One thing that is missing from this explanation that creationists don't understand is that being able to trace critical mutations in any species' genome to a single ancestor is a totally normal thing. The mitochondrial Eve and Y-Adam are simply two of many genes which we would be able to track to some singular past ancestor. The only reason they are mentioned more often is because, due to their placement, they can be traced to a specifically female/male ancestor.
@@NobodyNowhereKnowhow Particularly interesting are viruses that can be traced back to when the original infection occurred. Apparently one of these infections occurred in an ancestor that repurposed the genes to lower the immune response making live birth in mammals possible.
I'm sorry let me get this straight because that's what I was confused about. You're saying that we've found human remains that don't have mitochondria in them? Or something along those lines? Also wanna point out that our timeframing is usually vague anyway. For instance, we "think" that the closest mitochondrial DNA ancestor was 144,000-260,000 years ago. That's a pretty big gap there bud. That's like saying "eve could have lived anywhere from yesterday, to 120,000 years ago." Bahaha. So seriously I'd please like a better explanation as to how his explanation makes any sense whatsoever. Honestly, his explanation and your explanation both sound stupider than anything I've heard a religious person say lol 🤣🤣 why would Adam and Eve have lived 100,000 years apart. Making completely random claims isn't science.
@@swickens930 I’ve got no idea who you’re responding to. Must be a separate thread. I’m not sure what they said, but DNA degrades over time as does cell structures. The older human remains are the less likely you’re going to find mitochondria or their DNA. So it’s possible to find human remains without mitochondria. As for the timeframes, you don’t have access to human DNA for hundreds of thousands of years. But you do have modern human DNA. And DNA mutates over time. So by examining DNA from two individuals you can tell how closely related they are by the number of mutations they share and those that are different. Your mitochondrial DNA and your mother’s will be almost identical. As would your siblings. You’ll have slightly more mutations between you and your grandmother. A few more with your great grandmother, etc. So those differences will accumulate the farther back in time. Your first cousins will have more differences than your siblings and fewer differences than your second or third cousins. You can trace the lineage of individual mutations because the genes were carried by people throughout history and prehistory. A new mutation would be seen only in closely related individuals. If the mutation is found across a continent it probably happened hundreds or thousands of years ago for the genes to be spread so widely. Genetic mutations occur with a certain frequency. By counting how many mutations separate people you can determine approximately how long ago their matrilineal descendants diverged. A total count would get you back to a single woman who is the common ancestor of all living people. It’s not literally a person named Eve who was the first woman. There could have been a hundred thousand other women alive at that time. And there would have been many generations of humans before her. There’s nothing particularly remarkable about that particular woman. But of all the women alive at that time, no other woman has a living direct matrilineal descendant. A woman’s matrilineal line is broken if she doesn’t have daughters. My mother only had sons so her mitochondrial lineage dies with us. Also because mutations are random they aren’t a precision time piece. You can calculate how much time it would take for the number of mutations to occur and based on the rate that mutations occur now, use a statistical model to determine when the common female ancestor lived. Similar to the mitochondria, the Y chromosome doesn’t mix like the other chromosomes. So mutations in Y chromosomes can be compared, mapped, and timed like mitochondrial DNA. Mutations occur over time and the genetic distances can be measured between individuals and populations. But the Y-chromosome common ancestor goes down a different path. If a man has sons, his Y-chromosomes will continue on. So the latest common Y-chromosome ancestor would easily have lived in a different place and time as the latest common mitochondrial ancestor. It’s pretty much a random process of having sons or daughters surviving to carry on either the Y-chromosomes or mitochondrial DNA. It would be astronomically unlikely that they would have been around at the same time. Also, because we’re talking about the latest common ancestor, that’s not a permanent title for specific individuals. As people fail to have sons or daughters the current population’s genetics will shift until one of their descendants becomes the latest common ancestor. All of their ancestors are common ancestors as well. Someone alive today may become the latest common genetic ancestor of some future population a few hundred thousand years from now. The choice of the names “Adam” and “Eve” for these people are purely metaphorical. They aren’t the first people. Their role is purely a statistical point of interest in how the current human population is related to each other. And the people who fill that role changes over time.
Sometimes they are stupid and poetic, which leads Tiktaalik being considered as either a water or land creature, while ignoring the myriad of aquatic creatures that both can and need to walk on land at some point in their lives if making babies 🦭 🐢 🐧🐸 🐊 (some fish 🐟️). This could all be avoided by explaining traits have multiple uses 🛠️.
I don't know about this. I love it when scientists name stuff after religion like Quezacoatle or the different planets. I think Mitochondrial Eve name is good name for the basic concept of a woman from who all other women happened to desend from. And plus naming things after mythology is fun, and it's not fair that Christianity should be excluded from that.
Why are they even complaining if Theists think God 🧖🤖 is a particle and/or a field that gives mass to everything, with no other goal AND does not use this power to easily solve human problems by tossing them into the air harmlessly to anyone? Like, at that point, God 🧖🤖 can't possibly be twisted into any dogma.
I understood it was referred to as that “Goddamn particle” originally, because it was so frustratingly illusive, taking decades and a colossally expensive particle accelerator to detect the Higgs. The publishers unfortunately changed the title of Lederman’s book because it had more of a marketing ‘ring’ to it.
Sperm cells can contribute their mitochondria to the embryo. It doesn't happen all the time, but it's quite frequent. However, the single mitochondrion is then integrated with ~40 mitochondria from the mother, so it's certainly outnumbered. Plus, the mitochondrion is heavily stressed (from being the only one in a very active, mobile cell), so it's also damaged and prone to autophagocytosis and being recycled. Not always, but sometimes.
Tracing the most recent common ancestor of any group does not mean the oldest ancestor either, it in fact means the youngest of all common ancestors for a group. It's actually completely different from Adam and Eve.
that's a good point, it's the most recent truly common ancestor between all the humans that can be mathematically derived from the modern code. It's less the hypothetical 'first person' and more so proof that genetic drift sometimes favors one version of the genome without much rhyme at all.
Also, none of the dates are accurate so idk why he's suggesting they are. The most common recent ancestor for Mitochondrial DNA is "estimated" to be 140,000 - 260,000 years ago. That's a pretty big fucking gap lol. That's like saying "any time from yesterday to 120,000 years ago." Furthermore the Y chromosome is estimated to have existed 300,000 years ago. Sooo, looking at the huge space of error that is allowed here, this means the Y chromosome and the entrance of Mitochondria could have literally happened at the same time.
always fun realizing how much your parents lied about. santa, the easter bunny, Christopher Columbus, jesus, the tooth fairy, meritocracy, american exceptionalism, etc
Don't forget that the world 🌍️ with reward 🏆️/punish ⚓️ you for your morality 😇/immorality 😈 by making itself nicer 😺/meaner 😾 to other humans 👥👥👥👥. That lie is the stupidest of all.
