The script for the video was researched and written by Chronology Cast. Check out his channel if you want to see more fun historical videos: www.youtube.com/@ChronologyCast
There’s a reason Mexico was often called “La Dictadura Perfecta” (perfect dictatorship) as most of this stuff was unknown to the outside world as the PRI branded Mexico’s image as a prospering democratic state when underneath the facade was a state long abused by various forces both internal and external and the PRI is to blame for many of its problems today as well as foreign intervention. It’s still crazy how the nation branded as a democracy back in 1917 didn’t really have its own “true” democratic elections until 2000 with the ousting of the PRI. Mexico has never really gotten a break throughout its history
Oh its always been a rough shit hole. Just like current times with the cartels, back then any of these various groups were seen as heroes to the various populous.
Also interesting is Mexico's ambiguous ideological position. It was a revolution before Russia where left wing American went to gawp the ashed of reactionary Porfirismo. A kind of Peronism avant la lettre. In the 30s Mexico angered Britain and was sanctioned by it over oil nationalisation. It gave succour to left wing exiles from the Spanish civil war. It was a safe haven for pre-communist Castro. But then ended up on the same page as Videla's or Pinochet's regime. Most strange.
@@forthrightgambitia1032 a similar thing happened in Ethiopia, the derg a communist regime took over than was later opposed and eventually defeated by the tplf which was also a leftist organization. I think because revolution and fighting against the government is more a doctrine of far left politics than the right, there’s not really much of a tradition or doctrine of right wing insurgencies, therefore when youth grow angry at the government they usually gravitate towards leftist revolutionary movements
As someone who grew up in the 2000s México, it is sad how schools barely touch on this stuff, it just brushed as oopsies by the government and barely touched on. Thank you for putting this video out there, feels a bit like current times
Si, realmente es difícil encontrar algo respecto a este tema en los libros de historia que te daban en las escuelas. La mayoría son de libros que eran distribuidos por la SEP (Y evidentemente tienen su censura) y ni hablar de los medios que casi nunca tocan estos temas y cuando lo hacen omiten detalles
@@mrkeykush693 es triste pero todos hemos escuchado que "quien no conoce su historia está condenado a repetirla" y la historia de México vaya que se repite. Muchos historiadores mexicanos han documendo muy bien la mayoría de nuestra historia moderna, lástima que sus trabajos son poco difundidos.
My grandpa was a competition shooter and was friends with Lucio Cabañas' personal gunsmith. When cabañas was killed, his gunsmith gave my grandpa Lucio's personal rifle for safe keeping while he went into hiding. From what my grandpa told me, it was a highly modified hunting rifle rebored to take higher caliber military exclusive rounds. When my grandpa found out the gunsmith had been captured, tortured and killed, he buried the rifle in a ditch.
@@gallo4796 You shouldn't accuse someone of "lies" and make false assumptions based on limited knowledge. Soldiers in wars do not carry their rifle around 24/7, especially not guerrillas who often need to blend into the civilian population. Cabañas could have had more than one rifle and there are conflicting accounts of his death.
The dirty war is often thought to initiate with the aftermath of the 1968 massacre but there had actually already been some important movements pre-1960s that were met with brutal oppression. There was a major a railroad worker movement/strike in the 50s that partially paralyzed the nation and was of course beaten down by the government. The rail workers would again be an important part of the movements of 1968. There were also the Jaramillistas in the state of Morelos led by Ruben Jaramillo, a former commander under Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. The Jaramillistas fought in favor of land reform and campesino rights. Ruben Jaramillo in fact was a big advocate of the Lazaro Cardenas administration and originally sought to work within the post-revolutionary political framework. It was with subsequent administrations that Jaramillo decided to take up arms as the conditions of the rural class became less and less of a concern for the elite.
Also important to note, in the prelude to all of this, the Mexican government ordered the assassinations of people the government feared could pose a threat. People like Pancho Villia in addition to the killings of lesser known generals. In my fathers hometown, after the revolution a general made a homestead of sorts and brought along his soldiers, then sometime later he was assassinated by his cheaufer
Thank you for covering this. This is part of the cold war hardly anyone knows about aside from outside of Mexico. As my mom who lived in this era, she was born in San Luis Potosi in 1957. This is fairly unknown outside of Mexico and thank you for covering it.
C.20 Mexican history in general is fascinating and sadly unknown abroad. From the Revolución and the Cristiada, to the Dirty War and the Lost Decade, it stands out even among its Latin American counterparts, which is saying a lot.
The fact that Mexico was basically the only country to refuse to even prosecute any of the politicians or military commanders who were involved and Chile and Argentina did says a lot about how our government is like
My father was one of those who were disappeared only 3 months after I was born in ‘73. He had been at that Tlatelolco protest in ‘68 and had to leave Mexico City and go into hiding. The rest is history.
I personally think (as a Mexican) that this chapter is often overlooked because the PRI's regime never fully embraced authoritarianism in the way the dictatorships of Chile, Brazil and Argentina did. They were able to just simply be quiet. The term "perfect dictatorship" was coined by a Peruvian analyst in the early 90's to describe Mexico. It took us all the way to 2000 to have a true, free and fair democratic transition of power.
People escaping from fascist dictatorships In Spain and Latin America were living safely In México, and they were very puzzled when they met a family member of a méxican guerrillero. "Is your father a guerrilla fighter In México?! How Is that possible?"
I have a friend of the College that made his thesis about a group allied with the League, how they had to change their operations and finally how they ended up being looked at as gang members by their own neighbors, Los vikingos were they
As much as the Dirty War still continues in Southern Mexico against indigenous groups, its pretty much just an extension of the same oppression that existed all the way back to colonial Mexico's founding. The names, titles, and structures might have changed periodically over the years, but the heavy handed control by a minority of those in power and the wealthy is a consistent attribute of Mexican (and pretty much all of Latin American) politics.
yes, i've come from the Tehuantepec Isthmus zone, and i still having lively viviencies about soldiers doing raids for capture "Zapatistas" in late 90's early 2000. Now the boogiemans are Centeramericans crossing to USA that many times Mexican Army delivers them to Narcos.
Down in Loxicha they're still living under absolute martial law, and anywhere outside of Central Oaxaca is ringed by Army and Navy checkpoints. It's still sadly very true, especially after the massacres at the 2006 Commune and the 2016 Nochixtlán massacre
@@detleffleischer9418 last time I was in Oaxaca was 2005, lots of military checkpoints but I thought that was just the norm . I often visited huajuapan.
Es bueno ver que se haga un análisis en inglés, aquí en UA-cam, de ese periodo tan oscuro en México. La Guerra Sucia en México es un tema bastante desconocido en el ámbito internacional.
I'm Mexican and it is even more curious the ambiguous ideological position of the PRI. Initially created as a center-left party and founded by former revolutionaries, the PRI even joined the Socialist International but in the 1990's declared itself as neo-liberal. Two of the most infamous PRI Presidents, Luis Echeverría and Jose Lopez Portillo, were closer to the Socialism than to Capitalism and tried to establish a Welfare State with rural support, but at the same time were the worst enemies of the guerrillas in Guerrero. Even more, they were always supported by the US government and the CIA. As Dali would recall later, Mexico is the most surrealist country in the world. Nowadays, our President Lopez Obrador argues to be in the "nationalist revolutionary" left-wing but he has actual conservative positions and his cabinet is formed by former PRI's dinosaurs.
Social democracy/ welfare states exist precisely as a bribe to workers in order to stop actual socialist policies, now that the USSR is gone there is no pressure to make such bribes, thus life is getting worse in those nations
@@adelinerojas7806 there are reasons behind that, US involvement, treats of not recognizing the government if it didn't signed an abusive treaty, known as Bucarelli's treaty that basically limited most of the development of the country
I would much enjoy more videos on Mexico in the twentieth century in the future. I would like to learn more about my country's southern neighbor. Thank you for this one! Merry Christmas out there everybody! ✝️🎄
now that the founder of the current iteration communist movement in the philippines just passed away. can we have a video on the martial law period and marcos I regime?
I am extremely surprised by this material. I had no idea about something like the Mexican Dirty War and I didn't know that Operation Condor also involved countries like Mexico, I was convinced that the operation itself was in these countries of the so-called Southern Cone and did not take place in other Latin American countries. The only thing I knew about guerrilla warfare in Mexico was 1994 and the famous Zapatista uprising.
Operation Condor itself generally focused on Southern Cone dictatorships, true, but that's mostly a purely administrative or operational distinction. The treatment of the rest of of Latin America during the Cold War was near-identical, it was just done under different names (and often looped back into Operation Condor, such as many torturers and death squads active in Central America having been originally trained by South Cone dictatorships during Condor)
Even then the Zapatistas were tame compared to all the other revolutionary forces that sprang up at the same time, one in Guerrero managed to kidnap high level political figures, and the EPR (Popular Revolutionary Army) staged multiple armed attacks against oil pipelines, Army bases, banks, the Federal Electoral Tribunal, Congress, the PRI headquarters, ambushed multiple Federal Judicial Police, Military Police, Army, and Navy patrols across Oaxaca, and in one instance staged a massive strike on all of these targets in like 5 states, with the biggest one being a full-on assault on a Naval base in Huatulco. It's the reason why parts of Oaxaca are STILL under military rule/martial law.
@@detleffleischer9418 yes that was Lucio Cabañas partido de los pobres who kidnapped Ruben Figueroa Figueroa, a huge scandal, as he was the designated candidate of the president to be the governor of Guerrero, back then democracy was led by the president directly, as he handpicked his successor and had to approve senate, deputies and state governor candidates, who in turn were shoe-ins for the post. In reality it wasn't force but a political reform on 1979 that allowed left wing and right wing opposition to reach the lower chamber, the anti guerrilla forces as the video says were badly equipped and badly paid, so they saw in drugs a chance to earn cash, the DFS became a drug dealer protection office, and in fact was disbanded in the 80's after it's commander became involved in the killing of a journalist.
