Indonesian G30S Coup: the Fall of Sukarno and the Rise of Suharto
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- Опубліковано 4 лис 2024
- Our historical documentary series on the history of the Cold War continues with another video on the history of Indonesia, as we discuss the G30S coup also known as the 30 September Movement that lead to the fall of Sukarno and rise of Suharto
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On that topic, the Cold War, can you please make a video on Indonesia's Chinese diaspora population, as well as how their lives were impacted under the governments of both Sukarno and Suharto. I assure you that your viewers and subscribers would definitely be interested in that topic.
your vlog is really a western propaganda. Please let me know the reason the USA gave away 9% shares of Freeport McMoran and 1% of Indonesia in 1969 before Freeport took back those 9% share and gave away to Indonesia in 1998, considering:
1. Soeharto was the head of Indonesia army
2. Soeharto was the chairman of Golkar, the biggest party in Indonesia parliament, DPR. DPR made laws
3. Soeharto was the Indonesia president who has minitries up to head of village who run all laws and his executive orders.
Freeport earned billion dollars in net profit, what is the effect of those shares to the 3 points above.
Westerners have stabbed Indonesia from the back such as manipulated USD from 1 USD = Rp 7.5 into 1 USD = Rp 16,800 when soros came in due to Indonesia has lots of natural resources. By manipulating USD, the Freeport McMoran and other USA companies in Indonesia have reduced its obligations to pay their employees by 99.99% while their exports are in USD. Besides, what was the reason why the USA gave away 9% shares to Suharto in 1969?
I think the theories on the September 30th movement should be discussed in a separate episode. There are many crazy twists and turns about it and what happened and responsibility that it should be deeper analyzed. Also there's the likely chance Suharto knew that the movement was going to happen weeks in advance.
agree, as an Indonesian, I really can't just trust whatever written about this history in our history books, too many twists and turns about it, especially what was Suharto doing during that night
Suharto just an opportunist, the movement is purely done by loyal Sukarno followers and communists. Because Army high command opposed communist programs, especially arming millions of farmers and labors.
dont forget when this happen indonesia was at war with malaysia, singapore, australia, british, new zealand in borneo... indonesia at that time state in emergency internal conflict and external conflict.. and this was key momentum for CIA interve in indoneisa
Hopefully the role of the CIA is elaborated (along with Suharto's rule) in a later video
Said the ex G30S officer after released from jail after Suharto was toppled.
Yeah right.
Thanks for covering this, the events of G30S is significant for Indonesians during the purges and well into the end of the new order regime and afterwards, being portrayed in state-sponsored films and as a national holiday. It is etched in the collective memory of Indonesia, as a contentious part of discourse. Victims of the purges were intergenerational, often the sons and daughters of men accused of affiliation with the PKI faced refusal from social benefits, higher education, and jobs under the new order, and simply discussing this topic is taboo for many, sometimes violent. It's all too common for people to be unrightfully accused to be communists, so an honest and nuanced discussion is REALLY appreciated. I'm gonna leave with an anecdote that i think fits this well;
"1975. Aku masih belum tahu apa maksudnya di ijazahku nama Bapak tidak perlu dicantumkan. Aku masih belum paham kenapa rupanya kalau ijazahku memakai nama Bapak sebagai orang tuaku. Kenapa aku mesti dianggap anak yatim-piatu. Kenapa bapak dan Simbok mesti dianggap meninggal dunia. Dan kenapa mesti meninggal dunia sebelum tahun 1965 di Jawa. Waktu itu aku belum tahu. Dan aku memang tidak perlu tahu. Waktu itu aku baru saja lulus dari SD di kampungku."
-Soedarno, October 2000
His prospects in life in education was denied when his SUPERSEMAR scholarship, something i find tragically common while reading books written by people discussing the era of 1965.
Please let me know the reason the USA gave away 9% shares of Freeport McMoran and 1% of Indonesia in 1969 before Freeport took back those 9% share and gave away to Indonesia in 1998, considering:
1. Soeharto was the head of Indonesia army
2. Soeharto was the chairman of Golkar, the biggest party in Indonesia parliament, DPR. DPR made laws
3. Soeharto was the Indonesia president who has minitries up to head of village who run all laws and his executive orders.
Freeport earned billion dollars in net profit, what is the effect of those shares to the 3 points above.
Westerners have stabbed Indonesia from the back such as manipulated USD from 1 USD = Rp 7.5 into 1 USD = Rp 16,800 when soros came in due to Indonesia has lots of natural resources. By manipulating USD, the Freeport McMoran and other USA companies in Indonesia have reduced its obligations to pay their employees by 99.99% while their exports are in USD. Besides, what was the reason why the USA gave away 9% shares to Suharto in 1969?
"Blood is RED General."
"It's best not to shower, General"
"Java is The KEY"
@@AtimSilihSupriyanto "At least let me change my clothes first!."
@@arya31ful "there is no need to do that General"
"This sickle is a blunt sickle general..."
As an Indonesian, thank you for creating this video. This is a important topic for Indonesian conspiracy theory and a yearly internet meme in Indonesia, especially in September 😂
This is high quality effort deserving of more recognition
Finally, someone covered one of the most bizarre and mysterious coups in Indonesia history. Keep up the good work 👍
The most interesting small detail about this whole affair to me is how Benedict Anderson, one of the author of the Cornell Paper, went to be famous for something entirely different.
Heck, most people who knew his works wouldn't know his research into the Indonesian political upheaval. Most know him as the author of the critically acclaimed book Imagined Communities.
