The Battle of Chaeronea, 86 BC ⚔️ | First Mithridatic War
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- Опубліковано 23 лип 2024
- After the incredibly successful battle of River Amnias and conquest of Asia Minor, King Mithridates VI of Pontus felt unstoppable. But there was one Roman commander who decided to put a stop to Mithridates. Against all odds, as within Rome a hostile faction took control and outlawed him, Lucius Cornelius Sulla led his heavily outnumbered Roman army against Mithridates' generals at Chaeronea.
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Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
3:37 Athens and Greece
7:10 The Battle of Chaeronea
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The content of this video covers events, people or concepts via a lecture-style presentation that is educational and historical in nature. Every video is original content by House of History. The events relating to conflict in this video are portrayed in their historical context without either value judgment or an ideological message attached to it. There is no intent to shock, upset or disgust. The goal of my channel is to make interesting lecture-style videos, no more, no less.
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If you have any feedback, questions or criticism feel free to leave a comment. Your opinion truly aids me in improving the content of the channel! If you have a question, feel free to leave a comment and I will either write a reply, answer your question in a Q&A video, or make an entire video about it!
Sources:
Fox, Robin Lane. The classical world: An epic history of Greece and Rome. Penguin UK, 2006.
Kershaw, Stephen P. A Brief History of the Roman Empire. Hachette UK, 2013.
Levick, Barbara M. "Sulla's March on Rome in 88 BC." Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte H. 4 (1982): 503-508.
Mayor, Adrienne. The poison king. Princeton University Press, 2009.
Matyszak, Philip. The Enemies of Rome: From Hannibal to Attila the Hun. Thames & Hudson, 2013.
Matyszak, Philip. Mithridates the Great: Rome's indomitable enemy. Pen and Sword, 2009.
Matyszak, Philip. The Roman Empire. Oneworld Publications, 2014.
Singor, H. W., and F. G. Naerebout. Oudheid. Ambo| Anthos, 2011.
Written by House of History
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Photos, paintings and imagery: Public Domain, Wikicommons
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🔔 6:46 Obviously I mean 6000 legionnaires, and not 6000 legions. Oops.
Not even 6000 legions would've been able to stop the barbarian menace!
Haha, no problem. I actually took out my calculator and started computing the total because it sounded like a massive army, so I wanted to see the exact number! 😝
Hellenistic menace in this case - next week is about the 'Barbarian' menace!
I wish i could comprehend how small 6000 legions actually are tho. That seems VERY small indeed
Your reconstruction is better than Kings and Generals', whose battle map is wrong. I doubt the Roman line was so disjointed, though. The tactical reserves of Hortensius (and Galba...) were rather positioned behind the right and left wings, to avoid encirclement by the stronger Pontic cavalry. In your video, instead, they're on the inner side of Murena's left. Good work on a great but not so well know battle.
Dude I love the fact that you're doing lesser known battles.
Happy you think so! If there are any battles/wars you would like to know more about, do not hesitate to let me know. I cannot promise anything (as these videos take a long time to make) but I am always interested in learning.
This was well done for sure but its not so much lesser known as K&G has already done this one as well as the full Mithradates vi series. Its still much appreciated with a fresh look however
@@dariusghodsi2570 Kings and Generals just copy pastes text found in random web pagues and wikipedia. Nowadays King and Generals has very low quality.
I love the tactical maps that you are creating - you have got this down well
Indeed
Down Pat!
You're suppose to get it Down Pat.
Oh wow I am heading to Chaeronea just next week to look at the trophy erected by Sulla after this battle, perfect timing!
Enjoy your trip!
oh no it rains heavily do not die
@@HoH Thank you! And thanks for a great video
@@Turaga how was the trip? Did you give a salute and honor Fortune in memory of Sulla?
Sulla had perhaps the most badass epithet of all time:
" Be You Friend or Foe, all of my debts were repaid."
Sertorius occupying Spain begged to differ and Pompey highkey treated Sulla like an old man
Your channel is becoming better video after video, you are near the level of Kings&Generals and HistoryMarche, I wish you the best, I really enjoy your videos
Thank you for noticing the improvement in quality! It has been quite a ride to get to this point. I am happy so many people enjoy my work.
@@HoH you're welcome, trust me we are grateful to have the chance to enjoy history in a well-explained and illustrated manner, soon the 200K ^^
Excellent video. This series is putting your channel on par with the big history channels on UA-cam. This war is very interesting, and it hasn't been given much attention by other creators. Keep up the good work!
I remember reading Sulla's legion swore to him rather than Rome when he marched to it since the soldiers were just citizens who get their money from their general thus they are loyal to him while his officers (the veterans and aristocrats) left him to fight with Rome because they didn't want to raise their swords against Rome, and we can see why one of the reasons why Caesar was successful and his legions were loyal to him rather than Rome because of Marian's reforms.
Exactly. The Marian Reforms, paradoxically, worked against him. And yes, ironically only one of Sulla's officers stood by his side while the rest of them refused to fight against Rome.