On the coast near Ensenada , Baja California, Mexico there is a luxury housing development. I last saw this place in the 1990s. As you approach it in the car you drove from California, USA, you see welcoming banners, bunting, pretty houses behind a terra cotta wall. But if you drive on past the entrance you come to the other end, where painted on the rough unplastered wall scrawled with a paint brush, the name of the local major or some other military rank and the threat that this community was under his protection. If you visit Mexico as an American, or Canadian, it's wonderful, the people are wonderful, I spent part of Christmas day 2005 walking amongst families on the beach in Acapulco; but if you look a bit closer there's a permanent war against humanity going on. Now it's mostly the narcos, but the 43 desaparecido students in Guerrero in 2014 show that at least parts of the government are still very dangerous. When I visited China over the years seeing it grow wealthy I often had the thought, this is just like Mexico; hard working intelligent people, incredible potential. There were once more billionaires (US$) in Mexico than in the US. When those successful business people tried entering the U.S. market - they failed. No 'connection' no wealth.
the 43 were barely students, protest in Mexico became some sort of bussines. You put people for rallys and protest on demand for money, many politic partys use them as cannon foodder to give ilussion that they have people´s back up, specially those related to populist , authoritarian old wings of PRI, disguised as leftists. Current president used them very much in his way to presidency. Specifically the 43 were confused by narcos, they thoutgh they were a rival faction and killed them, by the way, local authorities participated (they were postulated by current president)
Great video, a very poor understood topic outside and even inside of Mexico. And just a thing that I would have liked the video to adress: The weird relationship of the PRI with the left, lets just remember that the PRI was born in the end of the mexican revolution with some early leftist ideas like the "reparto agrario" and "seguridad social", and that they also capture and release Fidel Castro when he was on Mexico (Fidel never spoke bad about the PRI when alive for that reason) and always support the Castro regime in Cuba. In the same manner some PRI oligarchs and even expresidents (like Lázaro Cárdenas) visited the CCP regularly for being messangers betwen México city and the Kremlin. So it was very difficult for the urban guerrilla more in the path of the soviet union to find commitment when the CCP where in good terms with the PRI, and the rural guerrilla were more a Zapatist-Jaramillist style flavoured with comunist ideas
Tienes algún recurso l fuentes para informarme de la vida de Lázaro cárdenas y su asociación conos gobiernos socialistas? Es difícil encontrar algo en internet
@@DanielGarcia-kw4ep Solo yo se que se pronunció a favor de la revolución de Castro, el apoyo a los españoles Repúblicanos y que lo persiguió la CIA y la DFS.
@@gelasiodecaravantes9361 si te persigue la CIA entonces debiste hacer algo bueno. Al menos al momento de actuar, nadie sabía lo que la revolución cubana iba a terminar gestando, la misma CIA le dió dinero a Castro pero los abandonaron y se fueron con la URSS 😬
Yeah the start of the video was wrong about the Truman Doctrine. It was not to stop authoritarianism. It was to stop communism from spreading, and as long as right wing authoritarians supported the U.S. capitalist order they where often aided and made Allie’s.
Very interesting and important video!! Thanks for the history lesson. I knew Mexico was not in a good place in the 60's, 70's and 80's, but I had no idea they had such a brutal Dirty War. As you guys point out near the end of your documentary, Chile, Argentina and Brazil's Dirty Wars and their disgusting crimes of throwing live and dead people out of helicopters is better known and documented. I was horrified to learn Mexico succumbed to this kind of clandestine murder and mayhem against their own people. It may have been on smaller scale, but it should never have occurred in the first place. Just obscene!!! I was not surprised the good folks behind Operation Condor were involved, limited as it may have been. I hope scholars and academics dig down on this important episode in Mexican history. I look forward to the upcoming video on Operation Condor, that you are planning for down the road. 🙂
The way I see it it happened because of a brutal regime that allowed no oposition and because of the prosecution against the left, progressist political movements and comunist and socialist ideologies that swept the continent, instigated, yes, by the US goverment, but also backed up by local oligarchs and conservatives. The religious factor played an important rol, since México's population is strongly catholic to the point of fanatism, and leftists and comunists were depicted as the devil. Much of the agitation came from the pulpits. Thanks for your interest in our history I apreciate it!
@@arnaldofoto964 but the pri is actually pretty marxist in the way it ran the economy so painting them as right wing conservatives would just be creating a myth.
Kudos for pronouncing "guerrillas" correctly. something most Americans pronounce like the great ape. It tends to lead to confusion amongst the less language oriented.
Really good episode, interesting and overlooked topic! Your Spanish was pretty good too. I hope next episode on Latin America you can pronounce them even better. Like Aguirre, the u is silent there, and names like Vásquez are stressed on the first syllable (that’s why the accent is there), so VASquez, PErez, BoLIvar, etc
Mexico is my home, and if i know something about it is that its a very complex house with even more complex people We are the neutral place for those in trouble, or we were We always have done the best of we what we have When cuba was isolated we were the only to say no into that bcs we knew it wasn't right We sold oil to Germany in ww2 and they supposedly sunk 2 of our ships for no reason and that is still something local historians debate, but that's the reason we entered to the war in 44 Helped liberating the Philippines We are like the first colony of Latin America a kind of big brother who doesn't intervene in the south but we are somehow stable, and an example of progress But we are the backyard of some even bigger and scarier, a very violent and greedy neighbour We don't want more war even if we are fighting ourselves over narco... which is sadly a basic industry and income of the country we try to be nice to the ppl crossing our country to the us, but that people is mean, is desperate is throwing trash everywhere, they become more narco... We want to believe in politicians and "other parties" and that change in politics will come, but we are still ruled by a book written a century ago. Again its complex and sad... we try to do what we think is right, but our families have to eat...
¡Excelente video! Es muy loable que este tipo de temas se encuentren en idioma Inglés, para nuestro país fue muy complicado llegar a una transición democrática en el poder y por desgracia muchos compatriotas sacrificaron su vida por ello. Como curiosidad, el escritor Mario Vargas Llosa llegó a catalogar al sistema político de México como una "Dictadura Perfecta" esto en virtud a la longeva hegemonía del PRI, entre otras cuestiones. Espero ver más videos acerca de mi país. ¡Saludos desde Tamaulipas, México!
los guerrilleros no buscaban la democracia, sólo la veían como un medio para llegar al poder y desde ahí, crear una dictadura mucho más sangrienta que el PRI, ellos admiraban a Mao, a Fidel y a la URSS, no se te olvide. Y algunos de ellos llegaron al poder con AMLO en 2018 y son los que quieren destruir al INE para destruir 40 años de avance democrático.
Thank you for this video. My Tio Alfonso was a university student in DF (Mexico City) and took part in the protests. Luckily he was never arrested but that violence had a lasting impact on him.
They didn’t fall they just change there name buddy.. aka morena.. aslo they the same republicans and democrats they the same thing just different names in other countries .. Mexican presidents and American presidents have gone to the same colleges I don’t think that’s coincidence
It is interesting that you call the PRI "right-leaning" when it was socialist in ideology and social democrat in execution, to say it somehow. The fact that they are to the right of Cuban Communist and relied of the USA does not necessary make them "right-leaning". In fact, when the PRI lose their power after more than 70 years in government, they lose to the PAN, a proper right-leaning party. In this specific issue, the video seems a bit oversimplified. That being said, solid video overall. Keep Latin American videos coming, please! Very nice Spanish pronunciation, btw.
They constantly supressed worker and student movements, and well the reliance on the US Which is the chief of anti worker power does say something about their ideology, would you care to name the socialist policies they enacted?
@@jaimeebg it could be argued that Salinas was the first center right president. But there was still a huge corrupt left leaning movement within the party that ended up moving to Morena
@@AGRS22 it could be argued that the las left-leaning president was Lopez Mateo, after him the PRI was a strange mix more like centre. However, since De la Madrid the PRI started officially moving to the right,and Salinas was downright neo-liberal. I ignore the current role of all those old people as almost none of them are key players anymore (Bartlett), unlike the USA.
Mexican guy here. Awesome vídeo! I just have a couple nitpicks. PRI stands for Revolutionary INSTITUTIONAL Party, not Industrial. And the PRI ruled Mexico until the year 2000, not 1988.
There's a really good Mexican film "El Violin" that takes place in the midst of the Dirty War in the Tierra Caliente Guerrero. The protagonist is played by Angel Tavira one of Guerrero's founders of musical 'Sones'. I highly recommend watching it! You see the brutality of the Mexican govt as well as the revolutionary spirits of peasants through the eyes of a civilian musician .
I feel this vid downplayed the role of the war on drugs in the conflict, from the sixties on areas of countryside would be swept in anti-narcotics operations and casualties labelled 'pushers' or 'traffickers' after execution by armed forces. During the war on drugs crackdowns would up-end distribution networks and violence would skyrocket culminating in the chaos of the nineties and early 2000s when more died south of the border than in Iraq or Afghanistan and different parts of the armed forces fought for different cartels.
my grandpa participated in that war, in the side of the government, he take the life of twenty eight peoples and disable another more like federal officer, he never regret his actions until his death
I live in guerrero state, my granpa told me lucio cabañas was a kidnapper and a thief, like a bad Robin hood, sometimes against inocent people that had a little more money than the poor.
A book that tries to give voice to those affected by this dirty war is "México Armado 1943-1981" is a recopilation of stories and testimonies of what happened during this lapse of time with the uprising social movementa
Thank you for sharing this! There's a name that is key to understand the Dirty War "Fernando Gutierrez Barrios" The Amazon Series "Un extraño enemigo" shows the dirty war Not everything pictured there's 100% accurate but it helps when you're trying to know what happened
Thank you for making this video. Even among those of us who are interested in the history of the dirty wars in Latin America, Mexico's dirty war is often neglected
The war was dirty from both sides. The guerrillas kidnapped and killed people too. But the lesser of the two evils was the government, Mexico is way better than Cuba (what those guerrillas wanted to become).