A small update: recently it has been proved that mitochondria form the spermatozoid can (and does) get into the oocyte, in both natural conceptions and in vitro ones. However how and why it disappears during the embryogenesis is still unknown.
It doesn't necessarily dissappear. It can survive and integrate properly, but the egg cell has ~40x more mitochondria, so it's mostly drowned out by numbers alone. Also, mitochondria get recycled quite frequently and one as well used as the one in sperm cells would accumulate a fair bit of damage and be recycled in most cases.
And if every Male not descended from Genghis Kahn died or became sterile he would be the new Ychromosome Adam. Something like 25% of people alive today are descended from him.
Also, the mitochondrial eve isn’t a fixed person. It can change. For example, let’s say if there’s a virus that hits and is fatal to all L0 haploid groups and that lineage dies off, then L1 would become the new mitochondrial eve.
I don’t really comment on social media but I NEED to let you know that you are an excellent science communicator. I just started watching your light of evolution series and I really enjoy it!! Your enthusiasm makes intimidating content fun and even comforting(?) in a way. I’m not a native English speaker but your content is still very accessible to me. I used to love science as a kid but a lot of cramming in school really burned me out. I’m kind of a slow learner and fast paced lesson is hard to catch up with and makes me feel stupid. I don’t know how to explain this but your video does not make me feel that way at all. It makes me feel genuine curiosity to learn more about science again. Thank you Forrest, keep up the good work!
Secondly where they place Mtdna "EVE" (the apx beginning of the mtDNA haplogroups) is on the border of Ethiopia and Kenya, and where they place Ydna "ADAM" (the apx beginning of the YDNA haplogroups) is in central Kenya, so yeah. So I guess not only is it that what we know of the origins of the modern Homo sapien haplogroups for mtDNA and Ydna are temporally separated, they are also geographically separated I guess? Or at least as what we are approximating currently? That being said, there are many interesting hypotheses (simply interesting stuff) related to the Ancient Egyptians considering the nation of Punt (on the horn of Africa) considering Punt to be the land of the ancestors/gods, and also the name of the Gulf of Aden (as related to the word Eden as a regional variant) which are interesting, not in a theological way, but in the sense that in reality, before writing, humans codified histories in stories. The question would be when did Homo sapiens develop language and story complicated enough to be allegorical? And did Home sapiens codify our geographical history before the several primary migrations away from that region, the same region that scientists today say that modern Homo sapiens derived from?
This is especially helpful. My parents are both religious, but - bless them - they know that sometimes those among them in the religion often don't know what they're talking about or straight up lie for their beliefs (as I've had to correct their compatriots' lies/errors in the past), and I had the displeasure of having to correct one such lie recently from one of their fellow believers who tried to say that because calculations for most recent common ancestor of all humans alive today dates to about 5000 years in the past that that somehow proved the flood. So I had to unpack that and explain how that calculation is complicated by migration, and since there are populations that we know have been until very recently in history completely isolated - certainly since before 5000 years ago - that that recent of a common ancestor really can't be representative of anything since if you recalculated based on populations pre-colonialism that would project your most recent common ancestor further back in the past, and that a better way to do it would be to trace back to the so-called "Mitochondrial Eve" and "Y-Chromosome Adam" along the lines of our egg- and sperm-donor parents respectively and that that ends up spitting out a date of over 100k years ago. That said, that's where the extent of my knowledge as a former student of anthropology kind of ends, so it would be wonderful to see a longer video on that topic in specific.
So you are going to believe a guy that just claimed that men and women evolved thousands of years apart? Do you realize how stupid that is? Not to mention the fact that no evolutionists can explain information in DNA?
The astonishing concept that all of your children can be traced back to you even though you also had parents. Mutations/other genetic events had to start somewhere and rapid disasters can do a great job of killing early variants before they proliferate.
Yes, Y-chromosome Adam and mitochondrial Eve were 100,000 years apart until that fateful summer when Eve rented a lakehouse and left a note in its letterbox asking the next tennant to forward her mail which Adam found two years later as he started renovating the lakehouse.......
Scientists seriously need to say to themselves "how will the most ignorant people misinterpret this by accident, or the most malicious perspn misinterpret it on purpose" before giving nicknames to stuff.
I recall having read somewhere that in some rare cases (maybe even 10 - 20% of cases) the mitocondria of the father can also be present in the offspring, so much so that there might be a relationship between it and some metabolic syndromes...
They are just the two common ancestors of two genomes. You could also trace the genomes of blue eyes or brunette hair and they would spit out different dates. It's not so much that we all came from those two people, but that those people were the last known point before a mutation accured. Also the ages can change. If we find another mitochondrial genome the mitochondrial eve might be pushed further back to the point where they both split off.
Yes, the mitochondria can also be inherited from the father and it's not so incredibly rare. But it's a numbers game, the egg cell has ~40 mitochondria and the sperm contributes at max 1. So any metabolic syndrome inherited from the father would be drowned out in his offspring, while most inherited mitochondrial metabolic syndromes come from the mothers side, because she contributes more of them.
@@swisspissman8455 I agree with the _intent_ of your point, but I'm inclined to think that gatekeeping via the ol' "no true Scotsman" fallacy isn't very helpful or productive. I also think that ignoring trolls, or Theists, while often an effective way of avoiding drama at least, is seldom ever impacting their overall behavior or approach.
Problem is using names from extant myths... I say "Pluto," and you think (dwarf) planet or cartoon dog. No one thinks I'm calling upon the god of the underworld. if we keep that in mind while naming stuff, we should be fine...
Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common ancestor in the female line. The most recent. That means that there were more common ancestors down the line less recent than mitochondrial Eve. So, I don't understand how this person gets confused with Eve from the Bible, since biblical Eve had no ancestors, obviously.
Another thing is that the mitocondrial eve is the ancestor of all current living people. In the past, the title belonged to somone far back ain the past, and in the future, it will be someone more recent. The position changes as more people are born and die.
I agree. Let's name science stuff after anime characters instead. Remember the Sonic Hedgehog gene that gets treated with Robotnikinin? Good times to name stuff in science.
Totally disagree. The only 'confusion' that would come into it is from people who are looking for reasons to be confused, i.e. creationists The y-Adam and mito-Eve are excellent descriptors and metaphorically get the intended point across.
I'm writing a musical about this basically calling it adam and eve but its based on 2 people that never meet but they're the connecting point for all of human history. It would flash between modern day of a guy telling his kid a bedtime story and these 2 characters who are in different parts of the world and different times in history.