That was the great flaw in the Roman Republic. It was the commanding general who was required to find the soldiers' retirement benefits from a successful campaign or war. Hence, soldiers owed their loyalty to the man who recruited them into the legions. This would not change until Caesar Augustus would put the Roman army firmly on a fully paid, professional basis with a post-service pension paid by the Empire. And for the Roman Republican soldier, retirement meant a land gift, not just money. This was increasingly difficult, as more and more land in Italy was being scooped up by various plutocrats into very large farming estates and thus unavailable.
It was this way for all Roman armies of the First Century BC. Pompey's legions owed loyalty to him, Caesar's legions, Sulla's legions, Marius's legions all the same. Hence the late Republic was one long gang war until Augustus finally put an end to it with the extermination of Marcus Antony and Cleopatra.
@@colinhunt4057would you say that this problem with the army didn't end until the lat Byzantine empire? The problem of the army being loyal to the commanding officer instead of the Empire.
@@sunofpeter2 The problem was largely alleviated by Augustus, Caesar's heir. Two things he did:
1. Legionaries were employees of the government, not the general who recruited them. Hence the state had to find their retirement funds.
2. Legionaries had much of their retirement provided by the legion bank, a savings method in which soldiers contributed some of their wages throughout their 20-year enlistment.
The real problem even by the time of Augustus was that citizen soldiers were staring to disappear. Plutocrats were taking over small peasant farms and collecting them into large slave-operated plantations. Small farms were the principal source of citizen soldiers, and they were disappearing. Rome always used mercenaries, particularly for archer, cavalry and skirmisher units. But by the 5th century AD, the citizen soldiers were gone, replaced entirely by mercenaries. By the time of the East Roman Empire, starting about the 6th century, the army was entirely mercenary professionals except for the relatively large local militia formations.
In short, economics destroyed the social basis for the Roman citizen armies of legions. this has happened many times in history. Changes in land ownership, trade and commerce, destroyed the manorial land holding system which provided mediaeval Europe with its knights and landed gentry, again largely replacing them with professional hirelings.
As soon as I heard that Sulla was in command of the Romans in this battle. I knew who would win. Nice video.
Man I just found your Chanel today and i can't stop watching, amazing work you've done.
Congratulations
You are making this videos so fast and good quality, I am loving your work
Just watched this battle video for the fifth time. To be concise, this should tell you something. Thank you and please continue.
An amazing work as always!
Thank you! Cheers!
Awesome video! Thank you!
Only just discovered this channel, but I'm glad I have - the quality is outstanding!
Happy to hear that Aiden, welcome aboard!
Interesting period for Anatolia. These were basically native Anatolian kingdoms, heavily influenced by Greek culture and Iranian languages to a lesser extent, but the common people were speaking their own native tongue. The rulers of this specific kingdom had western Iranian names and claimed descent from Achaemenids.
After these series of battles with Rome, they lost their independence forever, to Romans then to the Turks, and worse most got assimilated and forgot their identities.
Today, Kurds and Armenians are the largest groups remaining (although Armenians are completely displaced from Anatolia), a few smaller groups collectively called Assyrians or Syriacs have survived too, mainly through adopting Christianity and Aramaec languages.
Thanks for the work
Excellent historical video in clearly explained in ( tactical maps)of military mobilizes of both sides 👏 👍 👌..
When I first found your Channel I thought it must be one of the biggest History Channels on UA-cam based on your content and quality. Hang in there. You're going to see very good growth.
Thank you, I appreciate it!
@@HoH no, I appreciate you.
Archelaus should have kept some of his cavalry in reserve, and divided it. Half to flank Roman right and another half to pin Sulla down.
What a battle!! Makes us Italians so proud to listen to stories of Roman grit and power!
How do you pronounce Sulla in your native tongue? How do you think it sounded in Latin? Do you see Italy as a kinda of melting pot of blood lines? Since you had so many pre Roman tribes, then the infusion of Normans, Lombards, VaNorman's, and Goths. I am an American with mixed lineage, here people put alot of emphasis on their families country of origin. I live where most identify as German or Mexican. Is it the same there? I think even though people from the US especially those of European decent who hold to their families nationality as a cultural identity they have very little in common with the people of those nations today.
I love Roman history, it is so rich, complex, and romantic in a way. They were so honorable, brave and a collective spirit, and yet corrupt, cruel, selfish, and domineering. Sulla being a good example of that. Him and the Emperor Julian are my favorite figures, I also admire those who fought against Rome, Vercingetorix, the Bacars, and Pyhrus.
Thank you, Sulla’s campaigns are my favourites. Can you do Social War?
Would you consider doing some battles from the American Civil War? Maybe the Robert e Lee and stonewall Jackson combination, or Sherman's March to the sea? Awesome video man. This is a prime example of quality over quantity. What a turnaround.
Absolutely! In fact, I am working on that right now.
oh boy here we go
Excellent work Gentlemen
It was epic!!!!!! Can you please make battle of nineveh...pleaseeee
Its crazy how many times Rhodes repelled seige. It wasn't until Brutus and Cassius that the Rhodians finally submitted for good. They had about 500 years of mostly independence before that.
