Mongolia: From Soviet Satellite to Democracy
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- Опубліковано 3 тра 2024
- Our historical documentary series on the history of the Cold War continues with a video in on the history of Mongolia during the period, as it had to maneuver between the USSR and China as the two split ideologically, politically and militarily, and how it transformed from a Soviet satellite to a democracy.
How did Mongolia Survive Between Stalin's USSR and Mao's China? • How did Mongolia Survi...
Taiwan Under the Kuomintang Dictatorship: • Taiwan Under the Kuomi...
What Happened to the German and Japanese POWs?: • What Happened to the G...
Operation Paperclip: • Operation Paperclip - ...
German Expulsions: • German Expulsions Afte...
Soviet Education System: • Soviet Education Syste...
How Khrushchev Fed the Soviet People: • How Khrushchev Fed the...
Novocherkassk Massacre 1962: • Novocherkassk Massacre...
Soviet Tourism: • Soviet Tourism: How di...
Soviet Passport System: New Serfdom or Reform?: • Soviet Passport System...
Kaliningrad: How Russia Got a Stronghold in Europe: • Kaliningrad: How Russi...
How the Soviets Won the Early Space Race: • How the Soviets Won th...
Soviet Television and Radio: • Soviet Television and ...
Top-5 Myths About the Soviet Union: • Top-5 Myths About the ...
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#ColdWar #USSR #Mongolia #sovietunion #China #PRC
Sources:
Riccardo Mario Cucciolla, “Legitimation Through Self-Victimization: The Uzbek Cotton Affair and its Repression Narrative,” Cahiers du Monde Russe, Vol.58, No.4 (2017)
Gregory Gleason, “Fealty and Loyalty: Informal Authority Structures in Soviet Asia,” Soviet Studies, Vol.43, No.4 (1991)
Riccardo Mario Cucciolla, “Sharaf Rashidov and the international dimensions of Soviet Uzbekistan,” Central Asian Survey, Vol.39, No.2 (2020)
William A. Clark, “Crime and Punishment in Soviet Officialdom, 1965-90,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol.45, No.2 (1993)
Derek Edward Peterson, “When a Pound Weighed a Ton: The Cotton Scandal and Uzbek National Consciousness,” Ohio State University, Thesis (2013)
Neil Melvin, Uzbekistan: Transition to Authoritarianism on the Silk Road (Harwood Academic, 2000)
Lindt, Margarita, “How cotton led to the collapse of the Soviet Union,” Russia Beyond (2017), www.rbth.com/arts/history/201...
mytashkent.uz/2008/09/23/hlop...
NASA, earthobservatory.nasa.gov/wor...
Sources:
Rossabi, Morris, Modern Mongolia: From Khans to Commissars to Capitalists (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005)
tile.loc.gov/storage-services...
thediplomat.com/2021/12/the-f...
Sanders, Alan J.K. Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017)
Atwood, Christopher P. Encyclopaedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire (New York: Facts on File, 2004)
www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/q...
www.nytimes.com/1991/04/23/ob...
the fact that they actually achieved and maintained democracy is nothing short of amazing
Eh, it is probably one of the most dis functional democracy out there.
@@MM22966 Lmfao, both of them are major crooks. Elbegdorj is currently wanted in Mongolia for siphoning money off of the government coal deals since the Peaceful Revolution. Same with Battulga, he even named his company “Jenko” named after a dude from the Godfather series. They are a legitimate mafia. The Democratic party in Mongolia is a major shit show.
@@MM22966 Wikipedia is not a good source of information. Battulga also squashed any opposition, and even tried to get rid of the Mongolian People’s Republic, citing them as a “threat to democracy.” Dude is a major hypocrite.
Yeah there is no democracy here, only two political parties that don’t do anything while plutocrats control the country
When you're landlocked between Russia and China, any semblance of democracy is amazing.
I hope you make more videos on individual Soviet Republics. I learnt so much with your videos on O'zbekiston and Georgia!
As a Russian guy, who now lives in Mongolia, it was interesting to listen to Mongolians history from “western” perspective, thanks
amjilt!