As a Mexican that actually grew up in Mexico I can see that outsiders have a lot of bias into what actually goes on in Mexico. A lot of the information presented in this video is very erroneous. Outsiders looking into Mexico from their bubbles will never truly understand what goes on in the country. Not to the same level that Mexicans will. Or maybe they understand perfectly but just want to push a certain narrative. 🤔
@@senpaisanchoyt5225 We dont have provinces, we have states, "narcotics" as he said has only been a major issue since the late 90s, not prior to that like he implied in the beginning. We are not a backyard, if we were the US would have a better control of their southern border, but they dont given how they are always complaining about how easy it is to cross it.
@@senpaisanchoyt5225 First of all it's the "Institutional Revolutionary Party" NOT the "Industrial Revolutionary Party". Second of all poor peasant farmers prospered a lot under PRI. They implemented systems in place such as Procampo, Konasupo, Ejidos, Becas, dispensas and free education to even the most remote areas. Third of all there was no "civil war lasting 14" years. It was isolated student led protests that occurred sporadically. Fourth of all while the PRI may have been corrupt they were by no means a dictatorship and Mexico has had free and fair elections since the days of the revolution. It was the poorer and rural Mexicans that supported PRI. I know this because my family used to be enslaved before the revolution and we've been PRI supporters for decades. We also come from a long line of farmers. I mean, when the PRI lost power in 2000 they did so fair square under a free election. If they were truly the dictatorship that everyone says they were then there would've been a coup to take them from power. Even the U.S had an attempted coup yet no one calls the Republican party a dictatorship. There wasn't a coup when PRI lost. They even lost the last election in 2018 to MORENA and there was a peaceful transfer of power then too. Calling PRI a dictatorship is a way for the outside to keep the Mexican people down for the choices we make in our own country. For us PRI was the product of the revolution and that's why we kept them in power for so long. They have their faults sure but since they left things really went to shit after PAN and MORENA took over. I say all of this from personal experience and not from something I read in a book or saw in a poorly researched UA-cam documentary. Sheesh, if the information in this video is THAT wrong then you really have to wonder about the quality of content on their other videos. Or maybe Mexico is a special case where only Mexicans are the ones that truly understand what is going on in our own country.
@@gelasiodecaravantes9361 Si, yo vivo en los dos lados de la frontera. En mi opinion es más facil para un Mexicano entender a EEUU que un gringo entienda a Mexico, wey.
A bit disappointed about the video. Cold War politics were relevant but not the core aspects that explain the conflict here. Painting the PRI as being almost a US puppet is utterly wrong. Painting it as a Righ-Wing party is also utterly wrong. The PRI rose as a left wing party with Cardenas, but mainly it was a true coalition party between leading sectors of Mexican society that wanted peace after the Mexican Revolution (and after almost 100 years of non stop conflict after Mexicos Independence, with the brief interlude of Porfirio Diaz Dictatorship). The PRI had both right-wing and left-wing sectors, liberals, socialists, and many fascists (especially before the 40s). That was what made PRI stable as a political regime. Representatives of all relevant sectors were included. And all of them enjoyed economic and political rents (Syndicate leaders and Businessmen cartels, Northerners and Southerners. Urban dwellers and Rural dwellers). Mexican Guerillas were limited to fringe groups in poorer southern regions for the most part. And later to young college students who were more idealistic and had not been coopted by the system. That is what matters the most in explaining the Mexican Dirty War. Cold War politics were tangential to the core problems.
I find problematic that you deem the PRI as right wing. Though their actual praxis could be disputed, the Mexican government claimed to represent the Mexican Revolution, with ideas of social justice and land reform that no one could doubt as left wing. The proof of this was that the government accused the guerrillas of being part of reactionary political movements as well as having Communist influence (paradoxical but not a purely right wing talking point). Also many historians ignore the kidnappings, bombings and murders inflicted by the guerrillas in both city and countryside. The government reaction was brutal but hardly unmotivated
PRI was a classic ex of the socialist/corporate state with total control of all institutions. Actual free enterprise was prevented, except at the smallest level. While I was living in summer of 1969 in rural Hidalgo State a nearby village had not voted for the PRI, and then all of their fields were burned down
@@g1g4_ch4d7 the leaders typically had a 'socialist' ideology (the state should control the means of production), but they allow corps to exist but regulated by the state. Also, leaders take a cut of the business and get rich
@@g1g4_ch4d7 people gave their own definitions, obviously.. Mexico did nationalize all the oil and minerals. The government owns, or used to, all the newsprint (they would refuse to sell newsprint to periodicals that irritated them). The gov used the police to shut down political opposition.
It's nice that you are covering a somewhat obscure conflict, but I feel it's presented somewhat unbalanced. Too much attention was focused on what the PRI did but not what the guerillas did, the PRI was horrible but the guerillas were not "good" either. They kidnapped and killed civilians, charged extortion money and many became druglords. The state of Guerrero is still one of the poorest and most dangerous in the country due in part to groups linked to those guerillas commiting a lot of crime. "
This is the main reason Mexicans lost the right to have weapons. There was an ambush the military and the police had against students in a restaurant, the students were being massacred by the government forces, but some students with 22 pistols managed to kill 6 soldiers. This brought stricter gun laws in Mexico.
Fr you have any more stories? Someone told me at that time they would take young men by force from guerrero to fight lucio en la Sierra a lot of them didn’t come back no one wanted to be a soldier to the point they had to take young men away from there home by force and made them soldiers
Also interestingly, the PRI in many ways is actually a left-leaning party (at least certain factions I suppose). Not only does it have "revolutionary" in its name and was created in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution, it is also a member of the Socialist International and it was the party that gave asylum to Leon Trotsky after he was kicked out of the USSR.
You could say that the last left wing leader of the pri was Lázaro Cárdenas. After him, the pri has been a right wing party, especially in the 80's with the neoliberalism. But ultimately, as one answer said, the pri is whatever it needs to be to win
@@coldwar45 Yes, in the 60's Lopez Mateos and Echeverria called themselves "Communists", but were also CIA Agents and actively suppresed Left-leaning movements.
No way the PRI was a right-wing party. Actually, it's a member of the international socialist. Mexico under the PRI was even the first country to give international recognition to the Cuban revolutionary government. Plus, those guerrillas wanted to install a government way more tyrannical than the PRI itself, just look at their methods and the way they admired the Cuban Revolution.
no they are not, they are killers and rapist, thats why acutal president put them in charge of everything giving them more power and all that crap is getting covered under the national security BS . mexa here.
@@pantoleon desde que te diriges a ti mismo como "mexa" pierdes tu nacionalidad como mexicano, deseguro eres pocho, y aunque te duela, el ejercito y la armada son las instituciones mas queridas por el grueso de la población, chairos y gente normal por igual, ambos los aman, los unicos que los odian son los traumaditos de tlatelolco
That's not true, it's the Marine Corps that's one of the most trusted if even the only trusted institution. That's why a lot of people who wanna be in the Mexican Armed Forces wanna join the Marines and as well as Marines being used a lot to fight drug cartels
@@DeepThinker_6597 LOL we all know that the mexican generals are the true narco boss, like the general cienfuegos, only amlo the other biggest narco boss rescue him from usa.
@@patrickdunning6886 mexico is a mostly white country. by law it's illegal to be black or dark skinned there in the constitution.....but they still blame us somehow for their own internal failures
@@margarettoellieniellieni5087 no they weren't you tool. you just wish they were. more importantly if it is that easy to sponsor civil wars in your country....then YOUR COUNTRY has a problem
@@patrickdunning6886 they hate America with a passion.. the same guys commenting on this video be on their spanish mexican news channels hating on America 24/7 on the comment section .. and sounds like they live in the states since they speak good english
My aunt told me that when she was a student in the late 1970s in Ensenada's UABC university there was a student coup against foreign (specialy american) teachers and carried out by a (possibly) communist anti-imperialist group. She told me that after the coup, the teachers were replaced by the oldest grade students and the quality of the institution declined. A short time after, the governor of the province and the mayor sent the army to expell them from the university and restore the damage they caused. Before the coup, the university was a prestigious institution (that's what my aunt told me) and after that, it wasn't the same until long after the event ended.
Thank you for this video , which is quite accurate about those years. I would just like to point out that the PRI is the ' Partido Revolucionario Institucional ' - " Institutional Revolutionary Party ".
Min 12.31 the picture is from Argentina, i soppose from the times of the "military junta". You can track the image to Argentina by the plate of the truck and the inscription in the truck´s door. "(poli)cia fereral argentina". As always thank you for a great video and investigation.
Thank you so much for this content. Even in law school this sort of content is extremely barren, and its notable because most of the current Human Rights Law treaties and conventions that are binding in Mexico trace their roots to the Dirty War. The existence of the Internal Normative System of Indigenous self-governance was born this way, the 2006 APPO rebellion/Oaxaca Commune was inspired by the PdlP, the Zapatistas and the EPR attacked the government after the Army massacred multiple indigenous civilians in many towns (Aguas Blancas and Acteal Massacres), and most importantly of all, one disappearance would end up being brought before the Inter-American Court (think of the Supreme Court but instead of exercising authority over a country it has actual binding authority over the entirety of Latin America) that would force Mexico to radically reform the Constitution to allow for human rights laws to be enforceable on Mexican soil. So thanks to Radilla Pacheco v. Mexico, the state implemented a reform to the Constitution forcing international treaties to be basically on par and have the same legal authority as the Constitution itself, which has been a slow but improving situation, even despite funding and institutional setbacks. So much happened in those decades that still resonate today. The face of Lucio Cabañas helped transform the national teachers union into a mass left movement, going so far as to rebel against the government in the 2006 Commune, the 2016 Nochixtlan Massacre, and even now. This also was the reason why the Ayotzinapa mass disappearances happened too. Since the Army and police are distrustful of activists and teachers in the first place, and because of their role in collaborating with drug cartels in the area, they were instrumental in carrying out the disappearances of the students themselves. The previously mentioned EPR is still active here in Oaxaca, enough that parts of the countryside are still living under martial law, especially the Southern Sierra region of Loxicha. And im sorry for the long comment, its just not everyday this sort of history is even discussed, much less when in the context of politics and government or law, since most of the members of the currently ruling Morena party are former members of the PRI, including the President himself, which is why its not even close to convenient for them to bash the PRI and expose their deeds during the war (and I say this as a card-holding member of the Party), theyre so anticommunist they even omit the name and deeds of Lazaro Cardenas from Party records because the man was an avowed Socialist himself.