American pop Starts in the 20s abs goes on. Takes place throughout major historical events like ww2. Its about afamily abs each generation down. Up to the 80s.
Here's something interesting that was discovered recently. Paternal mitochondrial transmission CAN actually happen, and the process by which it happens isn't very well understood. The papers are currently behind paywalls, so I don't know all of the specifics, but there seems to be SOME process by which a father's mitochondrion can be inherited during fertilization.
Yeah, researchers really gotta be more mindful when choosing names 😂 I was a bit annoyed when researchers named the one new giant soil virus “Christmas star” like just last summer 😂
not me wondering when he was going to talk about the video game because the only time I had heard this term before was when my friend would talk about her favorite game. Mitochondria Eve.
I've heard this before but I could never get my head around how we could all hail back to these two individuals but have them be so far apart. Can you do me a diagram of how that shakes out maybe?
Two different tree branches. Like your mother's great grandmother and your father's great great great grandfather. It's as if you inherited your looks from the grandmother and your sense of humor from the grandfather.
That's because you look at them as direct ancestors that had anything to do with each other. Instead think of them as just a member of an entire human population in their own time who contributed their DNA to the gene pool at the time. The only thing special about these people is that a specific part of their DNA spread through the gene pool in successive generations, while the same goes for _every_ other gene, all from different times. There's a most recent point we all inherited from for every gene, somewhere in that network of procreation.
Those were just the furthest back we could respectively trace back our common mitochondrial and Y-DNA. It's like having a difference in how far back you could trace your direct paternal line versus how far back you could trace your direct maternal line.
The main significance of us being able to trace our ancestry back to each of them is simply that, despite the temporal & spatial distance between their generations' populations, eventually the DNA of both of those two separate individuals ultimately became a part of the Entire Human Population; while the DNA of most of everyone else at their own respective time(s) [at least for the genes pertinent to those particular "Markers", the Mitochondria & the Y-Chromosome] eventually got overridden by those from the two of them. I find that tree & tree-branch analogies aren't always the best or most intuitive at times, and might help to think of it like 2 separate bottles or glasses pouring a stream of water onto 2 initially-separate pyramid-stacks of cups that eventually overlap toward the bottom; Except that the bottom continuously increases in sizes by the addition of more & more layers constantly being added to it from below. We can follow the stream & flow of the water back upwards (the genes back in-time), to those 2 different points which are Shared In-Common to All Modern Human Beings.
@@Kleineganz I believe a specific extraterrestrial particle also had that nickname. IIRC a subatomic particle hit Earth with the energy of a 60 mph baseball. Or something like that.
There are some genetic disorders and anomalies where the egg does end up passing a Y chromosome though, so Y Chromosome Adam is just kinda wrong Typically yes, your Y chromosome will always come from your father, but in rare cases you could have a Y chromosome from your mother. Depending on the exact mutation they have, your mother might not even know she has a Y chromosome becuase you could have various chromosomal anomalies like this, and still more or less resemble one of the traditional sexes. TLDR: Chromosomes are weird and genetics don't do consistency very well
Mythology can be really helpful in establishing timelines, esp when talking with indigenous groups and their histories. But it's meant to be used alongside (to support, not disprove) actual archaeological evidence.
@@FeeshUnofficial that's an excellent point! I should've been specific in my comments, I was mostly thinking about historical events like population migrations, famines, and even the rise and falls of dynasties to name a couple examples. Typically things within the last few thousand years at the oldest.
It basically means that us the survivors are all descendants of those two people, not that those were the only people or didn't have any contemporaries or that the current y-Adam or mito-Eve will remain so with the passage of time.
"Most recent common matrilineal ancestor" does NOT mean "the first woman common to all mankind." The first is a homo sapien, the latter is probably a fish or something idk.
That opening alone was a great chuckle. "The stars at night! Are big and bright!" Also, solid point at the end, using poetry as a basis of explanation is not good for science.
I always learned it as being the closest common ancestors for all humans alive, based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomes. Not that they are the origins, just that all other lineages from their times have died out, more by coincidence than anything. Not that they were the first sources of mitochondrial DNA or Y-chromosomes or anything. Doesn't necessarily mean I'm right but that's what I learned regarding the terms
When I first read about Mitochondrial Eve, I was confused because the headline made it sound like it was a big deal they discovered when she would lived. It was inevitable that they come up with a date.
Same as a Doctor declaring someone's recovery against the odds as miraculous. I once had a discussion with someone who declared his wife's recovery from cancer was a miracle from god because her doctor said so. Queue Tim Minchin...
The only issue I have found straightforward information gets forgotten in time and lost and/or when empires fall. Some give I up for survival. Poems, songs, and even stories stay with individuals and are passed on because of their death. If a person's survival is threatened, they'll be instinctively, smuggled, protected, and/or enshrined. One helps you survive, and the others create bonds needed to survive. I hope we all find the story or song or rhyme. That keeps us from willful arrogance,it is just the facade of the ignorant at work.
I know this is a little correction, but there are indeed instances where female cells and eggs have XY chromosomes, more commonly XXY or XYX chromosomes
it's also worth noting that although there is a single human who was "mitochondrial eve," she was not the first woman, or even the only woman on earth at that time.
I like that since we are now just about at the point when we can start turning cells into different types of cells and use that method to turn cells of sperm-producing people into eggs, it is possible that at some point in the future, the mitochondrial eve might even just be some cis guy named Bob who wanted to have a child with his cis guy partner Jerry and they wanted the child to be related to both of them. Unless sex chromosomes would make it so that the child would always be XY and so unlikely to go on to develop eggs in adulthood? Idk if that's how it works when two XY people have a child together.
Two straight men having a baby together? Gay marriage and having a child is normal to me, but two hetero guys that are friends, just having a kid together seems weird to me 😂
I just reread your comment. The point about XY partners making only XY offspring is super intriguing. Kinda like how mules are "sterile" or whatever the term is, and they can't have offspring. That would be fascinating if that's how that worked, only being able to make a male child from a man's sperm. But I'm pretty sure they would only use one of the men's sperm, not both. They would use just one person's, not a mix of both. I'm sure they could do that with enough money and research, but that wouldn't make as much sense as using one sperm, not two different people's sperm
They would use donated egg cell, replace its DNA with DNA from sperm cell of one man and use sperm of other man to fertilize egg; unless mitochondrials are replaced too, baby would have mitochondrial DNA of donor.
THANK YOU!!!🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼💯💯. Imagine the affect the few quotes from Einstein where he mentions God has had on the masses who took those quotes at face value and were completely willfully ignorant about the fact that he was referring to the god of Spinoza and not the god of Aberham. To this day I have my Uncle sending me Persian language religious propaganda espousing those same Einstein quotes as evidence that one of the greatest minds of the 20th century was a believer. How about let’s not give them any more material they can distort, they are morally bankrupt because their god permits ANYTHING if it’s in defense (or advancement/spread) of their religion.
