Charles Martel: The Battle of Tours, 732 AD ⚔️
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- Опубліковано 17 тра 2024
- The Battle of Tours was a significant military conflict that occurred in 732 near the city of Tours, in modern-day France. Charles Martel, the leader of the Frankish army, was pitted against the Islamic forces of the Umayyad Caliphate, who had recently conquered Spain and sought to expand their territory into Europe.
This battle was a turning point in European history, with the outcome having far-reaching consequences. It ensured the survival of Christianity in Western Europe and stopped the Islamic armies from advancing further into the continent. The historical significance of this clash between two great armies cannot be overstated, and it remains a fascinating topic of study to this day.
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🧾 Chapters:
0:00 Introduction
0:05 The Umayyads invade Iberia
9:16 The Battle of Tours, 732 AD
14:43 Aftermath
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@House of History I have been following your channel for a while now as i appreciate your attention to detail and was more than willing to dwelve into prussian history, however i didnt expect at all this sudden turn of events so to say and you switching to a much different era and subject with Charles Martel. My grandma's family name wich i use as common name is "Martheleur", descendant of one of the many bastard sons Charles Martel had as any king, that was lucky enough to be recognized and given a derivate name, title and a bit of land in the flanders region. Once again, you didnt miss anything about the larger context and appropriate explanations. The frankish army was slow back then and mainly consisted of heavy infantry while the Umayyads relied on expert light cavalry; their whole army was generally speaking much more mobile than the frankish pone, therefore a lot of actions where conducted to slow down their progression as much as possible to give the multiple slow frankish troops coming from different parts of the realm enough time to gather. As you pointed out, it is now considered after several debates that the ratio was indeed somewhere along 2 to 1 in favour of the Umayyads that day, however the terrain was favorable to the franks and denied the Umayyads a lot of their mobility, therefore allowing the frankish heavy cavalry to make contact with the ennemy for the first time. Before that battle, the frankish cavalry had been thouroughly destroyed in a few skirmishes by the much more mobile Umayyads. Well done sir, I had chills just like when i was a kid. Very enjoyable content as usual, keep up your high quality work with the support of the community !
Also appreciate the fact that you mentionned the casualties are widely exagerated, wich is entirely true. The frankish army would have never been able to catch up the Umayyads even while they were in retreat after they got the upper hand, both because of heavier armor but also fatigue. The battle was used as propaganda to cement Charles Martel's power and reputation as a legit king has as he had stolen the throne and wasnt meant to rule originally.
Last but not least, it is not certain a loss at Tours would have made the frankish kingdom crumble entirely unless Charles died himself, wich would have likely cause civil war. A larger frankish army was already gathering in the north when the battle of Tours took place and several troops didnt have enough time to reach the battlefield that day even though a lot of efforts were made to slow down the ennemy and gather as many men as possible. It is debatable, but i tend to believe as i just stated that unless Charles died in battle, the kindgom wouldnt fall after a defeat at Tours. It would have been a serious blow for sure but not a killing one in my opinion depending on the circumstances and aftermath. The frankish army had no possibility to flee the battlefield just like they couldnt catch up with their ennemy, therefore they were willing to stand their ground. A total destruction of the frankish army entranched in the woods that day would have been very costly for the Umayyads.
death of stalenist Voronin from the hands of UPA
YES! Early medieval history is so underrepresented, like it's weird how so many people know about the Reconquista but most don't know about Asturias or Pamplona
It’s a difficult era to study because the written sources are rare, literacy collapsed and economic activity shrunk
After the fall of Rome, Western Europe went through a terrible crisis for centuries, recovery began from the 10 th as Viking and Magyar invasion ceased and the Muslim pressure was contained
@@guzy1971 yes. There still are some accounts about the time tho. Not as much as during later times but still enough for some key events to be described, such as the first battle of the kingdom of Asturias and the invasion of the basque lands made by the franks
@@guzy1971 You're going off an outdated view of history. Western Europe was going through a terrible crisis long before Rome fell. Recovery began with Charlemagne, before the Vikings were even active.