To David and the entire Cold War crew,
It would mean a lot to me if you made videos on these following topics:
- Argentina during the rule of Juan Peron (and how his political and economic legacies still affect Argentina to this day)
- Thailand's on-and-off military governments and lese-majeste laws (which still occur even after the end of the Cold War)
- Gastarbeiters (foreign migrant workers) in both West and East Germany (as well as their descendants who have remained in Germany)
- Bantustans (black homelands) in Apartheid-era South Africa
- The history of Quebec's Quiet Revolution (and how it led to the secularisation of Quebec's society and government)
- The history of Macau during the Cold War and how it contrasts with Hong Kong's Cold War history
Thank you very much and please accept my requests.
Also economic system of dirgism in india
Never been this early comrades. Like to skip the long bread line!
You have never seen the milk line.
When this happened the country wasn't even communist anymore. Gorbachov basically made the USSR capitalist
I went to the mutton line first!
@@MiriBeniiyou should see my milkshake line.
@@bobs_toys My parents would actually wake up at 4 am to put a bottle on the milk line to reserve it so that I and my sister could have some milk. I was 8 years old when communism fell in 1991 in Albania, I remember the milk line, the gas line, bread was half a kg a day.
2:25-2:45 repeats itself twice
And a picture of Choibolsan is shown mistakenly at 3:41
I served in Peace Corps Mongolia from 2014-2016 and it was interesting how much the country is embracing a free market democratic society
Sadly only economic aspects and even then in a pretty limited fashion. State still increasing its grip on economy, you see some unfinished road with budget of few mil. USD, thats where the government is at.
The youth like me who grew up in at least somewhat democratic country more or less support democracy. But large percentage of boomers who grew up in soviet era still support Soviet style authoritarianism. Like arresting people with no evidence, naming the opposition enemy spies etc.
In recent years police arrests of journalists, assasinations, state control of public busineses etc. are increasing. Partially thanks to Russian Propaganda and pro Russian sh.tstains that seem to never die off
Free market with low results....lots of corruption, Gdp Inner Mongolia is 23 times higher than that of Outer Mongolia
@@VirtualnomadVirtualnomad
If you want democracy in Mongolia then you should support state control over the economy in combination with universal suffrage.
@@VirtualnomadVirtualnomad我是一个中国人，这几天在蒙古旅游，所见所闻有很大的感受，首先它的经济蓬勃发展，拥堵的交通和繁荣的商业就是最好的证明。此外年轻人很多，他们接受的完全是西方模式的教育，思想非常开放并且十分具有活力。但是另一方面，如阁下所说它有一个腐败的政府，而且贫富差距很大，环境恶化也许也是一个问题，但总体上我对蒙古的未来还是比较看好的。
i have no choice but to press the only bell button for it has eliminated all other bell buttons which have the potential to be pressed...
That's what happens in a cult of bellonality.
There is NO bell button if you use visit youtube on the web on a phone. 😕
@@astrodoopsthere's all the bell button you need.
Fascinating topic and great Video. Thank you very much
Mongolia! 🇲🇳
Jingles I've been here many years, but I think this is the best video you've ever done
Another great video. 👍
Thx for this very informative video. The reference to awarding itself another medal was great.
Informative topic and wonderful historical coverage work about people of Mongolian 🇲🇳 Republic. (Free thinking ,Free speaking,democratic elections🗳 amongst competitive political groups beneath poorness increases, economic chaotic ,and ultra greedy oligarchs formation ) ,. Thanks for sharing
Thank you for talking about a Cold War gem, that general schooling fails to inform us on. History is truly a mix of black, white, gray, and among other variations.
I know yall pobably wont see this, but i love the little pun outros based on the episode you do for every vid.
That bell button has seen some things, man...
Interesting.
Who the (insert your choice of sentence enhancer here) needs TV, when you've got The Cold War? 🤨🤔
Superb work, as always....👍🏻👌🏻👏🏻
Really loved this video - always great to be taught something completely new.
Of course, there's an even more obscure country which borders Mongolia but practically never gets coverage. Richard Feynman's last quest in 1988.
I noticed a technical issue where captions are turned on but nothing appears on the screen.
What is the background music? I thought it might be Audiomachine.
Thank you for another fascinating video! Mongolia is another country whose modern history I know little about. I might like to visit Mongolia one day.
God be with you out there, everybody. ✝️ :)
nice
Much yes
how are you 12 hours ?