Presumably this "mitochondrial Eve" would have had a husband or mate, quite likely just the one? I don't think this proves "Adam and Eve" but it seems plausible that we could all trace back to a single pair at some point in time. Eventually, all things trace back to a single organism, do they not?
Actually modern studied have found a likelyhood for Mitochondrial eve and Y chromosome Adam living closer in time than previously thought. According to an Italian study by Francalacci, they both lived between 180 thousand and 200 thousand years ago. Which puts them no more than 20 thousand years apart or less. Did they know each other? No. Very likely no. Still....
Plus, don't we only have Mitochondria thanks to Endosymbiosis back when humanity was a bunch of single-celled ameboid creatures, or something? (Blame my Biology teacher if that's wrong, he taught me that)
That's neat. I have been hearing that eventually the Y chromosome will be factored out of far future gens (hopefully the earth don't explode or whatever before it happens lol). Evolution is nuts.
Thank you for expressing that, I didn’t know how. It’s frustrating because I have a friend who got lost in spiritual pseudoscience conspiracies and I didn’t really have a concise and effective phrase to express that.
Some scientists use religious references in order to help religious people understand, especially people who refuse to believe in anything but their theology. Eventually, you hit a brick wall bc ultimately, people choose to accept fact or stay ignorant.
Most people don’t realize that some of our ancestors have no physical relation to us as their contributions dropped off our DNA that can be traced. And so not all our gggggg great grandmothers are our DNA grandmothers even tho they actually were. It’s how siblings can wind up with different ethnic backgrounds Everyone in the family is French but then the French dropped away in the genetic halvings and doesn’t show up in sis.
They are badly named terms. If you and some random stranger were genetically tested it would be possible to estimate how recently you share an ancestor. A relative traced our family tree back to a guy 16 or so generations back. An uncle and a guy that was also descended from him were tested and it showed the relationship. If they had not known a head of time it would have still shown them distantly related. This video is about doing that for everyone alive today. It estimates when the last woman that we are all descended from lived. And when the last man we are all descended from lived.
@@stephenolan5539 Thank you for explaining that, yeah that makes a lot more sense. Hearing biblical terms used to describe scientific concepts is very alienating.
you should make a video about why haeckel's drawings are still used in textbooks, its a very common argument posed and creationists say that science is being manipulated
Who would have believed that in this time of universal instant access to almost any branch of knowledge, it would result in an upswelling of superstition, jingoism, and prejudice.
Information oversaturation and religious upbringing. If you're not raised with the internet and haven't been using it regularly for the past 15+ years, it can also be pretty difficult to use the internet reliably
I'm 60 and I want you as my teacher. Your enthusiasm is like a virus, infectious.
Okay I don't feel bad. I'm about to be 39, and I want him to teach me
You must have been first in line for getting the COVID-19 vaccine?
@@Vernon-Chitlen being able to teach in an engaging manner is a gift, don't you think?
@@Vernon-Chitlen I bet you thought you were a virologist after watching 2 conspiracy theory videos on youtube... 😀😀
@@CsabaVas82 You mean the ones that turned out to be true?
One thing that is missing from this explanation that creationists don't understand is that being able to trace critical mutations in any species' genome to a single ancestor is a totally normal thing. The mitochondrial Eve and Y-Adam are simply two of many genes which we would be able to track to some singular past ancestor. The only reason they are mentioned more often is because, due to their placement, they can be traced to a specifically female/male ancestor.
thank you for the extra information
And those ancestors are generally more often than not “humans” or even hominids. Depending on the exact trait they might not even be mammals.
@@NobodyNowhereKnowhow
Particularly interesting are viruses that can be traced back to when the original infection occurred.
Apparently one of these infections occurred in an ancestor that repurposed the genes to lower the immune response making live birth in mammals possible.
I'm sorry let me get this straight because that's what I was confused about. You're saying that we've found human remains that don't have mitochondria in them? Or something along those lines? Also wanna point out that our timeframing is usually vague anyway. For instance, we "think" that the closest mitochondrial DNA ancestor was 144,000-260,000 years ago. That's a pretty big gap there bud. That's like saying "eve could have lived anywhere from yesterday, to 120,000 years ago." Bahaha.
So seriously I'd please like a better explanation as to how his explanation makes any sense whatsoever.
Honestly, his explanation and your explanation both sound stupider than anything I've heard a religious person say lol 🤣🤣 why would Adam and Eve have lived 100,000 years apart. Making completely random claims isn't science.
@@swickens930
I’ve got no idea who you’re responding to. Must be a separate thread.
I’m not sure what they said, but DNA degrades over time as does cell structures. The older human remains are the less likely you’re going to find mitochondria or their DNA. So it’s possible to find human remains without mitochondria.
As for the timeframes, you don’t have access to human DNA for hundreds of thousands of years. But you do have modern human DNA. And DNA mutates over time. So by examining DNA from two individuals you can tell how closely related they are by the number of mutations they share and those that are different. Your mitochondrial DNA and your mother’s will be almost identical. As would your siblings.
You’ll have slightly more mutations between you and your grandmother. A few more with your great grandmother, etc. So those differences will accumulate the farther back in time. Your first cousins will have more differences than your siblings and fewer differences than your second or third cousins.
You can trace the lineage of individual mutations because the genes were carried by people throughout history and prehistory. A new mutation would be seen only in closely related individuals. If the mutation is found across a continent it probably happened hundreds or thousands of years ago for the genes to be spread so widely.
Genetic mutations occur with a certain frequency. By counting how many mutations separate people you can determine approximately how long ago their matrilineal descendants diverged. A total count would get you back to a single woman who is the common ancestor of all living people. It’s not literally a person named Eve who was the first woman. There could have been a hundred thousand other women alive at that time. And there would have been many generations of humans before her. There’s nothing particularly remarkable about that particular woman. But of all the women alive at that time, no other woman has a living direct matrilineal descendant. A woman’s matrilineal line is broken if she doesn’t have daughters. My mother only had sons so her mitochondrial lineage dies with us.
Also because mutations are random they aren’t a precision time piece. You can calculate how much time it would take for the number of mutations to occur and based on the rate that mutations occur now, use a statistical model to determine when the common female ancestor lived.