Im travelling Indonesia right now and was really interested in this, so perfect timing
Let me guess , Bali, or Java ?
@@marhaenthemchannelreupload1344 Java, Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores
Oh yeah my friend, for me, from the Philippines, I wish to travel Indonesia next year to meet some Indonesian friends and I learned Indonesian Language on my own using Duolingo app 😊😊
Wow me, maybe next year or so to visit Indonesia because I love this country so much 😊😊
if you visiting any sites that refferencing this event, just take a grain of salt because it's still debatable on the mastermind of the event
I always find it hilarious that the Soviet Union and China claimed to be anti-imperialist.
Even funnier the tankies that until TODAY see them as somewhat a force of anti-imperialism, whilst denying Chinese and Russian settler colonialism and genocides.
30 September movement was a rather desperate move by Indonesian communist party, they already made enemies years prior in the form of the Nationalist, The Army, and the Religious parties ( both the Muslims and Christian Parties) and Sukarno, their patron due to his ideological leanings, already shows that his age are numbered.
Their first move is to advocate the government to form " Angkatan ke 5" which are basically the 5th armed service following The Army, Navy, Air Force and Police Force, their stated goal is to form additional fighting force against "Neocolinialism and Imperialism" of the west, in reality, this is their effort to turn their masses into a hard power fighting force, the Army and literally everyone are against this of course, but without this "Angkatan ke 5" they know that their days are numbered once Sukarno dies.
When this plan failed, that's when they plan 30th September movement, a move against their most ardent opposition in the army and the framing of them as " General Council" that they accused of planning a coup against the Government.
Personally, i am against Communism as an Ideology and Indonesian communist party in particular, this is the group that supports useless Konfrontasi, Indonesia's diplomatic isolation by getting out of UN and Indonesia's dangerously close ties to Peking and Pyongyang, in their " Endless Revolution" they very much cause far more harm to the Republic.
Yet, there is no justification for the arbitrary killings of one million people that are being accused as members of communist party and their sympathizers, the arrest or elimination of their politburos and any regio al leaders should have been enough to destroy Indonesian communist party as a whole.
And yeah, after 1965, Indonesia is no longer the same country, because it would be a far better country, roughly 30 years of 7% annual economic growth, political stability, drastic increase in Indonesia's quality of life, mandatory schooling, elemination of illiteracy, and a stable and sane foreign diplomacy is infinitely better than any " endless revolution" that PKI promise, suharto regime would eventually outlive it's use, but that's the topic for another day.
Great explanation !.
Not just that, after Suharto came to power, relations between Indonesia and Malaysia became friendly once again, since the 30th September coup was what ended the 1963 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation (locally known as Konfrontasi). Plus, both Indonesia and Malaysia would later become founding members of ASEAN, which occurred during the Suharto era.
dont forget when this happen indonesia was at war with malaysia, singapore, australia, british, new zealand aliancy in borneo
This. New order was corrupt but I shuddered to think if the other side got the power back in the day. We might end up like Cambodia. Or vietnam some say, yet what price to pay?
TQ David
Can you talk about borneo confrontation?
It's one of the event that many indonesian leftist and online communist refuse to talk because the whole war was their idea.
ua-cam.com/video/k0l2Iz2lvao/v-deo.htmlsi=eiWU9mmVW_DDXS6x
there was a previous episode on the Konfrontasi.
1. as an Indonesian I would say this,
"the situation, condition and the outcome was too good to be true to be called a coincidence for Soeharto's rose to power"
2. that "Harian Rakjat" is supposed to be read as "Harian Rakyat", it's written in pre-1972 spelling
Interesting. Lest we forget.
Thank you, i'm waiting for this for so long
I would highly recommend The Act Of Killing, a film which uses the perpetrators to create a reenactment of the mass executions of accused communists in Indonesia. A great depiction of the horrifying ordeal!
Thank you very much for covering our history ❤❤.
This topic is still controversial among the Indonesian peoples and many things are not even known the clearly about that event.
Not only that, if you say the wrong thing about this topic, this can still get you in deep *hit. Just look at the documentary "The Act of Killing" and the controversy surrounding it.
30 September movement was a rather desperate move by Indonesian communist party, they already made enemies years prior in the form of the Nationalist, The Army, and the Religious parties ( both the Muslims and Christian Parties) and Sukarno, their patron due to his ideological leanings, already shows that his age are numbered.
Their first move is to advocate the government to form " Angkatan ke 5" which are basically the 5th armed service following The Army, Navy, Air Force and Police Force, their stated goal is to form additional fighting force against "Neocolinialism and Imperialism" of the west, in reality, this is their effort to turn their masses into a hard power fighting force, the Army and literally everyone are against this of course, but without this "Angkatan ke 5" they know that their days are numbered once Sukarno dies.
When this plan failed, that's when they plan 30th September movement, a move against their most ardent opposition in the army and the framing of them as " General Council" that they accused of planning a coup against the Government.
Personally, i am against Communism as an Ideology and Indonesian communist party in particular, this is the group that supports useless Konfrontasi, Indonesia's diplomatic isolation by getting out of UN and Indonesia's dangerously close ties to Peking and Pyongyang, in their " Endless Revolution" they very much cause far more harm to the Republic.
Yet, there is no justification for the arbitrary killings of one million people that are being accused as members of communist party and their sympathizers, the arrest or elimination of their politburos and any regio al leaders should have been enough to destroy Indonesian communist party as a whole.
