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Although I am unable to contribute financially, I will perform my role of translator to broadcast the videos of your channel to my countrymen. I'll make sure that more and more Brazilians will have more historical knowledge thanks to you, guys!
Actually maybe Cao Cao didn’t say this well-known sayings😂, this is from “Romance of the three kingdoms” , written by Luo Guanzhong in Ming dynasty, where Liu Bei (and Shu)is honored as the only true suitable candidate of the emperor. Luo written this mainly to show how cruel and greedy Cao is. But in “The history of the three kingdoms” written by Chen Shou, we cannot find it.
4:56 Cao Cao achieved a swift victory against Wuhuan, but prior to his campaign many of his court believed it too risky and actually advised against it. In fact, Cao had an extremely perilous journey on the way back. His armies underestimated the harshness of the northern environment, and experienced shortage of food and water - forcing them to kill many warhorses for sustenance. Afterwards, Cao ordered for a list of all the people that disapproved his Wuhuan campaign - and rewarded them handsomely. He edicted: "My conquest of Wuhuan was wrought with dangers and only succeeded thanks to fortune and favour from the heavens. But one should not default his (military) operations to luck, and your counsels should be the rock of my design. So now I reward you, and ask that you should never hold your tongue" Whatever you may think of Cao Cao, this was a good display of leadership and grace.
Cao Cao knew that his power and influence rested on those who supported him and regardless of how selfish and greedy he could be, he knew to treat his own men well in the end. One of the reasons why he's the most popular among Liu Bei and Sun Jian.
@@AxleTrade unlike his imbecile son Cao Pi who staged power for himself, claiming to he Wei emperor, and overthrown Han emperor Not an comparable two person
The Battle of Red Cliff is a prime example of how ingenious tactics can result in a brilliant victory out of an outnumbered situation. The intrigue games plotted by all three camps involved to outwit one another prior to the battle, the dramatic twists and turns during the course of battle, as well as the impacts and developments after the battle, are so fascinating as to have triggered much discussion and study
Arslan Tariq Fun fact. Later on Wu would pull off another fire attack during Liu Bei's campaign in Jing with the Battle of Xiaoting. This time however it happened in a wooded area which the Shu army was camped out. The burning of their camp brought a crushing defeat to Shu and ended their campaign in Jing.
Although not necessarily a grand strategic victory on the scale of something like cannae, red cliff, or Marengo, I like the battle of sekigahara because of its intrigue and tug of war of feelings, it’s like it has its own grand drama going on while a great final battle occurs in the background. Also many of Caesar’s victories are pure strategic brilliance.
@sinnerandprejudice It really doesn't although Admiral Yi was admirable in the defense of his nation and caused horrific devastation to the Japanese, it was only when 123 ships of the Ming navy arrived, he then was able to completely wipe out the Japanese navy, and on land, it was only when the northern Ming army and weapons arrived did the Koreans began to counter attack.
Cao Cao had an advisor named Guo Jia who died by sickness during Cao Cao's campaign against Yuan family. Cao Cao even says "if only Guo Jia is still alive.." after his defeat at Red Cliff.
@Kürassier1806 Epic History TV is great and all but they upload a single video in a few months. K&G uploads once a week with their "main" video, and also uploads another on Thursday for 2 weekly videos regularly, and sometimes more.
I love this series as well, but it is by far the series with most errors. There are already so many errors on this video in the first two minutes, where the emperor's portrait is on Chang An, when at that time, Cao Cao already moved him to Xuchang. Also, Liu Zhang's province had absolutely no jurisdiction or control over the southern part of Chengdu, whereas in the video, it has the border stretched all the way to Jianning. Even during Liu Shan's era, Shu Han had very limited control of the southern area. Also, Shangyong was NEVER in control of Liu Zhang, ever. I honestly feel like they dropped this series because they knew that they were making too many errors.
Ever since Dynasty Warriors 3 I've been a huge fan of the Three Kingdoms era. You've done a great job explaining everything man. Thanks for all your efforts!~
@@fixiz8623 Sun Quan didn't. First, some stupid assassin killed Zhang Fei, then run to Sun Quan, hoped he will reward them. Sun Quan kill them all and send them to Shu. Than Sun Quan try to take a share of Jing Province as Liu Bei promissed before defeated Cao Cao. After the battle, he banned his general killing Guan Yu but letter can't get in time. (Guan Yu was defeated because Liu Bei's son didn't send reinforcement). Sun Quan killed the general who killed Guan Yu to make peach with Liu Bei but it didn't work.
@@samyd0_0 - I don't think leader of a country launch an attack to ally just because someone arrogant. - Wu want a share of Jing at a very beginning. (after Sun Ce created Wu) - Liu Bei promised to give Wu a share of Jing after he take Shu. - Guan Yu didn't know about the contract, he just follow his order "take care of Jing".
@@hoanglinhle4468 and sun quan once offer to marry guan yu daughter with sun quan son, but guan yu refuses it and mock wu with this word "why would daughter of the dragon/tiger (i forget which one) marry a son of a coward" that is one of the reason too
Cao Cao ws the best candidate to unite the 3K, all Red Cliff did was delay the inevitable unification of China under an ambitious figure who had the will and thrust to do the job. Looking at how poorly the Sima clan fared after they took over China and how the north was invaded by northern steppe people after Jin's internal wars it might be best had Cao Cao simply united China, at least then it will be under competent leadership. Say what you will about the so called Darth Vader of China, but the enemies of Westeros feared Tywin Lannister, and the enemies of the Galactic Empire- such as the Yuuzhan Vong directly stated that they feared a unified and militariestic regime under Emperor Palpatine.
Oda Nobunaga falls under this too. The bad PR with fighting 'monks' is ridiculous. Those 'monks' weren't a religious organization, they were warriors who use the label of 'monk' to be a warlord faction without having to follow rules the others had to.
@@Gooong Cao Cao and Nobunaga were pretty rough man, even hideyoshi was an angel compared to him, nobunaga had a maid executed for leaving a stem of a fruit on his floor lmao. But even then, nobunaga is still extremely respected in japan even when compared to other legendary figures like ieyasu and sakamoto. @Edit: He even won a top 100 most popular historical people contest once en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Top_100_Historical_Persons_in_Japan
Ah finally, the largest naval battle in terms of ships ever fought is upon us. Cao Cao’s arrogance caused his defeat just as much as the strategy of Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. I’ve been to the site, and it’s beautiful. There’s even a Guan Yu “Transformer” protecting the site.
There is a little mistake. Chang'an is closer to Luoyang, but the Chang'an location marked in the map is too western, almost to Chen Chang, the capital of Yongzhou. And，Fankou is the northern part of Jiangxia County. On the left side of the Yangtze River in the Han River, Jiang Xia is the base camp of Liu Qi, and the Battle of Red cliffs takes place in Baqiu, the southern part of Jiangxia, instead of entering the Yangtze River estuary. If you need any maps about the War of the Three Kingdoms, cities, provinces, I think I can help
I've been waiting badly for another Three Kingdoms video. I really appreciate this series as I really haven't learned much about China outside of the Qing to Modern period.
Why do you think did the soldiers fight for their lords? Because they liked them? To defend their homeland? To earn money and spoil? Or were they forced?
@@0000-z4z It depends. Early generals of Cao Cao either come from his relatives(Cao clan and Xiahou clan) or prisoner of wars who became convinced that Cao Cao could lead to the unity of China. Sun Wu's generals and advisors were mainly local nobles or friends of the Sun family who wished to protect their own interest in southeastern China. Liu Bei however, received many prominent generals and advisors through personal charisma. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were his sword brothers. Advisors like Zhuge Liang, Fa Zheng and even a defector like Zhang Song were moved by his ambition to reunite China under the banner of Han and his moral compared to other more powerful warlords.
0000000 0000000 Many reasons, but money and food are foundation to an army. During the yellow turbans rebellion, rich family can easily have a small army, like Caocao’s army built by his rich family, Liubei’s first army built by Zhangfei sold his peach orchard and business to support. Most soldiers fight because they got food in army, and many were forced by “serving duty”, and some people fight for glory who became heroes if they survived in battle.