My very own special opinion in La guerra sucia is that all of the rural and urban guerrillas failed to accomplished their goals (Besides from the EZLN movement in the 90s) because they had little to no support of the general mexican public. And let me explain why. In 60s and 70s the political opression was brutal, and that's what made the urban guerrillas to be created. A lot of survivors of Tlatelolco and Halconazo massacres joined the urban guerrillas as la Liga 23 de S. or La Liga Espartaco. But that's not the point. The working class in the 70s were born between 30s and 40s, which was a very particular time. Lázaro Cardenas and subsequent presidents had finally stabillized the country after a bloody civil war (Our very particular social-democratic revolution) in 1910s and a feeling of progress was being achieved. At the time, Our revolution seemed succesful and ideologically speaking, the country was in the middle of two doctrines, the statized economy and industry and a soft introduction of free markets. Soooooo, to the general public (The middle class, generally responsible for creating revolutions) another armed revolution would only destroy what 30 years stabilization created. Also was the fact that PRI had chosen a side in the bigger scenario (Along the USA). Particullary speaking of urban guerrillas, they were infested by DFS officials (Mexican CIA at that time) and they were poorly structured. This caused massive failed plans and that the mexican elite used this group indirectly to strike political rivals (Search for Garza Sada's murder, caused by a failed kidnapping, who was the greatest bussinessman at that time, killed by la Liga, instrumentalized by the mexican president Luis echeverría, who knew a year prior the failed kidnapping was going to happen and did nothing). Also was the fact that the guerrilleros hoped that the working class joined the movement, but sadly didn't. Speaking of rural guerrillas, sadly, in Mexico's deep country, inequality has always been a thing, from the mayan rebellion against the yucatan peninsula landlords, to the greatest mexican revolutionary Zapata, a fight against the evil men in México's country is still fought today. La guerra sucia showed the repressive, unequal and violent political system that Mexico had those days, and helped to the downfall of PRI at 1994.
All my life I heard of Lucio Cabañas armed movement but it was until a few months ago when I heard the testimony of a government soldier when I realized how intense the whole thing actually was.
What testimony ? Suppedly back then the army would recruit people by force.. there came a time where no would dare to go in the woods cabanas and his men had killed a lot of soldiers.. cia gave the order to go after him..
I grew up Mexico In the late 90s early 2000. I was seein the death of what the old socialist ways that worked. The more I learn the more in common Mexico has with the USSR. I do miss the Mexico i grew up in.
The P.R.I. is the Institutional Revolutionary Party. This was established in the early 1920s, on the conclusion of their Revolution, a ten-year civil war. Later in the 1920s, devout Catholics rose against as guerillas against the Left-leaning government. They supported the Left in the Spanish Civil War. Mexico was an Allied Power in the 2d War. Peace has been elusive there, more or less since Independence in 1821. I worked in a Vegas casino restaurant, a retired Mexican sergeant was not to well liked, I could discern with my rough Spanish. There was a "Zapatista" guerilla movement in the 1980s-'90s.
Interesting video. Just some notes; PRI means Institutional (not Industrial) Revolutionary Party. It's formally a center-left political party, not a right wing, yeah it become a technocrat party with time, even turning into a neoliberal one in the 80's. And being a member of the Socialist International. Yeah, 1988 was a turning point on PRI political dominance, but it retained power until losing complete control of the congress in 1994 and then the presidency in 2000.
It's being called neoliberal by its adversaries. I'm not sure they ever defined themselves as such or even would fit the criteria. Neoliberalism would be to split and sell government monopolies to manny businesses and have them compete for clients. Under Salina's we had oligatchism where the monopolies were not abolished but handed to cronies. That is not liberal in any way. Also our president blamed the rape and murder of an 8 year old girl on neoliberalism....
@@sdb2885 It has been called a lot of thing by their adversaries. During Calles government (when the PRI was the PNR) was even labeled as a soviet style communist party. And right now it's labeled as a right wing by the left. Yeah, the party (and its government) changed over time, becoming some sort of social market economy and then to a neoliberal party at its final form. Now, by neoliberal, I'm talking about the kind of policies the government started to get aligned officially, of course those policies were defined also by a great level of corruption once they were implemented. At the end, it was more a a crony capitalism than anything else, bute never changing it's formal political position as a left wing party. Even nowadays they are still being part of the Socialist International.
The 1968 Mexico City protest saw more than 5000 'disappeared' and buried outside of Mexico City, in the desert. My sources are three witnesses to the event. One was a police officer there and his friend. They both resigned after the second event. The second was a Doctor In Training and her sister who were nursing victims in secret. Los halcones were terrible commandos. I knew the first gentleman and his friend briefly in the '90s, as he was a nightclub worker. The second landed up being my dentist. Her sister was a friend who ran an internet cafe I used. All of the lived in Tijuana while I lived there, off and on, from 1985 to 2015. Vazquez was allegedly assassinated by the government. All of these people voluntarily gave me the information, over time. The dentist dragged victims into a shop and was technically required to report all injured to the police. Since no 'official' treatment was done, no reports were filed. When the POLICE STATION was transferred, the old station was bulldozed in the middle of the night, while groups worked at turning it into a museum. This surprised everyone in Tijuana, as some noted that something was inside, never meant to be seen again. Unrelated to Mexico City events, but interesting as this happened in the '90s.
The Halconazo (5:54) is the background of Cuarón's movie Roma, with Cleo's boyfriend being part of Los Halcones One thing I'm surprised is not mentioned here is the Liga 23 de Septiembre's involvement in the death of Eugenio Garza Sada
The script for the video was researched and written by Chronology Cast. Check out his channel if you want to see more fun historical videos: www.youtube.com/@ChronologyCast
whats about other commie side crimes against humanity ? are you sure that you can use term POW here ?
There’s a reason Mexico was often called “La Dictadura Perfecta” (perfect dictatorship) as most of this stuff was unknown to the outside world as the PRI branded Mexico’s image as a prospering democratic state when underneath the facade was a state long abused by various forces both internal and external and the PRI is to blame for many of its problems today as well as foreign intervention. It’s still crazy how the nation branded as a democracy back in 1917 didn’t really have its own “true” democratic elections until 2000 with the ousting of the PRI. Mexico has never really gotten a break throughout its history
Oh its always been a rough shit hole. Just like current times with the cartels, back then any of these various groups were seen as heroes to the various populous.
Also interesting is Mexico's ambiguous ideological position. It was a revolution before Russia where left wing American went to gawp the ashed of reactionary Porfirismo. A kind of Peronism avant la lettre. In the 30s Mexico angered Britain and was sanctioned by it over oil nationalisation. It gave succour to left wing exiles from the Spanish civil war. It was a safe haven for pre-communist Castro.
But then ended up on the same page as Videla's or Pinochet's regime. Most strange.
@@forthrightgambitia1032 a similar thing happened in Ethiopia, the derg a communist regime took over than was later opposed and eventually defeated by the tplf which was also a leftist organization. I think because revolution and fighting against the government is more a doctrine of far left politics than the right, there’s not really much of a tradition or doctrine of right wing insurgencies, therefore when youth grow angry at the government they usually gravitate towards leftist revolutionary movements
@@Danheron2 thats not necessarily true
@@forthrightgambitia1032 it was the Perfect Dictatorship, socialism with Mexican characteristics.
As someone who grew up in the 2000s México, it is sad how schools barely touch on this stuff, it just brushed as oopsies by the government and barely touched on. Thank you for putting this video out there, feels a bit like current times
Prima!
Si, realmente es difícil encontrar algo respecto a este tema en los libros de historia que te daban en las escuelas. La mayoría son de libros que eran distribuidos por la SEP (Y evidentemente tienen su censura) y ni hablar de los medios que casi nunca tocan estos temas y cuando lo hacen omiten detalles
Esto no lo Sabia todo lo que paso con los movimientos armados y las atrocidades cometidas por el gobierno , es Bueno saber de esto ahora que nunca
@@mrkeykush693 es triste pero todos hemos escuchado que "quien no conoce su historia está condenado a repetirla" y la historia de México vaya que se repite. Muchos historiadores mexicanos han documendo muy bien la mayoría de nuestra historia moderna, lástima que sus trabajos son poco difundidos.
@@ivangarcia1327 Neoconseevatives....🤣🤣🤣
My grandpa was a competition shooter and was friends with Lucio Cabañas' personal gunsmith. When cabañas was killed, his gunsmith gave my grandpa Lucio's personal rifle for safe keeping while he went into hiding. From what my grandpa told me, it was a highly modified hunting rifle rebored to take higher caliber military exclusive rounds. When my grandpa found out the gunsmith had been captured, tortured and killed, he buried the rifle in a ditch.
Dam that's crazy I'm glad the communists didn't win
@@Joebay707 It is because they didn't win and their petitions ignored that our country is going to sh1t 🙄
Lies.. cabanas had is rifle with him all the time he was in a open war.. dude wasn’t in a gang but in a war
@@gallo4796 You shouldn't accuse someone of "lies" and make false assumptions based on limited knowledge. Soldiers in wars do not carry their rifle around 24/7, especially not guerrillas who often need to blend into the civilian population. Cabañas could have had more than one rifle and there are conflicting accounts of his death.
@@gallo4796 people can have several rifles... I mean i got three and I´m no warlord.
The dirty war is often thought to initiate with the aftermath of the 1968 massacre but there had actually already been some important movements pre-1960s that were met with brutal oppression.
There was a major a railroad worker movement/strike in the 50s that partially paralyzed the nation and was of course beaten down by the government. The rail workers would again be an important part of the movements of 1968.
There were also the Jaramillistas in the state of Morelos led by Ruben Jaramillo, a former commander under Emiliano Zapata during the Mexican Revolution. The Jaramillistas fought in favor of land reform and campesino rights.
