that manufactures the vehicle is very suspect to me. I don’t believe a word they say.
Well then check out the independent agencies that conduct the same tests. You will see similar results
I'm not much of a Mercedes fan, but one thing I know is that they know how to combine luxury with safety.
What about a rollover? If the battery is directly under the entire car, wouldn't that crush the roof completely?
Nah, sturdy enough roll cage
What about crash compatibility? Can you do a test where not two people are driving suv’s? Maybe a hatchback/sedan and an suv?
Is the battery reusable after the crash?
We aim to build the safest cars in the world. The fact that the battery is not destroyed in an accident is crucial for the safety of road users and part of our safety concept. Defective batteries are reprocessed for reuse in vehicles, and after being remanufactured in line with the requirements of series production, the batteries are closely inspected to ensure that their function and quality are the same as those of a new part.
Zero fatal accidents by 2050? Considering some EVs allow MORE people to accelerate faster than ever to 120+mph, goooooood luck with that.
But the batteries are dangerous crash or no crash. Not to mention the cold weather issues, you know like turning on the heat to stay warm, charging times, charging cost, planning everywhere you go so you don't go too far and get stuck for hours! ..and so on
Hasn't been a problem for me, maybe you should try one and find out. The oil and gas companies sure want you to think they're all bad, reality is different.
Oh yeah, and the high voltage components automatically shut off in a crash, so you can't move the vehicle off the road...
The older I get, the more I love old cars! :3
@@ianrobertson3419 Sorry, I like my classic Jaguar. EV's are just fancy golf carts. Worthless in the future too, when the battery is dead or cost more than the body is worth. And not to mention how ugly most cars are now days.
@@jamesgizasson you obviously aren't aware of fuel shutoffs. Cars have had them for decades now.
@@roylcraft lol, jaguar has made some of the ugliest cars in history. Not to mention their reliability is awful.
Very controlled test. Lateral collision would be more stressful to the battery pack, IMO.
Thats why it gets tested too...
Do think MB makes one test and then calls it a day?
You guys can't even spell Vehicle correctly. How is anyone supposed to believe anything said in this video?
U mean because someone from the pr department made a typo, the engineers suddenly suck at their job?
Yeah that makes sense
Mind you this isnt the NHTSA this is the manufacturer. The NHTSA will still do the same tests but its good to see that they are taking the initiative on saftey and showing the public the results.
Mercedes Benz has always been on the forefront of safety features. They came up with all kinds of safety features on every car now made that people take for granted... they all came from Mercedes or S-Class vehicles. Like the recent invention of air suspension raising the vehicle to where a side impact on an S-Class will raise the entire side of the car up as high as it will go so that the crash impacts the MUCH stronger subframe below the vehicle instead of the weak door or B-Pillar. That's an insane technology.
Tell me please who is driving 56Kmh ???
Do it at 80, 100 and 120
That's only at 35 MPH.
Most speed limits here in Texas are 70+
same here in SC.
What about both at 70 MPH?
or at 120 mph?
I get the concept, but making heavier vehicule will add more fatalities to the lower revenu class.
A Mercedes EQA (2040 kg) against a Clio 2 (980kg) or a Golf 3 (1080kg), would unbalance the survivability in favor of the EV, without any concern of governements.
Just picked up my new EQA last week, and I can't imagine driving combustion again- what a smooth ride, and safe! Thanks MB!
We're thrilled to hear it! 😍
@@MercedesBenz It is great. Please add solid state batteries with range of 800 km to once and for all end with range anxiety :)
@markasread4349 I've lived in several cities/states in Germany over the last 10 years, and I've never seen or heard of a blackout from my friends or coworkers here. I also now have a home battery with solar panels. My biggest complaint is the lack of infrastructure chargers. I'm lucky that my office has dedicated chargers for each employee, so I am fortunate to just plug in for free. But there are a lot of EVs of various brands on the roads here- Germany needs to build more chargers to keep up with demand, and they need to offer more incentives to put in solar panels to take the pressure off the future grid.