There's a popular misconception that Liu Bei used only small number of forces, and basically let the Sun armies do all the work -- and then trick them to take over Jing province... but this is mostly from the novels. In actual records there are some contradictions, but most sources credit Liu Bei as much as Zhou Yu as leading the fight, and Cao Cao actually addresses his sneer toward Liu Bei while on the run (yes, this 'sneer' is not just from the novels, and it is actually recorded in the texts -- although the novelized version is heavily exaggerated). . So Liu Bei, did fight as a part of the alliance as hard as anyone else. Modern estimates put the allied forces at around 50 thousand men, among which 20 thousand was Liu Bei's. Of the 30-thousand-strong Sun army, 20 thousand was commanded by Zhou You and Cheng Pu, and Sun Quan held 10 thousand as reserves.
Liu Bei took only a limited part in the Battle of Red Cliffs and next to none at Jiangling. While Zhou Yu led the forces along the Yangtze to strike at Jiangling, Liu Bei marched south to capture Changsha, Guiyang, Lingling and Wuling. Guan Yu who led a force to cut off Jiangling by capturing Xiangyang (to the north of Jiangling) was soundly defeated and had to retreat.
@@rwikdutta3618 Like said, sources are actually contradictory. But the number of sources that say Liu Bei was an active combatant, outnumbers the one source that says otherwise. . That's the position this episode of Kings and Generals took as well, it seems.
Some sources say wuhuan leader Tadun was spotted by Zhang Liao in battle and then killed by him in duel, but some say he was captured and personally slayed by Zhang Liao, I don't know which one is correct. By the way Zhang Fei was absolutely a beast at Changban bridge he single handedly blocked the advance of the whole 5000 elite cavalry of Cao Cao and covered for Liu Bei's retreat.
Alexander Cao stopped his ongoing army not bcs Fei screamed: “I’m Zhang Fei of Yan, who dares challenging me?!” It was bcs the dusty backgrounds that Fei created which Cao doubted if there’s ambush...but soon Cao discovered he was fooled as Fei ordered to deconstruct the bridge after his withdraw, then Cao ordered a chase
There are many similarities between European history and East Asian history. E.g: During the ancient Greek period, China was the Eastern Zhou Dynasty; During the ancient Greek period, there were many philosophers, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Thales, Heraclitus, and Archimedes. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were also many philosophers, Laozi, Confucius, Mencius, and Zhuangzi. Han Feizi, Xunzi, Mozi, Shangyang, Guan Zhong. Ancient Greece was occupied by Alexandria and established the Macedonian Empire; the feudal state of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed and unified by Emperor Qin Shihuang, and the Qin Empire was established. The Macedonian Empire and the Qin Empire are very short. After the demise of the Macedonian Empire, the Roman Empire appeared in Europe. Similarly, after the fall of the Qin Empire, the Han Empire appeared in China. After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Europe was invaded by barbarians in the 4th and 5th centuries; similarly, after the Han Empire collapsed, it experienced the Three Kingdoms Civil War and was invaded by barbarians in the 4th century.
Teddy Kimathi But some historians suggest his rival Sima Yi is smarter as if he did actually storm the empty city and captured/ killed Zhuge, then he & his sons will surely be doubted to king MingDi(Cao Rui) of Wei due to high prestige of his family
@@wesleyhsu6659 that's true but it is zhuge liang who actually outsmart him in this case, he intentionally let the fortress shown weak because he too knew that if sima yi captured him, his position in wei won't be safe, it's like at that time they knew each other's mind, thus sima yi said don't go there because it's obviously a trap to cover himself as the stated above
One of the things I did in the military was to instruct ROTC and some OCS officer candidates in military history. I wish I had your videos then. It would have added tremendous value to our classes. Thank you for these videos.
It’s nice to know that they still teach military history & theory I’m curious which classic military texts are still taught to military officers (. . .other than the Art of War by Sun Tzu) If you remember any of the ancient military texts still being taught to officers, I’d be very interested to hear!
@@Alulim-Eridu We still read Clausewitz, though it was a challenge to many young cadet officers. We also did projects on the Seven Military Classics of China. We read some of Liddell-Hart's work, Mao on Guerrilla Warfare, TE Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom, Rommel's Infantry Attacks, and some of the works of John Keegan, Anthony Beevor, Correlli Barnett, and Stephen Ambrose. Admittedly, not all of these are ancient, but some are classics nonetheless. One of my students took a staff college course when he made LTC and did a thesis on the Story of the Three Kingdoms and it's relevance to military strategy. I was one of his thesis advisers.
You know how hard it is in Dynasty Warriors games to guard Zhuge Liang to pray to change the wind? And guarding the other guy to light the fire too? But man if you play as Cao Cao's side good luck trying to stop the plan of the allies because they have a ton of officers too!
Her name is Zhen Fu, Cao Cao would like to keep such hot teen as his concubine initially, but granted her to Cao Pi to honour Pi's battle achievement against the remnants of Yuan Xi. Meanwhile, Cao's 4th son in line, Cao Zhi, 2nd biological younger brother of Pi also sweep off her feet, yet could only praise her with his poem “LuoShenFu”, meaning fall in love with goddess of river Luo
@@pypy1986820Indeed! As the warlord, Zhang Xiu (nephew to Dong Zhuo's 1/4 favoured general Zhang Ji) who subjugated the city of Wan to Cao. Cao sets his target on Lady Zou (widow of Zhang Ji& aunt in law to Zhang Xiu) then Xiu raids Cao's camp in the city as he can't endure such humiliation. The lost for Cao was great, as lady Zou; his firstborn son, Cao Ang; his nephew Cao An Min and his bodyguard, Dian Wei all perished...Surprisingly Cao didn't kill Xiu due to his guiltiness
Kings and Generals - props to you guys for getting the names right in recent videos. I know I've complained before. I appreciate the effort and I salute you guys!
Cao Cao: Thanos with all infinity stones Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei - Some random avengers One out of 14 million scenarios that Liu Bei could decisively defeat Cao Cao at the battlefield of Red Cliff. Zhou Yu: As Captain Marvel(Dong Wu), I am your only hope.
My favourite part was when General Zhou Yun grabbed Liu Bei's infant son and single handedly carve his way through hundreds of Cao Cao troops in order to get his lord's child to safety. Totally historically accurate!! ..right? :)
A great video! Though there are some errors I'd like to point out. After the Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu travelled along the Yangtze and camped on the southern bank opposite of Jiangling (on the northern bank). He had to order Gan Nin to capture Yiling (to the west of Jiangling) to serve as a bridgehead from where Zhou Yu could cross the river and surround Jiangling. Also Guan Yu didn't capture Xiangyang but was soundly defeated and forced to withdraw to Xiakou (at the junction of the Han and Yangtze rivers, probably the site of the Battle of Red Cliffs). About the map, Sun Quan kind of never controlled Shouchun and it was firmly under Cao Cao's hands after the defeat of Yuan Shu. Sun Quan controlled only a handful of cities north of the Yangtze River at that time. Shouchun on the other hand was located on the Huai River. Moreover, the location of Xiakou was at the junction of the Yangtze and the Han Rivers and it was likely the location of the Battle of Red Cliffs. Yours is an amazing video nonetheless. I was just giving some constructive criticism. Keep up the good work!!
Loved the video. You guys are nothing if not consistent. Are you planning a video on The Gupta Empire? Just asking. Because the thought of such a video "Puts a smile on my face"
@@retvrntotradition4454 some shia do that but most of them just view the mentioned characters as non divine characters They view the 12 imams as the true leaders of Islam not as gods Not really but it was used during the persecution time to save shia lives
Fun fact: Sun Quan's new officer Gan Ning was the one who killed Huang Zu at Jiang Xia in 208. He did so because of how poorly Huang Zu treated him. Refusing to give Gan Ning credit for their battles against Sun Quan prior including the death of Sun Quan's general Ling Cao which caused the rivalry between him and Ling Cao's son Ling Tong in the years that followed. Huang Zu's poor treatment of Gan Ning was due to his dislike of pirates. Gan Ning was a renowned pirate before serving Liu Biao along side Sun Quan's most trusted general Zhou Tai. As a result, Gan Ning defected to Sun Quan's army and personally led his forces against Huang Zu and personally killing his former commander as revenge for the ill treatment. In truth, Gan Ning was well educated on top of his ability as both a warrior and general and a well accomplished sailor. Gan Ning would serve the Wu Dynasty, participating in many battles including the Battle of Chi Bi (Battle of Red Cliffs) until his death at the Battle of Yi Ling in 220 AD when he was shot in the head by Shu General Sha Moke. Fellow former pirate and fellow Wu Officer Zhou Tai avenged Gan Ning's death when he killed Sha Moke in the following battle (or during Yi Ling...not sure which one).
