Giles Yeo deserves a round of a applause just for clearly stating the difference between the how and the why of obesity... and then he also gives a great talk in an entertaining and engaging manner. Thank you RI for hosting him.
The last concluding sentences will definitely make all the Struggling Fat/Obese people breath a sigh of relief, after all the bullying they have faced throughout their life. And it sure as hell will provide them the courage to endure through the fight against their biology.
@@fabioooh 56:52 "...obese people are not lazy, they're not morally bereft, they're not bad people. They're FIGHTING THEIR BIOLOGY, okay? They are feeling hungry (I studied it) all the time. This is why they are [paused] the way they are.... THIS IS NOT A MORAL FAILING, Ladies and Gentlemen. IT IS NOT A CHOICE [paused] that we have full control over. Until we understand that, we will never ever fix this obesity problem." That is a very powerful and uplifting message, indeed👏👏👏👏👏. Thank you, Dr. Yeo. Thank you RI for inviting him again and again. I never bored listening to him.
Thnk you Mr. Yeo. After starving and exercising for decades, they talked me into cutting off my stomach, then told me after hundreds of surgeries that I was their first and only failure. Now I suffer from malnutrition, on top of everything else. It's possible that it is mitochondrial and enzymatic, and now, finding your videos, there is a new idea with genetics. People do look and judge, thank you for looking and understanding.
As Dr. Yeo said, you are fighting your biology. Unfortunately, it is a war, consists of daily battles. It is long and exhausting and you might want to give up, but you know you can't give up, because the other side of it is a literal death. Please don't be discouraged and keep looking for help. May God blesses you with strength and courage and take you to the winning side of this war🙏🙏🙏.
another thing that never taken into account is that our ancestors almost universally had intestinal parasites that robbed them of calories making them to want more food those habits are still with some of us
I looked up this question and tried to find a ~5 minute video to give me a quick answer. Tapped on this instead and I’m glad I did, really interesting to watch him dissect this and talk about each small component
Hunger drive and metabolism/the way bodies process the food need to be discussed a lot more. In the developed world we all have enough intake to become fat - even those of us that think we eat healthy and perhaps judge others. Some bodies process and retain that energy in differently. It's not that you're violating the laws of thermodynamics, it's the fact that you're trying to manipulate weight by limiting intake unrealistically and ignoring the mechanisms by which it is stored. This is just a start. I don't think it's reasonable to expect all of us that aren't Usain Bolt to spend our whole lives training to maximise our abilities in running, so why is it reasonable to expect those with a genetic predisposition to over-eating and storing fat to do the equivalent of training like Usain Bolt all our lives, and shame us if we either don't try or fail? It isn't. There is a reason why 90-95% of diets fail.
thank you R I for another real scientist sharing his work with us. Dr Yeo, thank you for enjoyable talk, as neuroscientist in brain control of body-weight has there been any note made of people who’s brain is fully engaged that their hunger is suppressed. I am not referring to short term of few hours, but long period. our information show it is not necessary the task to be complex, but sufficiently mentally interesting to the individual that they become mentally fully involved. These group would be below or not detected by obesity radar as they are lean. for solution to obesity it may be useful to study the lean ones too. MG1
Explain to me why is that brother is a lot slimmer and isn't as heavy when he eats way more than me. I work out like crazy and eat a lot healthier than him and I'm still at least 50 pounds heavier. Not saying I'll give up, but genes are definitely a factor.
Unless your brother is pooping out the majority of what he eats (in which case there is something seriously wrong with him), you're in fact eating much more than him, and don't realize it. There are two factual issues with questions like yours. 1) People who can eat anything they want as much as they want and not gain weight don't exist, or have very serious medical problems where they can't properly digest food and absorb nutrients. They're probably dead, like the people who always feel hungry, a genetic anomaly. 2) You can't extract more calories from food than is in the food. You won't get magically fat from from an ounce of broccoli. You are eating much more than you think you are. Also, don't forget body composition; you may in fact have 50 lbs more muscle than your brother. Well, I doubt it, but it may be proportional. Only accurate way to test it is to measure your body fat percentage, such as with a dexa scan. Food intake is difficult to measure already, it's impossible to measure by observing someone for 30 minutes in a day. If someone saw me eating lunch, they'd marvel how I am not on the 600 lb TV show. But the fact is, I eat 85-90% of my daily calorie intake on lunch. It is usually my only meal of the day, I usually have a snack or two later in the day. The fact is, you have no idea how much your brother eats, notwithstanding whatever he tells you, because even you don't have any idea how much YOU eat. Food diaries are notoriously inaccurate, by, on average, 40%. We lie to ourselves, consciously and otherwise, constantly. Maybe he eats a lot when he's eating with you, maybe he eats a lot on christmas and easter, but you have no complete information about his eating and exercise habits outside that.
@@mariusvanc differences in resting matabalism can also be a factor, not everyone burns calories at the same rate and some people can have a working digestive system and still struggle to gain weight.
Here are the key takeaways from the video: 1. Obesity is heavily influenced by genetics and biology, not just willpower or moral failing. The speaker argues against the notion that obesity is simply a choice that people have full control over. 2. Genes play a major role in determining body weight, hunger levels, food motivation, and where fat is deposited in the body. The genetic influence on BMI is estimated around 70%. 3. Specific genes like leptin, MC4R, and FTO were discussed in detail for their roles in regulating hunger, metabolism, and weight gain/loss. 4. Environmental factors like the modern food environment with omnipresent temptations also contribute significantly to obesity rates increasing over time. 5. People predisposed to obesity feel slightly hungrier all the time (5% more), making it harder to resist food cravings compared to those not genetically predisposed. 6. Understanding the biological drivers of obesity is crucial to effectively addressing the problem, rather than judging or blaming individuals. Obese people are not lazy or morally flawed, but fighting their biology. In essence, the talk highlights the complex genetic and biological factors underlying obesity, countering simplistic notions that it is purely a matter of willpower or personal choices. An understanding and de-stigmatization of the condition is needed to properly tackle the obesity epidemic.