Thank you for the devotion to history. What happened after the 80 thousand man army was raised?
You will find out in two weeks 😉
@@HoH You have my attention, sir.
8:25 History really has a way of rhyming, isn't it?
First it was a greek that showed persians a way through mountains. This time it was several greeks that showed the romans a way through mountains.
**saves to watch later** 🙏🏾😍
Very well done! Excited for this series to mature. Since youve asked for suggestions on what wed like to see, let me tell you. . Iranians and their thousand year classical empire have been used as everyone's veritable history punching bag on every single one of these battle channels and practically never given a positive spotlight or fair analysis of the prestige and power they weilded. Youd would be tapping into a HUGE and very neglected market if you were so much as showcase a single Iranian victory during their long and proud classical reign.
Any wars/battles/rulers in particular you are thinking of?
@@HoH u could make a video on the Battle of Hormozdgan When the Sassanid seized power from the parthians
When they show the war map, I had no idea the celts were germanic, I always thought they were more In the middle top of France almost by Belgium
Great vids !
However could you please speicfy when conflicting sources are being used ?
Especially with armies or losses numbers, those are famously non-reliable
Many times throughout history would Rome meet existential crisis and many times they survived. But to think of the alternatives histories that could've resulted from an early Roman exit/subjugation is exciting. Imagine a Hellenistic world reconquered by Mithridates
Quality 🤌🏽🤌🏽
Greetings from Philippines
Wow, scale of Mithridates manpower was enormous.
your Chaerona ? no mr. enemy.. its My Chaerona !!
Perhaps Battle of the Sabis? Belgae vs Romans
Could u make a video about the conflict between Hawaii and the colonial US
0:30 top 10 oof moments in history
The Age of Hellenism is over. The time of the Romans has come.
The Golden Age of Hellenism deteriorated after the death of Alexander the Great.
I like how you say Aegean, makes me think of Game of Thrones
Conclusion, don't mess with the 'red squares'! 'Red Squares' always win! Lol 😂
Rom, du warst so groß!
Rhodes has always been a tough conquer.
6:44 "small Roman contingent, no more than six thousand legions"
yo these Romans be fielding minor units twice the size of the Wehrmacht XD
Woah, Hortensius,,, that Quintus Hortensius? Cicero's frienemy? Man I shoul read his backstory, Idk if that famous orator was also a commander in field. Please correct me if this is not the same Hortensius, but by seeing the time of this battle, it's mostlikely him :)
He's not the famous orator, just a relative.
@@gf6110 I think it's possible since the Romans used to have identical names... but r u sure? Since the last time I check it, a roman politician must first serve in the military before having his cursus honorum (remembering Quintus Hortensius Hortalus was made Council, the number one man in the Republic)
@@SManji-yx8hx The officier here is Lucius Hortensius, not Quintus Hortensius (the Orator).
@@SManji-yx8hx The first step of the cursus honorum were 10 years of military service, first as an equites, then as a military tribune (tribunus laticlavius, there were six for legion).
It seems surprising, IE during the civil wars, to see people known to be orators, senators, ecc... suddenly raising an army and becoming generals, but at that time a Roman politician was supposed to be a military commander.
Have you considered the battles of the Penisular War between England, Spain and the French forces?
Hmmmm, new haircut and threads. I'm thinking either job interview or court case.
✌😄😄✌ just kidding.
Haha it was my birthday two weeks ago and it was a present from my girlfriend!
08:39
Sorry, mate, but it goes "if this *were* true."
yer
Chariots were nerfed
Never trust roman numbers when there is a battle in question.
6000 legions near the Aegeian see. That's 30 million soldiers.
*legionnaires. My mistake.
Yeah and? 30million soldiers in 80 BCE is realistic! Just 1/3 of the entire population xD
@@bosanski_Cevap Actually no it's not realistic. The population can't just be shoved into the army in such numbers.
@@IronWarrior86 Come on. He made an obvious joke.
@@IronWarrior86 that was sarcasm.
Even total mobilisation would represente maximal ~15% of the population.
🤔👍👍
So archelaus was fighting some what like alexander
Poor man's Alexander
Age-E-an
Archelaos cavalry could attack the Roman infantry from behind instead of retreat. Amateurs!
Thank you for sharing with me this video. Here is a very positive promise...
The Bible foretells a time when peace will be achieved not through mankind. Psalm 46:9 says regarding the Creator, Jehovah God:
“He is making wars to cease to the extremity of the earth.”
Jehovah God will accomplish true peace by means of his Kingdom, for which many sincere people have repeatedly prayed Matthew 6:9, 10:
"Our Father in the heavens, let your name be sanctified. Let your Kingdom come. Let your will take place, as in heaven, also on earth."
His Kingdom is not an elusive condition of the heart; it is a real government through which God will establish peace from one end of the earth to the other. The inspired prophet Isaiah foretold that subjects of that government will not “learn war anymore.” (Isaiah 2:4) By means of a worldwide educational program, people will learn to live in peace and thus “beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning shears.”
TWO THOUSANDTH VIEWER
nn
ROMAN VICTORY