Thread Tension Adjustment Explained

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  • Опубліковано 23 лис 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 322

  • @AlexanderDyer
    @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому +44

    Thank you for watching my video and for all the kind and supportive comments. You are all part of such a wonderful community.

    • @MarioOrtiz-uv4bg
      @MarioOrtiz-uv4bg 4 роки тому

      My consew 206rb-5 top stitch i adjusted tensioner but it seems like theirs no tension whatsoever..please help

    • @philsullivan3679
      @philsullivan3679 3 роки тому

      Do you still have the 211 that you used when you made this video?

  • @craigs6892
    @craigs6892 Рік тому +8

    Im an upholsterer of 30 years , you sir have given the best explanation of this . Can be applied to all sewing machines, a primary setting that SHOULD be done . Great idea with 2 colours .

  • @judisewnsew6514
    @judisewnsew6514 5 років тому +46

    Absolutely the best explanation and demonstration of thread tension and what to fix and how to fix! Bravo!

  • @switthoft
    @switthoft 5 років тому +8

    Thank you for taking the time to show the full range of situations-from rat’s nest to home-machine bottom tension (out of the machine). Your explanations are very helpful, as well as empathetic (eg, “you might be thinking there is something horribly wrong with your machine, but...”).

  • @JebbAdams
    @JebbAdams 2 місяці тому

    Thanks again Alexander! The nests stopped when I increased the top tension. Just like you said. I just turned 69, and I started learning to sew finally! Sewing is a riot! Thanks, merci beaucoup from downtown Montreal!

  • @Rfink75
    @Rfink75 4 роки тому +2

    You are one of, if not THE best industrial sewing machine information video makers on the internet. Thank you for what you do.

  • @marcbourdon5763
    @marcbourdon5763 4 роки тому +2

    You are a KING! Now I'm just watching videos to watch them. Your videos have been really helpful, thanks!

  • @cristianm2361
    @cristianm2361 4 роки тому +3

    I have to thank you for sharing this information. I literally thought something was wrong with my TECHSEW postbed machine. I kept seen the bobbin tread pop up from under. After watching this video I played around with the tension and boom! what I thought was a major issue was a simple tension problem.

  • @GrammaPatriot
    @GrammaPatriot 4 роки тому +5

    This is, by far, the BEST video I've seen here on YT explaining and showing how tension works! Thank you so much for taking the time to teach us. I've learned a lot!

  • @AO-bx3rr
    @AO-bx3rr Місяць тому

    Thank you Thank you Thank you!
    You explained this so clearly. I am no longer tense about turning that tension dial! I am working on a newly acquired used Consew 1541s and the stitches were just not like I wanted. The top tension was too loose. It is perfect now.

  • @darknessfierce4209
    @darknessfierce4209 5 місяців тому

    This video should be included in every sewing machine set up in my opinion
    Well done

  • @leluzz1
    @leluzz1 5 років тому +2

    SO CLEARLY EXPLANATION, I AM STARTING IN SEWING MACHINES AND IT IS AN AMAZING WORLD, THANKS FOR SHARING

  • @papa7745
    @papa7745 Рік тому

    Thanks for this video I am a leather crafter who recently bought a leather sewing machine and I am having trouble when I change thread thickness this video will be a great help thankyou again.

  • @cathykirkland2969
    @cathykirkland2969 4 роки тому

    Thank you so much for this video! I bought a Consew 226R-2 three years ago and used it once. After breaking the thread and multiple other issues, I could not re-thread it properly. It has been sitting for 3 years, unused. Now that I am spending more time at home, I decided to either sell it or fix it. Watching your videos, I not only got it threaded properly but adjusted the tension PERFECTLY. I was so proud of myself, LOL! Thank you again!

  • @TwilightGuardian12
    @TwilightGuardian12 2 роки тому +1

    Thanks so much for sharing this! My tension was set perfect when I picked up my industrial machine but I accidentally bumped it the other night and threw it all off. This is super helpful!

  • @stevelowe3525
    @stevelowe3525 11 місяців тому

    Super useful to me a beginner, probably saved me hours of frustration!
    many thanks for sharing your wisdom

  • @celiaanderson8572
    @celiaanderson8572 4 роки тому +2

    This is the best video I ever saw that explained simply and effectively how to understand and adjust tension!! I have a new Juki 1541 that needed a little adjustment and now is sewing a perfect stich. Thank you!