@@LordVader1094 thanks for your comment
I simplified of course
The collapse of Rome was a process, 476 bc is just a symbolic date
The Carolingian Renaissance was a temporary recovery
The viking and Magyar invasions began then, Caroligian state failed to stabilize
The royal power get fragmented into multiples local powers creating feudalism
But at the end of the 10h century the situation began to stabilize : creation of a Christian Magyar kingdom, end of the Viking raids Drang nach Osten of the Germans containment of muslims
It was then possible to build something in the long run
@@guzy1971 they learned a lot from the Muslims as well, one of the catalysts for the renaissance was the Norman’s conquering Sicily from the Arabs
Huge fan of the Old Franks, this battle was epic!
It was depressing!
This might be the most important battle won in European history. If he didn't win, we might not have had the great Charlemagne as Frankish Emperor (what I believe to be the most influencal Man in early Medieval history)
If he didn't win, we European would speak arabic and be muslim now.
This battle is the most important in the whole Europe history
@@Catholichnikov😂
Battle Of Poitiers is actually the right name . By his victory Charles Matel saved Latin and German worlds from Muslim conquest
why did europe capitulate to christianity, which had origin in the east
Didn’t save! He deprived them!
And it’s Battle of Tours!
Charles Martel is my hero
A true Christian
I was surprised to see the Duchy of Bavaria on this map. Turns out. It has been a duchy as early as 555 AD. Incredible that it was around so long.
Not just a simple duchy, but also one of the most powerful and populated lands of Early Medieval Europe.
During the war against the Magyars, they managed to raise an army of 60.000, the majority of which were Bavarian. By far the greatest army of the entire Dark Ages.
@@rotciv1492 Eastern Roman Empire: 🤨
@@stephenkenney8290 eastern Roman empire fell off a cliff after justinian ran the empire into the ground for a stupid dream
@@Chadius_Thundercock Yup, yet it still remained one of the most, and at times THE most, powerful nation in Europe for much of the Middle Ages.
@@rotciv1492 Umayyads Literally raised more men for the siege of Constantinople and there’s no way Bavaria raised 60,000 men for one campaign when neither the Sassanid or Eastern Roman Empires at their height raised that many men for a field campaign
Thanks for your video. In France we always used to call this battle "Battle of Poitiers" , not "Battle of Tours"
Enfin qui connaît cette bataille aujourd’hui ?
Elle n’a plus aucun sens dans l’esprit des Français mais pas dans les autres esprits.
@@Diegomax22 c'est pas parce qu'elle n'est pas enseignée à l'école qu'elle n'a pas de sens. Quand on s'intéresse à l'histoire de France et de l'Europe, cette bataille a une place primordiale. Comme celle de Bouvines en 1214 ou celle de Castillon en 1453 (meme année que la chute de Constantinople). Hastings 1066 aussi dans une certaine mesure... des batailles peu connues du grand public français mais pourtant pivot dans l'histoire de France.
Vous êtes sûr que ce n’est plus enseigné ? Je pense que ce n’est pas vrai même si j’admets qu’on doit y passer moins de temps ou qu’on en minore l’importance dans le contexte idéologique actuel
Well you were wrong!
What an awesome suprise, not hint that this video would be made. Such an amazing time, thank you sir for the hard work what a great stream
Fun fact: In France, we call it the Battle of Poitiers (100 km south west of Tours)
? how many battles of poitiers are there? lol
@@rickmorgan1441 well I only heard about one !
@@thibs2837 1356
@@thibs2837il y a aussi celle de la guerre de cent ans
@@rickmorgan1441there is one we like to remember and one we don’t like 😁
I must say, I absolutely love the detailed maps you use. They’re seriously next level. Thank you for your work
Excellent work as always!