My personal opinion is that there was indeed some sort of plan existing for Right Wing Military Coup prior to G3OS Coup attempt. The idea that the repression and slaughter afterwards just sort of happened strikes me as absurd. However this does not mean such a coup was inevitable or that it had widespread support within the Armed Forces, even among Right Wing commanders. Just that some sort of planning took place, which included liquidating the Communists and others.
Given that Indonesian society was highly fractured, and elements of the Army divided against each other and thinking the worst. It makes sense that both sides would make some sort of plan to eliminate their enemies and remove threats to them. Probably the members of G3OS movement were convinced they had to move to eliminate their enemies before they eliminate them and no doubt similar feeling existed on the other side. The G3OS movement was, however, far more advanced in planning their coup. And it is known that some Western Nations like the U.S.A. did in fact want the Communists crushed and were encouraging elements of the Indonesian military to do just that.
This was a powder keg situation and the G3OS Coup with it's stupid atrocities provided a prefect justification for the vastly greater genocidal killings that followed by the Indonesian military and it's supporters. In fact this justification was so good that many thought the G3OS Coup was in fact a Black Flag operation by Right Wing elements of the Indonesian Military. This is bluntly extremely unlikely. The Brutal murder of the Generals doesn't fit the Black Flag operation idea.
As it is what happened afterwards was just insane.
One needs to understand that "kidnapping" was a such common act among the proponents of 45. Sukarno - Hatta were once kidnapped (The Rengasdengklok incident), Sjahrir was kidnapped, and the list goes on. The kidnapping only becomes a big problem once the victim ended up dying as happened in this G30S movement. The army might have understood and sided with Bung Karno had the generals were alived and well but once they found out all the victims had died all the bets were off, after all who can guarantee they wont be the target next time?
Now regarding the slavghter of communists and massess, there had been horizontal conflicts across Indonesia before 30th Sep. The Communists were hardliners, never afraid to force people into accepting their values and most of their actions was endorsed by Sukarno. So when the G30S movement happened, their opposite groups saw it as momentum for revenge.
@@harukrentz435 cases of "Aksi sepihak"
Wonderful historical coverage video and incredible introduction...thanks
"Sir, the president wants you to meet in the palace"
Looking forward to the next episode in this series. Also, as stated in my comment in the previous video, I hope you do a deep dive into Mao's famine and the causes that led to it.
Very cool video, I've been waiting for The Cold War TV to make video about the 30th September Movement which played major role in Indonesia History, especially regarding it's policy during the cold war era... Thank You very much for making this video, really love it
Please let me know the reason the USA gave away 9% shares of Freeport McMoran and 1% of Indonesia in 1969 before Freeport took back those 9% share and gave away to Indonesia in 1998, considering:
1. Soeharto was the head of Indonesia army
2. Soeharto was the chairman of Golkar, the biggest party in Indonesia parliament, DPR. DPR made laws
3. Soeharto was the Indonesia president who has minitries up to head of village who run all laws and his executive orders.
Freeport earned billion dollars in net profit, what is the effect of those shares to the 3 points above.
Westerners have stabbed Indonesia from the back such as manipulated USD from 1 USD = Rp 7.5 into 1 USD = Rp 16,800 when soros came in due to Indonesia has lots of natural resources. By manipulating USD, the Freeport McMoran and other USA companies in Indonesia have reduced its obligations to pay their employees by 99.99% while their exports are in USD. Besides, what was the reason why the USA gave away 9% shares to Suharto in 1969?
David our friend pls make a video about Marcos era Philippines during cold war I am begging on you
Now Marcos Jr
This is a very nice video to introduced a chapter in Indonesia's history that have significant impact to this day. But is the most mysterious if you dig into it.
I have several notes that I want to add after watching the videos:
3:22 You said the Air Force initiate strong procurement ties with the Soviet Union. This is a simplification as all branches of Indonesian army used Soviet equipment, including the army (in fact RPKAD, the Indonesian Special Forces that carry out post G30S cleanup mission used AK47 rifles from Soviet).
In general Indonesian army prefers to used Western equipment, as suggest by Yani Mission in early 1960s for preparation of Western New Guinea campaign (or known TRIKORA in Indonesia). Because various reason such as refusal for being used again fellow NATO members and payment. Then they turn to the Soviet Union who is more than happy to supply Indonesian (another myth is that Soviet give this for free, while in reality, the Indonesian take a loan that only being paid off in 1999).
But it is correct to say Air Force is left leaning, officially the head of Air Force Air Marshal Omar Dani is Sukarno loyalist and their attitude towards PKI is ambivalent at best. They see PKI as counter balance to Army rather than true allies.
3:26 You said commander of Presidential Guard is a communist sympathizer. Not sure if you meant Lt. Col Untung the leader of G30S or Brig. Gen Sabur which is the actual commander of the whole unit. Untung was a battalion commander in Presidential Guard and not the whole regiment. As far as I know Brig. Gen Sabur was not a communist sympathizer, although he was imprisoned like many of Presidential Guard members that was closed to Sukarno although they are not involved in G30S.
Just like to add as well that while Untung took a battalion, the rest of the unit had unaware of Untung's action. In fact he told his own unit that their mission is to saved Sukarno from purported General Council coup so most of them had no clear idea on what G30S was. Untung battalion also dealt with outer layer of protection. For personal bodyguard, Sukarno has its own specialized unit of Presidential Guard called Detasemen Kawal Pribadi or Personal Guard Detachment.