I enjoyed that caloric density info. Consuming cooked mince beef compared with a raw steak, means you will be able to take more energy from the mince beef due to it being cooked, and is easier to digest. But the raw steak makes life difficult for the body to break it down and digest, the body uses calories to break it down..so to lose weight it helps to eat food that stresses your body's ability to consume the various foods, and liquids. Does that make sense? I think so. Diet book coming soon!
Or you could just eat celery and lettuce salad with no oil and remove the caloric risk. Have you tried to eat an entire lettuce for a meal? I find it an interesting weekly experience.
Genetics decides your "lean" for love of food in general, and how bad you feel when yo do not get certain food. Simply put, it is harder for some people to not eat certain "Loved food"...
Cool. I do feel slightly hungry all the time and my partner is always like. If you're hungry think how hungry I must be?! (As a guy with no weight issues). It's tough. Really tough. It's like fighting an addiction everyday. But your poison is everywhere you go (petrol stations, supermarkets, down the street going past cafes) and you have to eat so you can't go cold turkey. No matter what I try I cannot lose weight.
It's definitely an addiction. I've been really overweight all of my life, but only started trying to lose weight relatively recently. I haven't really tried the dieting thing properly, but for me eating reasonable portion sizes of good food that I actually like and doing some activity that actually makes me feel good to do has given me some slow but steady success, at least on the input-vs-output side of things. To my mind, whatever you do, you have to find some pleasure in it. Trying to find new coping mechanisms is the part I'm struggling the most with right now. Comfort eating was/is my only coping mechanism and that can quickly add a bump in the graph haha!
Yes, caffeine is a drug so needing chocolate is a drug addiction, same as with fizzy drinks. Sugar and salt are dopamine triggers which again your brain wants and so is an addiction. The trick is not to diet, it's to eat what and when you want, but to work off more than you eat every day. I have an app that I track the calories and exercise so I know where I am. I found an indoor exercise bike will easily shave those calories off and tone your bottom half. But, you also have to work out the top half and build muscle there too. When you do all that, then you lose weight guaranteed.
What happened between 1984 and 2010 that caused the rise in average body mass? The genetic tendencies didn't suddenly start. Was it the rise of fast food restaurants? A move away from home cooking of basic ingredients & the switch to boxed food in the microwave? The rise of two parents working and so no one specialising in cooking at home? Something else?
I believe the things you mentioned are the reasons and add to that the lack of physical exercise. As he said, you can't change your genes, but within the bracket, you can make healthy choices and beat the bad genes you inherited.
@@1967davidfitness Serious question: how is this the second law? I thought 1st was "can't create, can't destroy" and 2nd was "in a closed system entropy cannot decrease". Isn't that graphic saying "to stay the same weight what goes in must equal what comes out"? He literally says, "You can't magic energy from somewhere and you can't magic the energy away." In other words, cannot create nor destroy. How does the scale graphic and what he says describe anything about entropy? What am I missing?
Dessert Tummy! Thank you for the explanation of why I always crave a sweet after a meal, even when I'm full from the main course. I'll enjoy discussing this tonight with my friends...over dessert 😋
For anyone that doesn't know, medication, specifically atypical antipsychotics, cause HUGE weight gain. They make you hungry 24/7 so even if you start out skinny with a fast metabolism, you will put weight on with those drugs very quickly.
Perhaps GIles should read the latest study from Kings College London who recently undertook a study to explore how the gut processes and distributes fat by assessing 786 individuals from a cohort of twins. Following their analysis of the molecules in the stool samples, they concluded that genetics only partially influenced weight gain, with environmental factors having a far greater bearing. Only 17.9 per cent of processes that took place in the gut could be linked to hereditary factors. On the other hand, 67.7 per cent of the processes in the gut were caused by environmental factors such as an individual’s diet.
But where does your gut microbiome come from and what are its determinants? We're still uncovering this but much of it stems from first exposure to the environment at birth. Thus, there's a difference in risk of obesity b/t c-section and vaginal births. Infants exposed to vaginal bacteria via birth canal are greatly influenced by those bacteria in the development of their digestive system, regardless of diet they adopt later on in life. My point being --> the term "environmental" is more nuanced and can still be explained by biological means (e.g., gut microbiome)
My apologies for missing that detail. I'm still a little hazy on how they reached that conclusion and those percentages. Was there a significant difference in BMI b/t 67.7% of the twins? I'm assuming they analyzed thousands of bacteria-produced metabolites and determined the effects of these molecules but as far as I know, we're still in the beginning phases of uncovering this information, making that conclusion of the study you referenced lackluster. It's just such a new science. Could you forward a link to the study?
Lol, how do you get those numbers? I could eat gras like a cow with a different environment? Everything your body does is "linked" to genetics and environment. A better question perhaps is whether certain alleles are necessary conditions for certain outcomes.
My only question about all of this is that this video does not really why only 30-40 years ago, people's sizes in the USA were not that big. Surely our genes have not become activated by some natural process over the past few decades. Yes, epigenetics and phenotypes matter, but then the factors that trigger the obesity epidemic has more to do with societal and dietary changes, things that people can change and control. It might take a lot of political will and education, but it is not impossible.
12:36 One ought to keep in mind diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. It's not necessarily the subcutaneous, or surface fat, but the visceral one between the organs, which can be quite severe even for someone who is ostensibly thin. Then there's insulin resistance and how sugar intake basically poisons the body, and locks the toxins inside the body in that visceral fat... Nutrition is complicated.
