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Would it not be correct in saying we are an Germanic people. Also people forget about the yamnaya dna across Easter, and western Europe that connects us.

Thank you, bery well done! Just gotta say one thing: the plural of Augustus is Augusti, not sugustusses.

My 4 x Gt Grandmother was a Kerr and not proven yet, I potentially have Hunter ancestors.

Hi Alex ..do you know how and where i can get my DNA accurately tested? Many thanks

my surname is burn, i too get the urge to steal cattle 🤣

Mero vin gian marrow vinn gee ann

And we Brazilians are miscigenated from many peoples around the world...see my DNA ancestry results.. Europe 34% Western Europe 17% Germany, France and the Netherlands British Isles Iberia 12% Italy 4% Eastern European < 2% Americas 7%...tribe.ticuna Tupi-guarani..Africa 59% Costa da Mina 40% West Africa 8% East Africa 6% Great Lakes Region (Eastern Bantu Peoples) Western Kenya Senegambia < 3% Send < 3% Tree. < 2..Congo....Paternal Lineage Its haplogroup is: AT Born between 35 and 28 thousand years ago, haplogroup I represents one of the first peoples of Europe, possessing several descendant lineages that spread throughout European territory during the last Ice Age, having its maximum frequency in the Balkans. It is one of the most numerous haplogroups among European men, being the second largest paternal lineage found on the continent (losing only to the R lineage). Its branch I1 is related to Nordic Europe, ancestral of the Germanic tribes and Vikings, while I2 is strongly related to Neolithic cultures. Its haplogroup is: A Haplogroup A arose in Asia about 40 to 60 thousand years ago. Descendants of the N lineage, representatives of this haplogroup can be found from Central Asia to Siberia and regions of the Americas. It is believed that this lineage originated in Asia and continued towards America, passing through the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age.

And we Brazilians are miscigenated from many peoples around the world...see my DNA ancestry results.. Europe 34% Western Europe 17% Germany, France and the Netherlands British Isles Iberia 12% Italy 4% Eastern European < 2% Americas 7%...tribe.ticuna Tupi-guarani..Africa 59% Costa da Mina 40% West Africa 8% East Africa 6% Great Lakes Region (Eastern Bantu Peoples) Western Kenya Senegambia < 3% Send < 3% Tree. < 2..Congo....Paternal Lineage Its haplogroup is: AT Born between 35 and 28 thousand years ago, haplogroup I represents one of the first peoples of Europe, possessing several descendant lineages that spread throughout European territory during the last Ice Age, having its maximum frequency in the Balkans. It is one of the most numerous haplogroups among European men, being the second largest paternal lineage found on the continent (losing only to the R lineage). Its branch I1 is related to Nordic Europe, ancestral of the Germanic tribes and Vikings, while I2 is strongly related to Neolithic cultures. Its haplogroup is: A Haplogroup A arose in Asia about 40 to 60 thousand years ago. Descendants of the N lineage, representatives of this haplogroup can be found from Central Asia to Siberia and regions of the Americas. It is believed that this lineage originated in Asia and continued towards America, passing through the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age.

I’m from Workington (coincidentally) and uppies and downies is played at Easter in Workington (45 minute drive from Carlisle, nowhere near really)

The frontiersman Jim Bowie re-invented the multi-purpose tool/weapon named after him, and with it went an ethos of self reliance, fare trade (in pelts), and getting up-close and personal in a fight. That the Saxons were named after the sax (the same 'weapon of choice') speaks to a similar ethos/an ethical identity.

Thank you so much for this. This is the first deep dive I've been able to find on this wonderful Goddess. Super good stuff

Steve Roud in his 'The English Year' notes that although mistletoe had featured along with all types of evergreens in the decoration of homes and streets at Christmas from at least the late 16th century the earliest reference to actually kissing under mistletoe is only from 1813. The idea of a bunch of mistletoe hung from the ceiling appears to be a simpler version of the far more elaborate 18th century 'Kissing Bough'.

Great video. Do you happen to have any references for the Leicester information, please?

Several points. 1. We have Dutch archeology showing agricultural collapse along the coastal region (upto Schleswig-Holstein) and depopulation from 300AD. Recovery around 400AD and after. 2. We have Eutropius writing about the German (North) Sea being rife with 'saxon' pirates in 280AD and the coasts of Beligica, Gallia and possibly Britannia being "infested with Franks and Saxons". 3. We have king lists that include very mythological names (Asc/Oisc, Hengist etc..) and others that look very 'Celtic'. 4. The very name "Saxon" may actually be a Roman description to cover the plethora of coastal Germanic tribes, who's only common feature was....a certain knife called "seax".

Wow you are amazing man ! Great work .