Ruben Jaramillo in fact was a big advocate of the Lazaro Cardenas administration and originally sought to work within the post-revolutionary political framework. It was with subsequent administrations that Jaramillo decided to take up arms as the conditions of the rural class became less and less of a concern for the elite.
Awesome comment
Also important to note, in the prelude to all of this, the Mexican government ordered the assassinations of people the government feared could pose a threat. People like Pancho Villia in addition to the killings of lesser known generals. In my fathers hometown, after the revolution a general made a homestead of sorts and brought along his soldiers, then sometime later he was assassinated by his cheaufer
Thank you for covering this. This is part of the cold war hardly anyone knows about aside from outside of Mexico. As my mom who lived in this era, she was born in San Luis Potosi in 1957. This is fairly unknown outside of Mexico and thank you for covering it.
C.20 Mexican history in general is fascinating and sadly unknown abroad. From the Revolución and the Cristiada, to the Dirty War and the Lost Decade, it stands out even among its Latin American counterparts, which is saying a lot.
The fact that Mexico was basically the only country to refuse to even prosecute any of the politicians or military commanders who were involved and Chile and Argentina did says a lot about how our government is like
No mammes whey
AYYY! My mom too was born in San Luis Potosi, but in 1951 (she passed away in 2007 from Cancer). Our moms probably met before!!😃😁😅 Best wishes!
My father was one of those who were disappeared only 3 months after I was born in ‘73. He had been at that Tlatelolco protest in ‘68 and had to leave Mexico City and go into hiding. The rest is history.
I’m so sorry.
Chale, I'm sorry for your loss :(
QDEP
Do u have his revolutionary zeal ?? Don't answer or many people would wish the same fate
Went for milk that same night and never came back.
Fascinating piece of Cold War history that I had never heard about. Thanks David.
I personally think (as a Mexican) that this chapter is often overlooked because the PRI's regime never fully embraced authoritarianism in the way the dictatorships of Chile, Brazil and Argentina did. They were able to just simply be quiet. The term "perfect dictatorship" was coined by a Peruvian analyst in the early 90's to describe Mexico. It took us all the way to 2000 to have a true, free and fair democratic transition of power.
People escaping from fascist dictatorships In Spain and Latin America were living safely In México, and they were very puzzled when they met a family member of a méxican guerrillero.
"Is your father a guerrilla fighter In México?! How Is that possible?"
I can always respect a video that covers little known subjects or time periods. Nice video.
I have a friend of the College that made his thesis about a group allied with the League, how they had to change their operations and finally how they ended up being looked at as gang members by their own neighbors, Los vikingos were they
They were terrorists and criminals. Look how they assasinated Eugenio Garza Sada or how they kidnapped an airliner.
As much as the Dirty War still continues in Southern Mexico against indigenous groups, its pretty much just an extension of the same oppression that existed all the way back to colonial Mexico's founding. The names, titles, and structures might have changed periodically over the years, but the heavy handed control by a minority of those in power and the wealthy is a consistent attribute of Mexican (and pretty much all of Latin American) politics.
yes, i've come from the Tehuantepec Isthmus zone, and i still having lively viviencies about soldiers doing raids for capture "Zapatistas" in late 90's early 2000. Now the boogiemans are Centeramericans crossing to USA that many times Mexican Army delivers them to Narcos.
Down in Loxicha they're still living under absolute martial law, and anywhere outside of Central Oaxaca is ringed by Army and Navy checkpoints. It's still sadly very true, especially after the massacres at the 2006 Commune and the 2016 Nochixtlán massacre
@@detleffleischer9418 most of mexican army is station in that region. Narcos aren't a threat because they can be allies
What's going on in Oaxaca? I have land there apparently
@@detleffleischer9418 last time I was in Oaxaca was 2005, lots of military checkpoints but I thought that was just the norm . I often visited huajuapan.
Es bueno ver que se haga un análisis en inglés, aquí en UA-cam, de ese periodo tan oscuro en México. La Guerra Sucia en México es un tema bastante desconocido en el ámbito internacional.
Mexico: people seem to revolting that we are hosting the 1968 Olympics. Let's host the 1970 World Cup too!
I'm Mexican and it is even more curious the ambiguous ideological position of the PRI. Initially created as a center-left party and founded by former revolutionaries, the PRI even joined the Socialist International but in the 1990's declared itself as neo-liberal. Two of the most infamous PRI Presidents, Luis Echeverría and Jose Lopez Portillo, were closer to the Socialism than to Capitalism and tried to establish a Welfare State with rural support, but at the same time were the worst enemies of the guerrillas in Guerrero. Even more, they were always supported by the US government and the CIA.
As Dali would recall later, Mexico is the most surrealist country in the world.
Nowadays, our President Lopez Obrador argues to be in the "nationalist revolutionary" left-wing but he has actual conservative positions and his cabinet is formed by former PRI's dinosaurs.
@adeline rojas yes you're right, but it doesn't mean the PRI was socialist or liberal
Social democracy/ welfare states exist precisely as a bribe to workers in order to stop actual socialist policies, now that the USSR is gone there is no pressure to make such bribes, thus life is getting worse in those nations
@@adelinerojas7806 there are reasons behind that, US involvement, treats of not recognizing the government if it didn't signed an abusive treaty, known as Bucarelli's treaty that basically limited most of the development of the country
You know they install puppet governments around the world for there use not hard to see it happens in Mexico too
Don’t forget Cárdenas who identified himself as a socialist. He was one of the best best presidents we’ve had.
Please remember nothing absolutely nothing of that happened without the blessing of the USA
Things are worst now without it :P
I would much enjoy more videos on Mexico in the twentieth century in the future. I would like to learn more about my country's southern neighbor. Thank you for this one!
Merry Christmas out there everybody! ✝️🎄
🦌🎅❄️Feliz Navidad ✝️🎄☦️
Merry Christmas! God Bless!
@@robertortiz-wilson1588 :ohhhhh h jus>8998oïló0}p
now that the founder of the current iteration communist movement in the philippines just passed away. can we have a video on the martial law period and marcos I regime?
I am extremely surprised by this material. I had no idea about something like the Mexican Dirty War and I didn't know that Operation Condor also involved countries like Mexico, I was convinced that the operation itself was in these countries of the so-called Southern Cone and did not take place in other Latin American countries. The only thing I knew about guerrilla warfare in Mexico was 1994 and the famous Zapatista uprising.
Operation Condor itself generally focused on Southern Cone dictatorships, true, but that's mostly a purely administrative or operational distinction. The treatment of the rest of of Latin America during the Cold War was near-identical, it was just done under different names (and often looped back into Operation Condor, such as many torturers and death squads active in Central America having been originally trained by South Cone dictatorships during Condor)
@@juanjuri6127 the moonies and the message cults are tied to the death squads
Even then the Zapatistas were tame compared to all the other revolutionary forces that sprang up at the same time, one in Guerrero managed to kidnap high level political figures, and the EPR (Popular Revolutionary Army) staged multiple armed attacks against oil pipelines, Army bases, banks, the Federal Electoral Tribunal, Congress, the PRI headquarters, ambushed multiple Federal Judicial Police, Military Police, Army, and Navy patrols across Oaxaca, and in one instance staged a massive strike on all of these targets in like 5 states, with the biggest one being a full-on assault on a Naval base in Huatulco. It's the reason why parts of Oaxaca are STILL under military rule/martial law.
Operation condor, operation Northwoods, operation PBSUCCESS, operation mongoose, operation cyclone
@@detleffleischer9418 yes that was Lucio Cabañas partido de los pobres who kidnapped Ruben Figueroa Figueroa, a huge scandal, as he was the designated candidate of the president to be the governor of Guerrero, back then democracy was led by the president directly, as he handpicked his successor and had to approve senate, deputies and state governor candidates, who in turn were shoe-ins for the post. In reality it wasn't force but a political reform on 1979 that allowed left wing and right wing opposition to reach the lower chamber, the anti guerrilla forces as the video says were badly equipped and badly paid, so they saw in drugs a chance to earn cash, the DFS became a drug dealer protection office, and in fact was disbanded in the 80's after it's commander became involved in the killing of a journalist.
On the coast near Ensenada , Baja California, Mexico there is a luxury housing development. I last saw this place in the 1990s. As you approach it in the car you drove from California, USA, you see welcoming banners, bunting, pretty houses behind a terra cotta wall. But if you drive on past the entrance you come to the other end, where painted on the rough unplastered wall scrawled with a paint brush, the name of the local major or some other military rank and the threat that this community was under his protection. If you visit Mexico as an American, or Canadian, it's wonderful, the people are wonderful, I spent part of Christmas day 2005 walking amongst families on the beach in Acapulco; but if you look a bit closer there's a permanent war against humanity going on. Now it's mostly the narcos, but the 43 desaparecido students in Guerrero in 2014 show that at least parts of the government are still very dangerous. When I visited China over the years seeing it grow wealthy I often had the thought, this is just like Mexico; hard working intelligent people, incredible potential. There were once more billionaires (US$) in Mexico than in the US. When those successful business people tried entering the U.S. market - they failed. No 'connection' no wealth.
the 43 were barely students, protest in Mexico became some sort of bussines. You put people for rallys and protest on demand for money, many politic partys use them as cannon foodder to give ilussion that they have people´s back up, specially those related to populist , authoritarian old wings of PRI, disguised as leftists. Current president used them very much in his way to presidency. Specifically the 43 were confused by narcos, they thoutgh they were a rival faction and killed them, by the way, local authorities participated (they were postulated by current president)
Great video, a very poor understood topic outside and even inside of Mexico. And just a thing that I would have liked the video to adress: The weird relationship of the PRI with the left, lets just remember that the PRI was born in the end of the mexican revolution with some early leftist ideas like the "reparto agrario" and "seguridad social", and that they also capture and release Fidel Castro when he was on Mexico (Fidel never spoke bad about the PRI when alive for that reason) and always support the Castro regime in Cuba. In the same manner some PRI oligarchs and even expresidents (like Lázaro Cárdenas) visited the CCP regularly for being messangers betwen México city and the Kremlin. So it was very difficult for the urban guerrilla more in the path of the soviet union to find commitment when the CCP where in good terms with the PRI, and the rural guerrilla were more a Zapatist-Jaramillist style flavoured with comunist ideas
Exactly. PRI is socialist democrat. They simply didn’t want to give up the reigns of power to anyone left or right of them.