Similar to the mitochondria, the Y chromosome doesn’t mix like the other chromosomes. So mutations in Y chromosomes can be compared, mapped, and timed like mitochondrial DNA. Mutations occur over time and the genetic distances can be measured between individuals and populations. But the Y-chromosome common ancestor goes down a different path. If a man has sons, his Y-chromosomes will continue on. So the latest common Y-chromosome ancestor would easily have lived in a different place and time as the latest common mitochondrial ancestor. It’s pretty much a random process of having sons or daughters surviving to carry on either the Y-chromosomes or mitochondrial DNA. It would be astronomically unlikely that they would have been around at the same time.
Also, because we’re talking about the latest common ancestor, that’s not a permanent title for specific individuals. As people fail to have sons or daughters the current population’s genetics will shift until one of their descendants becomes the latest common ancestor. All of their ancestors are common ancestors as well.
Someone alive today may become the latest common genetic ancestor of some future population a few hundred thousand years from now.
The choice of the names “Adam” and “Eve” for these people are purely metaphorical. They aren’t the first people. Their role is purely a statistical point of interest in how the current human population is related to each other. And the people who fill that role changes over time.
Can't tell you how many people in my school thought mitochondrial
Eve was THE Eve from the Bible.
Because they didn't even bother googling the term
That Eve was only added to the story so they could blame women and take away their right to choices
These people take everything literally it's frustrating
American school system moment.
😂 oh, dear!
Are we just going to brush over the fact that Forrest is wearing a suit?!
Aroace's simping over men in the suits let's goooooooo
Yes we are!
The duality of man.
It's all black. I think it's for a funeral. Although I didn't want to pry.
Oh sht, didn't even notice, wow! Lol
This concept is also used for a ps1 game called Parasite Eve
Ah, I see you're a man of culture as well
The negative expression of this. Interesting 🤔
That game helped me understand mitochondria back when I was in High School circa 1990s
Scientists always being clever and poetic and just giving religious people blank ammo to annoy the rest of us...
just laugh at their misunderstanding
Sometimes they are stupid and poetic, which leads Tiktaalik being considered as either a water or land creature, while ignoring the myriad of aquatic creatures that both can and need to walk on land at some point in their lives if making babies 🦭 🐢 🐧🐸 🐊 (some fish 🐟️).
This could all be avoided by explaining traits have multiple uses 🛠️.
This is why scientists usually name everything with very boring names, because when they don't this kinda thing happens
some religious people choose to be stupid, its quite sad
I don't know about this. I love it when scientists name stuff after religion like Quezacoatle or the different planets. I think Mitochondrial Eve name is good name for the basic concept of a woman from who all other women happened to desend from. And plus naming things after mythology is fun, and it's not fair that Christianity should be excluded from that.
Scientists: "We shall call it The God Particle"
Theists: "AHA!!!"
Scientists: "Oh, stop it"
Facts. Also, originally the "Oh my God" particle, but they had to shorten it out of respect.
Why are they even complaining if Theists think God 🧖🤖 is a particle and/or a field that gives mass to everything, with no other goal AND does not use this power to easily solve human problems by tossing them into the air harmlessly to anyone?
Like, at that point, God 🧖🤖 can't possibly be twisted into any dogma.
Also the reason they call it the "God Partical" is to convince the religious council to fund them money so they maket it like religious stuff
I understood it was referred to as that “Goddamn particle” originally, because it was so frustratingly illusive, taking decades and a colossally expensive particle accelerator to detect the Higgs.
The publishers unfortunately changed the title of Lederman’s book because it had more of a marketing ‘ring’ to it.
DMT?
Sperm cells can contribute their mitochondria to the embryo. It doesn't happen all the time, but it's quite frequent.
However, the single mitochondrion is then integrated with ~40 mitochondria from the mother, so it's certainly outnumbered.
Plus, the mitochondrion is heavily stressed (from being the only one in a very active, mobile cell), so it's also damaged and prone to autophagocytosis and being recycled. Not always, but sometimes.
If you were my biology teacher I would have been able to understand the material
Tracing the most recent common ancestor of any group does not mean the oldest ancestor either, it in fact means the youngest of all common ancestors for a group. It's actually completely different from Adam and Eve.
that's a good point, it's the most recent truly common ancestor between all the humans that can be mathematically derived from the modern code.
It's less the hypothetical 'first person' and more so proof that genetic drift sometimes favors one version of the genome without much rhyme at all.
Also, none of the dates are accurate so idk why he's suggesting they are. The most common recent ancestor for Mitochondrial DNA is "estimated" to be 140,000 - 260,000 years ago. That's a pretty big fucking gap lol. That's like saying "any time from yesterday to 120,000 years ago."
Furthermore the Y chromosome is estimated to have existed 300,000 years ago. Sooo, looking at the huge space of error that is allowed here, this means the Y chromosome and the entrance of Mitochondria could have literally happened at the same time.
They don't mean Adam and Eve as first people. They mean everyone is descended from them.
@@swickens930 This got debunked in at least 2 different comment threads. In detail.
@@stephenolan5539 And even then no. Adam and Eve never existed.
always fun realizing how much your parents lied about.
santa, the easter bunny, Christopher Columbus, jesus, the tooth fairy, meritocracy, american exceptionalism, etc
This was the best reaction to this video 😂
So true.
Can't relate to a lot of these because I'm british
preach Bazooka.
Don't forget that the world 🌍️ with reward 🏆️/punish ⚓️ you for your morality 😇/immorality 😈 by making itself nicer 😺/meaner 😾 to other humans 👥👥👥👥.
That lie is the stupidest of all.
Having faith is a good thing, just trust me on that.
A small update: recently it has been proved that mitochondria form the spermatozoid can (and does) get into the oocyte, in both natural conceptions and in vitro ones. However how and why it disappears during the embryogenesis is still unknown.
Because getting there doesn't mean that its genetic information gets used.
It doesn't necessarily dissappear. It can survive and integrate properly, but the egg cell has ~40x more mitochondria, so it's mostly drowned out by numbers alone.
Also, mitochondria get recycled quite frequently and one as well used as the one in sperm cells would accumulate a fair bit of damage and be recycled in most cases.
Also an important thing to note: mitochondrial Eve was not the first woman. She was the LAST woman whose DNA is found in everyone alive today.
And if every Male not descended from Genghis Kahn died or became sterile he would be the new Ychromosome Adam.
Something like 25% of people alive today are descended from him.
Also, the mitochondrial eve isn’t a fixed person. It can change. For example, let’s say if there’s a virus that hits and is fatal to all L0 haploid groups and that lineage dies off, then L1 would become the new mitochondrial eve.
I don’t really comment on social media but I NEED to let you know that you are an excellent science communicator. I just started watching your light of evolution series and I really enjoy it!! Your enthusiasm makes intimidating content fun and even comforting(?) in a way. I’m not a native English speaker but your content is still very accessible to me. I used to love science as a kid but a lot of cramming in school really burned me out. I’m kind of a slow learner and fast paced lesson is hard to catch up with and makes me feel stupid. I don’t know how to explain this but your video does not make me feel that way at all. It makes me feel genuine curiosity to learn more about science again. Thank you Forrest, keep up the good work!