4:08 There is mention of General Council or Dewan Djendral, you present it as a fact while there is a debate on existence of General Council, officially the Army (through Suharto) maintained that there is no such thing and that people were mistaken by existence of Wandjakti - Dewan Kepangkatan dan Djabatan Tinggi or Ranks and High Office Council that determined promotions within the army.
There are however rumors tapes of General Council meeting that lists future cabinet members after supposed coup that was unveiled by BPI, Indonesian intelligence agency at that time. But beyond supposed eyewitness who heard the tapes, there are no physical evidence.
There are also testimony that Sukarno once asked General Yani about General Council and Yani said that he knows about it and ask Sukarno not to worry because he has it under control. Whether or not General Council exists is still debatable.
4:22 I think the statement is a bit vague, officially the training was for Konfrontasi volunteer that includes the Nasakom element in which PKI send several of their cadres in response for Sukarno's call. The training itself was hijacked by Major Soejono, commander of Air Force's Base Defense Force and member of G30S that organized arms and base for the plotters. So the training isn't part of systematic communist preparation.
7:09 I think you miss the other participant, 530 Battalion Diponegoro dan 454 Battalion Brawijaya, which coincidentally both are part of Kostrad. There is also troops from 1st Brigade of Djaja Sakti Battalion from Jakarta. The presence of militia was highlighted by Brig Gen. Supardjo because he was stationed in Kalimantan and he did not attend G30S meeting and he was told that he would get more troops and even armored vehicles. So he described the militias as "auxiliary element" rather than an actual forces.
7:56 According to Police Commissioner Mangil, Sukarno private adjutant, move to Halim is accordance to protocol for President to have an access to presidential plane in emergency situation. In fact in Halim, Supardjo met Sukarno to report on his movement. When Sukarno heard it, he asked the G30S plotter to immediately stop their movement and G30S plotters actually comply. Sukarno also declined to support G30S which demoralizing the plotters.
8:50 I think you miss the point that in the same announcement the G30S plotters mentioned their key goal is to protect Sukarno from General Council supposed coup. So they did not list Sukarno as a member of the Revolutionary Council because the council claimed to serve under his name and they claimed that the Dwikora Cabinet is defunct and the council will take over before appointing new cabinet. Another note is that many of the names announced in Revolutionary Council were never consulted. In fact one of the supposed head, Lt. Col Heru Atmodjo from Air Force claimed that his name were inserted without his consent and his title is written wrong, suggesting the people who compile it is a civilian.
9:32 This became a debate whether Suharto had an advanced knowledge. One of the G30S plotters Col. Abdul Latief visited Suharto in hospital because his son Tommy was injured by hot soup and being hospitalized. Latief previously served under Suharto and considered close to him as they attend each other son's rite of passage. Latief claimed he was there to inform Suharto of G30S in which Suharto is nodded. While Suharto claimed Latief was sent to kill him but backed out.
10:18 Sukarno never asked Suharto to came to Halim, what happened is that he asked all branches of the armed forces to report to him. When knowing that army lost his leader. Sukarno appointed Maj. Gen Pranoto Reksosamudro. But he failed to show up at Halim nor the head of Jakarta Military District Commander because Suharto forbade them to met. Instead, the reason why Sukarno left is that Suharto plan to capture the base and inform Sukarno's adjutant Bambang Widjanarko (which later gave many wild accusations that is largely discredited) asking Sukarno to left the base.
10:38 Beside being told that they were in fact "being used" another reason 530 Battalion rejoined Kostrad is that they arrived in Jakarta without logistic as the plotters didn't prepare anything. Many of them were starving and Suharto's men offered meals and this is considered as one of the key reason. Only 2 regiments of 454 Battalion that refused to surrender and move to Halim.
12:49 I think based on evidence it's clearly that most of the PKI leadership had no idea of the G30S. It seems that it's an "adventurism" started by DN Aidit and his Special Bureau, as supported by Sakirman, one of PKI central committee member and ironically, older brother of S. Parman, one of the general that was killed in G30S.
In his self criticism he stated that the rest of politburo had no idea of G30S. Based on essay that was written by Supardjo, the only link between PKI and the plotters are Sjam, which is head of Special Bureau. He noted that the plan seems to be authored by civilians who had no idea how to run a military operation and the fact that the plotters rely to much on Sukarno support. When the plans faltered, they don't have back up plan either.
I disagreed on your statement that these are the forces that plotters rely on since they are considered as auxiliary force. Supardjo clearly stated he was counting on forces that supposedly being promised by other plotters including armored vehicles that turned out to be non existent. Even the kidnapping isn't well prepared as they have minimal intelligence resulting in the forces actually lost on their way to find the houses and Nasution adjutant being mistaken as him.
14:42 I think by now Cornell Paper is an obsolete theory since it was made (as the name suggest preliminary analysis) using limited sources available and the fact that plotters testimony contradict the claims on those paper. PKI might have huge masses, but the army is well organized and armed. Beside that in rural area, religious forces, not just Islam but Christian and even Hindu in Bali for example is against PKI and the combination of those proved to be deadly in 65-66 killings.
In the end G30S is still shrouded in mysteries, and probably won't be answered soon.
Very insightful giving more objective facts and context.
Just one fact that then KOSTRAD had NO force and its HQ was only small "house" near monas square. The then RPKAD/army special forces was the only forces that can be mobilised by Suharto since Commander of the army (Menpangad) was missing and Suharto always represented when Menpangad was not available. The two Battalions (Dipnegoro and Brawijaya) that happened in monas square refused Suharto leadership. only in 4th October Siliwangi battalian arrived in Jakarta to help RPKAD. the rest is only history
Not just that, after Suharto came to power, relations between Indonesia and Malaysia became friendly once again, since the 30th September coup was what ended the 1963 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation (locally known as Konfrontasi). Plus, both Indonesia and Malaysia would later become founding members of ASEAN, which occurred during the Suharto era.