@changingpeopleslivesmoon2993 membership perk with Kings and Generals. Sometimes we get something like this early. If I could afford it I'd be a member across their brother and sister channels
@@Stallion-EC ah i see
@@Stallion-EC thx 4 d info, i will unsubscribe immediately then 👍, kng being a unsufferable shill
@@Emily-ou6lq Its a nice gesture they do. Calm your silliness mate
delighted and humbled to learn that I am decorated as a Hero of the Mongolian Peoples Republic for the tenth consecutive year
Im curious about the picture on the wall in the background. (Top Left)
@@MM22966 almost hate I asked. 😁 But thanks anyway
You should explain why this is, in your words, "ewww"
Hello can You please make a video about Ogaden war please
i like the stability of cadres double take
On my bucket list to visit Mongolia.
@3:35 That is not Tsedenbal. That is Choibalsan
To celebrate their freedom and and democracy, the mongols tear down a lot of Stalin or Lenin' statues and build a local heroes monuments.
Interestingly, one of the new monument that symbolizing the youth rebels against the Soviet regime in Ulaanbataar is The Beatles monument with the apple shape. It located in Beatles Square, Suukhbataar.
There is a hiccup at 2:22, but great video otherwise!
3:20 I could hear you holding back the laugh
Can you talk about the 1963 coup d'etat in Iraq, which removed the leftist government of Abdul Qassim Kareem?
I would love a deep dive in Iraq during the cold war episode.
@@petterbirgersson4489many of the problems that faced Iraq today, including the US invasion of Iraq, can be traced back to the US involvement in Iraq in the 50s and 60s.
Iraq's history during ww2 and the cold war is a mess. There are countless coups
Interesting you mentioned Erdenet and its mining. Erdenet mean "with treasure" in the Mongolian language.
Super interesting. Mongolia is easily overlooked in 20th century history. I do hope some or most of the former Eastern Bloc get their own videos other then their origins
Like how Romania stayed communist but was free to do whatever unlike the other Soviet satellite states
Afghanistan with its on-going back and forth governments including the communist one
Albania from start to finish with its Stalinist leader, Enver Hoxha
Bulgaria that was actually rather peaceful in its final years and that even today some Bulgarians want to go back to the communist way of life
And, another easily overlooked Asian state that also turned communist and still is today, Laos
Hello,
Can you make a video of Indian invasion of Goa ??
It is still a challenge.
What percentage of privatizations have been straight up shake downs of developing economies?
Did any country transition easily from a centrally planned economy to a market economy following the advice of the imf?
None transitioned easily, although many transitioned successfully in the end particularly in the Eastern Bloc (as opposed to the FSU)
Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia
@@Game_Hero absolutely!
🇺🇸
The MPRP (now just the MPP, dropping the "Revolutionary") holds over 80% of the seats in the Mongolian government today.
My father's South Korean friend back in high school is a Presbytarian missionary in Mongolia. Yeah, Mongolia isn't a democracy according to him. Just around 5-9 political families control the whole country and it's not that much of a difference from Mongolia's communist past. Mongolia before communism had been aristocratic families being loyal to the Qing emperors and those families only had connections to the Qing military.
This is Asia that you are talking about. Just because it's a democracy, it doesn't mean that it's a democracy.
说得很好，东亚国家有个共同的特点，就是如果没有外部干涉的话，它们都会变成集权国家😂
I wouldn't call Mongolia a democracy for the simple fact that the Mongolian economy is owned by a small ruling class of business owners. But this is just very familiar to a Western European.
democracy is not economy, it is a political ideology. Capitalism is the word for free market economy.
@@Maryo-wr7tv
The economy is the political. All power comes from ownership.
从贵国大街上无数的奔驰classG和无数的二手丰田puris就可以看出腐败程度
@@Algizia No, it does not.
Jeffrey Sachs is a solid example of how you can fail upward if you lubricate the rails with 💩
Interesting fact:
- polish anti-communist democratical movement Solidarność has supported mongolian democratical transformation
- polish lawyers (prof. Piotr Winczorek) has worked and gave advices to Mongolians during the process of writing their 1992 mongolian constitution, it's very similar to the polish 1992 "constitution law" (transitory constitution).
IMF: The recipe of the disaster
IMF: the end result of countries left bankrupt by socialist/left-wing economic policies.
You mean to tell me that democracy as communism/socialism supposed to require to make the model legitimate ended up being the model's undoing in Mongolia? WOW!