I love how the three kingdoms are being featured so much lately, thanks total war! I knew literaly nothing about chinese history and this stuff is awesome. Im busy watching the 2010 tv series now.
Another Fun Fact: During Liu Bei's flight from Chang Ban, Liu Bei inadvertently left behind his infant son Liu Shan behind enemy lines (Liu Chan to some Western translations). As a result, Liu Bei's general Zhao Yun charged through Cao Cao's ranks in a spectacular display and rescued the boy returning him to his father. Liu Bei was so furious for Zhao Yun getting injured during the ordeal, Liu Bei threw down his son to the ground as "punishment" for allowing Zhao Yun to get hurt...instead of being joyful of his son's rescue. Liu Bei is seen as the man of virtue but like many stories, there's more darker sides of them than what's known. Liu Bei even executed his own adopted son Liu Feng for his failure during a battle that occurred during Zhuge Liang's campaigns against Wei to recapture Chang An (Xi'an) years later.
I thought he executed Liu Feng because he denied Guan Yu's request for assistance when attempting his retreat from Jing province in the aftermath of the battle of Fan Castle
@@nicknelly8861 The historical account of Liu Feng's execution mentions that he was executed by order to commit suicide. The battle was due to Meng Da's defection to Wei and Meng Da attempted to persuade Liu Feng to defect with him. Which in turn, you are half right but Liu Bei had him commit suicide for both refusal to send Guan Yu aid and Liu Bei blamed him for Meng Da's defection. Both events brought on Liu Bei to decide to execute him. Liu Bei wept as Liu Feng died. Liu Bei never recovered from Liu Feng's execution as he grieved himself to death over him. His grief caused Liu Bei to become sick and die. Especially when he found out how Liu Feng rejected Meng Da's offer to defect which made him feel worse because, in the end, Liu Feng was loyal to his adopted father and loved him obviously.
@@nicknelly8861 Well when you read the historical account of Liu Feng, Meng Da did have valid points for Liu Feng to defect to Wei and the Wei government had offered Liu Feng positions and other things that were his birthright that his biological family held and inherited since before the Fall of the Han Dynasty.
@LagunaShirogane Ahhh, however, I'm sure he recognized the only reason he was in a position to receive those possessions was due to being adopted by Liu Bei. At least from what little I know about him.
If any ones interested. There's a 4 hours (2 parts) film about this battle called Redcliffe that was aired in China. The Western film was cut to 3 hrs.
Again, this Channel is even better than the most documentary tv show now days. Especially that channel that supposedly talking about history but rather talking about Aliens all the time...
This was a pretty interesting video to watch. I knew a fair amount of what went on in this battle. But not what happened afterwards. So nice job. My compliments to whoever made this video a reality.
As far as my understanding goes, there is quite a number of significant difference to the scenario presented. (though this is a pretty good presentation already :), but heavily biased towards the Shu narrative XD ) Most importantly, the # of Cao's ships from Han river is very little. This is because the Han river have low water flow in the winter. It's waterflow will only be strong enough for big ships after spring. If the scenario portrayed here is accurate, then Cao Cao would be able to split its force and bypass the Alliance's main force by pushing through Han Kou (IE the mouth of the Han River). This is also the probable reason why Liu Biao stored its military assets at Jiang Ling, which is along the Yangtze River instead of Han River. This is supported by the fact that Cao Cao prioritised seizing JiangLing over capturing Liu Bei when Liu Bei was caught. Sun Quan is the one who sent Lu Su to Liu Bei's camp initiating the Alliance, Lu Su was sent right when the news of Liu Biao's death reached Sun Quan. Zhuge Liang's mission is merely the invitation of Lu Su. Secondly, the initial skirmish (ie the first crossing) was mostly a naval engagement. Since the Alliance has formidable navy force, it will be a risky decision for Cao to land his troops. Zhou Yu positioned the Alliance ships at a region of the Yangtse River right behind a narrow section of the river. This means if Cao Cao want to engage the Alliance fleet, the naval fight will most likely happen in the narrow section. The sudden narrow of the river means the current is suddenly stronger and wilder. This amplifies the need of an experienced naval units. With the help of the water current, the Alliance fleet held off Cao Cao's first engagement. Zhou Yu & Huang Gai observed the engagement on a hill on the Southern shore, and Huang Gai proposed using flaming attack since the Northern fleet were tightly packed together. The chaining of ships was never mentioned in the official historical records. The ships were tightly packed together probably because of the narrow river and in experienced naval officers. Then the "battle" became a stalemate. Cao Cao then camped on the Northern shores, but with the swampy landscape, this made his camps to be tightly packed (unlike what is shown in the video @12:15). This make spreading the disease quicker. Yet Cao Cao isn't stupid, he is willing to stay at the North Shore because he calculated that there are more factors working in his favor overtime. 1) Once the spring came, Han River will have water deep enough to ship his reinforcement and supplies. 2) His naval forces are getting themselves more and more familiar with the Yangtze River, slowly chipping away the advantage of the Alliance navy. 3) His presence there will give pressure to the Alliance and hopefully slowly crack their unity. 4) The longer he wait, the other areas of Jing Province will become more and more stabilised, allowing him to pour more and more forces to the frontline. 5) With Cao being at the upper River, the Alliance would have to go against the water current to launch an attack. This gives him a strong defensive position. On the Alliance side, Zhou Yu calculated that the longer he held down Cao Cao, the bigger chance there will be an uprising at Cao Cao's homeland. Also, he is buying time for Sun Quan to muster more troops. He originally asked Sun Quan for 50k troops before marching towards Red Cliff, but Sun only gave him 30K, saying that they need more time to muster this much troops, while 30K is now available. And of course, Zhou Yu was waiting for the wind direction to change. Since Zhou Yu had been fighting up river battles previously, he for sure know favorable wind would be a factor that make up the water current disadvantage. Now, moving on to Huang Gai's surrender. We must realise that Huang Gai & Cao Cao was both older than Zhou Yu. Cao Cao see himself as a experienced veteran up against a green boy. Huang Gai's surrender message plays into this mindset of Cao Cao, since it is another senior officer looking down at a young commander. The long stalemate also make the surrender more believable, due to Cao believing there are cracks forming in the Alliance force as said above. Now, when Huang Gai made his flaming attack, he went for the harbour / camps at the Northern shore, instead of the ships parked at Han Kou @13:39. Since the North camps were tightly packed, fire spread quickly. And with the help of the wind direction, the Alliance quickly crossed the River and landed. You know the rest of the story.
I think the greatness of wars in the east was much higher than the west in the ancient age. Skills of the Chinese in organising armies and wars is phenomenal.
This might be the only historical battle YT channel where the narrator actually tries to pronounce the names right. That extra effort goes a long way. Great job!
Oh yea baby! Battle of Chi Bi !!! my favorite map from the games! I also now understand why Liu Bei always had such a small and weak contingent on this map (they were exhuasted and recently defeated ... i finally know!)
I'm glad to see that 3K Hype again! I remember the Days, where I came home from school and started to play DW2 on my brandnew PS2.. That Lu Bu on Hu Lao Gate was way too strong.. xD Greetings from Germany! :)
I recommend watching the film "Red Cliff" as it does a pretty good job (for a blockbuster film anyway) showcasing the battle. Go for the two-disc 4-5 hour version though as the regular theatrical cut has a bunch of holes in it.
Would be awesome if you could cover some conflicts at the end of the Three Kingdoms. Like Zhuge Liang VS. Sima Yi or Sima Yi's grandson finally uniting China.
Even a small kingdom of Dai Viet can assembled an army of 100,000 thousand soldiers during Ly dynasty campaign against the Song. During Le dynasty, emperor assembled an army of 300,000 soldiers destroyed the Champa kingdom. Dai Viet kingdom even have elephant corps.