Also, the Cold War, can you please make a video on Indonesia's Chinese diaspora population, as well as how their lives were impacted under the governments of both Sukarno and Suharto. I assure you that your viewers and subscribers would definitely be interested in that topic.
Under sukaro regime we (Chinese diaspora and/or descendant) thrives because we are equally indonesian but under suharto regime we are oppressed to the bone especially who lives on Jakarta, we are being monitored heavily that the terms wall could also hear literally means it
Agree. After the G30S the Chinese population are badly oppressed by the Suharto regime and the Islamists, and it blew over during the "Kerusuhan Mei" that caused the downfall of Suharto. Even today, the tension never really disappeared.
Good point you made on ASEAN, which Indonesia played a major role.
Long story short, most of ASEAN including its later members have no special love for CCP but neither do they want to be used as a battering ram against CCP for a mini-WW3.
The Asian NATO advocates seem to think just because ASEAN partly has its origins as an Indonesian Club of Red-haters, ASEAN will follow the neo-con NATO directive.
The in-depth origins of ASEAN is something which the CCP-hating Asian NATO advocates just do not get it.
@@ramadhanisme7 Interacted with some of these Indonesians during the Suharto era. The impact of Suharto-ism on their mentality was definitely there.
In simple terms, those I knew of tend to be cynical and calculative. Not exactly the type of people that could make good friends.
For them, the mindset of daily survival was a reality, even among those who appeared to be somewhat well-off.
@@tkm238-d4r well yeah obviously because we (I'm myself is a descendant despite losing my marga name thanks to suharto era) have to face the bitter harsh condition twice (once for me in 98 tragedy) that our lives could be trampled by the majority despite we haven't done anything wrong to them
But now we at least have a better preposition, if anything PIK area is somewhat a safe haven to us (no persecution, no racial based hatred, no extremist religion ormas, even no tukang parkir 😅) so we can continue our life peacefully there
Sir, you've been summoned by the president
Give me a minute, i have to take shower
No need to take shower
The September 30, 1965 Movement was a dark history for Indonesia, which at that time had only been independent for 20 years because there were Anglo Saxon interests, especially the US and England, in this tragedy.
Please let me know the reason the USA gave away 9% shares of Freeport McMoran and 1% of Indonesia in 1969 before Freeport took back those 9% share and gave away to Indonesia in 1998, considering:
1. Soeharto was the head of Indonesia army
2. Soeharto was the chairman of Golkar, the biggest party in Indonesia parliament, DPR. DPR made laws
3. Soeharto was the Indonesia president who has minitries up to head of village who run all laws and his executive orders.
Freeport earned billion dollars in net profit, what is the effect of those shares to the 3 points above.
Westerners have stabbed Indonesia from the back such as manipulated USD from 1 USD = Rp 7.5 into 1 USD = Rp 16,800 when soros came in due to Indonesia has lots of natural resources. By manipulating USD, the Freeport McMoran and other USA companies in Indonesia have reduced its obligations to pay their employees by 99.99% while their exports are in USD. Besides, what was the reason why the USA gave away 9% shares to Suharto in 1969?
From the assessments I've read the PKI was in it up to its neck. The main evidence against their institutional involvement comes from their own leadership who had obvious motives to deny it.
Curious you mention the British being hostile to Indonesia. Relations between the two countries were always pretty good except when Indonesia got involved in Borneo and tried to prevent the agreed decolonisation plan. Even then the UK was careful to limit direct conflict to the territory of Malaysia.
Gonna be a FUN comment section.....
My only minor gripe is characterization of the Confrontation with Malaysia, now independent from the UK, as ‘anti imperialist’. It was an attempt to undermine or even bring down a sovereign government. Who happened to have defence agreements with the UK/Commonwealth.
So began a 4 year confrontation, which roundly defeated these attacks and forced them to disengage. Without one bomb being dropped from an aircraft.
Barely known of even in the UK, despite its success. It was somewhat low key.
@@grahambuckerfield4640 the confrontation had never actually happened as the army didnt really want to fight the british and america forces. Sukarno was delusional at that time and should have stepped down in the 63.
@@grahambuckerfield4640though this confrontation is a half cause, because ABRI dan Angkatan darat isn't having optimistic view nor benefit to fight the British
Particulary if its making Indonesia got dragged to a larger conflict like Vietnam.
*Based Indonesia* 🇮🇩😎
“The defendant will stop referring to the announcement of each of his war crimes as ‘based’ or he will be held in contempt of this court”
The mere fact that Indonesia until now remained as a united nation, even if flawed with corruption, is something that's very based indeed.
'I took my wife on holiday to Indonesia'
'Jakarta?'
'No, we went on an aeroplane'
Ferdinand Edralin Marcos rule in the Philippines is long overdue, especially when his son has been the president since 2022.
Next talking about the rise of Malaysian 4th Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad during the final Cold War
in the 60s, the US (read the CIA) had a two-pronged objective in Indonesia. First, they wanted to suppress any socialist movements or revolutions, particularly against the backdrop of the growing influence of the Indonesian Communist Party in the country's political landscape. Second, they sought to gain control over the world's largest gold mine in West Papua, which eventually came under the control of Freeport McMoRan, facilitated by the US-backed Soeharto regime. (note: even Soekarno didn't know the information about the gold mine).