And what will you do when the gas station doesn't work anymore "lmao"
@markasread4349 I bet you'll do fantastic in a blackout as well...once you realize gas stations rely on electricity to work
That's why Mercedes are the best and safest cars in the world.
Bravo Mercedes-Benz, well done! Even as a developer for a main competitor, it makes me so happy to see us going towards the same goal. ❤❤
Come on buddy. 2050 0 fatal accidents? Thats impossible.
Well u need visions. If u still reduce it significantly it is still a win.
Till 2050 active safety will be on a completely different level with all the it advances
Not that Mercedes would ever lie about their testing…
This is how marketing crew earn their millions
If you dont trust them, then check out the tests provided by independent agencies that give out the 1-5 star ratings. Similar results
@Mercedes-Benz Thank you for all the nice work for our safety but the thing is as an old owner (E190-w201) i have to say that my only problem is all the cheap feel plastic in the interior and the cracking sound.. something that old cars dont have even after 30-34 year.
Always wanted a 190. Great cars and timeless design.
As a Mercedes Owner it would be honestly interesting to see also inboard views during the Crash of the smaller car > EQA 😊
There are similar videos - all you see is air bags
Exactly! Just to see how overweight cars would just wipe out regular size hatch for example..
But what about if it gets hit by a bus, im sure the battery would blow up. if you say thats crazy ive been hit by a bus so you never know
As a Mercedes owner I would be dreadfully ashamed to watch a group of engineers circle jerk themselves off over a stupid car😂
@@MKfoil Americans already drive oversized cars man?! So what's the problem?
Seems like you only point to the weight of an EV - forgetting that they are much more safe than much regular cars on the road.
Evidence points to the fact that EVs are involved in less fatalities and crashes in general in America due to the many new safety features that are installed in them.
Did those cars have Batteries in them?
This was an amazing video! This concept helps others understand that electric vehicles are a safe and smart vehicle. Everybody likes to say that they are useless and they are a stupid idea, but now I understand more and feel even more safer with electric vehicles than my own vehicle!
Please do even a minimal search of UA-cam and you will find many ev fire hazards. Us made evs are better, but water intrusion into the battery can be deadly
@@howebrad4601 Exactly, this video is one example of millions of variables. Plenty of potential for EV battery thermal runaway during an accident that can have toxic off-gas in the cabin and also explosive hydrogen. I've seen some EV explosions. A recent one was a Jeep EV that blew the roof off while firefighters were working on it. If anyone were in the car it would have not been survivable.
EVs still remain safer than combustion vehicles
@@ackylles978 Wait until we have millions of old EVs on the road like ICE. Going to be a lot of fire/explosion hazards with old lithium batteries. Insurance premiums are already skyrocketing for a myriad of reasons all revolving around the battery.
@@practicalguy973 Don't worry. The situation can only be better. Electric cars have been around for more than 10 years and yet they are 16 to 20 times less likely to catch fire than a thermal car.
Okay so question for any automotive engineer... What is the mentality of going with something that is well known and extremely well documented to run off of a power source that is as environmentally destructive as Lithium Polymer or even Lithium Ion batteries that are naturally extremely volatile and completely unstable even on a good day when hydrogen powered vehicles are substantially cleaner and less of a risk to the general public where gas powered engines would only need a few modifications to run off of hydrogen fuel?
I mean is it really all about the money and the fact that a company can charge substantially and ridiculously more money for an EV then a Hydrogen vehicle or even simple conversion kits?
I truly am curious cause i'm not an engineer so i tend to take the common sense approach versus an engineers over complicate the hell out of anything simple approach.
Hi, Our engineers strive for a balance between performance, safety, and environmental impact. The transition to electric vehicles has gained momentum to reduce overall carbon emissions. Our team is committed to advancing sustainable solutions, and we appreciate your interest in these crucial topics.