I haven't caught one of your episodes in a while; enjoyed every one previous immensely. This one showed up on my new phone's UA-cam crawl... Spectacular. Your production quality and well-spoken, in-depth explanations of these critical events has grown in excellence, warms my heart & awakens my deeper understanding. Couldn't ask any more from an excellent history teacher. MegaGratsies!!
Nice documentary on the Battle of Tours. The Europeans fought the Muslim invaders for centuries, and the Slavic peoples defended Eastern Europe during Islamic attacks. Also, the two battles for Vienna are fascinating.
A documentary I saw claimed a major factor in Charles victory was disguised Frankish troops ran through the enemy camp, screaming that they'd been defeated. This led to a chaotic retreat.
The carolingian Empire of Charlemagne also laid the foundations of the Kingdom of France, not only the HRE.
Most defeats in battles were result of someone panicking and retreating, hold your ground men! It’s crazy because if they didn’t retreat Abd Al rahman might’ve actually won, but well played Odo he doesn’t get enough credit for this.
Unity is a Decisive factor in most wars. One that is more Cohesive/United, outlasts the other. Recovering from setbacks and implementing Complex maneuvers/tactics are also made possible by unity factor
Same could be said about the Muslim conquest of Spain. During the Battle of Guadalete, rivals of the Visigothic king fled the battlefield, allowing the Muslims to overwhelm the remaining Visigothic troops.
@@EmisoraRadioPatio I watched that battle sources claim 3 reasons on why they fled 1: it’s because Tariq(the Umayyad general) led a charge and smashed through the infantry which caused the flanks break and flee 2: the flanks betrayed Roderic and left him there 3: Roderic’s crown was knocked down so they thought his soldiers thought he was gone and they retreated. Am not sure which one to believe but we can safely say that the Visigoths didn’t retreat for no reason at all like the Idiot Umayyads in this battle especially because they were actually winning this battle
@@MJ511KW From the summary of the battle of Tours, Umayyad troops were confused when they saw Odo's troops behind them. That would give the apprehension that they're being outflanked. It's not surprised they would panic. It's quite frightening to all of the sudden see your enemies behind you.
@@EmisoraRadioPatio not that’s not entirely true the Umayyads were greedy they wanted to save their loot while they should send the reserves to deal with odo instead all of them broke and went after odo and they left their leader Rahman alone. Hell they could’ve even ignored odo and left him to ravage their camps and focused on Charles because once they destroyed Charles then it’s done France is under their control, but yeah it was a brain lapse moment for the moors in this battle and yes some of them panicked when they shouldn’t
Great video as always!
This is absolutely excellent work .
Much better than the other one, really enjoyed it. Thanx
Strange how much this period affects us even today! 👍
Thanks ! I`m not very familiar with this time-period in history, this was great to watch.
you deserve way more subs bro. keep it up!
Nice documentary... thank you. Hope you continue. 🙂
Probably the best presentation I've seen on the battle of Tours and the events leading up to it.
Please more videos! I love these
Excellent summary!
Great and informative work as always!
What a wonderful video!
Thanks for sharing
I really enjoy your videos especially those on the Prussian wars. Would you ever do a series or Video on Louis XIV's wars against William III of Orange? Dutch war, 9 Years war, etc Their rivalry and antagonism was one of Modern histories greatest. As an Irishman of mixed Protestant and catholic heritage William III is a figure of both loving and loathing to different communities.
That's a very good suggestion. I am not sure when, if I will cover it. I am currently working on a series about the Hungarian revolution of 1848 and the German wars of unification.
@@HoH The 9 Years War in particular is very rarely mentioned, despite how it covered most of western Europe and beyond. Very underrated war.
Very interesting. Thanks 👍
I knew about the Charles Martel's victory in Poitiers. But didn't knew what had happened before and after.
The reconquest of the iberian peninsula was another epic history.