Some Indonesian continue to engage in debates whether the mass killings of approximately five hundreds thousands to one million people - who had nothing to do with the killing of the Army Generals and were accused of being affiliated with the Communist Party - were justified, while ignoring the bigger picture: the US managed to 'steal' the world's largest gold mine in West Papua.
that is pure Capitalism 101 - It doesn't care about you, ordinary people. Colonialism is the early stage of Capitalism. Devide Et Impera, divide and conquer is still an effective tool to this day.
Imperialism is the highest stage of Capitalism - Lenin.
After 1965, Indonesia has never been the same.
What about the confrontation?
30 September movement was a rather desperate move by Indonesian communist party, they already made enemies years prior in the form of the Nationalist, The Army, and the Religious parties ( both the Muslims and Christian Parties) and Sukarno, their patron due to his ideological leanings, already shows that his age are numbered.
Their first move is to advocate the government to form " Angkatan ke 5" which are basically the 5th armed service following The Army, Navy, Air Force and Police Force, their stated goal is to form additional fighting force against "Neocolinialism and Imperialism" of the west, in reality, this is their effort to turn their masses into a hard power fighting force, the Army and literally everyone are against this of course, but without this "Angkatan ke 5" they know that their days are numbered once Sukarno dies.
When this plan failed, that's when they plan 30th September movement, a move against their most ardent opposition in the army and the framing of them as " General Council" that they accused of planning a coup against the Government.
Personally, i am against Communism as an Ideology and Indonesian communist party in particular, this is the group that supports useless Konfrontasi, Indonesia's diplomatic isolation by getting out of UN and Indonesia's dangerously close ties to Peking and Pyongyang, in their " Endless Revolution" they very much cause far more harm to the Republic.
Yet, there is no justification for the arbitrary killings of one million people that are being accused as members of communist party and their sympathizers, the arrest or elimination of their politburos and any regio al leaders should have been enough to destroy Indonesian communist party as a whole.
And yeah, after 1965, Indonesia is no longer the same country, because it would be a far better country, roughly 30 years of 7% annual economic growth, political stability, drastic increase in Indonesia's quality of life and a stable and sane foreign diplomacy is infinitely better than any " endless revolution" that PKI promise.
Also, Jesus, y'all overrate Grasberg mine too much, it is a big mine, but it is not a super duper ultra big mine that everyone would target, especially now as the Indonesian Government already control 51% of the mine shares.
@@bhaashatepe5234 Only communists would quote Lenin.
@@briantarigan7685fake news
@@briantarigan7685 Its you who underrate the value of precious natural resource. Of course big countries will get in line to get it when they know it's still vacant and untouched by anybody else. And it's not just gold, same thing happens to oil, uranium, cobalt, etc. The 51% control only happens lately under Jokowi's administration while for years since 1969 til the 51% acquisition we've lost a lot to an american private company.
The economic growth is only a joke because not everyone from Sabang to Merauke felt it, besides the president and many of his officials in the government were corrupt, that's one of the reason why after 1998 economic crisis indonesian economy couldn't recover.
For the "political stability" part, it was achieved by silencing critics like from journalists, and repression of groups that is deemed as "not nationalistic" or "anti pancasila" especially religious groups which explains why religious extremist and terrorist in indonesia always target the pancasila principles, because the pancasila always being used as a tool for quelling dissent rather than as principles that binds the people together and live in just, humane and prosperous society (as it was designed to be).
Indonesia's independence in 1945
I always have to laugh when people talk about the Indonesian 'communists', simply because I've never met an Indonesian atheist. Sukarno appeased these so-called 'communists' because their ideology seemed to represent 'gotong royong' better than any other group had been able to, and they were the only force that was able to mobilise the masses and help create the solidarity needed to build the much needed social and civic infrastructure in a hurry after independence. The Indonesian Communist party was once the 2nd largest in the world!
Not unlike during the post 9-11 Islamic wave, the elites went along with it because they knew the masses had to be placated for things to remain woven together. Sukarno managed to amalgamate this sentiment within an international framework of non-allignment. Quite the feat of statecraft!
Internationally, Kennedy seemed to have trusted Sukarno. But his adversaries didn't, and once Kennedy was dealt with they had free reign. A slew of economic sanctions and diplomatic stonewalling ensued. It wrecked an already fragile economy after an increasingly paranoid Sukarno confronted his Western patrons at the UN, and, within a short time, made the mistake of kicking out all the Americans, British, and Dutch who had been running the major enterprises until then. The early 60's were a very bleak time in Indonesia.
However, the Indonesian elites nonetheless still kept propping up the communists. This finally changed when their leader Aidit suddenly started calling for the redistribution of land. This was a bridge too far for the land-owning classes. Within a very short time the tide changed, and the 'communists' were dealt with.
I think a lof of people (including Indonesians) downplayed how this event affect Indonesia's political landscape and identity. Which often boils down to "Commies bad and we stopped them".
The purge that followed this event not only eradicated left-wing politics but reshaped the nation's political identity.