Secondly where they place Mtdna "EVE" (the apx beginning of the mtDNA haplogroups) is on the border of Ethiopia and Kenya, and where they place Ydna "ADAM" (the apx beginning of the YDNA haplogroups) is in central Kenya, so yeah. So I guess not only is it that what we know of the origins of the modern Homo sapien haplogroups for mtDNA and Ydna are temporally separated, they are also geographically separated I guess? Or at least as what we are approximating currently?
That being said, there are many interesting hypotheses (simply interesting stuff) related to the Ancient Egyptians considering the nation of Punt (on the horn of Africa) considering Punt to be the land of the ancestors/gods, and also the name of the Gulf of Aden (as related to the word Eden as a regional variant) which are interesting, not in a theological way, but in the sense that in reality, before writing, humans codified histories in stories. The question would be when did Homo sapiens develop language and story complicated enough to be allegorical? And did Home sapiens codify our geographical history before the several primary migrations away from that region, the same region that scientists today say that modern Homo sapiens derived from?
This is especially helpful. My parents are both religious, but - bless them - they know that sometimes those among them in the religion often don't know what they're talking about or straight up lie for their beliefs (as I've had to correct their compatriots' lies/errors in the past), and I had the displeasure of having to correct one such lie recently from one of their fellow believers who tried to say that because calculations for most recent common ancestor of all humans alive today dates to about 5000 years in the past that that somehow proved the flood. So I had to unpack that and explain how that calculation is complicated by migration, and since there are populations that we know have been until very recently in history completely isolated - certainly since before 5000 years ago - that that recent of a common ancestor really can't be representative of anything since if you recalculated based on populations pre-colonialism that would project your most recent common ancestor further back in the past, and that a better way to do it would be to trace back to the so-called "Mitochondrial Eve" and "Y-Chromosome Adam" along the lines of our egg- and sperm-donor parents respectively and that that ends up spitting out a date of over 100k years ago. That said, that's where the extent of my knowledge as a former student of anthropology kind of ends, so it would be wonderful to see a longer video on that topic in specific.
I'm sorry but I aint reading allat
@@impulsop1397 Who asked?
@@impulsop1397 If you aren't gonna read it, just pass by!
@@impulsop1397 And we need to know your laziness, why?🙄
So you are going to believe a guy that just claimed that men and women evolved thousands of years apart? Do you realize how stupid that is? Not to mention the fact that no evolutionists can explain information in DNA?
I've never even heard of this term, thanks for the explanation!
Can you do a more detailed video about this topic?
The astonishing concept that all of your children can be traced back to you even though you also had parents.
Mutations/other genetic events had to start somewhere and rapid disasters can do a great job of killing early variants before they proliferate.
Yes, Y-chromosome Adam and mitochondrial Eve were 100,000 years apart until that fateful summer when Eve rented a lakehouse and left a note in its letterbox asking the next tennant to forward her mail which Adam found two years later as he started renovating the lakehouse.......
😂
Scientists seriously need to say to themselves "how will the most ignorant people misinterpret this by accident, or the most malicious perspn misinterpret it on purpose" before giving nicknames to stuff.
I recall having read somewhere that in some rare cases (maybe even 10 - 20% of cases) the mitocondria of the father can also be present in the offspring, so much so that there might be a relationship between it and some metabolic syndromes...
They are just the two common ancestors of two genomes. You could also trace the genomes of blue eyes or brunette hair and they would spit out different dates.
It's not so much that we all came from those two people, but that those people were the last known point before a mutation accured.
Also the ages can change. If we find another mitochondrial genome the mitochondrial eve might be pushed further back to the point where they both split off.
Yes, the mitochondria can also be inherited from the father and it's not so incredibly rare. But it's a numbers game, the egg cell has ~40 mitochondria and the sperm contributes at max 1.
So any metabolic syndrome inherited from the father would be drowned out in his offspring, while most inherited mitochondrial metabolic syndromes come from the mothers side, because she contributes more of them.
I told my aunt I was agnostic and that evolution is brilliant. Then she said "you really believe people came from monkeys". Ugh
Ignore her. Real Christians don't just ignore reality. They think about the meaning in the bible and how it connects to our world.
@@swisspissman8455 I agree with the _intent_ of your point, but I'm inclined to think that gatekeeping via the ol' "no true Scotsman" fallacy isn't very helpful or productive.
I also think that ignoring trolls, or Theists, while often an effective way of avoiding drama at least, is seldom ever impacting their overall behavior or approach.
Problem is using names from extant myths...
I say "Pluto," and you think (dwarf) planet or cartoon dog. No one thinks I'm calling upon the god of the underworld.
if we keep that in mind while naming stuff, we should be fine...
Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common ancestor in the female line. The most recent. That means that there were more common ancestors down the line less recent than mitochondrial Eve. So, I don't understand how this person gets confused with Eve from the Bible, since biblical Eve had no ancestors, obviously.
Not this person. Lots of religious people.
@@stephenolan5539 by "this person" i mean mitochondrial Eve
Oops I tend to think of Mitochondrial Eve as a concept.
Another thing is that the mitocondrial eve is the ancestor of all current living people. In the past, the title belonged to somone far back ain the past, and in the future, it will be someone more recent. The position changes as more people are born and die.
god damn forrest you lookin like a snacc
I agree. Let's name science stuff after anime characters instead. Remember the Sonic Hedgehog gene that gets treated with Robotnikinin? Good times to name stuff in science.
Totally disagree. The only 'confusion' that would come into it is from people who are looking for reasons to be confused, i.e. creationists The y-Adam and mito-Eve are excellent descriptors and metaphorically get the intended point across.
I'm writing a musical about this basically calling it adam and eve but its based on 2 people that never meet but they're the connecting point for all of human history. It would flash between modern day of a guy telling his kid a bedtime story and these 2 characters who are in different parts of the world and different times in history.
American pop
Starts in the 20s abs goes on. Takes place throughout major historical events like ww2. Its about afamily abs each generation down. Up to the 80s.
bro is coming from a funeral 💀💀
you’re deep in the heart of texas? please come see me - i need to uh… how do i put this…? “absorb your enthusiasm for life and doing things.”
Here's something interesting that was discovered recently. Paternal mitochondrial transmission CAN actually happen, and the process by which it happens isn't very well understood. The papers are currently behind paywalls, so I don't know all of the specifics, but there seems to be SOME process by which a father's mitochondrion can be inherited during fertilization.
