Earliest European Mention of Japan // Marco Polo Describes Mongol Invasion of 'Chipangu' (1281)
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- Опубліковано 28 лип 2020
- Here we have Marco Polo telling the Mongol side of the invasion of 1281, and the catastrophes that followed - and the first European mention of the mysterious island of 'Chipangu'.
Taken from the translation by Henry Yule.
Video actor and editor: David Kelly
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Thanks to:
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Kublai Khanそらみみ / CC BY-SA (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
Hideyuki KAMON / CC BY-SA (creativecommons.org/licenses/...)
James St. John Pearls
By Copyright © National Land Image Information (Color Aerial Photographs), Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Attribution, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Kyushu University: web.archive.org/web/201310191...
Marco Polo: "Ghost of Tsushima was so cool they made it into a thing lmao"
Marco Polo a couple seconds into the account: "They have, like, so much gold dude"
@@wdsftygt are you talking about yourself?
@@Xishnik94 nope
@@wdsftygt Wow, dude calm down. He did seem to have a one track mind.
Japan did have a lot of Gold. Hideyoshi gave literal tons of it away to his subordinates.
GOOOOOOLLLLLLLDDDDDDDDDS
Chapter 1: Marco Polo trying to get more funding to make a journey to Japan himself.
Japan did have a lot of Gold. Hideyoshi gave literal tons of it away to his subordinates.
Because there was no actual international trade, the gold they kept producing became as common as copper and held little to no value. They had so much, and they kept mining for more so the emperors can get elaborate gold ceilings and brick houses...
first weeb in history lmao
@@julsd6009 21st cent weebs : Go to Japan to get merchandise.
13th cent weeb : Went to Japan to get "merchandise".
Yup, Marco "Gold Gold" Polo is a big weeb.
I had no idea Marco Polo wrote about the Mongol invasions of Japan.
Well if you know that the Khan who he served was one of Kublai,then its not hard to assume such thing 🙂
Take books, that’s not even surprising
There is a really good show on Netflix that is about Marco Pollo and the Mongols.
@@erictheguapo I'm sorry but the terms "really good" and "Netflix show" rarely belong together.
@@deathsheadknight2137 Check it out and decide for yourself
"Oh forgot to mention some dudes with stones in their bodies and couldn't be cut"
Uh....what? Yeah that's quite the side note Marco!
Cheers Marco for glossing over the 13th century Japanese mechsuits
I think he was just misunderstanding layered armor.
@@NayrGamingHD lmao this is hilarious
@@claywoodral7587 I agree
Clay Woodral nah, the secret mech suits are not to hidden any longer!
Marco Polo: “...and then everybody died. The End.”
LOL! That's pretty much it, isn't it? Even the guy that escaped dies at the end.
And then everybody died...very painfully. Fin!
@@StudioArtFX Even the eight people who couldn't be killed were killed!
Of gold poisoning.
polo was the first pissed off dnd dm huh? 'rocks fall everybody dies'
I imagine the great Kublai Khan having one of his concubines read Master Polo's book and laughing his ass off at these colorful descriptions of his army, while also shedding a tear in remembrance of the clever venetian man that had delighted him with his tales for 25 years while in his service.
Marco Polo truly was a gentleman, scholar and explorer of a higher breed.
8:16 Are we just going to ignore the fact that apparently Japan was building mech soldiers in the 1200s?
And was beaten to death with clubs.
Anthony Y yeah and who knows who the translator was xD
@@imdumberthanthepersonimrep9134 no need to dismiss it out of hand either. if there happens to be some measure by which this is possible, then I'd say it warrants looking into. after all, the truth doesn't fear investigation.
@@benkai343434 I think it all sounds like he was just giving offhand information, he even says something like "oh, I almost forgot..."
Who ALMOST FORGETS invincible warriors with rocks under their skin?
As in “mechanized?”
"Oh emperor, a huge part of the enemy army has stranded on a desert island where they will perish from hunger."
"Cool, let's bring them all our ships!"
"I came here to laugh at you."
