Hey even-though you might not see this , i just wanted to appreciate your teaching. It has helped me a lot through my college. I have never done chemistry before trying to study university level chemistry , if it wasn't your detailed and well explained videos , i would have not made it. You are the best.
You have no idea how helpful this is! I am a chemical engineering major and have been struggling orgo and my professor never knows how to help me. Your videos are truly the best, most helpful and broken-down examples on YT! please don't stop making videos! Thank you so so so much!
oh wow, I'm sorry to hear that your professor wasn't able to explain this for you, but I'm happy to hear that in just 5 minutes everything turned around
That's awesome! perfect timing. You should also watch my substitution elimination series leah4sci.com/nucleophilic-substitution-and-beta-elimination-sn1-sn2-e1-e2-reactions/
This is a great vid. First vid I watched that broke done exactly what a nucleophile and electrophile were clearly. I hope future organic chemistry students come across this great vid
Your explanations are so straightforward. Thank you so much for this. I will be sure to check out your other videos... it's been a long time since I did organic so I'm using these to help me catch up for an online graduate class....
That's a great question! The Mg has low electronegativity. Therefore, any negative charge will gravitate towards the neighboring atoms of Bromine and Carbon. However, the difference in these two atoms is that Bromine can actually hold a negative charge and be stable. While a Carbon holding a negative charge is highly UNstable and, therefore, very reactive. In the case of a Grignard, the carbon acts as a carbanion, and this explains why the electrons between C and Mg are the ones acting as the nucleophile here. For more, please visit my tutorial on the Grignard reaction and mechanism at Leah4sci.com/Grignard
Hi Leah! I don't know if you remember me but I commented on one of your videos in late 2016 saying you were one of the reasons I aced both my organic I and II courses with 90+/100 in my chemistry undergrad degree. Well now i'm about to enter my senior (and final) year as an undergrad and I have organic III in my first semester and that means i'll be needing your help once again! I searched your website and youtube channel and I don't think I found videos related to organic III. My university's chem department teaches a lot of courses that many universities do not provide in their chemistry undergrad degree (organic III I think being one of them). Maybe that's the reason? Anyway this is the course outline for orgo III: pKa in organic chemsitry Enols and enolates Radical substitutions Pericyclic reactions and cycloaddtitions Molecular Transpositions Chemistry of aromatic heterocycles Oxidation and reduction reactions in organic synthesis I hope in future you'd do videos on at least one of these topics. You really are a gifted teacher and I deeply appreciate and thank you for everything you've done for me and others (needless to say).
firstly, congrats again on acing orgo 1 and 2. It's always an honor to join students on this journey. Regarding Orgo 3 I cover those topics in the study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join
11:20 why did O moved it's lone pair in the first place?? It's electronegative and can easily hold -ve charge so why did it shift it's lone pair towards less electronegative N??
Of course, oxygen is electronegative. It can hold negative charge, but it can also be happy and stable when neutral. Notice that the new molecule that we form in this reaction has lower total formal charges and is arguably MORE stable than our starting molecule because of this.
Great presentation! Breaking down complex ideas is the hardest thing to do! Only one comment, "philos" doesn't mean "loving", it means "friend". So electrophile, for example, is the one being friends with electrons.
For help with organic chemistry, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
7:46 you said it is an electrophile due to the partial positive but why ignore the partial negative charge and only focus on the partial positive charge which concluded to be an electrophile?
we look at the specific area on the molecule that gets attacked. In this case it's the carbonyl carbon while the oxygen does not get attacked or do an attack.
10:50 The formal charge makes C, negative and Cl neutral and partial charge makes C, positive and Cl, negative. Why does the electron moves from C to Cl not Cl to C?
It is actually the carbon that acts as the nucleophile in a Grignard reagent. If you want to learn more, visit my tutorial on this reaction at Leah4sci.com/Grignard
Hey Leah, I was wondering at 8:30 in your video, how would we know the CH3 would be the Nucleophile rather than the MgBr. I thought it was always CH3 would be the positive end and MgBr would be the negative. Thanks!
@leah4sci I'm just familiarizing myself with organic chem and have a question -- the full headed arrow indicates that 2 electrons are moving but in the examples im seeing it seems that only one electron is really moving to be shared (or are both being moved to be shared?) so i'm confused on why the half headed arrow isnt being used to instead indicate that one electron is being moved to be shared (because doesn't the middle atom have at least one valence electron to share? Hope this makes sense.