A simple look at people just a few generations ago, should make it fairly obvious that obesity isn't genetic, because there were very few obese people back then, in the days before processed junk food. It is only since people stop eating whole foods and started gorging themselves on junk food that obesity has become such a major problem.
@@mellie4174 Ah, so your anecdote trumps data on the rise of obesity since the 1980s when the diet guidelines (the food pyramid) was introduced? Do these best quality non processed foods contain grains and vegetable oils by any chance, or are we talking a keto diet?
Watch the video. Obesity isn’t purely genetic, but there is a large genetic influence. The argument that weight isn’t genetic is somewhat like saying height isn’t genetic since North Koreans are shorter than South Koreans.
Yes..exactly, consuming less and moving more, plus breathing more works every time. butt he caloric availabity model is fascinating. So is the microbiome theory.
Then you didn't hear what he had to say. He was pointing out that it wasn't a case of willpower. It's a case of availability and exposure, in addition to the physiological aspects that govern when some feel no hunger at all, and others feel a little bit hungry all the time. There is more work to be done to explain why more than 75% of those who work hard to lose weight will put on part if not all of that weight again within a few years. You can't make claims that "eating less and moving more" are the be-all and end-all solution, because frankly as a method, it isn't working at all. Obesity numbers are set to soar in the next decade, and if it were that simple, it wouldn't be the problem it is. That was the very point the speaker was trying to make, and here you are, falling back on old tropes. As he pointed out, obese people are not bad people. There is more at work here, and much more that needs to be understood. Well over 50% of the entire Earth's populace is in the obese category and more are added each year as more countries strive to become affluent like the USA. Obesity, like it or not, is a medical condition that is not simple to treat. You gain weight a few ounces at a time and eventually, you hit that obese mark. So what makes you think that the solution is simple, when all of food marketing, and all of the so-called "diet industry" is working against those so afflicted??? If you are trapped in a jail cell with 20 people/friends yelling in at you day in and day out that instead of starving yourself for seven days and walking out of that cell, you could join your friends and enjoy eating that piece of cake, because you can manage another day in prison. What's one more day? Especially when you consider that seven days is a LONG time, and what if your friends go to a restaurant? You won't be able to enjoy yourself at all; confined to rabbit food while they tell you how good their steak was, or how creamy the pie topping is. Misery is a big barrier, and a hard one to overcome, when temptation is readily available for virtually no work at all. Being overweight is the kind of trap that once you get in it, the slopes are greased and you will just slide back in no matter how hard you struggle. Most of the public dislikes obesity, so they also automatically dislike any possible reason that might be contributing to it. That's prejudice (see "pre-judging") and the easy verdict is "they have a choice". Well, so do those who drink alcohol, and later become addicts; so do drug users (I can always stop!) who become addicted; and so too say the smokers. Being addicted to food has a psychological effect for many that can make it every bit as addictive as cigarettes, yet, it's still seen as something you can just quit. You don't quit eating. You don't quit holiday meals with your family, you don't quit going out with friends, or popcorn at a theater, or hot dogs over a campfire. To do so would be more than you might be willing to give up, even at the risk of staying in your prison cell, and enduring the abuse and taunting. Because our eating habits are tangled with our social lives, (take any pictures of your food lately to post online??) there is an emotional component that needs to be addressed before real success can be found.
@@INUN0TAISHOas some one who does go eating with friends, and does eat my "rabbit food" while they eat thier steak, the fact that you frame it like that tells me it is about will power. They can enjoy the steak and I'll enjoy my salad, we can both enjoy each other's company.
Eating habits change constantly over the course of ones life. Most people try new foods, go to a brand new restaurant and eat the food there without knowing the calorie amount what so ever, they may eat more some days, and eat less some other days. However Adult body weight fluctuates very little over the course of ones life. Unless the twins ate the exact same food everyday and moved the exact same amount there body weights shouldn’t be so similar
Nope. It's self hate that started it all. More hunger then rest? Sure your stomach is 3 times the size of a normal person. All i can say is: get a healthy addiction.
the fun thing is, you can loose weight even when you eat more then you burn, at least as a type 1 diabetic and you can maintain your weight even tho you eat more then you burn as a bulimic. either ways, the behavior that leads to this phenomenon is very unhealthy and dangerous.
solution is still the same because solution is 100% how. why is certainly part of mindset and motivation but shifting from obesity to a healthy BMI is all about how. Science is becoming very clear on the "how" losing weight has become easier than ever for the motivated as much as obesity has for the unmotivated .
I'm not sure how having cheap calories shoved in your face constantly would count as easier than ever. I think the data shows quite the opposite is true and that you understood very little of this lecture.
The first half of this lecture was wonderful for a lay audience-- a limited number of important, big concepts that could be understood, remembered, and probably even repeated by many of the people who watched it. But then the talk become more and more sophisticated, nuanced, jargon littered, and really, babbling for any but a sophisticated audience member who came to the talk already prepared with a fair amount of information. In other words, too much flitting from one piece of information and idea to another so many of us might be able to parrot his last statement-- but hardly anybody could walk back through even the 3 or 4 ideas that preceded it-- no less the 20 or 40 or 50 that made up this ultimately baffling waste-of-time lecture.
Nice presentation... just because a gene is present doesn't mean it's going to express itself... being corpulent all my life and having a fat family would leave me to believe that's not true.. but if I have a propensity to get fat but I live in an area where there's not a lot to eat around.. strike 1 .. if there are no "refined foods" around.. strike 2 and here I am ready to pass... and I learn these things... young people listen.. and hear what this man is saying.. .. it can make your life so much more fulfilling and enjoyable grow... or buy FOOD.. not some manufactured crap... not only dead .. devoid of nutrition...