If only
He thought about making a video game
"Hi, my name is Marco Polo. Gold. I come from Europe. Gold. Today, gold, I went for a walk. Gold. How, gold, are, gold, you, gold, doing?"
Why, I'm quite gold, thank you.
This comment is comedy gold
A U right.
Europe has every mineral resources known to man, but it lacks gold unfortunately.
*rolls window down in Japan*
Pardon me Sir, but do you have any grey GuGold?
This is such a gem of a channel. I am so glad that I came across it some months ago. It also led me down a long list of other channels that I've grown to be fascinated with like History Time and all the similar channels to it through recommendations. I just want to say Thank You, that's all
The storm that sunk the invasion fleet came to be know as "the divine wind", or "kamikaze" in Japanese.
Or also known as, “Jin Sakai” or “The Ghost”
These a really good to fall asleep to and not in a bad way. Your voice is extremely relaxing. Also you are really good at narration the way you speak makes it sound like the person telling us a story rather than you directly reading their accounts.
"...except for the pretty women which they took for themselves."
What a way of phrasing "mass rape".
Well, technically concubinage, but yes, probably significant amounts of rape too.
@Clark Gable There's always someone who has to bring up American politics.
I wouldn't pass up some cute Japanese girls either. ;D
Konoron Whether we like it or not, America is a preeminent power and is always gonna be brought up in discussion from time to time.
@@Konoronn Sensible people like to draw parallels between history and modernity instead of autistically memorizing it for no other purpose.
It almost seems like he has a sense of humor
I feel so lucky to hear these, after a long day of work cracking a beer and relaxing to your channel. Thanks
perfect, i just finished playing ghost of tsushima a few days ago
How was it? No spoilers please
Are people capable of doing anything without referencing a product they consume?
@@rodrigorivers2469 one of the best games of the decade
@@LucidFL im14andthisisdeep
Lucid it's as if, if I don't tell anyone that today I'm going to eat Torrejitas, I won't be able to finish cleaning the house.
Jk.
5:40 The ol' Tartar Switcheroo.
I love it! I especially like how you divide the account in succinct parts. Well done!
Uploaded today
Nice, thanks a lot
Very interesting topic
These videos fantastic. Thank you!
The music in the beginning is absolutely gorgeous!
I requested this. Thank you.
Thank you for this! Marcos Polo had such an interesting life
Maybe Polo was repeating the rumors the mongols heard about Japan? I don't think he was at Japan at all, but just repeating the false rumors about the land.
I'd call them "overly embellished rumors" rather than false rumors.
He never said he'd personally been in Japan. He reported what was said about it at the Khan's court.
Correct. Second, third hand accounts.
@@posteador Maybe even fourth-hand. Marco Polo never wrote of his adventures; instead they were dictated to his cellmate Rustichello da Pisa (while incarcerated during Venice's war with Genoa), who ultimately wrote down what he recalled of his conversations with Polo.
Yeah, when he wrote about the Mongols reaching the capital it became obvious that he was repeating stories.
Bro your channel is perfect, keep it up
"On these eight, they found it impossible to inflict any wound. Now, this was by virtue of certain stones which they had in their arms inserted between the skin and the flesh." Marco Polo confirms the existence of the Shikon jewel shards from Inuyasha
Here's my question, why did polo report this, the gold, etc? Was he just regurgitating yuan rumors and gossip, or...?
Because that is pretty much what he knows of or heard from? Plato's cave cones to mind...
He knew what people who were asking for a report on the other side of the world would actually care about.
With Marko Polo a lot has to be taken with a grain of salt. He didnt write the works attributed to him himself, he dictated them in later life to an arthurian fiction writer while they were in prison together. A lot of people doubt his accounts (for instance chinese records talk about his relatives but not Polo himself, despite the fact Polo allegedly knew Khublai himself)
So Polo himself might be repeating what other traders told him, which is then getting further embellished by the book.
There was a golden temple in Japan completed in the late 1300s, but that would have been completed long after Polos travels. But something similar coild have sparked rumors maybe?