Tienes algún recurso l fuentes para informarme de la vida de Lázaro cárdenas y su asociación conos gobiernos socialistas? Es difícil encontrar algo en internet
@@DanielGarcia-kw4ep Solo yo se que se pronunció a favor de la revolución de Castro, el apoyo a los españoles Repúblicanos y que lo persiguió la CIA y la DFS.
@@gelasiodecaravantes9361 si te persigue la CIA entonces debiste hacer algo bueno. Al menos al momento de actuar, nadie sabía lo que la revolución cubana iba a terminar gestando, la misma CIA le dió dinero a Castro pero los abandonaron y se fueron con la URSS 😬
The US be like: "we're here to guard the world from authoritarian regimes, except the ones that are against communism"
Yeah the start of the video was wrong about the Truman Doctrine.
It was not to stop authoritarianism. It was to stop communism from spreading, and as long as right wing authoritarians supported the U.S. capitalist order they where often aided and made Allie’s.
Very interesting and important video!! Thanks for the history lesson. I knew Mexico was not in a good place in the 60's, 70's and 80's, but I had no idea they had such a brutal Dirty War. As you guys point out near the end of your documentary, Chile, Argentina and Brazil's Dirty Wars and their disgusting crimes of throwing live and dead people out of helicopters is better known and documented. I was horrified to learn Mexico succumbed to this kind of clandestine murder and mayhem against their own people. It may have been on smaller scale, but it should never have occurred in the first place. Just obscene!!! I was not surprised the good folks behind Operation Condor were involved, limited as it may have been. I hope scholars and academics dig down on this important episode in Mexican history. I look forward to the upcoming video on Operation Condor, that you are planning for down the road. 🙂
It's not a crime to fight criminals and maniacs. If not for Pinochet too many people would be massacred by communists there
Im not against Pinochets helicopter rides.
The way I see it it happened because of a brutal regime that allowed no oposition and because of the prosecution against the left, progressist political movements and comunist and socialist ideologies that swept the continent, instigated, yes, by the US goverment, but also backed up by local oligarchs and conservatives. The religious factor played an important rol, since México's population is strongly catholic to the point of fanatism, and leftists and comunists were depicted as the devil. Much of the agitation came from the pulpits. Thanks for your interest in our history I apreciate it!
@@arnaldofoto964 but the pri is actually pretty marxist in the way it ran the economy so painting them as right wing conservatives would just be creating a myth.
Love the video but in Mexico we don't have provinces we have states.
we are not a backyard either
Kudos for pronouncing "guerrillas" correctly. something most Americans pronounce like the great ape. It tends to lead to confusion amongst the less language oriented.
Yes!!! Thank you for covering my country.
I had never heard about Operation Condor until now. Thank you for bring it up. Can you expound on it in a future video?
US replacing leftist leaders with military and right wing dictatorships
Behind the Bastards podcast has a series on Condor and the World Anti-Communist League
Really good episode, interesting and overlooked topic! Your Spanish was pretty good too. I hope next episode on Latin America you can pronounce them even better. Like Aguirre, the u is silent there, and names like Vásquez are stressed on the first syllable (that’s why the accent is there), so VASquez, PErez, BoLIvar, etc
Mexico is my home, and if i know something about it is that its a very complex house with even more complex people
We are the neutral place for those in trouble, or we were
We always have done the best of we what we have
When cuba was isolated we were the only to say no into that bcs we knew it wasn't right
We sold oil to Germany in ww2 and they supposedly sunk 2 of our ships for no reason and that is still something local historians debate, but that's the reason we entered to the war in 44
Helped liberating the Philippines
We are like the first colony of Latin America a kind of big brother who doesn't intervene in the south but we are somehow stable, and an example of progress
But we are the backyard of some even bigger and scarier, a very violent and greedy neighbour
We don't want more war even if we are fighting ourselves over narco... which is sadly a basic industry and income of the country
we try to be nice to the ppl crossing our country to the us, but that people is mean, is desperate is throwing trash everywhere, they become more narco...
We want to believe in politicians and "other parties" and that change in politics will come, but we are still ruled by a book written a century ago.
Again its complex and sad... we try to do what we think is right, but our families have to eat...
¡Excelente video! Es muy loable que este tipo de temas se encuentren en idioma Inglés, para nuestro país fue muy complicado llegar a una transición democrática en el poder y por desgracia muchos compatriotas sacrificaron su vida por ello. Como curiosidad, el escritor Mario Vargas Llosa llegó a catalogar al sistema político de México como una "Dictadura Perfecta" esto en virtud a la longeva hegemonía del PRI, entre otras cuestiones. Espero ver más videos acerca de mi país. ¡Saludos desde Tamaulipas, México!
los guerrilleros no buscaban la democracia, sólo la veían como un medio para llegar al poder y desde ahí, crear una dictadura mucho más sangrienta que el PRI, ellos admiraban a Mao, a Fidel y a la URSS, no se te olvide.
Y algunos de ellos llegaron al poder con AMLO en 2018 y son los que quieren destruir al INE para destruir 40 años de avance democrático.
Very interesting. And David's Spanish pronounciation is great.
Thank you for this video. My Tio Alfonso was a university student in DF (Mexico City) and took part in the protests. Luckily he was never arrested but that violence had a lasting impact on him.
That's the thing, the dirty war really never ended. You can see this with the Zapatistas, or ayztnapa.
Ayotzinapa* try saying that three times In a row 🤣
Or the feminicidios that continue happening
Can you do an episode on the Fall of PRI mexico?
Eso fue despues de la guerra fria
"Can you do an episode on the Fall of PRI mexico?"
Mate, PRI is still rulling Mexico, it's called Morena
They’re not defeated.
They didn’t fall they just change there name buddy.. aka morena.. aslo they the same republicans and democrats they the same thing just different names in other countries .. Mexican presidents and American presidents have gone to the same colleges I don’t think that’s coincidence
@@xXFlameHaze92Xx All parties are the PRI, they just hit themselves and pretend to do something different.
If this topic interests you in a cinematic way, try this out Canoa-A Shameful Memory (1976) MEXICO.
It is interesting that you call the PRI "right-leaning" when it was socialist in ideology and social democrat in execution, to say it somehow. The fact that they are to the right of Cuban Communist and relied of the USA does not necessary make them "right-leaning". In fact, when the PRI lose their power after more than 70 years in government, they lose to the PAN, a proper right-leaning party. In this specific issue, the video seems a bit oversimplified.
That being said, solid video overall. Keep Latin American videos coming, please! Very nice Spanish pronunciation, btw.
They constantly supressed worker and student movements, and well the reliance on the US Which is the chief of anti worker power does say something about their ideology, would you care to name the socialist policies they enacted?
Well, the PRI ended up being right-wing, since the 80's and way before loosing against PAN the PRI was already a neo-liberal party.
it was Left then turned right
@@jaimeebg it could be argued that Salinas was the first center right president. But there was still a huge corrupt left leaning movement within the party that ended up moving to Morena
@@AGRS22 it could be argued that the las left-leaning president was Lopez Mateo, after him the PRI was a strange mix more like centre. However, since De la Madrid the PRI started officially moving to the right,and Salinas was downright neo-liberal. I ignore the current role of all those old people as almost none of them are key players anymore (Bartlett), unlike the USA.
Mexican guy here. Awesome vídeo! I just have a couple nitpicks. PRI stands for Revolutionary INSTITUTIONAL Party, not Industrial. And the PRI ruled Mexico until the year 2000, not 1988.
I think he might be referring to the first victory of the PAN in the state of Baja California (Ernesto Ruffo Appel) but that was 1989
Please make a video about the 1964 military coup in Brasil
There's a really good Mexican film "El Violin" that takes place in the midst of the Dirty War in the Tierra Caliente Guerrero. The protagonist is played by Angel Tavira one of Guerrero's founders of musical 'Sones'.
I highly recommend watching it! You see the brutality of the Mexican govt as well as the revolutionary spirits of peasants through the eyes of a civilian musician .
Thanks bro, I’ll check it out!
It’s both sad…and interesting, that growing up at this time and living in Arizona, I was totally ignorant of these events. Thank you for this video.
Would have been more sad if those guerrillas succeeded and instead of having Mexico, we would have another Cuba or Venezuela.
Thank you for your very perceptive insight.
I feel this vid downplayed the role of the war on drugs in the conflict, from the sixties on areas of countryside would be swept in anti-narcotics operations and casualties labelled 'pushers' or 'traffickers' after execution by armed forces. During the war on drugs crackdowns would up-end distribution networks and violence would skyrocket culminating in the chaos of the nineties and early 2000s when more died south of the border than in Iraq or Afghanistan and different parts of the armed forces fought for different cartels.
my grandpa participated in that war, in the side of the government, he take the life of twenty eight peoples and disable another more like federal officer, he never regret his actions until his death
Fr sounds like q bad person someone who kills innocent people by the orders of someone who’s not even his race is a coward
I live in guerrero state, my granpa told me lucio cabañas was a kidnapper and a thief, like a bad Robin hood, sometimes against inocent people that had a little more money than the poor.
This is so one sided. "Waaaaa! The government won't recognize my terrorist cell as legitimate soldiers"
México never had a right wing oligarchy, PRI was a center left wing party.
A book that tries to give voice to those affected by this dirty war is
"México Armado 1943-1981" is a recopilation of stories and testimonies of what happened during this lapse of time with the uprising social movementa
México necesita ser educado con unas 5 bombas atómicas porque los terremotos NO han hecho nada en la conciencia de sus ciudadanos
🤨🤨
The PRI was like today's United Russia Party.
Thank you for sharing this!
