How do enzymes work | Biology | Extraclass.com

How do enzymes work?
Enzymes are nothing but catalysts of biochemical reactions.
They are protein molecules present in cells that speed up chemical reactions in the body but do not get used up in the process.
Do you know how an enzyme works?
In this video, we will discuss the different models for enzyme action and its types.
There are two different theories proposed for enzyme action
i) Lock and key model and
ii) Induced fit model
The first theory, Lock and key model was proposed by Emil Fischer in 1894.
In this model, the lock is an enzyme and the key is the substrate.
Only A correctly sized key that is, the substrate fits into the keyhole, that is, an Active site of the lock that is an enzyme.
This model explains enzyme specificity but, It fails to explain the stabilization of the transition state that enzyme achieves.
The second theory, Induced fit model, was proposed by Daniel Koshland in 1958.
According to Daniel, enzymes are flexible structures.
When the active site on the enzyme makes contact with a proper substrate, the enzyme molds itself to the shape of the molecule.
Enzymes are of different types, some rearrange the atoms, while some join two chemical compounds together.
The enzymes are classified according to the reaction they catalyze.
The first class of enzyme is Oxidoreductase which adds or removes the hydrogen atoms in a chemical reaction
The second class is Transferase, as the name suggests, this enzyme transfers the groups or atoms between donor and acceptor molecules.
The third class is Hydrolase, the enzyme participates in a hydrolysis reaction by adding water across a bond.
The fourth class is Lyases, the enzyme forms double bonds by removing groups from a substrate other than by hydrolysis or that adds groups to double bonds.
The fifth class of enzyme are Isomerase, these enzymes create isomers by rearranging the atoms in a biochemical reaction.
The sixth class of enzyme is Ligase, which joins the two chemical groups together, with the use of energy that is, ATP molecule.
Let’s answer a few questions asked in the medical entrance exam.
Question- Who proposed the lock and key model for enzyme action -
(1)Emil Fischer
(2)Koshland
(3)Watson and Crick
(4)Waldeyer
This question was asked in Punjab PMT 2011.
Solution- The Lock and key model, was proposed by Emil Fischer in 1894. In this model, the lock is an enzyme and the key is the substrate.
Hence, option (1) is the correct answer.
Question-2 Which class of enzyme performs hydrolysis -
(1)Transferase
(2)Oxidoreductase
(3)Hydrolase
(4)Isomerase
This question was asked in MP PMT 2012
Solution - Hydrolase, the enzyme participates in a hydrolysis reaction by adding water across a bond.
Hence option (3) is correct.
This concludes our video on theories and classes of different enzymes.
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