Today, with no significant left-wing parties, Indonesian elections focus more on personality than policy, often hinging on superficial differences. The real governance comes down to balancing oligarchic influences with campaign promises, a direct result of the political void left by the purge
*BASED INDONESIA* 🇮🇩✌😎
Meanwhile in the Philippines, when Sukarno overthrew and Suharto rises, President Ferdinand Marcos, Sr. elected as President of the Philippines in 1965 and at the time, infrastructure in the Philippines have built during his first term such as N1 or Maharlika Hi-way and others 😊😊
Just a month before September 30, ASEAN was founded in August 8,1967 with Indonesia and the Philippines as a founding members 😊😊
With Suharto becoming President of Indonesia, the relationship with Marcos began until 1986 even Martial Law 😊😊
Trivia:New Society of Marcos and New Order of Suharto are the same analogy 😊😊
Among the heroes of the September 30 Movement was General Ahmad Yani who executed by the movement and Yani became National Hero of Indonesia and has an airport in Semarang and roads named after him 😊😊
"Sir, you must meet president"
I didn't watch it all because it was so violent but one of the most difficult documentary to watch for me was the documentary The Act of Killing from a decade ago. This time in Indonesia was messed up.
Thanks for explaining. Me Gen Z knows no shit about my country's own history..
You flip images so fast it’s nauseating. Too bad because I like your content typically
Back with a bang ... After a long time
Another good study on the 30 September coup attempt is John Roosa's Pretext for Mass Murder which suggests that the PKI and sympathetic army officers collaborated to kill right-wing generals who were accused of plotting to overthrow Sukarno. The Western powers were more concerned about eliminating Communists then human rights at the time.
Within the context of the Cold War and the post-Cold War, human rights did not necessarily applied to those who were deemed as strategic competitors. In this context, it was a case of Reds and Pro-Reds being viewed as sub-humans and therefore not entitled to human rights.
The 30th September movement was a very complex event. Many Indonesians see it according to Soeharto's narrative that was propagated through his propaganda movie published in 1984.
Many Indonesians staunchly believe that whatever is portrayed in that movie is "the truth".
However, recently, it was revealed that there was a foreign intervention, especially from Britain.
There's also a finding that most of the murdered generals were those who court-martialed Soeharto in the late 1950s for corruption. Soeharto's military career would have ended had it not for Ahmad Yani's intervention.
The stark economic difference between the generals and soldiers also played a part in fueling the sadistic treatment of the generals.
And it was highly questionable why Soeharto wasn't on the hit list, considering how strategic his position was in the Army.
A bit correction. It was more commonly called as Gestapu (Gerakan September Tiga Puluh). Yeah, it sounds almost similar to the infamous secret police of the Nazi regime. The reason was to make the movement sounds evil like Gestapo. You have to give credit to Suharto regime for that sick dark joke 😉
This video is very similar to what official statements dictated, but the real event was far more complicated than that. Since almost all the actors involved are now dead, I guess we will never know what exactly happened that day except the fact that those Generals were killed.
*Reads title* Those names sound so similar that I'm expecting them to be practically the same just for a different side.
I think myself the most good theory is that one of the reason some members is Oblivious what happened prior to thr G30S is that it was occured in the mids of Sino-Soviet Split. See, Aidit was pretty close with Beijing by 65' ,which mean Indonesia is having a closer relationship with the Beijing rather than Moscow.
This show a particulary unique condition. For one, theres three communist / marxist Organisation in Indonesia : PKI, murba, and Akoma. Murba was PKI's Rival, And Akoma was Trotskyist Organisation.
During this time if i can theorize, Many of PKI members we're having a split as well, Since some maybe are a Pro Moscow Marxist, while People like Aidit tend to lean closer towards Maoist Beijing.
It could be Argued that during this time, When Angkatan Darat and Angkatan Udara having a split, PKI have its own split inside that didnt get into surface.
Another thing i can propose is that its a Jakartan Centric Plot. PKI's communication was maybe slow back then, Since both PKI and ABRI was racing towards establish its own secret network.
For instance, One of the scene in movie pengkhianatan G30S PKI, a indonesian Propaganda movie from 1985 , Show a civilian discuss a Coup Possibility. Wait, What? Its just a civilian, Whats my point?
Well, Suharto and Kostrad did also Establish their own Network of Informant like PKI with their Biro Chusus or BC. This Network spread to civillian affairs too like villages and small town.
Now im just rambling, but i believe that because of the split and poor communication, It led this movement to being just Jakarta/Jaca Centric Coup. Remember waht Aidit said folks "Jawa Adlaah Kunci" "java is the key".Java holds all Important Military Asset, The Capital, And the state Revenue.
Java is also, PKI's Homeground, Which mean half of Java particulary Central and Eastern Java was full of PKI loyalist. Unlike West Java that is still prettu conservative even after DI TII is defeated.
I didnt and forever will not believe its a CIA plot. At this time, CIA is pretty much busy with Vietnam. And MI6's hand is tied back in Malaysia and Brunei, Alongside that Rhodesia was having its own internal affair.
Oh did i forget to mention Cyprus? Yeah thats too.
A Suharto Planned plot is also a joke, since, yes it Benefits him , but also that wouldn't make sense since they are his Allies, all Seven of them are his allies against PKI.
Though, There's a story where Untung visit Suharto, Telling what's will come but with some subtlety to it.
Suharto brush it off.
Sukarno too.
Overall im just a High School student that was obsessed with this time and 1998 because of TNO and other cold war AU.
But AS always i make schizo theory later
haha, this is interesting.. because CIA behind the case 🤫🤫🤭
Why would the cia made a failed coup that killed prominent anti communist generals ?
No, Not really. Its still debatable. Since, there was indeed a split in Angkatan Darat, between Nasution and Yani. Yani was a loyalist, Not like Nasution.
But to put it simply, Both Right and Left is just doing a power grab.
And if even its Planned by CIA, keep in mind Gilchrist Document is still widespread issue, the Document reference a Local army friend.