Fried pig skin blobs with extra flavouring and salt . A seriously unhealthy food due to the high salt content. 544 calories per 100g and no vitamins or minerals. Very popular in the UK
And what's the upshot after blaming genetics for obesity for an hour? Eat less food, move more. Absolutely nothing's changed. If you don't realize you're eating too much food, and have no idea what to do about it, that's an intellectual failing, or a conscious decision. Neither looks good.
Maybe you have the gene for a learning disability? At no point to he ever give all obese individuals a pass for their behavior. He simply tries to explain why one person may be more likely to be obese genetically. What causes this and how those genes manifest behavior. The part that really hit for me I don't think he intended at all what his checkout line bit about the large nurse looking at all the sweets and almost making out without the extra calories while he had no issues as his temptations weren't on the shelf. what if the chocolates where always somewhere else and "pork scratchings" or your guilty pleasure in all its variety happened to be the thing displayed at checkout. Would the same people be the ones struggling the hardest? Clearly our environment has been a huge change in this obesity trend and he acknowledged this. Maybe we should do something about this first while still continuing genetic research since it seems such a simple fix. Or we could go on like you pretending nothing has changed and some people just happen to be weak willed and their just happens to be alot more of these people now. Idiot.
Very interesting, although the constant ‘Okay’s quickly become distracting and annoying … Btw, wonder what condition I had as a kid and young man. I ate like a horse, wasn’t very physically active, and stayed skinny no matter what. In fact, according to BMI, I was underweight.
informativ talk, funny guy^^ a bit overmoralized in the end....if its not a choice how do manage people who get drastically slimmer? secret gene traetment??^^
The choice to go on a weight loss diet? Sure, but almost all obese have made that choice multiple times. The success of the diet has little to do with the fact that they made the choice to try to lose weight in the first place.
Who says people are obese! Or unhealthy in a larger body!??? I know many people in larger bodies who are very healthy!!! I hate the BMI charts and this stupid diet culture 😢
I tuned out very early on. That would be when he ridiculed people who criticize him for his take on obesity. His critics are right - obesity is not a disease. Obesity may be a symptom of some diseases, but by any reasonable definition of the word it is not a disease itself. Obesity is simply a state - an arbitrarily-defined amount of weight above average. If I decide to eat cream puffs every day until I gain 50 lbs, when do I get the disease? You may as well say that having tattoos is a disease. After that disingenuous take, I lost interest in the guy. If he can't define his own subject properly, how can I trust him?
A tattoo would be an injury if you don't like having it. Obesity is a disease if it impedes you. There's degrees to cancer as well, but it's still a disease.
Giles Yeo deserves a round of a applause just for clearly stating the difference between the how and the why of obesity... and then he also gives a great talk in an entertaining and engaging manner. Thank you RI for hosting him.
He didn't explain how to lose weight.
@@StefanHundhammer he didn't explain how to lose weight. Stefan Doghammer. Alles klar?
That was a legendary talk. Professor Yeo presented with such charm and pizzazz that I'll have to watch it again.
The last concluding sentences will definitely make all the Struggling Fat/Obese people breath a sigh of relief, after all the bullying they have faced throughout their life. And it sure as hell will provide them the courage to endure through the fight against their biology.
Which sentence
@@fabioooh 56:52 "...obese people are not lazy, they're not morally bereft, they're not bad people. They're FIGHTING THEIR BIOLOGY, okay? They are feeling hungry (I studied it) all the time. This is why they are [paused] the way they are.... THIS IS NOT A MORAL FAILING, Ladies and Gentlemen. IT IS NOT A CHOICE [paused] that we have full control over. Until we understand that, we will never ever fix this obesity problem."
That is a very powerful and uplifting message, indeed👏👏👏👏👏. Thank you, Dr. Yeo. Thank you RI for inviting him again and again. I never bored listening to him.
Thnk you Mr. Yeo. After starving and exercising for decades, they talked me into cutting off my stomach, then told me after hundreds of surgeries that I was their first and only failure. Now I suffer from malnutrition, on top of everything else. It's possible that it is mitochondrial and enzymatic, and now, finding your videos, there is a new idea with genetics. People do look and judge, thank you for looking and understanding.
I do wonder if the mitochondria aren't working properly if this affects weight - i tend to love the quick energy of sugar in small amounts.
As Dr. Yeo said, you are fighting your biology. Unfortunately, it is a war, consists of daily battles. It is long and exhausting and you might want to give up, but you know you can't give up, because the other side of it is a literal death. Please don't be discouraged and keep looking for help. May God blesses you with strength and courage and take you to the winning side of this war🙏🙏🙏.
What a great presenter. He is a tremendous at conveying complex information in an understandable way
This video was really informative. Giles is also a really good presenter.
Yes, he is an excellent presenter!
I used to say "just stop eating" when I saw TV shows about obese people, but now I feel more enlightened
another thing that never taken into account is that our ancestors almost universally had intestinal parasites that robbed them of calories making them to want more food those habits are still with some of us
Charming personality. He is that kind of teacher who we never want to run out of humour!
I looked up this question and tried to find a ~5 minute video to give me a quick answer. Tapped on this instead and I’m glad I did, really interesting to watch him dissect this and talk about each small component
Hunger drive and metabolism/the way bodies process the food need to be discussed a lot more. In the developed world we all have enough intake to become fat - even those of us that think we eat healthy and perhaps judge others. Some bodies process and retain that energy in differently. It's not that you're violating the laws of thermodynamics, it's the fact that you're trying to manipulate weight by limiting intake unrealistically and ignoring the mechanisms by which it is stored. This is just a start.
I don't think it's reasonable to expect all of us that aren't Usain Bolt to spend our whole lives training to maximise our abilities in running, so why is it reasonable to expect those with a genetic predisposition to over-eating and storing fat to do the equivalent of training like Usain Bolt all our lives, and shame us if we either don't try or fail? It isn't. There is a reason why 90-95% of diets fail.
