I am a cardiologist and eventhough I know all these stuffs in my head I watched your videos to learn how to explain it so clearly to my students. However at this point I would just give them the link to your videos because I doubt I can explain it better than you with all these graphics😂 really well done!
This comment is so wholesome. As a student if my professors watched ninja nerd to explain to me in the best way they could, I’d feel cared for and like they actually cared to explain things to me in the best way they could.. so THANK YOU 😊
We need professor like you . Our professor just talks about random things and teach us like pharmassist , he forgets that we are doctors we do not need to know all the dosage of drugs , half life and pharamokinetics.
I appreciate your videos. I'm a firefighter/Medic and I watch your videos periodically as a refresher. Your take on physiology and the way you teach fits my learning style perfectly.
Quick tip to help you understand better: Inside of cell is more negative than outside of cell AT REST. This means they are polar. Opposite charges (the old saying polar opposites). When a cell depolarizes (de=not) the inside of the cell is becoming more positive meaning they are becoming less polar. When the cell depolarizes (re= again), it is becoming negative again back to the resting state of the cell.
Hands down the best channel to ace any concept regarding any physiological concept . Can't believe u taught Arrythmias so well that no teacher or any other video on UA-cam could have done "Thanks for existing Zach "❤
Your lectures help to clear the concepts about the particular subject.... our vision becomes crystal clear. No matter how many times I read antiarrhythmics, I used to get confused and frustrated. But hey, after watching this full video, I feel a lot confident about the topic now!! I really admire the efforts you guys put in to teach the subject. And I adore your capability to learn, understand and then teach any topic that you present. I am following you since a year now, and not a single lecture was there where I got bored or neglected the teacher 😉. You have the mesmerizing capacity to keep your audience glued to your lecture till the very end, and very few people in the world harbor this captivating ability... you stimulate me to study hard and harder. I can't thank you enough. Love you guys! Be blessed always. And keep teaching!!!
I was literally just taught this topic this morning in my pharmacology class. Thank you for all you do, you guys have been a tremendous help in getting me this far in pharmacy school🙇🏾♀️🙇🏾♀️❤️
Congrats on 2m!!🥳🎉 u guys more than deserve it! from the bottom of my heart, thank you Zach and team for everything that you do! idk how I would be getting through PA school without ur help! Ninja nerd for life:)
this is actually fantastic. It is genuine practical explanation and relevance to clinicians. It isnt regurgitating a textbook and you've really thought about how to teach. great work
Good lecture Doc. I will say as someone who has taken both flecainide and currently propafenone this was very informative. HOWEVER, with propafenone it does have a minimum beta blockade effect as well. Grant it, it's not major but it's worth mentioning in full disclosure. I take propafenone for symptomatic pvcs, although now I am taking it post ablation,( which I had on March 17th this year while my heart recovers). Flecainide is a good drug, but it ran its course with me, (after 4yrs). I am 44yrs old. I thank GOD for my electrophysiologist who switched me from ditilazem to flecainide when he did. He is the same one who just did my cardiac ablation. NOTE: I had wpw, but that was ablated in 99 while I was a soldier at the young age of 20. Much of my pvcs came from that residual scar tissue from that first ablation. I hope and pray that I am done with ablations for the rest of my existence. GOD Bless.
This is one of the most life saving videos I've ever seen. I'm gona donate something beceause this is better than paid stuff and its free. This channels and all the team are the best!!! Really gratefull.
Besttttt lecture on UA-cam i have watched alott of lectures but i didn't understand....it was sooo confusing topic but you made it look sooo simplee..... thank u zack❤
I just got my “pass” on Step 1. I just want to thank you for your input - it can't be overestimated how much your videos helped to build the base. Best wishes to you and your team! You are amazing!
Micturition reflex. Do not forget the muscarinic cholinergic effect on m2 receptors of internal urethral sphincter to relax it from S2S3S4 intermediate zone lamina 7 thru pelvic plexus to urinate. Thank you very much 2:19
Hey Zach, I'm not gonna stop commenting this. I'm still waiting for your antipsychotics and antidepressant drugs videos 😢 thank you for this informative videos, you are our hero ❤
Can't be blessed enough to be born in the era where we have You 🌠🧿. You are our true Ninja, who just support and help us achieve our goals that too with ease. People with ninja nerd family always ask for more n more blessings for you Mr. Zach and may God shower all the love, gratitude and success to you 🥰🙌🎊 And "as always until next time".💕
thank u soo much u made this extremely complex topic super easy and fun , i couldn't believe that i finally understand everything about it , U R A LEGEND
1:47:45 The " proarrhythmic effect " of class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs is likely related to their effect of decreasing myocardial conduction velocity , which predisposes to myocardial reentry around and through regions of infarcted myocardium .
I came here because I'm talking carvedilol and somehow it changed my heart rhythm even though the cardiologist says it didn't Now he sent me to the rhythm specialist to get an ablation... Anyway I came to educate myself... You're the best Ninja nerd 🤓
57:10 a little clarification needed here. It’s here that B1 blockage reduces phosphorylation of L-Type calcium channels I’m a bit confused as to how that affects phase 4 in AV and SA nodes what in there normal physiology it’s the T-type calcium channels that’s bring the MP to threshold. Can you clarify this for me 🙏🏾?
Im asking the same question! haha i cant figure it out. I have read in a few textbooks and journal articles that B1-receptor agonism leads to increase Na influx throught the funny current (HCN channel), so i suppose if you block this effect this would lead to a prolongation of phase 4. But i am similarly confused as to why blocking L type Ca channels would lead to a prolongation of phase 4, more so then phase 0
excellent video. A in-depth explanation of all type of antiarrhythmic drugs. One thing I want to clarify, about the betablocker. In view you mention it will block the L-type Ca channel of the cell at the end, does it slow down / lengthen zone 0 longer instead of zone 4?