There's a name that is key to understand the Dirty War "Fernando Gutierrez Barrios"
The Amazon Series "Un extraño enemigo" shows the dirty war
Not everything pictured there's 100% accurate but it helps when you're trying to know what happened
whats about other commie side crimes against humanity ? are you sure that you can use term POW here ?
Thank you for making this video. Even among those of us who are interested in the history of the dirty wars in Latin America, Mexico's dirty war is often neglected
The war was dirty from both sides. The guerrillas kidnapped and killed people too.
But the lesser of the two evils was the government, Mexico is way better than Cuba (what those guerrillas wanted to become).
As a Mexican that actually grew up in Mexico I can see that outsiders have a lot of bias into what actually goes on in Mexico. A lot of the information presented in this video is very erroneous. Outsiders looking into Mexico from their bubbles will never truly understand what goes on in the country. Not to the same level that Mexicans will. Or maybe they understand perfectly but just want to push a certain narrative. 🤔
Enlighten us then
@@senpaisanchoyt5225 We dont have provinces, we have states, "narcotics" as he said has only been a major issue since the late 90s, not prior to that like he implied in the beginning. We are not a backyard, if we were the US would have a better control of their southern border, but they dont given how they are always complaining about how easy it is to cross it.
Obvio¡ cabeza hueca¡ nosotros no podemos entender el pensamiento de secesionísmo del sur de los EU, o si?
@@senpaisanchoyt5225 First of all it's the "Institutional Revolutionary Party" NOT the "Industrial Revolutionary Party". Second of all poor peasant farmers prospered a lot under PRI. They implemented systems in place such as Procampo, Konasupo, Ejidos, Becas, dispensas and free education to even the most remote areas. Third of all there was no "civil war lasting 14" years. It was isolated student led protests that occurred sporadically. Fourth of all while the PRI may have been corrupt they were by no means a dictatorship and Mexico has had free and fair elections since the days of the revolution. It was the poorer and rural Mexicans that supported PRI. I know this because my family used to be enslaved before the revolution and we've been PRI supporters for decades. We also come from a long line of farmers. I mean, when the PRI lost power in 2000 they did so fair square under a free election. If they were truly the dictatorship that everyone says they were then there would've been a coup to take them from power. Even the U.S had an attempted coup yet no one calls the Republican party a dictatorship. There wasn't a coup when PRI lost. They even lost the last election in 2018 to MORENA and there was a peaceful transfer of power then too. Calling PRI a dictatorship is a way for the outside to keep the Mexican people down for the choices we make in our own country. For us PRI was the product of the revolution and that's why we kept them in power for so long. They have their faults sure but since they left things really went to shit after PAN and MORENA took over. I say all of this from personal experience and not from something I read in a book or saw in a poorly researched UA-cam documentary.
Sheesh, if the information in this video is THAT wrong then you really have to wonder about the quality of content on their other videos. Or maybe Mexico is a special case where only Mexicans are the ones that truly understand what is going on in our own country.
@@gelasiodecaravantes9361 Si, yo vivo en los dos lados de la frontera. En mi opinion es más facil para un Mexicano entender a EEUU que un gringo entienda a Mexico, wey.
A bit disappointed about the video. Cold War politics were relevant but not the core aspects that explain the conflict here. Painting the PRI as being almost a US puppet is utterly wrong. Painting it as a Righ-Wing party is also utterly wrong. The PRI rose as a left wing party with Cardenas, but mainly it was a true coalition party between leading sectors of Mexican society that wanted peace after the Mexican Revolution (and after almost 100 years of non stop conflict after Mexicos Independence, with the brief interlude of Porfirio Diaz Dictatorship). The PRI had both right-wing and left-wing sectors, liberals, socialists, and many fascists (especially before the 40s). That was what made PRI stable as a political regime. Representatives of all relevant sectors were included. And all of them enjoyed economic and political rents (Syndicate leaders and Businessmen cartels, Northerners and Southerners. Urban dwellers and Rural dwellers). Mexican Guerillas were limited to fringe groups in poorer southern regions for the most part. And later to young college students who were more idealistic and had not been coopted by the system. That is what matters the most in explaining the Mexican Dirty War. Cold War politics were tangential to the core problems.
He’s right tho they there puppets.. republicans and democrats are the same in other countries they use different names
They left wings of course they will have a bias
I find problematic that you deem the PRI as right wing. Though their actual praxis could be disputed, the Mexican government claimed to represent the Mexican Revolution, with ideas of social justice and land reform that no one could doubt as left wing. The proof of this was that the government accused the guerrillas of being part of reactionary political movements as well as having Communist influence (paradoxical but not a purely right wing talking point).
Also many historians ignore the kidnappings, bombings and murders inflicted by the guerrillas in both city and countryside. The government reaction was brutal but hardly unmotivated
PRI was a classic ex of the socialist/corporate state with total control of all institutions. Actual free enterprise was prevented, except at the smallest level. While I was living in summer of 1969 in rural Hidalgo State a nearby village had not voted for the PRI, and then all of their fields were burned down
Socialist state? If you think socialism is when the government does stuff/ higher taxes you're not very attuned to it
How was it socialist???
@@g1g4_ch4d7 the leaders typically had a 'socialist' ideology (the state should control the means of production), but they allow corps to exist but regulated by the state. Also, leaders take a cut of the business and get rich
@@johnl5316 you don’t need to be be socialist to nationalize one’s resources though??
@@g1g4_ch4d7 people gave their own definitions, obviously.. Mexico did nationalize all the oil and minerals. The government owns, or used to, all the newsprint (they would refuse to sell newsprint to periodicals that irritated them). The gov used the police to shut down political opposition.
It's nice that you are covering a somewhat obscure conflict, but I feel it's presented somewhat unbalanced. Too much attention was focused on what the PRI did but not what the guerillas did, the PRI was horrible but the guerillas were not "good" either. They kidnapped and killed civilians, charged extortion money and many became druglords. The state of Guerrero is still one of the poorest and most dangerous in the country due in part to groups linked to those guerillas commiting a lot of crime. "
Im Mexican but this war I didn’t know about it until now thank you sir you’re an awesome teacher!
This is the main reason Mexicans lost the right to have weapons. There was an ambush the military and the police had against students in a restaurant, the students were being massacred by the government forces, but some students with 22 pistols managed to kill 6 soldiers. This brought stricter gun laws in Mexico.
@@Miguel-iv5ft you are correct, but we still have to ask a lot of permission from the government. Defeating the main reason we had that right.
Fr you have any more stories? Someone told me at that time they would take young men by force from guerrero to fight lucio en la Sierra a lot of them didn’t come back no one wanted to be a soldier to the point they had to take young men away from there home by force and made them soldiers
@@gallo4796 not really, I didn’t live through that time.
Thanks for covering this. Not enough attention is given to these events
Also interestingly, the PRI in many ways is actually a left-leaning party (at least certain factions I suppose). Not only does it have "revolutionary" in its name and was created in the aftermath of the Mexican Revolution, it is also a member of the Socialist International and it was the party that gave asylum to Leon Trotsky after he was kicked out of the USSR.
The PRI is whatever it needs to be to win power quite frankly.
You could say that the last left wing leader of the pri was Lázaro Cárdenas. After him, the pri has been a right wing party, especially in the 80's with the neoliberalism. But ultimately, as one answer said, the pri is whatever it needs to be to win
Any revolution that succeeds inevitably becomes the reactionary oppressor it replaced.
@@obsidianjane4413 Certain (usually bad) elements of the previous regime, yes. And typically a lot worse than said previous regime.
@@coldwar45 Yes, in the 60's Lopez Mateos and Echeverria called themselves "Communists", but were also CIA Agents and actively suppresed Left-leaning movements.
You butchered the word "GUERRILLA" so bad I had no clue what you were talking about until the 3rd time you said it.
No way the PRI was a right-wing party. Actually, it's a member of the international socialist.
Mexico under the PRI was even the first country to give international recognition to the Cuban revolutionary government.
Plus, those guerrillas wanted to install a government way more tyrannical than the PRI itself, just look at their methods and the way they admired the Cuban Revolution.
The Dirty War never ended.
You should look at the cables between members of the US State Department and the US Embassy in Mexico. "LITEMPO" is the CIA codeword
Yow guys. Joma Sison, founder of the CPP-NPA-NDF, just died.
Hope you could make a video about them.
1968 Mexico City massacre
Isn't there still a rebel group operating in southern Mexico untill this day?
Yes but EZLN isn't really a threat to the government and they've been good in keeping Chiapas clean from drug cartels
I had a rough idea of this stuff from Narcos Mexico
Ironic how after everything the Mexican Army did, it is now considered one of the most trusted institutions by the people in the country.
no they are not, they are killers and rapist, thats why acutal president put them in charge of everything giving them more power and all that crap is getting covered under the national security BS
. mexa here.
@@pantoleon desde que te diriges a ti mismo como "mexa" pierdes tu nacionalidad como mexicano, deseguro eres pocho, y aunque te duela, el ejercito y la armada son las instituciones mas queridas por el grueso de la población, chairos y gente normal por igual, ambos los aman, los unicos que los odian son los traumaditos de tlatelolco
Not really, that’s the marines
That's not true, it's the Marine Corps that's one of the most trusted if even the only trusted institution. That's why a lot of people who wanna be in the Mexican Armed Forces wanna join the Marines and as well as Marines being used a lot to fight drug cartels
@@DeepThinker_6597 LOL we all know that the mexican generals are the true narco boss, like the general cienfuegos, only amlo the other biggest narco boss rescue him from usa.
We will never forget the humiliations that the United States has inflicted on us.
mexico has had 11 civil wars in 200 years......i'm thinking this is mostly your own fault for not having an electoral college
@@patrickdunning6886 mexico is a mostly white country. by law it's illegal to be black or dark skinned there in the constitution.....but they still blame us somehow for their own internal failures
@@007kingifrit Curiously, many of those conflicts were sponsored by the United States.
@@margarettoellieniellieni5087 no they weren't you tool. you just wish they were.
more importantly if it is that easy to sponsor civil wars in your country....then YOUR COUNTRY has a problem
@@patrickdunning6886 they hate America with a passion.. the same guys commenting on this video be on their spanish mexican news channels hating on America 24/7 on the comment section .. and sounds like they live in the states since they speak good english
Yes we call them chairos, unfortunately now we got a chairo president and things are moving worse than ever.