  • @hamansutra
    @hamansutra 5 років тому +1

    Love the Videos. The Sewing Machine Industry basically failed to inform clients about there Products. We only had the Manual Books which was/still Fantastic. The Illustrations are worldclass but this kind of Videos makes it much easier to understand.

  • @marloumanito5744
    @marloumanito5744 4 роки тому +1

    You're a very good teacher.
    Your explanation is very clear.

  • @mendygirl4965
    @mendygirl4965 4 роки тому

    You are a savior! I have a Juki DDL 5500 And I was trying to fix the tension through the bobbin with no success. Hundreds of videos directed me to the bobbin tension. I followed this video and voila! I’m good to go. Thank you so much! Thumbs up and subscribed! Thanks again.

  • @williamoverton7265
    @williamoverton7265 Місяць тому

    Thank you very much. You explained it perfectly. My tension in my body is leaving and the tension in my stothes have returned!!!

  • @kimnguyen1227
    @kimnguyen1227 4 роки тому +1

    this is amazing. I never understood what this all meant until now. I didn't understand the figure, and I didn't know how to test my tension except "yeah, this looks good."

    • @kimnguyen1227
      @kimnguyen1227 4 роки тому

      but how do I know when I need to fix the tension on the bobbin?

  • @MultiMooncow
    @MultiMooncow 2 роки тому

    Newbie trying to get a commercial machine going. Thank you so very much for your great videos

  • @laj112897
    @laj112897 Рік тому +1

    The best explanation! I will always remember this. Thank you!

  • @knotyourgrannysquare2865
    @knotyourgrannysquare2865 3 роки тому +3

    Thank you a million times! Excellent video and explanation! My tension headache has disappeared and my tension thread I no longer fear!😉

  • @gavinreynolds3811
    @gavinreynolds3811 7 місяців тому

    Hi Alexander , you contact and explanations are excellent. You make a very good teacher. I'm so glad to have found you on the internet, it is music to my ears . I'm a product of the what used to be a the sewing industry here in South Africa. Unfortunately when the current government came into power they destroyed this industry when they decided to allow China to dump their crape in this country. Now just about very Item of apparel and footwear, is produced elsewhere. Keep up the good work.

  • @evancorzine2876
    @evancorzine2876 2 місяці тому

    Really a fantastic video. I recently acquired a Singer 211 and this is very helpful.

  • @brneahowt3448
    @brneahowt3448 Рік тому

    Thank you! I am always so nervous to change the tension. This helps!

  • @Xpresslifetifa
    @Xpresslifetifa Рік тому

    I hope I can fix my tension issue tomorrow thank you for the explanation

  • @warrenbuitendag5286
    @warrenbuitendag5286 4 роки тому

    best explanation you can find anywhere, I looked at my work piece after watching this and could immediately determine my bottom bobbin tension was to tight. Thank you.

  • @r.duroucher225
    @r.duroucher225 2 роки тому +1

    Clearest explanation there is on this issue. Thank you!

  • @alittamolala7011
    @alittamolala7011 3 роки тому

    Thanks a million times.I battled so much with bottom loose stiches .

  • @ronpark3539
    @ronpark3539 4 роки тому +2

    You have produced the best how to/problem solving video . it has been a great help to me .thank you

  • @IngDebo
    @IngDebo 5 років тому +5

    So helpful! I've just graduated from tension school!

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому

      Now you can do your graduate in threading.

  • @jrv858
    @jrv858 3 роки тому

    Thank you...just what i needed to learn just picked up my first machine have alot to learn

  • @esthermurray2175
    @esthermurray2175 2 роки тому

    Watching all the way from the caribbean. Thank you for explaining it was really easy to understand. Blessings

  • @lickitysplit2413
    @lickitysplit2413 5 років тому

    I got my 201-2 bobbin tension in the ballpark with a one ounce weight tied to the bobbin thread. Hold the bobbin/case in the air with the weight tied to the thread and the thread should basically just start to thread off the bobbin with a little shake of the bobbin. This seemed to work well for me at least getting the bobbin tension in the ballpark for the types of thread I use which is mostly #69 on my 201. Great video once Alexander, thanks for sharing your knowledge.