Yeah, researchers really gotta be more mindful when choosing names 😂 I was a bit annoyed when researchers named the one new giant soil virus “Christmas star” like just last summer 😂
Eukaryotes probably come from Asgard archeas, we are eukaryotes. That means that Nordic religion is true and Norse gods created us.
Well that's new Take on this. So answer this... Why do you think that three Nordic one is right, when know the Adam abs eve story isn't...
You look like a champ! Hope you're headed to the athiest experience so I get another tasty episode!!
not me wondering when he was going to talk about the video game because the only time I had heard this term before was when my friend would talk about her favorite game. Mitochondria Eve.
In 500 years some religious guy “look if sonic the hedgehog doesn’t exist then why is there a protein named after it? Huh…?”
I swear any time scientists use names from Christian mythology it’ll get spun on them in a matter of weeks
Maybe it would be clearer if they were named Adam and Pandora.
@@autumnramble Yea that would be way better! Keep it interesting
All I got was, my tail fell off
here's something that might blow your mind, it's possible that in the future (say 500 years), the "mitochondrial eve", would be a different person.
I've heard this before but I could never get my head around how we could all hail back to these two individuals but have them be so far apart. Can you do me a diagram of how that shakes out maybe?
Two different tree branches. Like your mother's great grandmother and your father's great great great grandfather. It's as if you inherited your looks from the grandmother and your sense of humor from the grandfather.
That's because you look at them as direct ancestors that had anything to do with each other. Instead think of them as just a member of an entire human population in their own time who contributed their DNA to the gene pool at the time. The only thing special about these people is that a specific part of their DNA spread through the gene pool in successive generations, while the same goes for _every_ other gene, all from different times. There's a most recent point we all inherited from for every gene, somewhere in that network of procreation.
Those were just the furthest back we could respectively trace back our common mitochondrial and Y-DNA.
It's like having a difference in how far back you could trace your direct paternal line versus how far back you could trace your direct maternal line.
The main significance of us being able to trace our ancestry back to each of them is simply that, despite the temporal & spatial distance between their generations' populations, eventually the DNA of both of those two separate individuals ultimately became a part of the Entire Human Population; while the DNA of most of everyone else at their own respective time(s) [at least for the genes pertinent to those particular "Markers", the Mitochondria & the Y-Chromosome] eventually got overridden by those from the two of them.
I find that tree & tree-branch analogies aren't always the best or most intuitive at times, and might help to think of it like 2 separate bottles or glasses pouring a stream of water onto 2 initially-separate pyramid-stacks of cups that eventually overlap toward the bottom; Except that the bottom continuously increases in sizes by the addition of more & more layers constantly being added to it from below. We can follow the stream & flow of the water back upwards (the genes back in-time), to those 2 different points which are Shared In-Common to All Modern Human Beings.
And there was me thinking mitochondrial was a festival but I could never find the date......Mitochondrial Eve before Mitochondrial Day....
I think another great example for this would be "The God Particle"
Yeah. I think most scientists stick to calling it the Higgs Boson these days.
@@Kleineganz I thought that was referencing DMT
@@FrankAaron I have no idea what "DMT" is but no, "The God Particle" is scientifically known as the Higgs Boson.
@@Kleineganz
I believe a specific extraterrestrial particle also had that nickname.
IIRC a subatomic particle hit Earth with the energy of a 60 mph baseball. Or something like that.
@@stephenolan5539 "You believe." That's the key phrase there. Cite your source because right now it sounds like you're quoting a myth.
There are some genetic disorders and anomalies where the egg does end up passing a Y chromosome though, so Y Chromosome Adam is just kinda wrong
Typically yes, your Y chromosome will always come from your father, but in rare cases you could have a Y chromosome from your mother. Depending on the exact mutation they have, your mother might not even know she has a Y chromosome becuase you could have various chromosomal anomalies like this, and still more or less resemble one of the traditional sexes.
TLDR: Chromosomes are weird and genetics don't do consistency very well
Mythology can be really helpful in establishing timelines, esp when talking with indigenous groups and their histories. But it's meant to be used alongside (to support, not disprove) actual archaeological evidence.
Mythology certainly has its place in archaeology (and anthropology to a certain extent) but definitely not in genetics
@@FeeshUnofficial that's an excellent point! I should've been specific in my comments, I was mostly thinking about historical events like population migrations, famines, and even the rise and falls of dynasties to name a couple examples. Typically things within the last few thousand years at the oldest.
You're discussing science... in Texas? Is that even legal?
It basically means that us the survivors are all descendants of those two people, not that those were the only people or didn't have any contemporaries or that the current y-Adam or mito-Eve will remain so with the passage of time.
I appreciated everything about this video. Was born and raised in Dallas
"Most recent common matrilineal ancestor" does NOT mean "the first woman common to all mankind." The first is a homo sapien, the latter is probably a fish or something idk.
That opening alone was a great chuckle. "The stars at night! Are big and bright!" Also, solid point at the end, using poetry as a basis of explanation is not good for science.
I'm gonna send this to my family because I find it interesting, and I'm pretty sure they'll feel the same.
I have a question…
Did u ever the Tragedy of Darth Plagueis the wise?
Jedi story that wouldn't be told?
Fantastic - thanks for your work. One day people will wake up and stop thinking magic is the answer.
🤔 I had to listen to this twice, the first time, I was too busy thinking that you would make for a great Doctor Who...
I always learned it as being the closest common ancestors for all humans alive, based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomes. Not that they are the origins, just that all other lineages from their times have died out, more by coincidence than anything. Not that they were the first sources of mitochondrial DNA or Y-chromosomes or anything.
Doesn't necessarily mean I'm right but that's what I learned regarding the terms
When I first read about Mitochondrial Eve, I was confused because the headline made it sound like it was a big deal they discovered when she would lived. It was inevitable that they come up with a date.
my guy just put on his fanciest suit and thought we would'nt notice, lookin great forrest!
Same as a Doctor declaring someone's recovery against the odds as miraculous. I once had a discussion with someone who declared his wife's recovery from cancer was a miracle from god because her doctor said so. Queue Tim Minchin...
The only issue I have found straightforward information gets forgotten in time and lost and/or when empires fall. Some give I up for survival. Poems, songs, and even stories stay with individuals and are passed on because of their death. If a person's survival is threatened, they'll be instinctively, smuggled, protected, and/or enshrined. One helps you survive, and the others create bonds needed to survive.
I hope we all find the story or song or rhyme. That keeps us from willful arrogance,it is just the facade of the ignorant at work.
As I understand it, there were never fewer than around 10,000 humans at any given time.
I think the smallest bottleneck was smaller than that but I could be mistaken.
It certainly wasn't eight.