The Anglo-Saxons were not Anglo-Saxons before they arrived in Britain. They were of diverse folk and tribal confederation origins. The ethnogenesis of the English people occurred in Britain. The Anglo-Saxons were not merely transplanted from the North Sea coastlands of continental Europe, they evolved in Britain, through interactions among themselves and with the native peoples of Britain.

Interesting stuff, I was unaware of the preponderance of Germanic troops within the Late Roman army in Britain, though I knew of the Alemannic general Crocus and his part in the elevation of Constantine the Great, in York. Many elite troops were probably stripped from Britain during the continental expedition of Constantine III, in his bid to usurp the throne of Honorius, aided by his British general, Gerontius. You had a tendency here to add extra sounds to, or take them away from, Roman personal names - Germanicus rather than Germanus, Carasus, rather than Carausius (ka-row-see-us), Allecetus rather than Allectus (al-ek-tus) and Constantinius, rather than Constantius (kon-stan-tee-us, Constantius Chrorus), which threw me slightly.

Don't believe the hype - we were way better off under feudalism. More freedom, less work, better environment, bigger families and a rich lord responsibile for our wellbeing from crib to grave.

Very interesting, cheers.

The Romans best army in world sent packing shitting them selfs building a fk off massive wall...vikings tried it on & london & germans 😅 Say no more always up for it and winning

Im still a border reiver

Newcastle the last castle in uk bk thn

The image of peasants carolling in a pewless church finally connect the word carol to the word coral for me. The image of horses running in circles in an enclosed menage melding with raucous tipsey peasants dancing.

Another great upload. Thank you, Alex. Merry Christmas 🎁🎄

BTW for orthodox Christians Easter still is (even today) the most important religious event in the calender

How would Christian’s react to indigenous religions requests to exchange missionaries??

In Germany horse meat is also eaten (not that much used to be more) but there exist dedicated horse butchers & shops in certain towns & cities. And as to the symbolism- many areas like Lower Saxony or Westfalia use horse in their coat of arms/flags etc.

I wish the border was still down to the Tees

Being from County Durham We're far more culturally connected to the people of Edinburgh, lothians & the borders. Than the rest of England. It's totally obvious to myself.

I love your presentation style and your accent. It makes it all so clear. You' ve got a new subscriber.

We in the N/E or the historical Kingdom of Northumbria. Have exactly the same culture, all the way up to Edinburgh. Which was also part of the Kingdom of Northumbria. But go South towards Yorkshire & the difference is as clear as day to me. Bearing in mind I've worked in every part of the UK & Ireland over the past 4 decades. The only area that I've came across that is as similar as my local culture & I mean near identical are those on the other side of the border. All the way up to Edinburgh.

I'm not an Anglo Saxon, for all I must be at least the 100th generation of my family. In the area of N/E England I'm from. We have lower than 3% Anglo Saxon DNA. In fact I'm pretty certain I've more Asian DNA in my genealogy than Anglo Saxon.

Francis Pryor has also argued persuasively that the Anglo Saxons were an invention, a fashion of convenience for Romano British elites and their North Sea military caste who themselves had been in Britain for a couple of centuries before Rome collapsed.

Oppenheimer, among others, argued that the proto Germanic, or West Germanic DNA had been in parts of what is now England since before the Romans arrived. He argues that the Belgae were a hybrid Celtic and proto Germanic people and entered Britain before the Romans. Also, there are good theories suggesting a portion of the Britons were always directly related to the population of the Nordwest Bloc, which was neither Celtic nor Germanic.

Happy Christmas Alex! Love your vids!

I read slaves had sunday off.

Glæd Geol, Wes þu hal. 🍻🍻

Merry Christmas everyone xxx

The sheriff of Nottingham has existed since the dawn of time and exists even more now. Robbers in disguise. When I was a kid, we were told boxing day was the day you threw the empty boxes out 😂😂 We still do the first footing. We don't do the eldest male thing, the kids go into the house first.They are the future.

Merry Christmas, Alex. Happy Soltice ✌️ All the best for 2025 🎄☘️

Another great episode. It's great seeing how many of our traditions stem back from the medieval period.

great video

Hope you have a fantastic Christmas 🎄 & looking forward to more in 2025!

Thank you, Alex. A fascinating episode, and great to see so much continuation of the Mediaeval Christmas in our Christmas and New Year today. We still do First Foot in our household, too!

Great vid, Alex, thanks for sharing! What surprises me most is how little things have changed in a lot of ways! Sounds like Christmas would be the easiest time of year for an unwitting time traveller from the present to be transported back to the middle ages after a bump on the head, we'd recognise a lot of the traditions and have half a chance of blending in and making friends if everyone was smashed and partying lol :D Seasons greetings to you and my fellow viewers! :)

Be great to know more about the walls around Newcastle. There's still the odd bit still standing and looks quite impressive

William Redcoat Bell and Nianen Bell fam checking in

Some of us are still here in the Borders, biding our time. 😉