Nah democracy didn’t undo Mongolia
A lack of democracy did
@@Prororo
What lack of democracy? Lack of regime bootlicks who wanted the communist system to stay?
That's because there was no transition to democracy in the first place within many of the Stalinist states. The economy was put in in the hands of a few private owners before the vanguard parties were removed. The only exception to this rule is the DDR which instead had one somewhat democratic election and then abolished itself and joined the oligarchy in the western parts of Germany.
What's a satellite state?
It's considered to be a country that de facto cannot say no to another country that considers it in its "sphere of influence". The countries established by the Nazis and the Soviets as well as the Banana republics of Latin America are exemples of this.
@@Game_Hero Yes. Countries such as Poland, Hungary,Romania, Bulgaria, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and even Yugoslavia. I might have missed a few, but these were all considered Satellites to the USSR
Why professor Jeffrey Sachs, one the most brilliant minds of today's world, is "infamous"?
Aren't they back in power now? 😅😅
at 8.00ish "not considered competitive in the eastern bloc" holy shit that sounds bad
Imagine telling Genghis Khan that one day his nation would beg for the Rus to annex them, only to be turned down multiple times
This looks easy but I bet it was insane back then. Never stop fighting for democracy!
Also, what role did Burger King 👑 play in the spread of American fast food culture during the Cold War?
You missed the mad baron who as a White Russian monarchist who started Mongolian independence. Though short it’s an interesting story.
bruh that was during bolshevik revolution
@@Pazzystar He was a madman still.
A Madman with Madlad dreams
Not enough people seem to talk about how destructive neoliberal "shock therapy" can be on economies and populations..
Well transitioning from a Command by some guy in a Dimlit Room to a practically Anarchic Economic System does that to Countries.
and thanks to greedy few Mongolians, all industries sold and packed to China between 1990-2000 making us basically starting from the scratch, starting from middle age, agricultural industry ffs.
老实地说，中国在贵国所获取的利益也进入了一小部分人的口袋里😢
I hope Republic of (North) Mongolia united with South Mongolia (Colony of People’s Republic of China).
Mongolia with Han citizens )) just like the old days.
Han populations are lowering and Mongolian populations are growing in Inner Mongolia, so maybe one day… 😉
@@rustyshackleford234 doesn't mean much if China assimilate them by restricting the hours devoted at school to Mongolian.
Returning to becoming a Chinese province is much easier 😏
Gdp Inner Mongolia is 23 times higher than that of Outer Mongolia, China's military spending is 2338 times higher than that of Outer Mongolia, Inner Mongolia's local police is stronger than the Outer Mongolia army😉
how close were historic Russian ties to Mongolia? I mean Russia literally fought their civil war on Mongolian soils
as close as Hegel's dialectic's slave owner relationship.
And now they stand VERY still and hope China doesn't notice their free speech and open democracy
don't mention our independence was forced by USA and USSR
As a person who understands Japanese, China seems to have more free speech than Japan these days. This is how extremely incompetent the current Japanese government is.
Does the CCP view Mongolia in the same way as they view Taiwan?
as a mongolian for now they don't but i am still skeptical what they will do if a potential invasion of taiwan succeseds taiwan does have a claim on all of mongolia since they claim all former qing lands
fyi screw china mongolians usually hate china its kinda like ireland and britain if it was also proped up by a foreign power
No.
The government does not. Though some chinese nationalists do.
Lol on the contrary CCP was eager to recognize Mongolia independence in the 40s to get on the good side of the Soviets. It is the Republic of China government that the current Taiwanese government derives its lineage from insisted that Mongolia is still part of China.
No. In fact Taiwan claimed Mongolia as part of their territory up until 2002. Up until 2017 they had a Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission which were the remains of a Chinese colonial rule.