An example of this observation is the Taiping Rebellion, which is considered to be the bloodiest civil war in history with total death toll of 30-50 million
I notice some comments mentioned the east wind, while although obviously it was not brought by Zhuge Liang's magical power, the wind do exist. We don't know exactly why there's east wind in winter, but most likely it was caused by the temperature difference between land and lake. You know in the south part of China there're many lakes, and many of them are much bigger 1800 years ago. Zhou Yu have always been my favorite person in 3 kingdom era. It's a pity that he died just 2 years after Red Cliff when he was only 35. He did not envy Zhuge Liang (as in the Romance), but he noticed Liu Bei's potential and advised Sun Quan to put Liu Bei under kind of, house arrest to prevent him from becoming a threat to Wu. Sun Quan did not agree with him. Zhou Yu wanted to take Jing and thus united the whole South China, but his dream was not realized because of his sudden death o(╥﹏╥)o. Today people often say Red Cliff decide the foundations of 3 kingdoms in the future, but actually in Zhou Yu's plan he want more than this. On the contrary, Lu Su advised Sun Quan to keep an ally with Liu Bei and let him control Jing. Sun Quan agreed at first, but later he changed his mind and decide to take Jing himself, and ask Lu Meng (his favorite general who has ALWAYS won his trust, don't believe the TV series! Lu Meng is the last person Sun Quan could kill) to attack Guan Yu, who was at that time guarding Jing for Liu Bei. You see? The reason for me to dislike Sun Quan is because he is always changing his plan. I can understand why he broke the ally and take Jing, because without Jing, East Wu is vulnerable to attacks form the upstream of Yangtze River, and Liu Bei is not always trustable (Liu Bei tried to sow discord by telling Sun Quan, Zhou Yu will not be a loyal servant to Quan with his fame won in the Battle of Red Cliff). The problem is, you just cannot let someone expand power, then broke ally with him when he became powerful. Some people argues that Sun Quan just want to keep the Southeast under his control while have no interest in rule over whole China, I disagree with this. Sun Quan do have ambitions for the whole China, but he thought he need to secure his own territory before that. Well nothing wrong with this, however, you need some courage in taking a risk if you want to realize bigger dreams right? Like what his brother (Sun Ce) and his brother's best friend (Zhou Yu) have.
You mentioned in the end of the video, "Cao Cao ordered his cousin Cao Ren to retreat". My question would be, "how did Cao Ren get out of there? Wasn't he like completely surrounded and out of food?"
@@MrHotBagel No, that's just acknowledging... that it isn't perfect. It's not a backhanded compliment because (that part of) it isn't meant to be a compliment at all, but rather a clarification that it's good but not truly legit.
Good to know. I was wondering how good the pronunciation was (I don't speak Mandarin or any other Chinese language). Kings and Generals is a great UA-cam channel, but they often butcher the pronunciation of non-English names quite badly.
Probably plagued by technical issues since Rome 2, CA decided to drop naval battles for 3 kingdoms TW. Naval battles in Rome 2 and Atilla are atrociously bad.
One small mistake in video is that by the time Cao Cao began the war of Guandu, the Han emperor already being located in Cao Cao's capital, XuChang. So to defend the attack from southan warlords also become a reason for Cao Cao decide to attack south first, instead conquer the north-western warlord such as Ma Teng.
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Although I am unable to contribute financially, I will perform my role of translator to broadcast the videos of your channel to my countrymen. I'll make sure that more and more Brazilians will have more historical knowledge thanks to you, guys!
@@mateusmiranda9451 Good work, I've worked in education as well and I take my hat off too you.
Anything on whether or not any Webers were with the German Merencaries at the first siege of Vienna?
Can you do a video about the kingdom of georgia and its victories against the seljuks.
well , 10% of my netlix subscribtion is 10% of zero :)
"I'd rather betray the world, than let the world betray me" ~ Cao cao
Justin Bryan Technically what he said was "I would rather bettay men then let men betray me." The world bit is apocryphal.
Actually maybe Cao Cao didn’t say this well-known sayings😂, this is from “Romance of the three kingdoms” , written by Luo Guanzhong in Ming dynasty, where Liu Bei (and Shu)is honored as the only true suitable candidate of the emperor. Luo written this mainly to show how cruel and greedy Cao is. But in “The history of the three kingdoms” written by Chen Shou, we cannot find it.
Cao Cao would betray us to the space aliens.
The “world” was exaggerated by novel “Romance of Three Kingdoms” and wildly spread in Chinese ethnics.
Historical fantasies persist in amplifying our confusion today.
Future generations will think we actually had lightsabers.
4:56 Cao Cao achieved a swift victory against Wuhuan, but prior to his campaign many of his court believed it too risky and actually advised against it. In fact, Cao had an extremely perilous journey on the way back. His armies underestimated the harshness of the northern environment, and experienced shortage of food and water - forcing them to kill many warhorses for sustenance. Afterwards, Cao ordered for a list of all the people that disapproved his Wuhuan campaign - and rewarded them handsomely. He edicted: "My conquest of Wuhuan was wrought with dangers and only succeeded thanks to fortune and favour from the heavens. But one should not default his (military) operations to luck, and your counsels should be the rock of my design. So now I reward you, and ask that you should never hold your tongue"
Whatever you may think of Cao Cao, this was a good display of leadership and grace.
Cao Cao knew that his power and influence rested on those who supported him and regardless of how selfish and greedy he could be, he knew to treat his own men well in the end. One of the reasons why he's the most popular among Liu Bei and Sun Jian.
@@AxleTrade unlike his imbecile son Cao Pi who staged power for himself, claiming to he Wei emperor, and overthrown Han emperor
Not an comparable two person
Cao Cao had a brilliant strategist. His name is Guo Jia. Many of Cao Cao's northern campaigns were orchestrated by Guo Jia.
the documented savage cruelty and nigh genocidal brutality aside, he wasn't such a bad guy, is that what you're saying?
@@thehellyousayNope. I expressed grudging admiration for a person who did very bad things but elevated himself because of other proficiencies
The Battle of Red Cliff is a prime example of how ingenious tactics can result in a brilliant victory out of an outnumbered situation. The intrigue games plotted by all three camps involved to outwit one another prior to the battle, the dramatic twists and turns during the course of battle, as well as the impacts and developments after the battle, are so fascinating as to have triggered much discussion and study
Arslan Tariq Fun fact. Later on Wu would pull off another fire attack during Liu Bei's campaign in Jing with the Battle of Xiaoting. This time however it happened in a wooded area which the Shu army was camped out. The burning of their camp brought a crushing defeat to Shu and ended their campaign in Jing.
sinnerandprejudice what about the battle of Canne in the second Punic wat
Although not necessarily a grand strategic victory on the scale of something like cannae, red cliff, or Marengo, I like the battle of sekigahara because of its intrigue and tug of war of feelings, it’s like it has its own grand drama going on while a great final battle occurs in the background.
Also many of Caesar’s victories are pure strategic brilliance.
Ur name lol
@sinnerandprejudice It really doesn't although Admiral Yi was admirable in the defense of his nation and caused horrific devastation to the Japanese, it was only when 123 ships of the Ming navy arrived, he then was able to completely wipe out the Japanese navy, and on land, it was only when the northern Ming army and weapons arrived did the Koreans began to counter attack.
Cao Cao had an advisor named Guo Jia who died by sickness during Cao Cao's campaign against Yuan family. Cao Cao even says "if only Guo Jia is still alive.." after his defeat at Red Cliff.
Honestly so much of history is written not truly by victors but by people who did not already die of treatable diseases and illnesses.
By far the best history channel on youtube and only 650k subs... You deserve way more!
Thanks!
have you seen Historia Civilis?
This is the Second best channel
@@KingsandGenerals In my opinion you guys are the most entertaining and immersive history channel on youtube.
@Kürassier1806 Epic History TV is great and all but they upload a single video in a few months. K&G uploads once a week with their "main" video, and also uploads another on Thursday for 2 weekly videos regularly, and sometimes more.
Historia Civilis is also great. So is BazBattles.
Don’t let the romance deceive you. Historically Zhou yu and huang Gai were the real mvps in this battle
ppl who play dynasty warriors know that
lol xD
j inon People who play Dynasty Warriors think Zhuge Liang knew everything and thought Liu Bei was actually virtuous lol
damn!! Wu should Thanks to Shu! and keep their aliance to defeat Cao Wei
@@WanderSeth yep they brainwash the player to believe that zhuge liang did all the things in red cliff
you forgot the 3rd. disease.
Sucks this series never got finished. You guys were doing such a great job on it
Up
I love this series as well, but it is by far the series with most errors.