I'm sorry, but I don't offer tutoring through UA-cam comments. For help with this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Full details: leah4sci.com/join
Oh wow you're so right! Without taking the solvent into consideration, conservation of atoms should give us just 2 H in addition to what's on carbon! Great catch!
I took organic chemistry 35 years ago to become a pharmacist. I have always loved organic, bio and medicinal chemistry . I'm a geek I guess, I still watch videos and try to understand a little deeper. Your videos are awesome . Thanks. Howard
Do many practice problems and pay attention to the electrons. The problem with all of these UA-camrs videos and Khan academy is a lack of practice problems
Leah4sci I study Biotechnology. So i have organic chemistry, Biochemistry (yes i already subscribed to your mcat Channel), physical chemistry and General chemistry. Your Videos in orgo helped me alot
oh wow you're covering a lot at the same time. Carbonyl reactions are on my long term list but probably not for a few months. too much to cover, too little time
I don't understand if you're asking a question. For help with topics like this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
so far in my life, I have not seen any body have mad any clear explanation than you are. God bless! my HEEEEERO!!!
Aww, thanks! I'm happy to help!
Amazing video! The "don't get confused" parts are super helpful, no one else seems to clarify them! Very clear.
Glad it was helpful!
Madam, I have no words to thank you for this lucid explanation. You are one of the best lecturers in the US and the world !
Wow, thank you! I'm glad my videos help you!
You are the best teacher for organic chemistry in UA-cam
Thank you! Please don't forget to subscribe! :)
Hey even-though you might not see this , i just wanted to appreciate your teaching. It has helped me a lot through my college. I have never done chemistry before trying to study university level chemistry , if it wasn't your detailed and well explained videos , i would have not made it. You are the best.
Aww thanks so much for sharing this, I really appreciate it! I'm so happy I helped you in your university journey!
The way you break it down is on point. Thank you.
You're very welcome!
You have no idea how helpful this is! I am a chemical engineering major and have been struggling orgo and my professor never knows how to help me. Your videos are truly the best, most helpful and broken-down examples on YT! please don't stop making videos! Thank you so so so much!
Thank you for your wonderful feedback! You're welcome.
you do everything step by step.i cant say much about you,what i can say is that ''i was blind now i see'' i love you so much God bless!
I'm glad you are able to understand the topic. All the best! :)
First 5 minutes brilliantly explained so many things I had failed to previously understand and grasp.
oh wow, I'm sorry to hear that your professor wasn't able to explain this for you, but I'm happy to hear that in just 5 minutes everything turned around
I literally was about to start reading about Substitution and Elimination reactions and you uploaded this video :) Thanks a lot, Leah !
That's awesome! perfect timing. You should also watch my substitution elimination series leah4sci.com/nucleophilic-substitution-and-beta-elimination-sn1-sn2-e1-e2-reactions/
Leah4sci Thankyou very much ♡
Leah4sci alkene mechanism
This is a great vid. First vid I watched that broke done exactly what a nucleophile and electrophile were clearly. I hope future organic chemistry students come across this great vid
I'm so glad you found this video helpful. I find that understanding the foundations make the more advanced concepts so much more graspable
@@Leah4sci keep up the good work
Love your work and explanations. You leave no stone unturned!
Thank you! That is my goal and I'm glad you're finding it to be that way
Leah, I am an Ivy league graduate and starting a 3rd career. I love your videos. You are simply marvelous! I love it more than Khan Academy ones!
Thank you so much for the kind words :) . I'm glad you love the videos :)
The explanation is just too good.. I wish I can have you as my personal tutor☺️
I'm happy to help! Are you in orgo now? Check out leah4sci.com/syllabus to match up my resources to what you're studying!
You saved my life. Thank you 🥺🙏
Happy to help!
Very comprehensive explanation. Thanks for the great lecture.
You are welcome!
Glad I found your channel, greetings from the Netherlands!
Hello there! Thanks for watching. :)
Your explanations are so straightforward. Thank you so much for this. I will be sure to check out your other videos... it's been a long time since I did organic so I'm using these to help me catch up for an online graduate class....
You're very welcome! I'm glad it helped! I wish you the best of luck in your class
At 8:23, I don't understand why that particular bond was chosen as the nucleophile. Why that one and not the bond between Mg and Br?
That's a great question! The Mg has low electronegativity. Therefore, any negative charge will gravitate towards the neighboring atoms of Bromine and Carbon. However, the difference in these two atoms is that Bromine can actually hold a negative charge and be stable. While a Carbon holding a negative charge is highly UNstable and, therefore, very reactive. In the case of a Grignard, the carbon acts as a carbanion, and this explains why the electrons between C and Mg are the ones acting as the nucleophile here.