If this referencing Dewan Jendral, It was stupid action since it mean killing their own ally.
all right man, your argument is situation of year 1960'' (Ahmad Yani have been support Soekarno to backing operation "Ganyang Malaysia and/or Irian Jaya", with lobbying USA and Soviet. Then Nasution like we know about he survive from G30S/PKI). Yes Sure About the Gilchrist Document is false document from agent Czechoslovakia.... But For Me CIA behind the case is Consensus PT FreePort to sign at 7 April 1967, not even 2 months after Suharto became the official President of Indonesia..
sukarno was left out drop out by america since cold war ends he had no used to the anymore
He ruled too long... power corrupts.... his first years indo was great...
@eddyr1041 yup and his dictatorship will end and it did
You are typo, you maybe want to mention Suharto who drove out by US after cold war end
@eddyr1041 his regime will end once the cold war ends it did
yes, when cold war ended, every western power betraying him by sided for Timor Leste, and complicating the Aceh Conflict
The Bell button demands a sacrifice!
How long before the USA descends to this way of doing politics?
Yes it is so tempting to bash CIA and Soeharto. The fact is that this incident bring peace to the region ever since. Sukarno was a very volatile person and he was close to becoming an eastern Gaddafi.
You may say how about the 1975 invasion of East Timor however please note that if Sukarno were still around in 75 he would have led the Indonesia invasion anyway.
agree.. Vietnam War would be a child joke comparing what will happened in Indonesia if the Communist had an Army for themselves (5th branch)
Bring peace by the death of millions innocent lives? Smh 🤦♂️🤦♂️🤦♂️
Sukarno himself has realised his reign is about to end due to his health and he stated that ahmad yani will become his successor, g30s is a really nasty tragedy that cia even use this method all over the world during the cold war
@@ramadhanisme7 because this is the first time the West had a total victory againts Communism without even deploying a single troop in Indonesia, this is why the West using "Jakarta Method" for planning a war againts Communist, it's also work well in some Southern Americas
@@FirlirikiTempotujuh Good point that you made. It was also partly due to the Jakarta method that the human rights preaching West had very little problem with how various SEA countries treated their ethnic Chinese populations.
Across a sizable part of SEA, ethnic Chinese were not even highly significant in various pro-left-wing movements.
The facts were known but that had little impact on Western right-wingers who associated left-wing-ism with ethnic Chinese.
As far as I recalled, the MSM avoided labelling Suharto a dictator until after he was no longer in charge, sometimes the label was only applied after his passing.
Such is the extent of Western gratitude to Suharto. As of 2024, the West is also not quite worried about his military background son-in-law as President.
Whenever you find yourself on the same side as the CIA, you’re almost certainly on the wrong side of history
oh, a sissy commie boi, are you?
Better than the KGB.
@@alphamikeomega5728 well, the KGB didn't help the Soeharto regime in the killing of over a million Indonesians.
@@bhaashatepe5234that million people supported confrontation,how about that?
Sometimes for all the wrong reasons 😂
September 30 Movement was a coup supported either way by PKI, but their downfall started when these rebels kidnapped and murdered several Indonesian Army's high-ranking officers, save for the main targets.
And the Lubang Buaya incident involving PKI and Gerwanis disrespecting the captured and murdered Indonesian Army officers, alongside open PKI support for the coup sealed their fates.
Hatred of the two-thirds of the NaSaKom which was the Army and Islamic parts that was part of the government exploded into violence. All because PKI overstepped their balance, displacing the other parts of the balance Sukarno wanted, and antagonising them openly.
And the massacres and retaliatory attacks exploded, Sukarno was thrown outta his high horse and Suharto took over. All because G30S did the coup and PKI supporting them, thinking it was the right thing and the last thing, that was the Lubang Buaya, ended PKI as an existence.
"The Communists were doing well electorally, so had no incentive to take absolute power" is sure the dumbest apologist take possible. You only have to ignore like dozens of communist revolutions.
Like what?
Indonesia also is imperialism,
Some Island's didn't want to become part of Indonesian Republic some want there own independents
Yes. Soekarno was delusional
Lets see Maluku had former KNIL soldiers whom had declared successsion from Indonesia despite earlier agreements in 1923 and 1945 to join Indonesia. In 1945, Madura the Dutch set up a puppet royalist state with a pro collaborate dutch king despite the majority being Indonesian. In 1950 APRA members of Dutch East Indies special forces attempted to overthrow the Central Government led by Westerling whom the Dutch allowed to escape persecution. Again in 1950 former East Indonesia attempted to succeed in Makassar despite majority wanting to join. Again in 1950-1963 Dutch occupied West Papua despite the people earlier in 1923 agreed and swear the oath to be Indonesian and join Indonesia and again 1963 West Papuan join the resistance against the Dutch to join Indonesia.
If anything sir your supporting the imperialist agenda
@@zharifmuhammad5585so you'd rather wish to live Dutch rule then?
Which island? Also everyone saw what happen to TL after independence and said nope.
@@harukrentz435 the Papuans, Aceh and East Timor. the Papuans wanted to rule themselves, not become part of Indonesia.
Aceh was occupied by the Netherlands in the early 1900s, and even after the departure of the Netherlands, it did not want to be part of Indonesia, the Aceh even fought on in the 1990s.
East Timor became independent after Portugal left the part of the island in 1975. and not much later Indonesia came and occupied East Timor itself as part of Indonesia
Only around 2002 did East Timor become independent again
Typical airforce lefties lmaoo