There are already so many errors on this video in the first two minutes, where the emperor's portrait is on Chang An, when at that time, Cao Cao already moved him to Xuchang. Also, Liu Zhang's province had absolutely no jurisdiction or control over the southern part of Chengdu, whereas in the video, it has the border stretched all the way to Jianning. Even during Liu Shan's era, Shu Han had very limited control of the southern area. Also, Shangyong was NEVER in control of Liu Zhang, ever.
I honestly feel like they dropped this series because they knew that they were making too many errors.
Ever since Dynasty Warriors 3 I've been a huge fan of the Three Kingdoms era. You've done a great job explaining everything man. Thanks for all your efforts!~
Wow you're old
I had the game for gameboy never knew I wud be such a die hard fan
It was Dynasty Tactics 1/2 and DW3 Xtreme Legends for me, but otherwise same, ever since then I've been quite obsessed myself :D
Jing Province: Exists
Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan: *Mine.*
stupid Sun Quan betraying Shu .
@@fixiz8623
Sun Quan didn't.
First, some stupid assassin killed Zhang Fei, then run to Sun Quan, hoped he will reward them. Sun Quan kill them all and send them to Shu.
Than Sun Quan try to take a share of Jing Province as Liu Bei promissed before defeated Cao Cao. After the battle, he banned his general killing Guan Yu but letter can't get in time. (Guan Yu was defeated because Liu Bei's son didn't send reinforcement).
Sun Quan killed the general who killed Guan Yu to make peach with Liu Bei but it didn't work.
@@hoanglinhle4468 its actually because of guan yu arrogant that make wu attacks jing
@@samyd0_0
- I don't think leader of a country launch an attack to ally just because someone arrogant.
- Wu want a share of Jing at a very beginning. (after Sun Ce created Wu)
- Liu Bei promised to give Wu a share of Jing after he take Shu.
- Guan Yu didn't know about the contract, he just follow his order "take care of Jing".
@@hoanglinhle4468 and sun quan once offer to marry guan yu daughter with sun quan son, but guan yu refuses it and mock wu with this word "why would daughter of the dragon/tiger (i forget which one) marry a son of a coward" that is one of the reason too
*Oversimpliefied led me here*
But now I learn with more details
Then you got punished severely
Cao Cao ws the best candidate to unite the 3K, all Red Cliff did was delay the inevitable unification of China under an ambitious figure who had the will and thrust to do the job.
Looking at how poorly the Sima clan fared after they took over China and how the north was invaded by northern steppe people after Jin's internal wars it might be best had Cao Cao simply united China, at least then it will be under competent leadership.
Say what you will about the so called Darth Vader of China, but the enemies of Westeros feared Tywin Lannister, and the enemies of the Galactic Empire- such as the Yuuzhan Vong directly stated that they feared a unified and militariestic regime under Emperor Palpatine.
Oda Nobunaga falls under this too. The bad PR with fighting 'monks' is ridiculous. Those 'monks' weren't a religious organization, they were warriors who use the label of 'monk' to be a warlord faction without having to follow rules the others had to.
@@Gooong Cao Cao and Nobunaga were pretty rough man, even hideyoshi was an angel compared to him, nobunaga had a maid executed for leaving a stem of a fruit on his floor lmao. But even then, nobunaga is still extremely respected in japan even when compared to other legendary figures like ieyasu and sakamoto.
@Edit: He even won a top 100 most popular historical people contest once en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Top_100_Historical_Persons_in_Japan
@@HenriqueRJchiki why Sakamoto Ryoma not being respected?
IMO, Cao Cao is chinese Julius Caesar
Three Kingdoms makes Game of Thrones look like a children's book
history usually does make fiction look silly.
Chinise history really is the most similar to GOT
Another video on the Three Kingdoms--thank you, Kings and Generals!
Ah finally, the largest naval battle in terms of ships ever fought is upon us. Cao Cao’s arrogance caused his defeat just as much as the strategy of Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu. I’ve been to the site, and it’s beautiful. There’s even a Guan Yu “Transformer” protecting the site.
Pro player Zhuge Liang finally comes lol
honestly though, he wasn't the strongest player, but was good at keeping the coalition together
@@ilikedota5 TBH he already did everything he could.
He genius though
lol who won zhudge liang or sima yi zhudge liang cousin zhudge dan was a clown
@@ilikedota5 isn't it funny how sima yi family would over throw caocao family and unite china creating the jin dynasty that shit really blew my brains
Dang, another series left undone and this series is so good. Please come back and finish your old series.
Shoutout to Dynasty Warriors for introducing me to this hype period
with too much historical inaccuracy
@@firstnamelastname4249 who cares about historical accuracy in hack and slash genre back then?
@@firstnamelastname4249 and the novel wasn't much better either in terms of historical accuracy....
YIII BOI!
To Koei's credit though, the Warriors series got me into ancient War history :)
There is a little mistake. Chang'an is closer to Luoyang, but the Chang'an location marked in the map is too western, almost to Chen Chang, the capital of Yongzhou.
And，Fankou is the northern part of Jiangxia County. On the left side of the Yangtze River in the Han River, Jiang Xia is the base camp of Liu Qi, and the Battle of Red cliffs takes place in Baqiu, the southern part of Jiangxia, instead of entering the Yangtze River estuary.
If you need any maps about the War of the Three Kingdoms, cities, provinces, I think I can help
I've been waiting badly for another Three Kingdoms video. I really appreciate this series as I really haven't learned much about China outside of the Qing to Modern period.
There we go, one of the most famous war in China history, thank you Kings and generals.
Why do you think did the soldiers fight for their lords? Because they liked them? To defend their homeland? To earn money and spoil? Or were they forced?
@@0000-z4z It depends. Early generals of Cao Cao either come from his relatives(Cao clan and Xiahou clan) or prisoner of wars who became convinced that Cao Cao could lead to the unity of China. Sun Wu's generals and advisors were mainly local nobles or friends of the Sun family who wished to protect their own interest in southeastern China. Liu Bei however, received many prominent generals and advisors through personal charisma. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were his sword brothers. Advisors like Zhuge Liang, Fa Zheng and even a defector like Zhang Song were moved by his ambition to reunite China under the banner of Han and his moral compared to other more powerful warlords.
0000000 0000000 Many reasons, but money and food are foundation to an army. During the yellow turbans rebellion, rich family can easily have a small army, like Caocao’s army built by his rich family, Liubei’s first army built by Zhangfei sold his peach orchard and business to support. Most soldiers fight because they got food in army, and many were forced by “serving duty”, and some people fight for glory who became heroes if they survived in battle.
waiting 11 more days for Total War: Three Kingdoms. I want to conquer all of ancient China as a warlord.
lol who doesn't? I hope you had fun!
There's a popular misconception that Liu Bei used only small number of forces, and basically let the Sun armies do all the work -- and then trick them to take over Jing province... but this is mostly from the novels. In actual records there are some contradictions, but most sources credit Liu Bei as much as Zhou Yu as leading the fight, and Cao Cao actually addresses his sneer toward Liu Bei while on the run (yes, this 'sneer' is not just from the novels, and it is actually recorded in the texts -- although the novelized version is heavily exaggerated).
.
So Liu Bei, did fight as a part of the alliance as hard as anyone else. Modern estimates put the allied forces at around 50 thousand men, among which 20 thousand was Liu Bei's. Of the 30-thousand-strong Sun army, 20 thousand was commanded by Zhou You and Cheng Pu, and Sun Quan held 10 thousand as reserves.
Liu Bei took only a limited part in the Battle of Red Cliffs and next to none at Jiangling. While Zhou Yu led the forces along the Yangtze to strike at Jiangling, Liu Bei marched south to capture Changsha, Guiyang, Lingling and Wuling. Guan Yu who led a force to cut off Jiangling by capturing Xiangyang (to the north of Jiangling) was soundly defeated and had to retreat.
@@rwikdutta3618
Like said, sources are actually contradictory. But the number of sources that say Liu Bei was an active combatant, outnumbers the one source that says otherwise.
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That's the position this episode of Kings and Generals took as well, it seems.
@@kweassa6204 Which source you mean?
Most historical sources I know of credit Zhou Yu mostly.