So true!
The metabolic issues making some people store thier calories is totally overlooked.
The sheer amount of charisma :D
19:00 I learned this in college. I was shocked because i grew up thinking it was the individual's fault.
I love Dr Yeo's work and I hope his work can be used in eating disorders treatment
Brilliant conference! Thank Giles Yeo!!
thank you R I for another real scientist sharing his work with us.
Dr Yeo, thank you for enjoyable talk, as neuroscientist in brain control of body-weight has there been any note made of people who’s brain is fully engaged that their hunger is suppressed. I am not referring to short term of few hours, but long period. our information show it is not necessary the task to be complex, but sufficiently mentally interesting to the individual that they become mentally fully involved. These group would be below or not detected by obesity radar as they are lean. for solution to obesity it may be useful to study the lean ones too. MG1
Explain to me why is that brother is a lot slimmer and isn't as heavy when he eats way more than me. I work out like crazy and eat a lot healthier than him and I'm still at least 50 pounds heavier. Not saying I'll give up, but genes are definitely a factor.
Unless your brother is pooping out the majority of what he eats (in which case there is something seriously wrong with him), you're in fact eating much more than him, and don't realize it. There are two factual issues with questions like yours. 1) People who can eat anything they want as much as they want and not gain weight don't exist, or have very serious medical problems where they can't properly digest food and absorb nutrients. They're probably dead, like the people who always feel hungry, a genetic anomaly. 2) You can't extract more calories from food than is in the food. You won't get magically fat from from an ounce of broccoli. You are eating much more than you think you are. Also, don't forget body composition; you may in fact have 50 lbs more muscle than your brother. Well, I doubt it, but it may be proportional. Only accurate way to test it is to measure your body fat percentage, such as with a dexa scan.
Food intake is difficult to measure already, it's impossible to measure by observing someone for 30 minutes in a day. If someone saw me eating lunch, they'd marvel how I am not on the 600 lb TV show. But the fact is, I eat 85-90% of my daily calorie intake on lunch. It is usually my only meal of the day, I usually have a snack or two later in the day. The fact is, you have no idea how much your brother eats, notwithstanding whatever he tells you, because even you don't have any idea how much YOU eat. Food diaries are notoriously inaccurate, by, on average, 40%. We lie to ourselves, consciously and otherwise, constantly. Maybe he eats a lot when he's eating with you, maybe he eats a lot on christmas and easter, but you have no complete information about his eating and exercise habits outside that.
@@mariusvanc differences in resting matabalism can also be a factor, not everyone burns calories at the same rate and some people can have a working digestive system and still struggle to gain weight.
You work out more and eat healthier, so you get bigger. Where's the problem?
Genetics loads the gun, behavior pulls the trigger.
Here are the key takeaways from the video:
1. Obesity is heavily influenced by genetics and biology, not just willpower or moral failing. The speaker argues against the notion that obesity is simply a choice that people have full control over.
2. Genes play a major role in determining body weight, hunger levels, food motivation, and where fat is deposited in the body. The genetic influence on BMI is estimated around 70%.
3. Specific genes like leptin, MC4R, and FTO were discussed in detail for their roles in regulating hunger, metabolism, and weight gain/loss.
4. Environmental factors like the modern food environment with omnipresent temptations also contribute significantly to obesity rates increasing over time.
5. People predisposed to obesity feel slightly hungrier all the time (5% more), making it harder to resist food cravings compared to those not genetically predisposed.
6. Understanding the biological drivers of obesity is crucial to effectively addressing the problem, rather than judging or blaming individuals. Obese people are not lazy or morally flawed, but fighting their biology.
In essence, the talk highlights the complex genetic and biological factors underlying obesity, countering simplistic notions that it is purely a matter of willpower or personal choices. An understanding and de-stigmatization of the condition is needed to properly tackle the obesity epidemic.
Finally, someone saying the things that needed saying.
So that is why we are like we are! Many thanks, Giles. Keep up the good work.
I enjoyed that caloric density info. Consuming cooked mince beef compared with a raw steak, means you will be able to take more energy from the mince beef due to it being cooked, and is easier to digest. But the raw steak makes life difficult for the body to break it down and digest, the body uses calories to break it down..so to lose weight it helps to eat food that stresses your body's ability to consume the various foods, and liquids. Does that make sense? I think so. Diet book coming soon!
Or you could just eat celery and lettuce salad with no oil and remove the caloric risk. Have you tried to eat an entire lettuce for a meal? I find it an interesting weekly experience.
Rabbits love lettuce, I hope you enjoy it.
If you want to be constantly bloated and weak all the time, do that.
@@1967davidfitness have you ever thought about eating the meat AND the lettuce TOGETHER?
Genetics decides your "lean" for love of food in general, and how bad you feel when yo do not get certain food.
Simply put, it is harder for some people to not eat certain "Loved food"...
Cool. I do feel slightly hungry all the time and my partner is always like. If you're hungry think how hungry I must be?! (As a guy with no weight issues). It's tough. Really tough. It's like fighting an addiction everyday. But your poison is everywhere you go (petrol stations, supermarkets, down the street going past cafes) and you have to eat so you can't go cold turkey. No matter what I try I cannot lose weight.
It's definitely an addiction. I've been really overweight all of my life, but only started trying to lose weight relatively recently. I haven't really tried the dieting thing properly, but for me eating reasonable portion sizes of good food that I actually like and doing some activity that actually makes me feel good to do has given me some slow but steady success, at least on the input-vs-output side of things. To my mind, whatever you do, you have to find some pleasure in it. Trying to find new coping mechanisms is the part I'm struggling the most with right now. Comfort eating was/is my only coping mechanism and that can quickly add a bump in the graph haha!