Rodrigo was deserted by half his army (Witiza's brothers) in the middle of the battle, which was not by the Guadalete River but by the lagoon of Janda.
Galicia was part of the Visigothic kingdom, I don't know why it appears as a separate entity on the map.
It was semi-independent, visigothic princes learnt how to govern in the recent conquered kingdom
Thanks for This video
nicely done thank you
Very happy to see some of those battles finally getting some attention on the Anglo-Saxon YT.
Great job Ty's
That was great! Can you do some crusader battles such as Jacobs Ford, Field of Blood, Dorylaeum, etc?
Thanks for this amazing video. Have you already made a video about the Battle of Alesia?
This man only makes bangers
Thank you so much for sharing history about my ancestor.
New to the channel and thanks for the vid! My favorite battle of Tours video was from BazBattles, which was made 6 years ago. Glad to see someone show love to this time period.
Thank for info
Great job.
The map following the moves of Tariq in the Iberian peninsula at the start was incredibly inaccurate. The signaled river is not the Guadalete, but the Guadiana. The battle was much more south, in what is actually the province of Cadiz. Tariq landed in Gibraltar (Yabal Tariq or Tariq's mount), not in Almería. The narrative also seams to merge the figures of Tarif and Tariq. Very poorly researched in that aspect, but cool graphics, hope it will improve.
This great battle probably saved Western Europe from Arabic colonisation ( well except Spain) spain and portugal were already colonised. We Europeans owe Charles a great debt.
@@azizahmad9055 shut up momin
The Muslims who fought in the battle were not Arabs, but most of them were currently Moroccans
Sur
What makes you think it was a good thing to remain barbaric
@@lavozdelsur168You think Islam equates to civilized? You’re nuts.
Thanks!
Well done sir
amazing art work
My mother thought she was 100% Portuguese she was born there. She did that 23 and me thing. She ended up being 30% North African I guess it makes more sense than I thought.
Just wanted to comment to say thank you. Your videos are amazing. Thanks for consistently brightening up my day. It means a lot
Nice job
Islam had reached it extend by the sword and by the sword Charles Martel ended islamisation of northern Europe.
I've always said this would make a great movie.
Thank you
Would love to see a series on Charlemegne
He was my 37th great grandfather.
Philippe Jean Kogler, You → Denise Kogler, your mother → Marcelle Helene Marchoux, her mother → Jean Texier, her father → Jean Texier, his father → Pierre Texier, his father →
Marquis Etienne Texier de Javerlhac, his father → Marquis Etienne-Marie Texier de Javerlhac, his father → Marquis Pierre-Francois-Marie Texier de Javerlhac, his father →
Marquis Henri-Bernard Texier de Javerlhac, his father → Marquis Bernard Texier de Javerlhac, his father → Comte Jean-Francois Texier de Javerlhac, his father → Henri de Texier,
his father → Francois de Texier, Seigneur du Breuil, his father → Catherine de Texier, his mother → Baron Raymond de Lambertye de Montbrun, her father → Seigneur François De Lambertie,
his father → Jean De Lambertie, his parent → Catherine De Lambertie, his mother → Allemande de Gontaut Biron, her mother → Gaston de Gontaut, IV, her father → Pierre De Gontaut Biron, his father → Gaston de Gontaut Biron, III, his father → Marguerite Marqueze de Lomagne, his mother → Obrie de L'Isle-Jourdain, her mother → Bernard Jourdain de L'Isle-Jourdain, Comte de L'Isle-Jourdain & de Dunes, her father → Bernard I de L'Isle-Jourdain, his father → Jourdain I de Lisle, his father → Raymond I de Lisle, his father → Emma Taillefer, his mother →
Guillaume III Taillefer, comte de Toulouse, her father → Adélaïde la Blanche d'Anjou, Reine consort d'Aquitaine, his mother → Fulk II, Count of Anjou, her father → Fulko I "Le Rouge", Comte de Anjou, his father → Ingelger, count of Anjou, his father → Petronelle d'Auxerre de Gâtinais, Comtesse de Anjou, his mother → Hugo, Archchancellor of the Empire, her father →
Charlemagne, Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, his father → Pippin der Jüngere, his father → Karl "der Hammer" Martell, his father
All dead and in Jahanam inchallah
Most wonderful introduction and informative episode about Charles Martel King and his successful strategies repulsed of Amayyed invasions of South of France 🇫🇷 and Dutch territories...thank you (a house 🏠 of history )channel
I really enjoyed that take
VERY VERY good production!!