The problem is the risk of enormous damage that non EV vehicles 😮 will suffer when crashing EVs
I was thinking the same. I work for MB and drive the EQ models all day long and they just feel heavier almost like they could blast through a thick concreate wall.
Then how about they just pay attention to the road and get off their phone, then they won't crash into anyone at all.
@@Waldo1122 Sure, but what about the real world?
nailed that one haha @@Georgeed
@@Waldo1122let’s first make sure trucks don’t have loose chains or tools, deer don’t run onto roads, every pothole is fixed so tires don’t fail or steering components fail.
Was in an accident with a Mercedes when I was young. I was able to walk away without a scratch. Forever grateful!
That makes us very happy to hear, Manvel. Glad you were safe. 💪
I noticed they voiced their concern about protecting the car battery! I wonder what happens at higher speed collisions when the batteries are damaged. What is the worst case scenario? A huge fire that even the fire dept can't extinguish? It is these things the public needs to know more about.
Well have you ever seen a transformer explodes on the power pole..... well
But only the the more serious accidents this will occur and even ICE gas tanks also experience that in that scenario.
probably not as bad as with petrol.
Have you ever seen a petrol tank go up after a high speed collision?, it's really not pretty.
@@dexterjsullen Transformer doesn't contain deadly Lithium.
@@prasbTransformers contain very nasty, flammable oils. They burn quite well, and give off lots of toxic gasses while burning.
Congratulations for showing us this kind of video
Congratulations to Mercedes-Benz for taking the initiative to conduct a groundbreaking frontal offset crash test of two electric vehicles. This demonstration of safety is a significant step forward in the automotive industry, showcasing a commitment to advancing vehicle safety and protecting drivers in real-life accident scenarios. Such efforts contribute to the overall safety and well-being of drivers and passengers on the road. Kudos to Mercedes-Benz for their innovative and forward-thinking approach to vehicle safety.
Bravo ChatGPT
If i have ever seen a chat gpt comment, this is it 😂😂
What's the point in gpt commenting tho
So much going into these tests, I am impressed!
The thing these people don't mention is that these cars are 2x heavier than an average commuter car, like a small gasoline hatchback. The batteries increase the weight of these cars to be closer to industrial pick-up trucks, like the Ford F-450/350 than that of a traditional car/SUV.
Well, typical (small) ICE hatchbacks like Renault Clio (1150kg), Ford Focus (1350kg), BMW 1-series (1450kg), are not twice as light as comparable BEV hatchback but BEVs tend to be (a little) heavier -> such as BMW i3 (1350kg), Renault Zoe (1500kg), Nissan Leaf (1500kg). Comparing gasoline SUVs with BEV SUVs gives similar differences: BMW X3 (1900kg) vs iX3 (2150kg), Mercedes GLE (2500kg) vs EQE SUV (2400kg), and Volvo XC40 ICE (2200kg) vs Volvo XC40 BEV (2400kg). Overall, yes, BEV tend to be heavier than gasoline cars BUT it is weird to say BEVs are 2x heavier than an average commuter car because SUVs are always much heavier than hatchbacks, BEV or ICE.
Furthermore, a Ford F-450 on average weights 3600kg, a Ford F-350 on average 3400kg. Both way beyond the numbers I ran in my previous comment. These industrial pick-up trucks are almost three times the weight of your average ICE hatchback. With the average ICE hatchback weight (of the three mentioned cars) of 1315kg, BEV hatchback average weight (of mentioned cars) of 1450kg, average ICE SUV weight (of mentioned cars) of 2200kg, and average BEV SUV weight (of mentioned cars) of 2315kg, they are way lighter than your pick in pick-up.
1:46 placing the dummies behind the interviewed person is funny :)
Thank you for opening this demonstration publicly. I know we are going in the right direction when safety is in the mind of everyone involved in the engineering and development team.
Question is, are the batteries fully charged or are they inert?
It is our philosophy to test under real conditions. We call that Real-Life-Safety. Therefore, the batteries were almost fully charged. This is the usual procedure for us. This means that the batteries were at about 80 percent.
always trust MB for the highest safety standard
you better trust EuroNCAP, IIHS and others about safety...