  • @rickfearn3663
    @rickfearn3663 2 роки тому +1

    Outstanding clarity in explanation. You have a gift!

  • @danielmendez3099
    @danielmendez3099 Рік тому

    If I could give this video a million thumbs up, I would!! Thanks so much. The close up really helped to understand the bottom tension. I was able to fix my machine

  • @tomgarrett687
    @tomgarrett687 4 роки тому

    I had a lot of problems with my Consew 226 and the repair shop said it was my tension. I had the most incredible rat's nest you have ever seen. They could probadly make a movie about it. Your explaination and good clear video are excellent. Personally I think they are of Oscar quality.....Stay well my friend.....

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  4 роки тому

      Oscar Mayer weiners? Just kidding Tom Garrett. I think it is a good thing to never take one's self too seriously but I appreciate your nice comments. I wonder what the title of your movie might be. Thank you.

  • @xUrbanCowGirLx
    @xUrbanCowGirLx 2 роки тому +1

    Always so helpful and informative. I was really hung up on understanding tension, until you explained it here. Thank you.

  • @brianhudson106
    @brianhudson106 2 роки тому

    Hi Alexander thank you so much for your very clear explination regarding machine tentioning. My wife has been having issues with her Juki DDL8700 for quite some time but you has just trained me to be able to fix 1 of her sewing problems. Once again thank you very much. Regards Brian and Marilyn Hudson, Brisbane Australia

  • @nicoles8176
    @nicoles8176 5 років тому +2

    Thank you. It’s very helpful. I really learned a lot about thread tension. So far you are the best of all I have seen. Thank you again.

  • @81leadbelly
    @81leadbelly 4 роки тому +1

    Perfection! Thank You! My favorite feature is your accent! I could listen to you all day😁

  • @harleyibarra5440
    @harleyibarra5440 3 роки тому +1

    Probably the most understandable video I have yet to see on this topic. Thank you for that. I can’t wait to see the rest of your videos.

  • @karenbrooks9841
    @karenbrooks9841 4 роки тому

    That video was the clearest explanation of any I have seen on tension. I applaud you for an awesome job!

  • @robert3006paul
    @robert3006paul 3 роки тому

    Thanks for the video. Great description and explanation. The good old Monty Ward is stichin' like a dream after this!

  • @SuperBellezza1
    @SuperBellezza1 5 років тому +1

    Excellent demonstration. I understand tension so much clearer now. Thanks.

  • @ajnabimusaffir1011
    @ajnabimusaffir1011 3 роки тому +1

    Sir your way of explaining and demonstrating the things is really superb 👍. I was so confused and facing much difficulty as how to adjust the top settings but now i am much clear. Thnx a lot. You made it really easy 😊

  • @shonji57
    @shonji57 2 роки тому

    Hi Alexander, your videos are total awesome!
    I have a Adler 167 it is set up for 138 Tenera thread. 130 needle.
    I have been sewing marine canvas enclosures for 3O years . I have been use this thread since my supplier started carry it . At first it was too oil being high speed thread . Then delaminating of the outer coating . Now that all the bugs have been eliminated from the producer
    it’s wonderful thread ,lifetime warranty, my client love it , so do I cause once I build something I never won’t to see it again unless something catastrophic happens from
    Mother Nature or the client .
    The tension that I have to apply to the thread because of the slipperiness is so much that it is cutting a groove into the casting .
    I have been taught that the thicker the material the tighter the thread tension should be .So what happens is when I’m sewing a couple of layers
    the bottom pops up to the top stitch ! I really don’t want to be going back and forth with resetting of the tension because the learning curve was so great with this thread , once I figured it out I just want to leave it alone !
    I guess the only option is to use another compound feed for doing just a couple of lays .

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  2 роки тому

      I think your needle may be too small. My chart says to use a 22 (140) or 23 (160) with tex 138 thread. This could help to explain the de-laminating. That is an easy thing to at least try. As to adjusting the tension for different projects it should be easy to learn, just tighten it a little for this project and loosen a little for that project. Easy, but not as easy as buying a new machine 😉

  • @rebeccahart8306
    @rebeccahart8306 5 років тому

    Thank you so much! My machine has been in the closet forever because the thread knotted up under the fabric. I am very happy to see this video and you explained it so well! Thanks again!