Their tour was surely cut short.
I'm so glad that I'm not a Muslim today. Thank you Charles Martel.
Yes it wouldn't be the same for women in Europe
Human perceptions are shaped by one's society and the villification of the other. Couple centuries ago Europe hated atheism, today they hate Organized Religion. Perceptions change with time and with societal experiences.
Each society has its own experiences that makes its perception. But perception isnt always based on Truth.
@@blaiseragon8142 Muslim women choose Modesty of their own volition to please God, just like Nuns do.
Infact all humanity practiced similar modesty to what Muslim women do today.
It is only the Modernity and rejection of Religion, God and Morality/Modesty that women like not to cover themselves today.
@@muhammadadeel8639 germany needed to win some decades ago
@@dasitmane7590 Wasnt Hitler also Atheist? Europe would still probably be atheist had he won
very nicely done! (just unsure if Burgundy have anything to do there in invasion narrative...)
Waaaaw u really know the hearts of people u did a great job reading there hearts and what that were thinking
The insanity of people as a collective is clearly demonstrated in the beginning of this video. Lack of cooperation, internal strife, wrongbpriotities, and lack of care for one another are fundamental shortcoming of mankind till this day.
I'm very happy to see that people are finally becoming aware that Galicia, not Asturias and expecially not Vizcaya was the only part of Iberia that as far as we know was never fully (if at all) occupied.
While the reconquista undoubtedly began in Asturias, Asturias was indeed, briefly occupied for two years before Pelayo rebelled and established the Kingdom of Asturias.
Asturias only incorporated Galicia in 736, but this doesn't mean Galicia was occupied by the Moors before,
Most online maps show Galicia as being occupied, because they assume everything that was not Asturias was necessarily under Ummayad occupation. This is a very simplistic view of history, in reality there were not two clear sides with a fixed frontline, most people everywhere were basically autonomous and self-sustaining, especially in the border regions, and this is most likely the case with Galicians.
Considering the political and geographical isolation of the area, the average peasant probably didn't even know the Kingdom of the Visigoths had collapsed until the Alfonso III incorporated the area into his domain.
Would love to see video on Spartacus!
I'm pretty sure that Al Gaffiqi invaded Aquitaine via Pamplona and not Narbonne, also the border was not "at the Pyrenees": Narbonne was part of the Visigothic Kingdom, while Pamplona was not.
0:30 AND?? Belgium is literally what the heart of the Franks was, and Martel was born there...
Some detail: al Ghafighi decided to launch due to the impending cold wet weather. His calvary mounts charged up to the plain where the Hammer was and fell due to being too exhausted.
Great video!
Now let's go onward to Frederick's continued campaign!
And now they’re back
Would have been interested to know what armaments the two sides fielded at the time. As the Franks were renowned for their throwing axes named after them Franziska (also a popular female name in the Frankish parts of Germany to this day). You spoke of a phalanx like formation used by them, so I guess they used predominantly spears and kite shields? Or did they adapt to the amount of horsemen fielded by their enemies and used lances on foot? Were stirrups already implemented by the Muslim horsemen at that point in time?
French 🇫🇷💪
As always good job !
Just about the prounonciation of the City of "Nîmes", it is said like in "denim" (the blue jeans).
Actually, it's pronounced [neem].
Frontal assault against prepared position, never a good idea.