Volvo
@@ChiliM4n Volvo does well in a lot of tests but not every test (updated IIHS side test, for instance they didn't get top rating). Tesla does quite well in most tests as well. Mercedes does well. Subaru does well. Some others as well now too.
@@Tschacki_Quackisince they consistently overachieve on ncap op should be fine ;-)
The shown test already exceeds ncap regulations in spees
No thanks I'd rather have a non German car
Safest option. Build piston cars, that are lighter and do not have dangerous batteries onboard. Might be a good idea for safety...
Safety is actually higher, since having no engine un front helps reducing impact
Well, they haven't figured it out in the 100 or so years of gas cars, time to step aside.
@@lifeleisuresa1229 Although true, that doesn't negate the advantages of not having an engine in the front.... There can be a multitude of factors in one equation you know.
Weight is also "only" a problem for the opposing vehicle, which will still benefit from the bigger crumble zone
Will there be a similar video of these tanks hitting pedestrians or an EV fire taking hours to be put out?
We are not only fulfilling legal requirements but also going far beyond. There are several requirements from consumer advocates which are testing those situations and Mercedes-Benz is fulfilling all these requirements in the best way.
May I ask the question, were these EVs fully charged or discharged, this would , in my opinion, be very important
Hi there! In order to have a realistic scenario, both vehicles were charged to typical charge levels. This means between 50 and 75 percent. Have a nice day!
Jetzt hätte ich gerne einen orangenen EQ. Sieht ja mega aus!
Large electric suvs love the world and how every NPC is flying around in a 5-6k lb lithium and steel tank
Béla Barényi would have been proud of this 👍👍
I have always wondered why crash test cars are always orange but now I know! Learn something new every day.
My question is: who crash at 56kmh?! Are we continue having these tests with such a low speed? Just saying
The reason the results are so so good!
When you think about it in cities speed limit is 50 but everyone is going a little bit faster so this is good speed and what most people will be driving.
56kph is over the 50kph that rhe ncap demands for a 5 star rating. So already exceeding the highest security standards.
Also these are speeds where you statistically have the most accidents, rherefore being pretty important
Pray you never crash with full speed - there is no car which can protect you in such situations well. Always hope active safety systems or you will do an emergency break and lower the speed before impact - that's why you won't see any test with autobahn speeds like unbreaked 130kmh into a barrier.
At which speed do you usually crash?
Take your everyday driving speed (say 100 km/h on a 2 directional road) minus what you manage to brake before hitting the other car doing the same. You usually don't crash into someone/something with 100 km/h when you drive at 100 km/h.
can you make a crash test with a S-Class Maybach collide with a AMG GT?
00:39 Vehilce Safety
Thank you for your attention, we have reported the misspelling to our editors. 😊
The most important consideration is ensuring the WiFi HotSpot remains operational 😂
Excellent video, hats off to everyone involved, especially also the film crew and video editors.
Can someone tell me what music was used in this video? Because it sounds amazing
Where did the standard crash test speed of 64 km/h go? Did Mercedes calculate the maximum speed for the smaller EQA 300 in the simulation so well that it knew that at 64 km/h this video would not be suitable for publication (with broken a piller in EQA 300) ?
Hello Jacek, from our crash research we have learned that 56 km/h is the typical crash speed during an accident outside urban areas. Furthermore, we are of course also conducting crash tests at much higher speeds.
Hopefully the engineers take their jobs seriously, unlike the person that had to do the proofreading for this clip (0:38).
We apologize for the misspelling, we have reported it to our editors. Thank you very much!
I'm glad they're still focusing on safety. They now need to focus on getting back build and material quality. The new cars feel cheap inside and use a lot of cheap plastics. And they don't feel solid anymore. Parts of the interior creak and most rattle. Also, the safety features should be standard across the board. Radar cruise, blind spot monitoring etc shouldn't be optional extras. Only then can you brag about the safety of your vehicles. Otherwise, it only applies to certain models optioned with it and it doesn't apply to the whole brand.