For more, please visit my tutorial on the Grignard reaction and mechanism at Leah4sci.com/Grignard
@@Leah4sci Thank you!
I wish I found your channel sooner! You make ochem so easy to understand :)
I'm so glad it helped!
Thank you so much for the tutorials! You have no idea how much they've helped!
you are very welcome! Are you in orgo this semester?
your videos are so helpful, your explanation are so clear.. Thank you
You're very welcome!
Hi Leah! I don't know if you remember me but I commented on one of your videos in late 2016 saying you were one of the reasons I aced both my organic I and II courses with 90+/100 in my chemistry undergrad degree. Well now i'm about to enter my senior (and final) year as an undergrad and I have organic III in my first semester and that means i'll be needing your help once again! I searched your website and youtube channel and I don't think I found videos related to organic III. My university's chem department teaches a lot of courses that many universities do not provide in their chemistry undergrad degree (organic III I think being one of them). Maybe that's the reason? Anyway this is the course outline for orgo III:
pKa in organic chemsitry
Enols and enolates
Radical substitutions
Pericyclic reactions and cycloaddtitions
Molecular Transpositions
Chemistry of aromatic heterocycles
Oxidation and reduction reactions in organic synthesis
I hope in future you'd do videos on at least one of these topics. You really are a gifted teacher and I deeply appreciate and thank you for everything you've done for me and others (needless to say).
firstly, congrats again on acing orgo 1 and 2. It's always an honor to join students on this journey. Regarding Orgo 3 I cover those topics in the study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join
You teaching to much good your video very useful for my 12th examination (thankyou)
Glad you found the video helpful!
Thank you, this was an excellent in-depth explanation of reaction mechanisms.
You're very welcome!
better at teaching O-chem than my own professor... thank you so much!
You're welcome! Glad to help! :)
11:20 why did O moved it's lone pair in the first place?? It's electronegative and can easily hold -ve charge so why did it shift it's lone pair towards less electronegative N??
Of course, oxygen is electronegative. It can hold negative charge, but it can also be happy and stable when neutral. Notice that the new molecule that we form in this reaction has lower total formal charges and is arguably MORE stable than our starting molecule because of this.
Great presentation! Breaking down complex ideas is the hardest thing to do! Only one comment, "philos" doesn't mean "loving", it means "friend". So electrophile, for example, is the one being friends with electrons.
Thank you!
God bless you!!Thank you so so so much for thee best and articulated videos
You're very welcome, I'm so happy to help!
Thanks I was waiting 4 this. It has been long
awesome! Are you studying this now?
This video was helpful. Thank u
You’re welcome 😊
Wow that's nice please can you make a video for all organic chemistry
For help with organic chemistry, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
7:46 you said it is an electrophile due to the partial positive but why ignore the partial negative charge and only focus on the partial positive charge which concluded to be an electrophile?
we look at the specific area on the molecule that gets attacked. In this case it's the carbonyl carbon while the oxygen does not get attacked or do an attack.
This is so well done, thank you so much!
You're so welcome, I'm glad you liked it!
10:50 The formal charge makes C, negative and Cl neutral and partial charge makes C, positive and Cl, negative.
Why does the electron moves from C to Cl not Cl to C?
I'm confused, C is not negative. Cl is electronegative and pulls on the electrons so much till they break off and collapse onto the Cl pulling them.
Sorry if it dumb but why you didn't attach MgBr instead of CH3 to form the new molecule?
It is actually the carbon that acts as the nucleophile in a Grignard reagent. If you want to learn more, visit my tutorial on this reaction at Leah4sci.com/Grignard
12:46 why the Cl is separated not the OH ? :)
OH is a strong attacker and bad leaving group. Cl is the opposite. The better leaving group is the one that gets kicked out
Hey Leah, I was wondering at 8:30 in your video, how would we know the CH3 would be the Nucleophile rather than the MgBr. I thought it was always CH3 would be the positive end and MgBr would be the negative. Thanks!
Have you learned organometallics yet? This is a grignard reagent characteristic for a carbonion-like carbon atom.
Breathtaking 😅
Wow, thank you!
hello may I ask why CH3 was the one that shifted from CH3 +MgBr and not Mg or Br
That's a great question! For an explanation of the Grignard reaction, visit my tutorial at Leah4sci.com/Grignard.
Great Job!!