Unless they made the effort to flank, which they didn't.
It sometimes worked like at Hastings and Somosierra.
@@markgarrett3647 At Hastings, the Normans feigned retreat, which drew out the enemy from their entrenched position, so no, frontal assault did not work at Hastings.
@@ElBandito The Norman counterattack at Hastings is technically still a frontal attack though.
@@markgarrett3647 But not against a prepared position, since the defenders were drawn out during the counter-attack. hence why hastings does not count.
This was one of Major-General J.F.C. Fuller's "Decisive Battles of the Western World".
Certainly history would have been different if the Franks had lost.
Thanks for the video.
Yeah...s*x sl*very of your women, pedophilia, necrophilia, etc. Thank the Franks :)
I would like to see a tutorial about how you do a video like this
Favourite history channel 😊
Narrators voice is nice to listen
Animations are good
That day the world was saved and not just Europe by defeating the Muslims.
Imagine how Europe would have been today as an islamic continent.
We would forever be in debt to Charles Martel
What software is used to make these animations?
well done
Um dos maiores supererois de todos os tempos,esse Martel! Charles Magno,com seus exercitos carniceiros,sua politica de terra arrasada,que dizer??BRAVO POVE FRANCO!!!
The Muslims had no idea what they were up against here, the first truly professional European army since the fall of Rome. These Franks were tremendously experienced and drilled.
can make a video about the death of stalenist Voronin from the hands of UPA ?
Dutch fellow! YOU ARE CRUSHING THIS! Great topic, great history, keep it up! Seriously, good show- I will eventually send you money I'm sure.
You are really stepping up your game-
Looking at the map....its absolutely amazing that what was once Celtic was relegated to Brittany!
Charles The Hammer.
Awesome nickname.
Look bro you just hate Muslims ok 👍
Absolutely!! Along with Vlad The Impaler!! The two best ones!!
This battle resembles one of the biggest what ifs in history
We're all waiting for the next chapter in the Frederick the Great saga.
If I want to learn about Charles Martel I'll go to the liquor store.
The Moors did NOT conquer all of the peninsula. Under the leadership of PELAYO at the battle of COVADONGA in 718 A.D., the Muslims were defeated and never able to occupy Asturias. This was the beginning of the glorious RECONQUISTA. ¡Viva España!
Sensacional.
imagine a Fractured province of Franks havign to face the entirety of Arab colonised Spain despite overwhelming numbers Frankis discipline stood. This is what happens when you face soldiers against raiders more used to pillaging and looting.
That "Fractured province of Franks" was not a pity kingdom. Both Charles Martel and Odo had well experienced army while Umayyad governer didn't have a proper Umayyad army like the ones were operating in Anatolia, Caucasus, Central Asia and India.
So the raiders are traders or something?
"Raiders" couldn't have ruled spain for 800 years.
They were definitively "Soldiers" invading Europe.
Only the muslim and far left saying they were "raiders"
where ressources ?
Thank you for the video. I am a zealous Christian descended from Charles Martel. I have a significant amount of Frankish ancestry..
5:50 these plopping sounds are quite a bit too loud compared to your narration. A very good video though!
wish topic : what was between this and the end of Rome : the Merovingians
I love the video and your content in general but i found this one a bit one sided. What with the thesis that the battle was just a raid by the arabs and not a huge turnaround? Especially because it was only immortalized as a side-note by writers of the time! As I said, I would have liked a little more criticism of today's version but thanks anyways for yout great content❤!
I would think the casualty rate would have to be higher than 5% to have both forces abandon the fight. Especially at a time when armies frequently fought to the last man. If the Umayyad army got off that light that may have retreated but would have recovered and re-asserted their invasion.
Charles the Hammer got so much credit in an oversimplified view of the overall campaign, but we owe more credit to Odo. The resolve and quick thinking of that man probably saved his people and the rest of France from Islamic subjugation.
Odo is a real one