I mean it's a beautiful explanation. Adam representing the male soul and eve representing the female soul that's beautiful man.
I know this is a little correction, but there are indeed instances where female cells and eggs have XY chromosomes, more commonly XXY or XYX chromosomes
That is a fly ass suit
it's also worth noting that although there is a single human who was "mitochondrial eve," she was not the first woman, or even the only woman on earth at that time.
Love your work Forrest 👍
Deep in the heart of Texas.
It's shriveled and dark. Almost as bad as being in the heart of Florida.
But it would be so romantic if our genetic mother had met our genetic father.
Forrest makes being from the 918 more bearable.
that black suit has to be hot as fuck in that weather
I like that since we are now just about at the point when we can start turning cells into different types of cells and use that method to turn cells of sperm-producing people into eggs, it is possible that at some point in the future, the mitochondrial eve might even just be some cis guy named Bob who wanted to have a child with his cis guy partner Jerry and they wanted the child to be related to both of them.
Unless sex chromosomes would make it so that the child would always be XY and so unlikely to go on to develop eggs in adulthood? Idk if that's how it works when two XY people have a child together.
Why tf would science waste time making people change their sex when ther are literal illnesses and handicaps that exist.
Two straight men having a baby together? Gay marriage and having a child is normal to me, but two hetero guys that are friends, just having a kid together seems weird to me 😂
I just reread your comment. The point about XY partners making only XY offspring is super intriguing. Kinda like how mules are "sterile" or whatever the term is, and they can't have offspring. That would be fascinating if that's how that worked, only being able to make a male child from a man's sperm. But I'm pretty sure they would only use one of the men's sperm, not both. They would use just one person's, not a mix of both. I'm sure they could do that with enough money and research, but that wouldn't make as much sense as using one sperm, not two different people's sperm
They would use donated egg cell, replace its DNA with DNA from sperm cell of one man and use sperm of other man to fertilize egg; unless mitochondrials are replaced too, baby would have mitochondrial DNA of donor.
@@valivali8104 Ah, I thought it was a complete transformation of the cell :(
THANK YOU!!!🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼💯💯. Imagine the affect the few quotes from Einstein where he mentions God has had on the masses who took those quotes at face value and were completely willfully ignorant about the fact that he was referring to the god of Spinoza and not the god of Aberham. To this day I have my Uncle sending me Persian language religious propaganda espousing those same Einstein quotes as evidence that one of the greatest minds of the 20th century was a believer. How about let’s not give them any more material they can distort, they are morally bankrupt because their god permits ANYTHING if it’s in defense (or advancement/spread) of their religion.
Always said what u said about the mythological names making things confusing. And don't get me started in the "god" particle...
Presumably this "mitochondrial Eve" would have had a husband or mate, quite likely just the one? I don't think this proves "Adam and Eve" but it seems plausible that we could all trace back to a single pair at some point in time. Eventually, all things trace back to a single organism, do they not?
To a single nonhuman organism.
best explanation!
Isn't the idea that mitochondria is a endosymbiont?
Wait. Does this mean the first human female is 100,000 years older than the first human male 🤔
Actually modern studied have found a likelyhood for Mitochondrial eve and Y chromosome Adam living closer in time than previously thought.
According to an Italian study by Francalacci, they both lived between 180 thousand and 200 thousand years ago.
Which puts them no more than 20 thousand years apart or less.
Did they know each other? No. Very likely no. Still....
It's kinda funny how mitochondrial eve and y chromosome adam are named that to cater to christians.
No they weren't.
No more than Mars was named to cater to ancient Romans.
Much love!!!
Plus, don't we only have Mitochondria thanks to Endosymbiosis back when humanity was a bunch of single-celled ameboid creatures, or something? (Blame my Biology teacher if that's wrong, he taught me that)
That's neat. I have been hearing that eventually the Y chromosome will be factored out of far future gens (hopefully the earth don't explode or whatever before it happens lol). Evolution is nuts.
No, it is creationist grifters who go around spreading confusion.
Thank you for expressing that, I didn’t know how. It’s frustrating because I have a friend who got lost in spiritual pseudoscience conspiracies and I didn’t really have a concise and effective phrase to express that.
This is Beavis from the future.
Deep in the Heart of Texas!
I'm almost proud of Forrest for that song call back
I love his videos......he is so intelligent.
Some scientists use religious references in order to help religious people understand, especially people who refuse to believe in anything but their theology. Eventually, you hit a brick wall bc ultimately, people choose to accept fact or stay ignorant.
Most people don’t realize that some of our ancestors have no physical relation to us as their contributions dropped off our DNA that can be traced. And so not all our gggggg great grandmothers are our DNA grandmothers even tho they actually were. It’s how siblings can wind up with different ethnic backgrounds Everyone in the family is French but then the French dropped away in the genetic halvings and doesn’t show up in sis.
Less poetry, more Pokémon! 😹
But one COULD equate the egg to Eve, and the sperm to Adam
I'm now even more confused because I've never heard of that term before and I have no idea what it even means, even after you explained it.
They are badly named terms.
If you and some random stranger were genetically tested it would be possible to estimate how recently you share an ancestor.
A relative traced our family tree back to a guy 16 or so generations back. An uncle and a guy that was also descended from him were tested and it showed the relationship. If they had not known a head of time it would have still shown them distantly related.
This video is about doing that for everyone alive today. It estimates when the last woman that we are all descended from lived. And when the last man we are all descended from lived.
I just want to add I don't think it's on you that you don't understand. The name was a poor choice and that probably threw you off.
@@stephenolan5539 Thank you for explaining that, yeah that makes a lot more sense. Hearing biblical terms used to describe scientific concepts is very alienating.
There is a joke about the fact that genetic Eve was a long time before genetic Adam. The punch line is to suggest industrial strength lesbianism.
It gets worse. Mitochondria did evolve before humans did ...sooo that eve would be some single celled organism i guess
Also XY women exist. They have their own Y and spread it to their daughters...not their sons.
Very rare, but not rare enough they haven't been found.
So nobody's gonna talk about that intro lol
It only confuses religious people. But yes. For that reason we must avoid it.
And mitochondrial Eve had a Human father and a Cylon mother …
you should make a video about why haeckel's drawings are still used in textbooks, its a very common argument posed and creationists say that science is being manipulated
Are they though?
And not as a history lesson or an example of what not to do?
Tell them how females ALSO have an "Adam's apple"!
Who would have believed that in this time of universal instant access to almost any branch of knowledge, it would result in an upswelling of superstition, jingoism, and prejudice.
Information oversaturation and religious upbringing. If you're not raised with the internet and haven't been using it regularly for the past 15+ years, it can also be pretty difficult to use the internet reliably