Yes, caffeine is a drug so needing chocolate is a drug addiction, same as with fizzy drinks. Sugar and salt are dopamine triggers which again your brain wants and so is an addiction. The trick is not to diet, it's to eat what and when you want, but to work off more than you eat every day. I have an app that I track the calories and exercise so I know where I am. I found an indoor exercise bike will easily shave those calories off and tone your bottom half. But, you also have to work out the top half and build muscle there too.
When you do all that, then you lose weight guaranteed.
What happened between 1984 and 2010 that caused the rise in average body mass? The genetic tendencies didn't suddenly start. Was it the rise of fast food restaurants? A move away from home cooking of basic ingredients & the switch to boxed food in the microwave? The rise of two parents working and so no one specialising in cooking at home? Something else?
I believe the things you mentioned are the reasons and add to that the lack of physical exercise. As he said, you can't change your genes, but within the bracket, you can make healthy choices and beat the bad genes you inherited.
Saturation of the metabolism with hormone disruptors and overuse of antibiotics destroying the gut flora
Food pyramid
Why 1984? Pretty sure average body mass rose much earlier.
The two parents working and no one specialising in cooking started way earlier too
Amazing talk! It was very interesting. Thank you for sharing knowledge in such an entertaining way, really appreciate.
9:41 That was the first law of thermodynamics, good talk though, thanks!
Wrong! He showed the Second law of thermodynamics..read again your text books.
@@1967davidfitness Serious question: how is this the second law? I thought 1st was "can't create, can't destroy" and 2nd was "in a closed system entropy cannot decrease". Isn't that graphic saying "to stay the same weight what goes in must equal what comes out"? He literally says, "You can't magic energy from somewhere and you can't magic the energy away." In other words, cannot create nor destroy. How does the scale graphic and what he says describe anything about entropy? What am I missing?
Definitely one of the better presentations I have watched - thank you very much!
I've not watched this yet, I'm just doing it for posterity, but I think this is going to be something to do with epigenetics.
Dessert Tummy! Thank you for the explanation of why I always crave a sweet after a meal, even when I'm full from the main course. I'll enjoy discussing this tonight with my friends...over dessert 😋
For anyone that doesn't know, medication, specifically atypical antipsychotics, cause HUGE weight gain. They make you hungry 24/7 so even if you start out skinny with a fast metabolism, you will put weight on with those drugs very quickly.
The eternal barbeque hahahah great talk
English setters are also well known to eat until they die. A Flat Coated Retriever is part Setter and part Labrador / Retriever.
I'm pretty sure it's subatomic interaction with the Greggs field that makes one fat...
Depends how much genes you eat and how much sauce you put on them.
Your use and implimintation of third law of thermodynamics is exactly on point.
Second law.
I'm dyslexic , I'm lucky its English today 😄
it's first law actually, conservation of energy
oldcowbb no no no , its Murphy's law .
Second law!!!
Perhaps GIles should read the latest study from Kings College London who recently undertook a study to explore how the gut processes and distributes fat by assessing 786 individuals from a cohort of twins. Following their analysis of the molecules in the stool samples, they concluded that genetics only partially influenced weight gain, with environmental factors having a far greater bearing.
Only 17.9 per cent of processes that took place in the gut could be linked to hereditary factors.
On the other hand, 67.7 per cent of the processes in the gut were caused by environmental factors such as an individual’s diet.
But where does your gut microbiome come from and what are its determinants? We're still uncovering this but much of it stems from first exposure to the environment at birth. Thus, there's a difference in risk of obesity b/t c-section and vaginal births. Infants exposed to vaginal bacteria via birth canal are greatly influenced by those bacteria in the development of their digestive system, regardless of diet they adopt later on in life. My point being --> the term "environmental" is more nuanced and can still be explained by biological means (e.g., gut microbiome)
The Kings College involved twins so the births were the same
My apologies for missing that detail. I'm still a little hazy on how they reached that conclusion and those percentages. Was there a significant difference in BMI b/t 67.7% of the twins? I'm assuming they analyzed thousands of bacteria-produced metabolites and determined the effects of these molecules but as far as I know, we're still in the beginning phases of uncovering this information, making that conclusion of the study you referenced lackluster. It's just such a new science.
Could you forward a link to the study?
Lol, how do you get those numbers? I could eat gras like a cow with a different environment? Everything your body does is "linked" to genetics and environment.
A better question perhaps is whether certain alleles are necessary conditions for certain outcomes.
Thank you for a very informative lecture.
My only question about all of this is that this video does not really why only 30-40 years ago, people's sizes in the USA were not that big. Surely our genes have not become activated by some natural process over the past few decades. Yes, epigenetics and phenotypes matter, but then the factors that trigger the obesity epidemic has more to do with societal and dietary changes, things that people can change and control. It might take a lot of political will and education, but it is not impossible.
@Giles Yeo. You are a speaker!
Short answer yes?
That should be tought at school
What about training our bodies in leptin regulation through sport, good food and fasting?
Yes
Giles fantastic presentation!!!!
*That was fucking entertaining!*
Which came as a surprise since I'm such a fat bastard myself ;-)
Excellent presentation!
Actually he takes the excuse away. Because if you understand the reason and still give in wholly and don’t make any adjustments you have no excuse
Intelligent and entertaining, great combination!
Good lecture but I hope this class doesn’t give people a reason to not watch their waistline!
It’s annoying watching on the phone cuz they don’t show the images on full screen the dude is point to 🤦♂️
12:36 One ought to keep in mind diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. It's not necessarily the subcutaneous, or surface fat, but the visceral one between the organs, which can be quite severe even for someone who is ostensibly thin. Then there's insulin resistance and how sugar intake basically poisons the body, and locks the toxins inside the body in that visceral fat... Nutrition is complicated.