  • @dominickdeflorio193
    @dominickdeflorio193 Рік тому

    The best I've seen. Very pragmatic; true instructor. Thank you.

  • @roxannericchio3556
    @roxannericchio3556 4 роки тому

    Thank you for this great explanation! I have a new Seiko and was trying to balance my tension.

  • @jsi4452
    @jsi4452 5 років тому +1

    Very nice description of tension. I think I might be able to adjust it now. Thank you.

  • @richardcarver5356
    @richardcarver5356 5 років тому +2

    Really nice video. Mastering and understanding the basics makes the work so much easier.

  • @painter225
    @painter225 Рік тому

    Wow! Thanks so much for a wonderful explanation on adjustments! Will be saving a link to reference again whenever I need to!

  • @markbanks2741
    @markbanks2741 2 роки тому

    This video is very helpful. Thank you for taking so much time in your detailed info

  • @ClivehWright
    @ClivehWright 5 років тому +1

    Hey thanks, I always wondered about bottom thread tension and could never find a difinative answer.

  • @ibsoarin
    @ibsoarin 4 роки тому

    Alexander,
    I have a Singer 111W153 which has the identical upper tension assembly as this 211.
    I am interested in how to adjust the second, lower knob in the upper tension assembly. I specifically noticed how you threaded the upper tension assembly including the specific "click". The second knob seems to regulate the take up spring.
    Your videos are so helpful in refurbishing and adjusting industrial sewing machines.
    Thank you for your time, expertise and experience in sewing machines.

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  4 роки тому

      check out Ewe Grosse ua-cam.com/video/XicwSGPaYiA/v-deo.html

  • @annhogg7500
    @annhogg7500 4 роки тому +1

    Thank you so much I have been trying to work out how to do this for weeks, then I was told about your site brilliant once again thank for taking the time to do this.

  • @user-wo7rz3yn4o
    @user-wo7rz3yn4o 2 роки тому

    I love your videos and your style of explaining things. Thank you.

  • @nwester4232
    @nwester4232 4 роки тому +1

    Great video, and a very helpful explanation and demonstration of tension adjustment.

  • @shitalkanitkar5995
    @shitalkanitkar5995 4 роки тому

    Thanks for the ' thread tension for dummies' video. Other videos were making me tense about my comprehensive abilities!☺

  • @Apofis3000aC
    @Apofis3000aC 2 роки тому

    very interessing video, thanks i have more troubles whit my Adler 69-373. Today i will try to use the skills in this video. Good job!

  • @annemorgan2928
    @annemorgan2928 5 років тому

    Just excellent. I haven’t seen a video before that has discussed this issue so clearly as you have. I would love you to explain the presser foot pressure adjustment. How to adjust etc for different fabrics and troubleshooting. Thank you so much.

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому

      Thank you and thanks for the suggestion.

  • @sallyburkett1676
    @sallyburkett1676 5 років тому +1

    Thank you, I shared to my kenmore sewing machine group on Facebook.

  • @AccelHeight
    @AccelHeight 4 роки тому

    This video was a game changer in finally understanding thread tension! Thank you!!!

  • @christinemottley546
    @christinemottley546 5 років тому

    Fantastic demo. Explained perfectly and found it easy to understand .

  • @JericoGoods
    @JericoGoods 9 місяців тому

    You just taught me how to fish....thank you sir.

  • @jameswyatt5859
    @jameswyatt5859 4 роки тому

    Excellent explaination. In fact, one of the best I've seen.

  • @308Savagebolt
    @308Savagebolt 5 років тому +20

    Your on FIRE with the dad jokes! I caught those because I paid... A-tension!!🤣🤣🤣

  • @Sweetpeastrawberrylimeshake
    @Sweetpeastrawberrylimeshake 3 роки тому

    Thank you so much. You helped me tremendously with your explanation!!