❤💯 einfach toll, was wir so auf die Beine stellen. Danke an alle Kollegen!
I am currently working as strutural crash safety engineer for passenger cars. Its really feels good to see these things in youtube.
You guys need to put 3 impact bars in. One in the middle one on the bottom and one on top
Totally thrilled to know that there is such a deep technology as I was expecting. However zero fatal accidents looks like an utopia to be down to earth. I am only curious, the velocity told was the velocity of each vehicle or the combined velocity, thanks for your time.
That should actually work. Volvo set their zero fatality target in 2008 that by the year 2020 no one should die in their cars. After having recoded one death in 2021 (Volvo XC60 flew into a lightpole and a house after speeding at 100 kph in a city) they recorded 0 deaths in all cars sold in 2022.
I doubt cars are being driven by people in 27 years. Those politician timeframes are nonsense.
My father use to say: "- There are 2 car brands in the world: Mercedes and the others"
He was right! 😁
Used to be so😢 not now
German English is so funny
German bad english from some boomers who think they are king...
There is one thing which is more important to Mercedes Benz than saving lives, making maximum profit for their investors 🎉😂
Be honest and build B Klass Diesel hybrid 4 cylinder with tiny 150km battery and stop building overpriced soap round Tesla knock offs far away from your tradition. After the W213 W205 models you gravitated towards cocaine cars for the rich and forgot any heritage or traditional values
German engineering at its absolute best. Kudos.
Interesting indeed. But what happens when an electric SUV like EQE SUV hits a smaller electric car, like a Smart EQ fortwo, VW e-up or Fiat 500e? Because of the incredible high mass of the SUV, the result might be not as “pleasant” as in this test.
The same as with ice cars with big weight difference. The small one is fucked. This isnt an ev specific problem
In the past, a crash test was done with an Audi SUV (Q7?) and a Smart ForTwo. Most interesting.@@quelandil5738
@@quelandil5738 yeah it‘s a money problem - who can afford the biggest car 🤦♂️
Always thanking about people's safety. Luv that!❤
Safety is the most important thing to us! Always. ♥️
Biased test. Hit the side (tree, pole) with great force - will the batteries be safe and won't cause the passengers to burn alive?
And the second thing - how will a traditional car of a similar class (much lighter) behave after a collision with a heavy electric vehicle? Maybe you could post such a video (A-class vs EQA)?
Yup they are, otherwise the car wouldnt have a 5 star rating in NCAP. Regulations on HV-safety are pretty strict. All the tests you are talking about are also conducted.
The matrix-cam is a nice touch :)
Mercedes does not = engineering excellence. They make very unreliable vehicles. Generating income is their top priority now.
I can respect the fact that comments are enabled and they're willing to poke a bit of fun here and there...
Brilliant work to all the people who were involved in it, keep up the good work to ensure the customers get the best safety your vehicles can offer
Quite impressive
how long does it take to render the simulation? it looks really impressive!
It may vary depending on the test. In Sindelfingen alone, Mercedes-Benz conducts up to 900 crash tests and 1,700 sled tests every year.
Whooosh!
The most sold EV are Tesla, so do a crash test versus a Tesla.
If you claim it to be "public" then post the entire full data for free to read.
3:29 for the actual crash footage
That is very cool, is that a bullet time rig I see there as well?
Well made video. Great stuff Daimler. There is a cloud of sharp as razor dangerous particles flying. Was hoping to see less of such thing. I hope this will be improved in the next versions of cars.
What was the state of charge of the two EV packs prior to the test? >80%
It is our philosophy to test under real conditions. We call that Real-Life-Safety. Therefore, the batteries were almost fully charged. This is the usual procedure for us. This means that the batteries were at about 80 percent.
@@MercedesBenz thank you for the quick reply and info. That builds confidence that the packs in those at a high level SoC can get through without getting "cranky."