Cao Cao addressed his sneer toward Zhou Yu too :))) But well, its hard to believe his words ;)
Some sources say wuhuan leader Tadun was spotted by Zhang Liao in battle and then killed by him in duel, but some say he was captured and personally slayed by Zhang Liao, I don't know which one is correct. By the way Zhang Fei was absolutely a beast at Changban bridge he single handedly blocked the advance of the whole 5000 elite cavalry of Cao Cao and covered for Liu Bei's retreat.
Alexander Cao stopped his ongoing army not bcs Fei screamed: “I’m Zhang Fei of Yan, who dares challenging me?!” It was bcs the dusty backgrounds that Fei created which Cao doubted if there’s ambush...but soon Cao discovered he was fooled as Fei ordered to deconstruct the bridge after his withdraw, then Cao ordered a chase
@@hyltoniali257 That was enormous courage tho
There are many similarities between European history and East Asian history.
E.g:
During the ancient Greek period, China was the Eastern Zhou Dynasty;
During the ancient Greek period, there were many philosophers, Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Thales, Heraclitus, and Archimedes. During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, there were also many philosophers, Laozi, Confucius, Mencius, and Zhuangzi. Han Feizi, Xunzi, Mozi, Shangyang, Guan Zhong.
Ancient Greece was occupied by Alexandria and established the Macedonian Empire; the feudal state of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed and unified by Emperor Qin Shihuang, and the Qin Empire was established.
The Macedonian Empire and the Qin Empire are very short.
After the demise of the Macedonian Empire, the Roman Empire appeared in Europe. Similarly, after the fall of the Qin Empire, the Han Empire appeared in China.
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Europe was invaded by barbarians in the 4th and 5th centuries; similarly, after the Han Empire collapsed, it experienced the Three Kingdoms Civil War and was invaded by barbarians in the 4th century.
Shi Xie went into Vietnam and Gongsun Du went into Korea. Both of them and their influence was never mentioned in Chinese history.
Zhuge Liang: the grandmaster of Empty Fortress Strategy!
Teddy Kimathi But some historians suggest his rival Sima Yi is smarter as if he did actually storm the empty city and captured/ killed Zhuge, then he & his sons will surely be doubted to king MingDi(Cao Rui) of Wei due to high prestige of his family
@@hyltoniali257 Sima Yi is smarter than a lot of people think. Apparently, if Sima Yi go in and storm the castle, the Caos will find no use for him.
@@wesleyhsu6659 that's true but it is zhuge liang who actually outsmart him in this case, he intentionally let the fortress shown weak because he too knew that if sima yi captured him, his position in wei won't be safe, it's like at that time they knew each other's mind, thus sima yi said don't go there because it's obviously a trap to cover himself as the stated above
One of the things I did in the military was to instruct ROTC and some OCS officer candidates in military history. I wish I had your videos then. It would have added tremendous value to our classes. Thank you for these videos.
It’s nice to know that they still teach military history & theory
I’m curious which classic military texts are still taught to military officers
(. . .other than the Art of War by Sun Tzu)
If you remember any of the ancient military texts still being taught to officers,
I’d be very interested to hear!
@@Alulim-Eridu We still read Clausewitz, though it was a challenge to many young cadet officers. We also did projects on the Seven Military Classics of China. We read some of Liddell-Hart's work, Mao on Guerrilla Warfare, TE Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom, Rommel's Infantry Attacks, and some of the works of John Keegan, Anthony Beevor, Correlli Barnett, and Stephen Ambrose. Admittedly, not all of these are ancient, but some are classics nonetheless. One of my students took a staff college course when he made LTC and did a thesis on the Story of the Three Kingdoms and it's relevance to military strategy. I was one of his thesis advisers.
You know how hard it is in Dynasty Warriors games to guard Zhuge Liang to pray to change the wind? And guarding the other guy to light the fire too?
But man if you play as Cao Cao's side good luck trying to stop the plan of the allies because they have a ton of officers too!
One time I've read about Cao Cao' second son Cao Pi that after the death of Yuan Xi around 204 Cao Pi took Yuan Xi's wife to be his.
Her name is Zhen Fu, Cao Cao would like to keep such hot teen as his concubine initially, but granted her to Cao Pi to honour Pi's battle achievement against the remnants of Yuan Xi. Meanwhile, Cao's 4th son in line, Cao Zhi, 2nd biological younger brother of Pi also sweep off her feet, yet could only praise her with his poem “LuoShenFu”, meaning fall in love with goddess of river Luo
@@hyltoniali257 Hot teen....I like your way of describing her hahahaha
@@pypy1986820Indeed! As the warlord, Zhang Xiu (nephew to Dong Zhuo's 1/4 favoured general Zhang Ji) who subjugated the city of Wan to Cao. Cao sets his target on Lady Zou (widow of Zhang Ji& aunt in law to Zhang Xiu) then Xiu raids Cao's camp in the city as he can't endure such humiliation. The lost for Cao was great, as lady Zou; his firstborn son, Cao Ang; his nephew Cao An Min and his bodyguard, Dian Wei all perished...Surprisingly Cao didn't kill Xiu due to his guiltiness
napolien 1 zhen ji that’s her name
@@spirowthedragon457 Isn't she that nylon clad Wei slut with a fan or a flute from Dynasty Warriors series?
Man bro nice pronunciation, especially on Sun Quan. NOICE x3
Great works Kings and Generals always loved reading this part of history
Kings and Generals - props to you guys for getting the names right in recent videos. I know I've complained before. I appreciate the effort and I salute you guys!
Thanks for watching!
Cao Cao: Thanos with all infinity stones
Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei - Some random avengers
One out of 14 million scenarios that Liu Bei could decisively defeat Cao Cao at the battlefield of Red Cliff.
Zhou Yu: As Captain Marvel(Dong Wu), I am your only hope.
It'd be nice if the next videos about the death of Guan Yu at Mai Castle and continue with Liu Bei's avenge on Sun Quan
Yuan Shao: Dies
Cao Cao: I see this as an absolute win!
My Favourite History Channel
My favourite part was when General Zhou Yun grabbed Liu Bei's infant son and single handedly carve his way through hundreds of Cao Cao troops in order to get his lord's child to safety. Totally historically accurate!! ..right? :)
You ever heard of wuxia? Fantasy and historical fiction is popular in China
Is this series ever going to be concluded? There is so much left to cover... I hope K&G remember about their 3K videos.
14:43 "但这操作必须很骚" good translation.
A great video! Though there are some errors I'd like to point out. After the Battle of Red Cliffs, Zhou Yu travelled along the Yangtze and camped on the southern bank opposite of Jiangling (on the northern bank). He had to order Gan Nin to capture Yiling (to the west of Jiangling) to serve as a bridgehead from where Zhou Yu could cross the river and surround Jiangling. Also Guan Yu didn't capture Xiangyang but was soundly defeated and forced to withdraw to Xiakou (at the junction of the Han and Yangtze rivers, probably the site of the Battle of Red Cliffs).
About the map,
Sun Quan kind of never controlled Shouchun and it was firmly under Cao Cao's hands after the defeat of Yuan Shu. Sun Quan controlled only a handful of cities north of the Yangtze River at that time. Shouchun on the other hand was located on the Huai River. Moreover, the location of Xiakou was at the junction of the Yangtze and the Han Rivers and it was likely the location of the Battle of Red Cliffs.
Yours is an amazing video nonetheless. I was just giving some constructive criticism. Keep up the good work!!
After Zhuge Liang appeared, I was too hyped 😂😂
One of the most epic battle of Chinese History. And awesome the CA sponsor Kings and Generals !!!!
Loved the video. You guys are nothing if not consistent.
Are you planning a video on The Gupta Empire? Just asking. Because the thought of such a video
"Puts a smile on my face"
One of the best history channels.
15:00 "Zhou Yu ordered Guan Yu to infiltrate his enemy's rear." LMFAO!!
Historically, Zhouyu Yu gave Guan Yu some navel support but definitely no military commands. I think Zhuge Liang was the one with the tactics.
@@Leon-kp9uc Zhuge was the one to steady their alliance,with Huang being the strategy provider and Zhou the main general.
@@Leon-kp9uc So I guess he did have the right to give orders to Guan,but Guan had to move under Liu's permission
It is a good day when you upload
@@retvrntotradition4454 why are you asking ?
@@retvrntotradition4454 Shia unironically but not sectarian and you should avoid it because it is harmful
@@retvrntotradition4454 I unironically like both of them
@@retvrntotradition4454 some shia do that but most of them just view the mentioned characters as non divine characters
They view the 12 imams as the true leaders of Islam not as gods
Not really but it was used during the persecution time to save shia lives
Yes I've been waiting for this!