Thank you!
better and clear explanation thank you
Glad it helped!
Good work!
Thanks!
@leah4sci I'm just familiarizing myself with organic chem and have a question -- the full headed arrow indicates that 2 electrons are moving but in the examples im seeing it seems that only one electron is really moving to be shared (or are both being moved to be shared?) so i'm confused on why the half headed arrow isnt being used to instead indicate that one electron is being moved to be shared (because doesn't the middle atom have at least one valence electron to share? Hope this makes sense.
I'm sorry, but I don't offer tutoring through UA-cam comments. For help with this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Full details: leah4sci.com/join
Nice explanation
Thanks!
So at the beginning. Why is hydronium and not water drawn as one of the products?
Oh wow you're so right! Without taking the solvent into consideration, conservation of atoms should give us just 2 H in addition to what's on carbon! Great catch!
Would this be okay to use as a revision source for alevels?
I'm unsure. I'm an organic chemistry tutor. Feel free to contact me through my website at leah4sci.com/contact/
Where would be a good starting point for learning about organic chemistry in general?
Head over to leah4sci.com/syllabus :)
your voice is so peacefull and relaxing and it just down my stress
:) thanks!
So helpful. !
Glad it was helpful!
Can I have Reactivity of Organic compound video ? I am facing the trouble in comparing the reactivity of haloalkane, halobenzene and acyl chloride
Reactivity depends on the specific reaction conditions.
your voice melts my brain
I'd say sorry but... nah
Leah4sci i would want to hear you talk 24/7😀
I'm confused, melt is a good thing? are you taking orgo?
I took organic chemistry 35 years ago to become a pharmacist. I have always loved organic, bio and medicinal chemistry . I'm a geek I guess, I still watch videos and try to understand a little deeper. Your videos are awesome . Thanks. Howard
So happy to have you here; thanks so much for watching and commenting!
so precise!
Thanks!
Madam in 1:16 see. I think it is H2O
Oh wow you're right, that was a mistake on my end . Thank you for catching it
If I've done a chapter how can I remember the same concepts after some weeks??
review!
Leah4sci how to review? Everyone says review, but how to review it properly?
practice and repetition. Read the chapter again, do practice and more practice. Get help if you get stuck. do more practice
Do many practice problems and pay attention to the electrons. The problem with all of these UA-camrs videos and Khan academy is a lack of practice problems
Thank you very much
You're welcome!
Love from India....
Thank you
its helpfull thank you......
you're welcome!
Hello mam I want to contact with you?
You can contact me through my website at Leah4sci.com/contact
how do we know abt lone pairs
For help with this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Full details: leah4sci.com/join
Madam why only Cl is leaving here? Why not OH. O is even more electronegative than Cl
Cl is a good leaving group because it can accept electrons better ( 'Cause it needs 1 electron to attain octet) than Oxygen.
See my video on OH as a poor leaving group in the substitution videos
Pls more Videos more often 😁😁
that's the goal ;)
Which topics are you working on right now?
Leah4sci
I study Biotechnology. So i have organic chemistry, Biochemistry (yes i already subscribed to your mcat Channel), physical chemistry and General chemistry. Your Videos in orgo helped me alot
I would really Love if U would do Carbonyl reactions
oh wow you're covering a lot at the same time. Carbonyl reactions are on my long term list but probably not for a few months. too much to cover, too little time
Ok 😢
when will you post part 2??
Midweek or next sat. Are you covering this topic in class now?
Leah4sci yes and my first exam in on October 3rd 😢 your videos are really helpful. Thank you so much
the entire series will be up by then. 3 in total. stay tuned. I do cover this topic in more detail in the study hall: leah4sci.com/join
Leah4sci thank u so much!
Thank...you.......
You're welcome!
Nice
Glad you like it!
H²0 or H³O+
I don't understand if you're asking a question. For help with topics like this and more, I recommend joining the organic chemistry study hall. Details: leah4sci.com/join or contact me through my website leah4sci.com/contact/
Hey miss thank a lot
You're very welcome!
But WHY would a halide leave a seemingly stable carbon based molecule?
I explain this in detail in the SN1 and E1 reaction videos
Best
Thanks!
👌
👍
👍
Thanks!
Chlorine left and took the kids heheh
lol
R u teacher or student
what do you think?
not a bad idea, but perhaps not
I think so u r student na
mohammad saquib She's a teacher.
Amazing video, thank you so much you r a life saver 🥹🥹🥹
You're very welcome! Thanks for watching.