Funny thing: the current president wants to have that power.
My aunt told me that when she was a student in the late 1970s in Ensenada's UABC university there was a student coup against foreign (specialy american) teachers and carried out by a (possibly) communist anti-imperialist group. She told me that after the coup, the teachers were replaced by the oldest grade students and the quality of the institution declined. A short time after, the governor of the province and the mayor sent the army to expell them from the university and restore the damage they caused. Before the coup, the university was a prestigious institution (that's what my aunt told me) and after that, it wasn't the same until long after the event ended.
Thank you for this video , which is quite accurate about those years. I would just like to point out that the PRI is the ' Partido Revolucionario Institucional ' - " Institutional Revolutionary Party ".
Min 12.31 the picture is from Argentina, i soppose from the times of the "military junta". You can track the image to Argentina by the plate of the truck and the inscription in the truck´s door. "(poli)cia fereral argentina". As always thank you for a great video and investigation.
*suppose
Dice claramente "across in America"🙄
The description of this conflict sounds to be slanted to be pro-communist.
3:15 INDUSTRIAL revolutionary party????
you should over pronounicate every word instead of certain ones lol!!!
Its institutional revolutionary party not industrial revolutionary party
Thank you so much for this content. Even in law school this sort of content is extremely barren, and its notable because most of the current Human Rights Law treaties and conventions that are binding in Mexico trace their roots to the Dirty War. The existence of the Internal Normative System of Indigenous self-governance was born this way, the 2006 APPO rebellion/Oaxaca Commune was inspired by the PdlP, the Zapatistas and the EPR attacked the government after the Army massacred multiple indigenous civilians in many towns (Aguas Blancas and Acteal Massacres), and most importantly of all, one disappearance would end up being brought before the Inter-American Court (think of the Supreme Court but instead of exercising authority over a country it has actual binding authority over the entirety of Latin America) that would force Mexico to radically reform the Constitution to allow for human rights laws to be enforceable on Mexican soil.
So thanks to Radilla Pacheco v. Mexico, the state implemented a reform to the Constitution forcing international treaties to be basically on par and have the same legal authority as the Constitution itself, which has been a slow but improving situation, even despite funding and institutional setbacks.
So much happened in those decades that still resonate today. The face of Lucio Cabañas helped transform the national teachers union into a mass left movement, going so far as to rebel against the government in the 2006 Commune, the 2016 Nochixtlan Massacre, and even now. This also was the reason why the Ayotzinapa mass disappearances happened too. Since the Army and police are distrustful of activists and teachers in the first place, and because of their role in collaborating with drug cartels in the area, they were instrumental in carrying out the disappearances of the students themselves.
The previously mentioned EPR is still active here in Oaxaca, enough that parts of the countryside are still living under martial law, especially the Southern Sierra region of Loxicha.
And im sorry for the long comment, its just not everyday this sort of history is even discussed, much less when in the context of politics and government or law, since most of the members of the currently ruling Morena party are former members of the PRI, including the President himself, which is why its not even close to convenient for them to bash the PRI and expose their deeds during the war (and I say this as a card-holding member of the Party), theyre so anticommunist they even omit the name and deeds of Lazaro Cardenas from Party records because the man was an avowed Socialist himself.
My very own special opinion in La guerra sucia is that all of the rural and urban guerrillas failed to accomplished their goals (Besides from the EZLN movement in the 90s) because they had little to no support of the general mexican public. And let me explain why.
In 60s and 70s the political opression was brutal, and that's what made the urban guerrillas to be created. A lot of survivors of Tlatelolco and Halconazo massacres joined the urban guerrillas as la Liga 23 de S. or La Liga Espartaco. But that's not the point.
The working class in the 70s were born between 30s and 40s, which was a very particular time. Lázaro Cardenas and subsequent presidents had finally stabillized the country after a bloody civil war (Our very particular social-democratic revolution) in 1910s and a feeling of progress was being achieved. At the time, Our revolution seemed succesful and ideologically speaking, the country was in the middle of two doctrines, the statized economy and industry and a soft introduction of free markets.
Soooooo, to the general public (The middle class, generally responsible for creating revolutions) another armed revolution would only destroy what 30 years stabilization created. Also was the fact that PRI had chosen a side in the bigger scenario (Along the USA).
Particullary speaking of urban guerrillas, they were infested by DFS officials (Mexican CIA at that time) and they were poorly structured. This caused massive failed plans and that the mexican elite used this group indirectly to strike political rivals (Search for Garza Sada's murder, caused by a failed kidnapping, who was the greatest bussinessman at that time, killed by la Liga, instrumentalized by the mexican president Luis echeverría, who knew a year prior the failed kidnapping was going to happen and did nothing). Also was the fact that the guerrilleros hoped that the working class joined the movement, but sadly didn't.
Speaking of rural guerrillas, sadly, in Mexico's deep country, inequality has always been a thing, from the mayan rebellion against the yucatan peninsula landlords, to the greatest mexican revolutionary Zapata, a fight against the evil men in México's country is still fought today.
La guerra sucia showed the repressive, unequal and violent political system that Mexico had those days, and helped to the downfall of PRI at 1994.
I wonder if any dirty Sanchez’s were given in this dirty war
All my life I heard of Lucio Cabañas armed movement but it was until a few months ago when I heard the testimony of a government soldier when I realized how intense the whole thing actually was.
What testimony ? Suppedly back then the army would recruit people by force.. there came a time where no would dare to go in the woods cabanas and his men had killed a lot of soldiers.. cia gave the order to go after him..
But, the victims of cartels are far more numerous. 35,000 people per year. We can't blame pri for this.
We can blame them too, as the left the CIA operate here and give money and weapons to the cartel
Just one correction the PRI isn’t a right wing party it is a left wing party
I grew up Mexico In the late 90s early 2000. I was seein the death of what the old socialist ways that worked. The more I learn the more in common Mexico has with the USSR. I do miss the Mexico i grew up in.
the USSR worked? then why is it gone?
Socialism is cancer
@@JorgeRodriguez-mr8nz absolutely Mexico has always been a cancerous socialist state.
Now you got to do farc and eln in Colombia.
ay, dios mio. Que complicado!
@@TheColdWarTV that is the fun part about it
Very interesting, you should do one about the last Argentinian Dictatorship
Interesting, they called it Operation Condor... like the Condor Legion.
The P.R.I. is the Institutional Revolutionary Party. This was established in the early 1920s, on the conclusion of their Revolution, a ten-year civil war. Later in the 1920s, devout Catholics rose against as guerillas against the Left-leaning government. They supported the Left in the Spanish Civil War. Mexico was an Allied Power in the 2d War. Peace has been elusive there, more or less since Independence in 1821. I worked in a Vegas casino restaurant, a retired Mexican sergeant was not to well liked, I could discern with my rough Spanish. There was a "Zapatista" guerilla movement in the 1980s-'90s.
Interesting video. Just some notes; PRI means Institutional (not Industrial) Revolutionary Party. It's formally a center-left political party, not a right wing, yeah it become a technocrat party with time, even turning into a neoliberal one in the 80's. And being a member of the Socialist International. Yeah, 1988 was a turning point on PRI political dominance, but it retained power until losing complete control of the congress in 1994 and then the presidency in 2000.
It's being called neoliberal by its adversaries. I'm not sure they ever defined themselves as such or even would fit the criteria. Neoliberalism would be to split and sell government monopolies to manny businesses and have them compete for clients. Under Salina's we had oligatchism where the monopolies were not abolished but handed to cronies. That is not liberal in any way.
Also our president blamed the rape and murder of an 8 year old girl on neoliberalism....
@@sdb2885 It has been called a lot of thing by their adversaries. During Calles government (when the PRI was the PNR) was even labeled as a soviet style communist party. And right now it's labeled as a right wing by the left.
Yeah, the party (and its government) changed over time, becoming some sort of social market economy and then to a neoliberal party at its final form.
Now, by neoliberal, I'm talking about the kind of policies the government started to get aligned officially, of course those policies were defined also by a great level of corruption once they were implemented.
At the end, it was more a a crony capitalism than anything else, bute never changing it's formal political position as a left wing party. Even nowadays they are still being part of the Socialist International.
Sounds like democrats and sleepy joe
The 1968 Mexico City protest saw more than 5000 'disappeared' and buried outside of Mexico City, in the desert. My sources are three witnesses to the event. One was a police officer there and his friend. They both resigned after the second event. The second was a Doctor In Training and her sister who were nursing victims in secret. Los halcones were terrible commandos.
I knew the first gentleman and his friend briefly in the '90s, as he was a nightclub worker. The second landed up being my dentist. Her sister was a friend who ran an internet cafe I used. All of the lived in Tijuana while I lived there, off and on, from 1985 to 2015.
Vazquez was allegedly assassinated by the government.
All of these people voluntarily gave me the information, over time. The dentist dragged victims into a shop and was technically required to report all injured to the police. Since no 'official' treatment was done, no reports were filed.
When the POLICE STATION was transferred, the old station was bulldozed in the middle of the night, while groups worked at turning it into a museum. This surprised everyone in Tijuana, as some noted that something was inside, never meant to be seen again.
Unrelated to Mexico City events, but interesting as this happened in the '90s.
Thanks
"...Industrial???..." So comical.
Institutional.... not industrial
What's crazy is that the PRI party where left leaning.
Excellent video 📹
'..mass disappeared students '
The Halconazo (5:54) is the background of Cuarón's movie Roma, with Cleo's boyfriend being part of Los Halcones
One thing I'm surprised is not mentioned here is the Liga 23 de Septiembre's involvement in the death of Eugenio Garza Sada
This was when firearms were greatly restricted in Mexico.
Pistol packen |}eaners plus Tequila = someone is a has|}eaner
No point when they were against CIA sponsored war criminals, and today Mexican military trained Narcos. You can’t win against money and powerful POSs
Still salty about it