Fun fact: Sun Quan's new officer Gan Ning was the one who killed Huang Zu at Jiang Xia in 208. He did so because of how poorly Huang Zu treated him. Refusing to give Gan Ning credit for their battles against Sun Quan prior including the death of Sun Quan's general Ling Cao which caused the rivalry between him and Ling Cao's son Ling Tong in the years that followed. Huang Zu's poor treatment of Gan Ning was due to his dislike of pirates. Gan Ning was a renowned pirate before serving Liu Biao along side Sun Quan's most trusted general Zhou Tai. As a result, Gan Ning defected to Sun Quan's army and personally led his forces against Huang Zu and personally killing his former commander as revenge for the ill treatment. In truth, Gan Ning was well educated on top of his ability as both a warrior and general and a well accomplished sailor. Gan Ning would serve the Wu Dynasty, participating in many battles including the Battle of Chi Bi (Battle of Red Cliffs) until his death at the Battle of Yi Ling in 220 AD when he was shot in the head by Shu General Sha Moke. Fellow former pirate and fellow Wu Officer Zhou Tai avenged Gan Ning's death when he killed Sha Moke in the following battle (or during Yi Ling...not sure which one).
Absolutely magificent video. Can’t wait for another episode.
I love how the three kingdoms are being featured so much lately, thanks total war! I knew literaly nothing about chinese history and this stuff is awesome. Im busy watching the 2010 tv series now.
Would love to see you cover the legend of Chiwoo the legendary mythical king of the Miao people.
Great video! It's cool that you partnered with Total War.
Thanks!
Just bought the game with your link. Can't wait for May 23! :D
y didn t he just show dynasty warriors?
james brook probably too “out there” for the regular K&G fan.
The Han Dynasty units in this Attila TW mod looks amazing...as good as or even better than the units we've seen so far in TW3K.
Huang Gai's plot reminds me a bit of Tyrion's in the Battle of the Blackwater.
Let me guess, sponsored by Total War 3 Kingdoms?
Still, keep up the good work!
Hey, if you can make money and do great work at the same time, more power to ya
Well duh.
I'm soon going to become an expert on this period
What do you mean "Let me guess". It's confirmed at the beginning of the video...
well said XD
Finally! Been waiting for this! 😊
Cao Cao: Man, after I'm done at Jiangliang, gonna unite China and whoop dat Liu Bei, heh heh.
Huang Gai: *BE GONE THOT!!*
Cao Cao: *NANI ?!*
huang gai invented bdsm🌚
lmfao simyi in the background with his children plotting to backstab caocao
@@jamesbrook7440 simayi my mannnn
Dear Kings and Generals - would you consider making a video about Sun Tzu and the Art of War?
We'll see
The film Red Cliff by John Woo is a masterpiece
You forgot to mention when zhuge liang used magic to make the wind point the right way.
*rains down boulders from a cliff*
Another Fun Fact: During Liu Bei's flight from Chang Ban, Liu Bei inadvertently left behind his infant son Liu Shan behind enemy lines (Liu Chan to some Western translations). As a result, Liu Bei's general Zhao Yun charged through Cao Cao's ranks in a spectacular display and rescued the boy returning him to his father. Liu Bei was so furious for Zhao Yun getting injured during the ordeal, Liu Bei threw down his son to the ground as "punishment" for allowing Zhao Yun to get hurt...instead of being joyful of his son's rescue. Liu Bei is seen as the man of virtue but like many stories, there's more darker sides of them than what's known. Liu Bei even executed his own adopted son Liu Feng for his failure during a battle that occurred during Zhuge Liang's campaigns against Wei to recapture Chang An (Xi'an) years later.
I thought he executed Liu Feng because he denied Guan Yu's request for assistance when attempting his retreat from Jing province in the aftermath of the battle of Fan Castle
@@nicknelly8861 The historical account of Liu Feng's execution mentions that he was executed by order to commit suicide. The battle was due to Meng Da's defection to Wei and Meng Da attempted to persuade Liu Feng to defect with him. Which in turn, you are half right but Liu Bei had him commit suicide for both refusal to send Guan Yu aid and Liu Bei blamed him for Meng Da's defection. Both events brought on Liu Bei to decide to execute him. Liu Bei wept as Liu Feng died. Liu Bei never recovered from Liu Feng's execution as he grieved himself to death over him. His grief caused Liu Bei to become sick and die. Especially when he found out how Liu Feng rejected Meng Da's offer to defect which made him feel worse because, in the end, Liu Feng was loyal to his adopted father and loved him obviously.
@@LagunaShirogane ohhhh that makes a lot of sense. Thanks for the information! I swear meng da could never pick a side to save his life, the irony.
@@nicknelly8861 Well when you read the historical account of Liu Feng, Meng Da did have valid points for Liu Feng to defect to Wei and the Wei government had offered Liu Feng positions and other things that were his birthright that his biological family held and inherited since before the Fall of the Han Dynasty.
@LagunaShirogane Ahhh, however, I'm sure he recognized the only reason he was in a position to receive those possessions was due to being adopted by Liu Bei. At least from what little I know about him.
That was some Battle of the Blackwater Bay strategy right there.
But more logical one, using the fire and wind i mean
If any ones interested. There's a 4 hours (2 parts) film about this battle called Redcliffe that was aired in China. The Western film was cut to 3 hrs.
Again, this Channel is even better than the most documentary tv show now days. Especially that channel that supposedly talking about history but rather talking about Aliens all the time...
Thank you :)
@@KingsandGenerals you are welcome...
This was a pretty interesting video to watch. I knew a fair amount of what went on in this battle. But not what happened afterwards. So nice job. My compliments to whoever made this video a reality.
thx god it wasnot a GOT video
Lol it seems you don't like got
I agree!!!!!
Exactly, that show ruined so much
@@symonjefferson708 tbh lot of series should be on thsi channel for ex Russia Sweden and early Muslim conquests
these series much worthy than BS GOT
Sundays are the real videos. Wednesday is miscellaneous and extra stuff
As far as my understanding goes, there is quite a number of significant difference to the scenario presented. (though this is a pretty good presentation already :), but heavily biased towards the Shu narrative XD )
Most importantly, the # of Cao's ships from Han river is very little. This is because the Han river have low water flow in the winter. It's waterflow will only be strong enough for big ships after spring. If the scenario portrayed here is accurate, then Cao Cao would be able to split its force and bypass the Alliance's main force by pushing through Han Kou (IE the mouth of the Han River). This is also the probable reason why Liu Biao stored its military assets at Jiang Ling, which is along the Yangtze River instead of Han River. This is supported by the fact that Cao Cao prioritised seizing JiangLing over capturing Liu Bei when Liu Bei was caught.
Sun Quan is the one who sent Lu Su to Liu Bei's camp initiating the Alliance, Lu Su was sent right when the news of Liu Biao's death reached Sun Quan. Zhuge Liang's mission is merely the invitation of Lu Su.
Secondly, the initial skirmish (ie the first crossing) was mostly a naval engagement. Since the Alliance has formidable navy force, it will be a risky decision for Cao to land his troops. Zhou Yu positioned the Alliance ships at a region of the Yangtse River right behind a narrow section of the river. This means if Cao Cao want to engage the Alliance fleet, the naval fight will most likely happen in the narrow section. The sudden narrow of the river means the current is suddenly stronger and wilder. This amplifies the need of an experienced naval units. With the help of the water current, the Alliance fleet held off Cao Cao's first engagement. Zhou Yu & Huang Gai observed the engagement on a hill on the Southern shore, and Huang Gai proposed using flaming attack since the Northern fleet were tightly packed together. The chaining of ships was never mentioned in the official historical records. The ships were tightly packed together probably because of the narrow river and in experienced naval officers.
Then the "battle" became a stalemate. Cao Cao then camped on the Northern shores, but with the swampy landscape, this made his camps to be tightly packed (unlike what is shown in the video @12:15). This make spreading the disease quicker. Yet Cao Cao isn't stupid, he is willing to stay at the North Shore because he calculated that there are more factors working in his favor overtime. 1) Once the spring came, Han River will have water deep enough to ship his reinforcement and supplies. 2) His naval forces are getting themselves more and more familiar with the Yangtze River, slowly chipping away the advantage of the Alliance navy. 3) His presence there will give pressure to the Alliance and hopefully slowly crack their unity. 4) The longer he wait, the other areas of Jing Province will become more and more stabilised, allowing him to pour more and more forces to the frontline. 5) With Cao being at the upper River, the Alliance would have to go against the water current to launch an attack. This gives him a strong defensive position.