Its probably just something similar to the Roc he claims existed. Complete mythology
@@sclair2854 The absence of Chinese records should be taken with a grain of salt either. People tend to talk of them like they are a complete set of records dating back to millennia BC. In reality they are extremely fragmentary, and that's especially true for the ones of the early Yuan dinasty. IE, the Chinese record that talks of the voyage (and of the entire existence for that matter) of the Princess Kököchin, had been written more than one century after the event, and that's the only Chinese report confirming Polo's account of the fact (that's much closer to the events). Without that single record, historians would have concluded that Polo probably invented the whole story.
Marco Polo likes to spice up his stories.
Liked before I even watch/listen 👌🏻
It would be amazing if you subtitled the text of the original language as you speak it, even if it doesn't align 100% because of the way its translated
Marco Polo sure liked to embellish! Temples roofed and floored in two finger-thick plates of gold; subdermal stone armor that makes one invincible to steel blades and beheading.
Maybe that Netflix show about him isn't so far fetched after all ;)
He had never been to Japan.
There’s a temple in Kyoto entirely covered in gold leaf. If people saw it they may have thought it was solid gold
@@gj1234567899999 that temple was completed almost a full century after he travelled
@LagiNaLangAko23 or what other merchants told him. Polos personal connections to high ranking Mongols are doubted by historians.
@@sclair2854 Without personal connections to high ranking Mongols, he should hardly have been part of the expedition of Princess Kököchin in Persia (and we know that part of his accounts to be true).
Man, can you imagine what Kublai Khan's reaction to hearing about this must've been like? "Okay, so there was a typhoon, we'll just have to regroup try again later. ...What do you _mean_ a bunch of our men were left stranded on an island?! Why didn't anyone pick them up?! That petty little baron..."
An interesting thought I had when listening to the description of Japanese lacquered armor is that it likely was exceptionally effective against the Mongols. Reason being, the armor was designed specifically against the bow and arrow, and suited for mounted combat, very similar to the Mongol style of fighting. This likely made the armor, despite being weaker than plate armor, very effective against the Mongol calvary archers.
That folks is how you do a commentary on ancient warfare
06:40 :- ) They were an army with no internet or weekend leaves. Trust me, they kept the not-so-pretty women, too.
and never forget this, kids! When you write an account of history, ALWAYS support your credibility with a brief story of magical stones. Always!
"KHOTUN KHAN! I am Jin Sakai, nephew of Lord Shimura. I have come to avenge his Honor."
Nice, watching now
my grandfather from Venice still calls Japan "Cipango"
This is a rumor about a rumor that Marco Polo reimagined.
Nice
By 1:20 Marco establishes’ that everything is gold
You like Ghost of Tsushima... Don't you, Squidward
Brilliant video, brilliant channel! Actually the Japanese had a LOT of silver. As for the gold I'm not sure. The European trading empires (save for the Spanish) often stopped in Chipangu just to get silver, that they would then exchange for Chinese or Indian goods.
Yaas!!
Those amrita stones have shown up alot in games.
This remembering me with the island of wak-wak (waq-waq), it's an island possibly, even more than one island in medieval Arabic geographical and imaginative literature.
in the Arab versions, in the sea of China, there is also the famous island of Waq-Waq as reported by most medieval Arab geographers. This island is ruled by a queen and the population is only female (Although there are also people stated it located in Madagascar or Sumatra/java).
Ibn khordabeb said "East of China are the lands of Waqwaq, which are so rich in gold that the inhabitants make the chains for their dogs and the collars for their monkeys of this metal. They manufacture tunics woven with gold. Excellent ebony wood is found there. And again: Gold and ebony are exported from Waqwaq."
I read an article about Wakwak (I forgot what it is, but I get it from clicking one of the reference links in Wikipedia) that said Wakwak comes from a miss pronounce for Cantonese name of Japan, which is Wo-Kuo, which translated to "the country of Wo".