Very few people carry the obesity gene. But businesses target the whole population and try to sell them weight loss products.
excellent
I enjoyed this and learnt something too.
Do you research Labradors in a Lab lab?
Great speaker
A simple look at people just a few generations ago, should make it fairly obvious that obesity isn't genetic, because there were very few obese people back then, in the days before processed junk food. It is only since people stop eating whole foods and started gorging themselves on junk food that obesity has become such a major problem.
Such a lie. I know so many people who are obese and eat only the best quality non processed food.
@@mellie4174 Ah, so your anecdote trumps data on the rise of obesity since the 1980s when the diet guidelines (the food pyramid) was introduced?
Do these best quality non processed foods contain grains and vegetable oils by any chance, or are we talking a keto diet?
Watch the video. Obesity isn’t purely genetic, but there is a large genetic influence. The argument that weight isn’t genetic is somewhat like saying height isn’t genetic since North Koreans are shorter than South Koreans.
bruh did u even watch the video? he literally addresses this in like the first 20 minutes 😭
@@mellie4174 its doesn't matter if its 'best quality' food if they eat too much
I am a human and I judge YOU Giles for naming chocolate as "Food".
My jeans make me look fat.
Great lecture.
11:00 actually we might need more education. A lot of people actually don't believe eating less and moving more, works.
That's a very good point. Culture and hype has people chasing after "miracle diets" rather than putting in the hard work on the treadmill.
Yes..exactly, consuming less and moving more, plus breathing more works every time. butt he caloric availabity model is fascinating. So is the microbiome theory.
I think that's less a matter of too little education and more a matter of too much propaganda
Then you didn't hear what he had to say. He was pointing out that it wasn't a case of willpower. It's a case of availability and exposure, in addition to the physiological aspects that govern when some feel no hunger at all, and others feel a little bit hungry all the time. There is more work to be done to explain why more than 75% of those who work hard to lose weight will put on part if not all of that weight again within a few years. You can't make claims that "eating less and moving more" are the be-all and end-all solution, because frankly as a method, it isn't working at all. Obesity numbers are set to soar in the next decade, and if it were that simple, it wouldn't be the problem it is. That was the very point the speaker was trying to make, and here you are, falling back on old tropes. As he pointed out, obese people are not bad people. There is more at work here, and much more that needs to be understood. Well over 50% of the entire Earth's populace is in the obese category and more are added each year as more countries strive to become affluent like the USA. Obesity, like it or not, is a medical condition that is not simple to treat. You gain weight a few ounces at a time and eventually, you hit that obese mark. So what makes you think that the solution is simple, when all of food marketing, and all of the so-called "diet industry" is working against those so afflicted???
If you are trapped in a jail cell with 20 people/friends yelling in at you day in and day out that instead of starving yourself for seven days and walking out of that cell, you could join your friends and enjoy eating that piece of cake, because you can manage another day in prison. What's one more day? Especially when you consider that seven days is a LONG time, and what if your friends go to a restaurant? You won't be able to enjoy yourself at all; confined to rabbit food while they tell you how good their steak was, or how creamy the pie topping is. Misery is a big barrier, and a hard one to overcome, when temptation is readily available for virtually no work at all.
Being overweight is the kind of trap that once you get in it, the slopes are greased and you will just slide back in no matter how hard you struggle. Most of the public dislikes obesity, so they also automatically dislike any possible reason that might be contributing to it. That's prejudice (see "pre-judging") and the easy verdict is "they have a choice". Well, so do those who drink alcohol, and later become addicts; so do drug users (I can always stop!) who become addicted; and so too say the smokers. Being addicted to food has a psychological effect for many that can make it every bit as addictive as cigarettes, yet, it's still seen as something you can just quit. You don't quit eating. You don't quit holiday meals with your family, you don't quit going out with friends, or popcorn at a theater, or hot dogs over a campfire. To do so would be more than you might be willing to give up, even at the risk of staying in your prison cell, and enduring the abuse and taunting. Because our eating habits are tangled with our social lives, (take any pictures of your food lately to post online??) there is an emotional component that needs to be addressed before real success can be found.
@@INUN0TAISHOas some one who does go eating with friends, and does eat my "rabbit food" while they eat thier steak, the fact that you frame it like that tells me it is about will power. They can enjoy the steak and I'll enjoy my salad, we can both enjoy each other's company.
This is interesting
the speaker is very good I think
As an ex doctor who do i send my bill for ptsd treatment too? The krebs cycle… fun times…
Excellent.
I'm 75% succeeding in life! I should make a t-shirt... 3:02
Thank you!
This is great
Wouldn’t identical twins be raised to have the same eating habits? So wouldn’t that explain why they have relatively similar BMI?
Eating habits change constantly over the course of ones life. Most people try new foods, go to a brand new restaurant and eat the food there without knowing the calorie amount what so ever, they may eat more some days, and eat less some other days. However Adult body weight fluctuates very little over the course of ones life. Unless the twins ate the exact same food everyday and moved the exact same amount there body weights shouldn’t be so similar
Not significantly more than fraternal twins.
My name is Giles Yo!
second law of thermodynamic ? Really ?The one about entropy ?
Algorithm, recommend this video to Chethan Bhagat.
Nope. It's self hate that started it all. More hunger then rest? Sure your stomach is 3 times the size of a normal person. All i can say is: get a healthy addiction.
the fun thing is, you can loose weight even when you eat more then you burn, at least as a type 1 diabetic and you can maintain your weight even tho you eat more then you burn as a bulimic. either ways, the behavior that leads to this phenomenon is very unhealthy and dangerous.
when the chips are down
these people, they will eat each other
❤ thank you ❤
solution is still the same because solution is 100% how. why is certainly part of mindset and motivation but shifting from obesity to a healthy BMI is all about how.