On the Alliance side, Zhou Yu calculated that the longer he held down Cao Cao, the bigger chance there will be an uprising at Cao Cao's homeland. Also, he is buying time for Sun Quan to muster more troops. He originally asked Sun Quan for 50k troops before marching towards Red Cliff, but Sun only gave him 30K, saying that they need more time to muster this much troops, while 30K is now available. And of course, Zhou Yu was waiting for the wind direction to change. Since Zhou Yu had been fighting up river battles previously, he for sure know favorable wind would be a factor that make up the water current disadvantage.
Now, moving on to Huang Gai's surrender. We must realise that Huang Gai & Cao Cao was both older than Zhou Yu. Cao Cao see himself as a experienced veteran up against a green boy. Huang Gai's surrender message plays into this mindset of Cao Cao, since it is another senior officer looking down at a young commander. The long stalemate also make the surrender more believable, due to Cao believing there are cracks forming in the Alliance force as said above. Now, when Huang Gai made his flaming attack, he went for the harbour / camps at the Northern shore, instead of the ships parked at Han Kou @13:39. Since the North camps were tightly packed, fire spread quickly. And with the help of the wind direction, the Alliance quickly crossed the River and landed. You know the rest of the story.
I think the greatness of wars in the east was much higher than the west in the ancient age. Skills of the Chinese in organising armies and wars is phenomenal.
This might be the only historical battle YT channel where the narrator actually tries to pronounce the names right. That extra effort goes a long way. Great job!
15:02 "infiltrate his enemy's rear" -Officially David 2019
Another one for the books! Well done👌
Thanks!
Oh yea baby! Battle of Chi Bi !!! my favorite map from the games! I also now understand why Liu Bei always had such a small and weak contingent on this map (they were exhuasted and recently defeated ... i finally know!)
I'm glad to see that 3K Hype again! I remember the Days, where I came home from school and started to play DW2 on my brandnew PS2.. That Lu Bu on Hu Lao Gate was way too strong.. xD Greetings from Germany! :)
good job on iconic red cliff battle
I recommend watching the film "Red Cliff" as it does a pretty good job (for a blockbuster film anyway) showcasing the battle. Go for the two-disc 4-5 hour version though as the regular theatrical cut has a bunch of holes in it.
you should watch three kingdoms 2010 series episode 38-43 instead, its way better
We need more videos on the three kingdom period
My new favorite channel 💎
Welcome aboard!
@@KingsandGenerals thank you 😃
Hey hey hey hey... it’s time to kick off Sunday with a little bit of a history lesson!
Would be awesome if you could cover some conflicts at the end of the Three Kingdoms. Like Zhuge Liang VS. Sima Yi or Sima Yi's grandson finally uniting China.
16:36 I’m glad Cao Cao lost, otherwise we wouldn’t have any of the Three Kingdoms media.
Long awaiter documentary, i never read the historical battle of red cliffs
Thanks for watching!
I just found out about this channel. I'm glad I did.
*Cao Cao marches south*
Liu Xuan (If I spelled it wrong I apologise): "I surrender!" *In Spongebob voice*
Patrick Weber Assume u mean Liu Cong, the younger son of Liu Biao. But very similar to Liu Bei’s style name, Xuan De
@@hyltoniali257 Are you Chinese?
They are not lying when they say Asia owns the bloodiest battles in history
Even a small kingdom of Dai Viet can assembled an army of 100,000 thousand soldiers during Ly dynasty campaign against the Song. During Le dynasty, emperor assembled an army of 300,000 soldiers destroyed the Champa kingdom. Dai Viet kingdom even have elephant corps.
An example of this observation is the Taiping Rebellion, which is considered to be the bloodiest civil war in history with total death toll of 30-50 million
I notice some comments mentioned the east wind, while although obviously it was not brought by Zhuge Liang's magical power, the wind do exist. We don't know exactly why there's east wind in winter, but most likely it was caused by the temperature difference between land and lake. You know in the south part of China there're many lakes, and many of them are much bigger 1800 years ago.
Zhou Yu have always been my favorite person in 3 kingdom era. It's a pity that he died just 2 years after Red Cliff when he was only 35. He did not envy Zhuge Liang (as in the Romance), but he noticed Liu Bei's potential and advised Sun Quan to put Liu Bei under kind of, house arrest to prevent him from becoming a threat to Wu. Sun Quan did not agree with him. Zhou Yu wanted to take Jing and thus united the whole South China, but his dream was not realized because of his sudden death o(╥﹏╥)o. Today people often say Red Cliff decide the foundations of 3 kingdoms in the future, but actually in Zhou Yu's plan he want more than this.
On the contrary, Lu Su advised Sun Quan to keep an ally with Liu Bei and let him control Jing. Sun Quan agreed at first, but later he changed his mind and decide to take Jing himself, and ask Lu Meng (his favorite general who has ALWAYS won his trust, don't believe the TV series! Lu Meng is the last person Sun Quan could kill) to attack Guan Yu, who was at that time guarding Jing for Liu Bei.
You see? The reason for me to dislike Sun Quan is because he is always changing his plan. I can understand why he broke the ally and take Jing, because without Jing, East Wu is vulnerable to attacks form the upstream of Yangtze River, and Liu Bei is not always trustable (Liu Bei tried to sow discord by telling Sun Quan, Zhou Yu will not be a loyal servant to Quan with his fame won in the Battle of Red Cliff). The problem is, you just cannot let someone expand power, then broke ally with him when he became powerful. Some people argues that Sun Quan just want to keep the Southeast under his control while have no interest in rule over whole China, I disagree with this. Sun Quan do have ambitions for the whole China, but he thought he need to secure his own territory before that. Well nothing wrong with this, however, you need some courage in taking a risk if you want to realize bigger dreams right? Like what his brother (Sun Ce) and his brother's best friend (Zhou Yu) have.
Yichen Liu Lu Meng was an absolute badass of the highest degree
You mentioned in the end of the video, "Cao Cao ordered his cousin Cao Ren to retreat". My question would be, "how did Cao Ren get out of there? Wasn't he like completely surrounded and out of food?"
The path to the north is not blocked and reinforcement from the north is possible.
Before Sui 隋, Jin 晉 was also a united Chinese dynasty
Well done on the pronunciation. Far from perfect, but about as good as it gets from a non-Chinese speaker.
damn, sounds like a backhanded compliment (far from perfect)
@@MrHotBagel No, that's just acknowledging... that it isn't perfect. It's not a backhanded compliment because (that part of) it isn't meant to be a compliment at all, but rather a clarification that it's good but not truly legit.
Good to know. I was wondering how good the pronunciation was (I don't speak Mandarin or any other Chinese language). Kings and Generals is a great UA-cam channel, but they often butcher the pronunciation of non-English names quite badly.
This makes me sad CA has confirmed there will be no naval battles in Total War: Three Kingdoms.
seeing the red cliff battle is still mainly a land battle instead of a naval battle, I am fine with that.
Probably plagued by technical issues since Rome 2, CA decided to drop naval battles for 3 kingdoms TW. Naval battles in Rome 2 and Atilla are atrociously bad.
Cao Cao, a great commander. Guo Jia, a brilliant strategist under Cao. Both were so compatible in the northern campaigns.
Zhang fei at Chang ban was not mentioned, zhao yun saving liu beis son 😂😂
"Some battles you win, some battles you lose"
Thank you. Thank you. I love the three kingdoms. I always ask you videos about all the characters in this epic. You are the best😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍
One small mistake in video is that by the time Cao Cao began the war of Guandu, the Han emperor already being located in Cao Cao's capital, XuChang.
So to defend the attack from southan warlords also become a reason for Cao Cao decide to attack south first, instead conquer the north-western warlord such as Ma Teng.
Battle of Red Ciffs between Cao Cao's Army and the Sun-Liu Alliance
Brings back about 20yrs memories of playing dynasty warriors :)
Truly a top 10 anime betrayals...
Dynasty warriors brought me here to this cool documentary!!