Somewhere I read that "Wak-Wak" is the Iranian word for Japan, and it came about when Persian emissaries went to Korea during the Middle Ages. In Korean (at least at that time), Japan was known as "Wak-Wo", meaning "land of the small" for the Japanese were shorter than Koreans, and in the Farsi of the time, the Persians took the name as "Wak-Wak".
What do the local sources (Chinese, Korean, Japanese and any others) say about the invasion?
I must know the music that the video starts off with. Can anyone help?
Gotta get that ghost of tsushima hype
You could visit to see old ancient building made of gold at north of Japan in Honshu island.
Stones under their skin?
I think it is important to remember that history is often embellished!
I'd love to hear the Japanese account.
Hmm, gotta wonder about those subdermal stones. Wanna know more, but can't find another source on it.
Anyone else?
It's very likely a false tale.
Do you think you could fight a battle with stone shoved into cut wounds before the invention of anesthesia?
@@95keat I first thought it to be BS too. And yeah, it would hurt like a mofo -- not only would they make the cut to slide the stone in, but also would have to insert a tool to raise the skin away from the flesh to form a pocket for the stone to sit in. But that's not to say it couldn't have ever happened. Body modification is an old, worldwide custom. Still today people put things under their skin for decoration.
They'd have to have been mighty thin stones. Too thin to provide much protection, it seems.
But the claim they could not be wounded is utter hogwash. Since Marco didn't see any of this with his own eyes, I'm gonna chalk it all up to exaggerated soldiers' tales.
It’s probably a confused understanding of Japanese armor, their technique was quite different from what was used on the mainland.
probably BS made up by the mongols....waaaaah they have stones under the skiiiiin
There is no way they had that much Gold. “Hi, my name is Marco and I love to exaggerate.”
I doubt it was his exaggeration and that he was just acting as a mouthpiece for a rumour that had long existed, though never confirmed, given Japans self imposed isolation. More likely it was an exaggeration that was pervasive amongst the court of Kublai and perhaps amongst the populace at large. So I'd posit that Marco was inclined to take the rumour of the gold and it's exaggeration at face value and just relayed what he'd been told. Given the fact that all the things he had seen in the orient up to that point were so removed from the norms of his own culture, then it would be entirely understandable.
Not really arab source said that they have house made in gold
and their sky was a topping of thick gold
Hello, I left a comment on the American perspective of first contact with Japan asking about a picture you used. Could you get back to me about it?
Hi Rich, its a postcard from about 1911. Google "postcard japanese painting"
@@VoicesofthePast thank you mate. Have you seen "david bull" on UA-cam? He has a wood block print business in Japan, the videos are great and so are the prints. Look him up
Really want to listen to the siege of tsushima
Stones in their flesh? Never heard of this. Anyone have anything to add?
Layered armor?
Any far away place in the middle ages: "They have so much gold people walk on it".
MARCO!
POLO!
Yooo 3 minute gang
"s-sir! We cannot kill this man! He can't be harmed by sword!"
"fine. Bludgeon him to death."
If Marco Polo was alive today, he would definitely be one of those people that says "like" a lot.
He would go uhm more than certain politicians like trudeau
Whats up w the stones
movie material :)
Marco Polo is really adding to the Stereotype of European Explorers and Conquistadors being obsessed with Gold.
Please do Pope Urban II speech at Clermont, the proclamation of the First Crusade (November 27th, 1095)
This is the guy I've been looking for in my swimming pool all this time?
Marco Polo narrating the RL basis of the Ghost of Tsushima. How relevant!
never heard of gold in chipangu
Well, lets not forget that this is from the man who wrote that "rhynoceros defend themselves by scrapping the flesh of their enemies to the bone with their spike-covered thonges" if this happened it sound more like the mistake of a local daimyo since neither the emperor nor the shogun would have gone in such an expedition nor would have leaved their (quite far away) capital city unguarded. Also it doesn´t sound like thousands of mongol raiders could just stealtly escape on "some" of the japanise ships, more like a couple hundred at most. Still very interesting indeed!
Did Marco Polo's gold mouth started the invasion?