  • @AtelierDBurgoyne
    @AtelierDBurgoyne 5 років тому +1

    Thanks for this excellent tutorial. Your diction is great and camera work is fantastic.
    I was struggling with rats nesting of the top thread yesterday on my home machine (Singer 500J) while topstitching with thick thread (Tex 90) on cotton canvas shorts. I had regular all purpose poly thread in the bobbin.
    I think it took me a while to work out all the issues.
    The needle was a jeans type size 100. It might have been still too small for that thread. I did not have a size 120 to try nor a topstiching needle type. Mea culpa on that one.
    The bobbin tension had gotten loose somehow. I fixed that using a 1 once weight to calibrate the bobbin. It did help.
    The top tension adjustment is still very sensitive. Just moving from 2 to 3 on the dial would result in too much tension. I have not had success taking this tensioning unit apart to clean yet (the dial thumb wheel will not come out) but I will try passing a thread with little knots in it to check for the presence of lint.
    It might be that I was pushing the limits of my machine too. I do not have an industrial size straight sewing machine and that could be helpful for that size of thread. I am going to make some jeans pants and jackets and will see how it all goes.
    Daniel

    • @Tina06019
      @Tina06019 5 років тому +1

      AtelierDBurgoyne Daniel, I have found that if the top & bottom threads are of different thickness and weight that I can never get the tension of the stitch correct.
      Maybe there’s a way to do, but I don’t know how to do it.

  • @alpachinco5155
    @alpachinco5155 Рік тому

    Amazing video! I'm so happy I found your channel as I just got a TechSew 2700 and didn't think about thread tension at all. I haven't used the machine yet as I need to replace the belts but I am looking forward to more great information, thank you!

  • @conniemoody5063
    @conniemoody5063 3 роки тому

    Incredible and easy to follow explanations. Thanks so much!

  • @Lapeerphoto
    @Lapeerphoto 5 років тому +1

    Thanks AD - Man I hate those dreaded 'rats nests' especially in my 211 - with the notch in the bobbin case that rests in the bottom needle plate. I see you are proficient at removing the plate to release the rats nest. I usually try to carefully dig/cut it out from the bottom. Removing the plate is usually the last resort but occasionally necessary if not caught soon enough. I love your wit - great tension tutorial.

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому

      Yes, I am like you, but I got pretty extreme with the problem setup and I was using Tex105. 😳

  • @leecopp8012
    @leecopp8012 5 років тому +2

    Hey Mr Alex .. nice job .. some good photography showing the bobbin/tension spring parts and adjustments.

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому

      Thank you. I think it helps when you can see what I am talking about so I try to get good shots.

  • @dannyl2598
    @dannyl2598 5 років тому

    Thank you. Excellent tutorial. Very easy to understand and well done.

  • @teawhy222
    @teawhy222 4 роки тому

    Best explanation I’ve seen. Thank you for this.

  • @TorquinDSL
    @TorquinDSL Рік тому

    Thanks for the excellent explanation!

  • @anniedcruz7025
    @anniedcruz7025 5 років тому

    Thank you! V V informative, v clearly n neatly explained,upto the point n the best of all no irritating music or distractions. I was struggling with this for a long this is going to be of great help to me. Keep going....

  • @anitacolbert8964
    @anitacolbert8964 5 років тому +1

    Great video, well done, easy to understand. Thanks!

  • @gailrod2096
    @gailrod2096 5 років тому

    Thanks to you, I'll be able to change my sewing machine tension!

  • @susangreen8252
    @susangreen8252 5 років тому

    Great explanation, especially the bottom tension. Thank you!

  • @alphasails2
    @alphasails2 5 років тому

    Good visual presentation on tensioning the threads.
    Thanks for sharing.
    🙏👍❤️

  • @rahalati
    @rahalati 4 роки тому +1

    That was so helpful and well explained. Thanks

  • @floridasaltlife
    @floridasaltlife 5 років тому +1

    Would like to see you do a further addemdum talking about overall combined tension, how it can cause problems like pucker or just not tight enough seams the other way and how the sweet spot in the middle is acheived. just food for another great video some day...

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому

      I wish I would have included that in this video. I will have to figure how to best present that. Thanks for the input.