Science is becoming very clear on the "how"
losing weight has become easier than ever for the motivated as much as obesity has for the unmotivated .
I'm not sure how having cheap calories shoved in your face constantly would count as easier than ever. I think the data shows quite the opposite is true and that you understood very little of this lecture.
The first half of this lecture was wonderful for a lay audience-- a limited number of important, big concepts that could be understood, remembered, and probably even repeated by many of the people who watched it.
But then the talk become more and more sophisticated, nuanced, jargon littered, and really, babbling for any but a sophisticated audience member who came to the talk already prepared with a fair amount of information. In other words, too much flitting from one piece of information and idea to another so many of us might be able to parrot his last statement-- but hardly anybody could walk back through even the 3 or 4 ideas that preceded it-- no less the 20 or 40 or 50 that made up this ultimately baffling waste-of-time lecture.
Yes. But only if you wear the wrong ones.... 🤣
Eat less move more would work if we were simple machines but we aren't - hormones particularly insulin complicate matters - look it up.
Sugar with a capital S lol
Nice presentation... just because a gene is present doesn't mean it's going to express itself... being corpulent all my life and having a fat family would leave me to believe that's not true.. but if I have a propensity to get fat but I live in an area where there's not a lot to eat around.. strike 1 .. if there are no "refined foods" around.. strike 2 and here I am ready to pass... and I learn these things... young people listen.. and hear what this man is saying.. .. it can make your life so much more fulfilling and enjoyable grow... or buy FOOD.. not some manufactured crap... not only dead .. devoid of nutrition...
What are pork scratchings?😂😂😂
Fried pig skin blobs with extra flavouring and salt . A seriously unhealthy food due to the high salt content. 544 calories per 100g and no vitamins or minerals.
Very popular in the UK
Remember you are what you eat unfortunately but genes do affect weight though.
@NOTREALLY HANKAARON ummm yes genes do determine adulthood size and weight so eat healthy as an adult at least!
@NOTREALLY HANKAARON yes genes do affect adult weight and size;yes it does
people only like black and white .. I know why he smiled :P
Usually physic, you are right. Why then all this psycho babble? "Discipline grasshopper", just ask the Karate Kid.
49:30, maybe intentionally misinterpreting...
And what's the upshot after blaming genetics for obesity for an hour? Eat less food, move more. Absolutely nothing's changed. If you don't realize you're eating too much food, and have no idea what to do about it, that's an intellectual failing, or a conscious decision. Neither looks good.
Maybe you have the gene for a learning disability? At no point to he ever give all obese individuals a pass for their behavior. He simply tries to explain why one person may be more likely to be obese genetically. What causes this and how those genes manifest behavior.
The part that really hit for me I don't think he intended at all what his checkout line bit about the large nurse looking at all the sweets and almost making out without the extra calories while he had no issues as his temptations weren't on the shelf. what if the chocolates where always somewhere else and "pork scratchings" or your guilty pleasure in all its variety happened to be the thing displayed at checkout. Would the same people be the ones struggling the hardest?
Clearly our environment has been a huge change in this obesity trend and he acknowledged this. Maybe we should do something about this first while still continuing genetic research since it seems such a simple fix. Or we could go on like you pretending nothing has changed and some people just happen to be weak willed and their just happens to be alot more of these people now. Idiot.
Depends on the cut
Very interesting, although the constant ‘Okay’s quickly become distracting and annoying …
Btw, wonder what condition I had as a kid and young man. I ate like a horse, wasn’t very physically active, and stayed skinny no matter what. In fact, according to BMI, I was underweight.
Because they are stone age genes in the space age
Genes make it so that if you get enough calories you don't starve to death. Ask around.
In other words genetics determines a large part in size and weight of people;ok we get it now cure it!!!!
Er, so that's called eugenics. Quite controversial 😄
Pork scratchings 😂😂😂
The Cheesecake Factory gets it
informativ talk, funny guy^^ a bit overmoralized in the end....if its not a choice how do manage people who get drastically slimmer? secret gene traetment??^^
It is not a choice it is a battle against nature, and the difficulty of that battle depends in some part on your genes.
sure all of that..but the choice comes first^^
The choice to go on a weight loss diet? Sure, but almost all obese have made that choice multiple times. The success of the diet has little to do with the fact that they made the choice to try to lose weight in the first place.
You are what you eat.
Not true, I exclusively eat women and children and I'm a dude.
Eat healthy and exercise. Don't eat more than what you need. If you eat until you feel stuffed, then you overstuffed your face.
A lot of people don’t eat much and healthy and are still huge;hmmm I wonder why ummmm idk ummmm GENETICS DUH!!!
GENETICS
@NOTREALLY HANKAARON still influenced by genes.Genetic therapy needs to be done in order to destroy this disease
@NOTREALLY HANKAARON there’s sugar
in virtually everything you eat;a lot of people cut sugar and carbs and still can’t lose weight!
Who says people are obese! Or unhealthy in a larger body!??? I know many people in larger bodies who are very healthy!!! I hate the BMI charts and this stupid diet culture 😢
Genes are a gun, the excess food is the ammo.
I tuned out very early on. That would be when he ridiculed people who criticize him for his take on obesity. His critics are right - obesity is not a disease. Obesity may be a symptom of some diseases, but by any reasonable definition of the word it is not a disease itself. Obesity is simply a state - an arbitrarily-defined amount of weight above average. If I decide to eat cream puffs every day until I gain 50 lbs, when do I get the disease? You may as well say that having tattoos is a disease. After that disingenuous take, I lost interest in the guy. If he can't define his own subject properly, how can I trust him?
A tattoo would be an injury if you don't like having it.
Obesity is a disease if it impedes you. There's degrees to cancer as well, but it's still a disease.
Disease in this instance is used as the other definition of the word. Knowing that now, hopefully you can take value from the talk 😊