Who would not tempted by such rumor
That's impossible soild gold palace?
Its a little bit hard to imagine 30 thousand soldiers on a small island 🤔🤔🤔
Manhattan is a small island with a couple million people dawg
@@LeadenMarshmallow yeah because of modern infrastructure , imagine being shipwrecked on a tiny island with absolutley nothing on it with zero tools. The actual island might have been bigger but the image he used was a pretty small one.
I"ve seen docs on how Manhatten was built and how the subway was made and bridges aswell , that shit was mind blowing to.
@@arcticsnowfox2220 I mean yeah I agree that probably didn't go well for them ... Just saying if they were sailing they were used to not having private space
That part was confirmed in other accounts, even if the number of the men stranded varies.
Conquistadors searching for golden cities:
Its free real estate
wait there where people walking around with stones in their skin?! like seriously? this really happened?! I want to hear more about that!
It's false. Most of his accounts on Japan were second hand stories from survivors of the Japanese invasions who idolized the warriors of Japan as inhuman storm monsters.
@@yoshilorak5897 woh heavy
Every European's first impression of a foreign nation: "THEY LIVE, BREATHE, AND EAT GOLD!"
Even the Arabs talked about how Japan was so rich "they had homes made out of gold"
@@NIDELLANEUM I have this book called The African Dream which describes many of the earliest European expeditions into the African continent.
Interestingly, most of the explorers hoped to find this advanced civilization with a city made entirely of gold (Timbuktu) that they would be able to trade with and become wealthy themselves. What followed were a series of disappointed arrivals at a dusty little slave post and not much civilization to speak of.
@@deathsheadknight2137 sounds like El Dorado but in Africa
@@NIDELLANEUM which is why I made such a generalized statement to begin with. It seems like a pattern to me.
@@deathsheadknight2137 Wrong time I supposed. The Mali empire were quite advance and wealthy.
Isn't this story where the term Kamikaze (wind of god) comes from? Surely he has to be making some of this stuff up! LOL!
It is origin of kamikaze, or 'divine wind.'
And yeah, some of it sounds like tales told by soldiers around the fire at night.
Cmon where's that ghost guy from tsushima?
Marco Polo: Yo, they be blingin
I like how the Mongols encountered some guys that couldn't be cut, then they just beat them to death with clubs.
That last part about the 8 who they couldn't cut because of stones under their skin..umm...what???
I must have missed something. The Mongols who took over the city, but then surrendered...didn't the narrator say they had to STAY in Japan??? So how could their
leader the Khan, back in Mongolia punish them for not behaving like soldiers??? DID they get back to Mongolia??? Can someone please enlighten me???
No it was the other soldiers under a different officer who ran away when the others were besieged who went back and were punished.
Armour under the skin was interesting
Bling, bling, bling (medieval stile).
It is true that Japan has a large deposit of gold, but gold isn't a boosting resource in modern society, manganese, zinc, and oil are more prevalent which Japan has zero.
Hey guys, it’s nichole
Aaaand its about the ghost of tsushima
There’s gold in them there islands
Macro Polo: Fellow countrymen, Did I mention Japan has plenty of *GOLD*?
Did I really say that? Hmm I dont remember.
Ooooooohhh gold oooh yea gold oh baby oh yea gold gold gold ooohhhhhhb yea
And this is what they make a video game about?
The video game is a lot more accurate, apart from its own PoV storyline, the invasion setting is accurate. imho
correct me if I'm wrong. so the Japanese emperor went after the stranded Mongols on the island to finish em off...but they had their ships hijacked??😂😅
So, in the last few lines of this, he mentioned the Japanese had surgically implanted stones under their skin to make them impervious to blade cuts? Uh WHAT?!
Stones under their skin?!?! Wtf
"Give me... stuff that totally happened for 1200, Alex."
That's how to spin a failed invasion. And Ol' Kublai chucked his generals under the bus. To take the blame.
Alexander the Great's perspective on buddhism
"...a great island it is. The people are white, civilized, and well favored."