Ugh jeff Sachs. I get flashes of anger at times when I read about the dismantling of the former socialist states with that blasted shock doctrine. I agree with put!n when he says (paraphrased) that the destruction of the ussr was a tragedy, although not for the same reasons. It's not the geopolitical that concerns me, it's the way in which an economy and social system that was relatively equally distributed & set up was jst torn apart & left for those who happened to be in places of power at the time of collapse to hoover up entire factories, mines, oil fields, hell entire industries in their possession. And the ppls wealth and well being disappeared in the blink of an eye in the name of "freedom" & "democracy" but the ppl lost the freedom from stress subsidized health care, housing, education, etc provides and Gained the freedom of debt, homelessness, sickness, despair. So that trade was shite, and to look at the so called democracy they gained, well that was fraudulent from the jump off. The soviet union wasn't supposed to be able to be dissolved without the ppls input, a large majority of whom preferred the union to stay together, just with some reforms, moving it a bit closer to a social democratic west European state rather than the neoliberal nightmare it became. So that's the very first experience with 'democracy.' Then yeltsin starts blasting away at the Duma bc they won't rubber stamp more of his brutal austerity measures bc the ones enacted thus far had disastrous effects already. But he basically coup'ed the govt and pushed all opposition into jail or silence while the west looked on and called him a hero for democracy. What a joke. Truth is there was far too much potential money to be made to allow the ppl to put a stop to it, not now, not after waiting 70 odd years to get inside the curtain. So those who were protesting for a right to democratically decide their fate within the Duma were crushed. This is 'freedom' & 'democracy' russian style. A neoliberal automatic oligarchy. A strong state that no longer interested in equality or working class issues. The worst of both worlds, really.
Why did democratic Mongolia become poor and communist China grow rich? Even when the Mongolian economy recovered, why can't they keep up with the communist system in inner Mongolia? I thought democracy was supposed to make us all rich??
why no one ever invaded united states of murica? it is same reason Mongolia is poorer than its neighbors.
Mongolia Went throught Democratic Capitalism through a non consensual means by quickily privatizing everything while China directly reformed slowly and methodically through 20 Years to become Capitalist.
@@dulguunjargal1199 exactly. Using democracy for economic reform and development is a recipe for disaster
Gdp Inner Mongolia is 23 times higher than that of Outer Mongolia🤫
@@alexhu5491 then why is china is poorer than us of murica given it has 4 times bigger population?
I am proud to say that I am a liberal. 🎉
first
Nuh uh
first loser, yes
🐴
A former teacher of mine went to Mongolia as a Christian missionary right after the collapse of Communism.
According to him, none of the Mongols he met ever liked Communism and they were happy when the Soviets left their country.
I can't help mishearing MPR for NPR, which, given that National Public Radio has been turning into an ever more doctrinaire leftist outlet, is actually rather funny.
we beat communism, now were fighting fascism, Mongols are poorer now than we are richer
No, I'm Mongolian and I kinda prefer the Mongolia right now than the Mongolia 40 Years ago since.... Well we don't live in Dirt Sheds and have to trample people for Food
Please stop pronouncing 'Ulan Bator', it's 'Ulaanbaatar', you should do a little research and listen to how people say it. It's also fondly referred to as 'U.B.' even by locals.
anti communism in every video
Communism earned its condemnation.
@@shauncameron8390 learn history first and then make judgements this is a fairytale not historical materialism
@@panoskatrin4910
I already did. Communism earned its condemnation.
@@panoskatrin4910 communism is a fairy tale, full of magical red daddies that don't take "no" for an answer, for the reality where no one can speak out is grim and suffering by greedy insecure people making a mockery of what Marx envisionned. The most statefull answer to a stateless society.
this more and more look like slander the soviet union channel than a cold war series
I mean, the Soviet Union did the hard carry on creating that “slander”. Despite initial lofty goals, the whole system became a bit of a misery factory early on.
The Soviet Union was actually a really shitty place. It’s not slander if it’s reality.
Well, the Soviet Union earned its slander by its deeds.
@@Johnny-bm7ry maybe in youre perspective, for someone else USA done more bad staff.
@@hatsuhioki9361 a whataboutism is not an argument.
russia is good, nato is worst bro
зайл
@@Pazzystar tonil
According to 2022 data, Inner Mongolia's GDP is 2315.9 billion yuan, while Outer Mongolia's GDP is 104 billion yuan. The population of Outer Mongolia is 3.4 million, with 90% being Kalk Mongolia. The national population is mainly concentrated in the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. Inner Mongolia has a population of 23.96 million, including 4.24 million Horqin Mongolian people. In a country with a population of 3.4 million, there are over 100 political parties that constrain each other on any issue, resulting in nothing being achieved.
Mongolia is my favoret ex socialist country
Mongolia is easily the most boring place on earth