  • @drmichaelelinski6992
    @drmichaelelinski6992 5 років тому

    Hi Alexander. Thanks for another very helpful video. I appreciate all of your videos. You are down to earth 🌍 🌎 🌏 , relaxed, and always helpful to me. I have to say your videos are becoming more and more professional as you are increasingly relaxed and now a pro making videos to share all your knowledge. You are appreciated more than you realize.
    BTW, I’m still looking for the ideal trip feed « industrial » sewing machine to serve as my work-horse machine, to do everything from thick denim seams and leather to typical piecing of quilting cotton. It seems the more I read and watch various people like yourself, the more confused I get. I know about the two types of motors, the Servo motor and a usual type of motor like the one you use here in this video and that is used in most domestic sewing machines. Sorry, but I’m forgetting the correct terminology right now. I’m having difficulty finding a shop where I can try using both or several types of machines and motors, so I can compare them side-by-side. Nevertheless, your videos help me learn and see clearly through the maze of what machines are available in the market. One day, I’ll find the right person and the right shop where I can effectively work with someone willing to spend a little time with me using various machines. Thanks for all that you’ve taught me, even though I know I sound a bit foggy this morning. I like the Juki and Consew machines; in general, would you recommend one make over the other? I like the idea of having a quiet, economically efficient Servo motor under the table with the machine built into a table. If you know a source where I could find these machines, or other similar ones, I’d appreciate your advice, since I always value your input. Have a great day! 🙏

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому +1

      As far as clutch motor and servo motors go, I would definitely recommend the servo. It is just a more friendly sewing experience. The clutch motors better suited to factory conditions. I am a big fan of the Juki sewing machines and a guy could do a lot worse that the Juki 1541. Here are a couple of dealers that might be able to help. hendersonsewing.com, nickosew.com . Hope some of that helps. Thank you for all the kind words, very encouraging.

    • @drmichaelelinski6992
      @drmichaelelinski6992 5 років тому

      Alexander Dyer, hi. Your suggestion helps me a lot. Hope you’re having a good summer that’s not 🥵 HOT, and not flooding by your home. Around here, it’s a typical, mild summer; we maybe hit 90º one day, if that. I can’t complain. In addition to my sewing and quilting projects, I’ve been accelerating my language learning in French (speaking to native French speakers but Skype) and restarted learning German, which I studied for one year in college. I garden daily, care for our home, and take care of my geriatric mini-dachshund, Domino, and my very ill partner of 27 years. His name is Scott with severe cardiac disease. I’ll try sending a couple garden pictures that I just took. The ocean water is just approaching 70º, so I brave it and jumps in when I walk there on warm, humid days.
      Your comment and recommendations help me very much.
      Best to you my friend,
      Michael

  • @GibClark
    @GibClark 5 років тому

    Very helpful 👍👍👍👍 been having bird nest issues

  • @Danielle33384
    @Danielle33384 5 років тому +1

    I can’t thank you enough for explaining this!

  • @MisaniLeatherWorks19
    @MisaniLeatherWorks19 3 роки тому

    Thank you so much. This has helped me

  • @rmcdaniel423
    @rmcdaniel423 5 років тому

    Nice little musical interlude at the end!

    • @AlexanderDyer
      @AlexanderDyer  5 років тому

      Thanks, I am glad you made it to the end.😀

  • @sbrickett
    @sbrickett 5 років тому

    Great explanation of tension! I am sharing this with my sewing groups. Thanks!

  • @deirdrerobbins856
    @deirdrerobbins856 4 роки тому

    Thank you so much for explaining this

  • @thejasonofalltrades
    @thejasonofalltrades 5 років тому +1

    Really good explanation, thanks Alexander!

  • @janstetler9888
    @janstetler9888 4 роки тому +1

    This helped me a lot,
    thanks!

  • @406Montana
    @406Montana 5 років тому

    This was great info.. It's the only video that I've seen that explains tension...great job

  • @jimmysegovia2688
    @jimmysegovia2688 Рік тому

    Thanks man for sharing 🙏 I have a consew sewing machine it's confusing digital machine.

  • @1carve2
    @1carve2 2 роки тому

    Thanks. Great explanation. I did not see those cute little clips on your shopping list. Looked again and saw some. Those multicolor plastic type things make my brain hurt. I did find some red ones like you are using in the end.

  • @meemqaaf
    @meemqaaf 3 роки тому

    Lovely explanation - thank you