Zach, in an earlier video you note that Mag given to severe asthma patients causes relaxation by its action on calcium channels. But here, when discussing TdP, you note that the mechanism by which mag works it’s unknown. It sit possible that they work by the same mechanism-namely, it’s effects on calcium channels?
Thank you for this great illustration. I’ve got a question .. Early in the lecture it was demonstrated that L-type Ca+ channels are responsible for phase 0. Later when you explained MOA of B-blockers ( that they block L-type Ca+ channels) , but the effect is manly on phase 4 of action potential not zero .! I wonder why is that the case ? I would be glad if you can explain it . Thanks again for your amazing lectures ❤
Not a 100% sure on this. But AFAIK phase 0 (rapid depolarisation) is largely due to the rapid opening of voltage gates Na+ channels. The L-type (L = Long) Ca2+ channels dominate phase 2 (the long sustained depolarisation), keeping the membrane depolarised even after the voltage gated Na+ channels close (they close very soon after opening due to their second gate(?)).
Thank you Zach for your dedication and passion. I love details and you are a master in that! I always tell my class that if you want to get by learn the concepts, but if you want to make a difference or discover something learn the details. Hey I just discovered something - Double Quarter Pounder with Lecture and Fries Please. Mnemonic to remember the class I antiarrhythmic drugs. I love it!
Wow I was thought this topic today in the afternoon in med school, I'm preparing to write pharmacology test by end of this month. I pray I pass coz there are lots of things to know like drugs and mechanism
i was considering going back to school to study electrical engineering (i currently have a 2-year degree in maths). however, in my free time, i tend to spend a lot more time watching videos like this (and taking notes!) than i do learning about electrical physics and programming. maybe it is a sign of something i should study instead? anyway, i really appreciate your content.
Might be a stupid question, but what causes the initial movement of sodium into the cell through the funny sodium channel? A nervous system transmitter or something?
In your video particularly at 8.27 you mention that voltage gayed na+ channel open and it open ca2+ but in diagram you not mentioned any na+ voltage channel that open at threshold
Hello- beautiful video! Quick question - at around the 1 hour and 13 minute mark, you said "these can, to a very mild degree, block voltage-gated potassium channels". Should this have been voltage gated calcium channels (in reference to adenosine and digoxin)?
thank you perfect video ! can someone answer this : slowing down the influx of sodium ions into cardiac muscle cells causing a decrease in the excitability of the cells it has a beta adrenergic blocker which can cause bradycardia and bronchospasm : sotalol propafenone verapamil mexitilene
I am a cardiologist and eventhough I know all these stuffs in my head I watched your videos to learn how to explain it so clearly to my students. However at this point I would just give them the link to your videos because I doubt I can explain it better than you with all these graphics😂 really well done!
This comment is so wholesome. As a student if my professors watched ninja nerd to explain to me in the best way they could, I’d feel cared for and like they actually cared to explain things to me in the best way they could.. so THANK YOU 😊
We need professor like you . Our professor just talks about random things and teach us like pharmassist , he forgets that we are doctors we do not need to know all the dosage of drugs , half life and pharamokinetics.
You made this 5 days to my Pharmacology exams. You're a G
Mine is tomorrow 😭😭
I've never seen a better description on the pharmacodynamics of the drugs and ways to remember them; perfect video for cramming for a test lol
I appreciate your videos. I'm a firefighter/Medic and I watch your videos periodically as a refresher. Your take on physiology and the way you teach fits my learning style perfectly.
Almost 3 hours of a video= hard work= tremendously helpful and valuable information being given, thank you!
This is hands down the best pharmacology/physiology channel on UA-cam , thank you so much for making these Videos and keep them up!
Quick tip to help you understand better:
Inside of cell is more negative than outside of cell AT REST. This means they are polar. Opposite charges (the old saying polar opposites). When a cell depolarizes (de=not) the inside of the cell is becoming more positive meaning they are becoming less polar. When the cell depolarizes (re= again), it is becoming negative again back to the resting state of the cell.
literally the best teacher in the world.
Hands down the best channel to ace any concept regarding any physiological concept . Can't believe u taught Arrythmias so well that no teacher or any other video on UA-cam could have done
"Thanks for existing Zach "❤
Your lectures help to clear the concepts about the particular subject.... our vision becomes crystal clear. No matter how many times I read antiarrhythmics, I used to get confused and frustrated. But hey, after watching this full video, I feel a lot confident about the topic now!! I really admire the efforts you guys put in to teach the subject. And I adore your capability to learn, understand and then teach any topic that you present. I am following you since a year now, and not a single lecture was there where I got bored or neglected the teacher 😉. You have the mesmerizing capacity to keep your audience glued to your lecture till the very end, and very few people in the world harbor this captivating ability... you stimulate me to study hard and harder. I can't thank you enough. Love you guys! Be blessed always. And keep teaching!!!
The excitement and enthusiasm to know this, rubs off!! Hats off to him🙌
Thanks
I was literally just taught this topic this morning in my pharmacology class. Thank you for all you do, you guys have been a tremendous help in getting me this far in pharmacy school🙇🏾♀️🙇🏾♀️❤️
I taught this topic to my students this mrng,i learn more from ur explanation
This video is exactly what I needed for pharmacology rn! Crazy how Ninja Nerd just knows.
This is the best description and way of teaching Cardiac physiology and arrhythmias..... Thank you Doctor for Hard-work.
this man is born to make things "super"easy and clear , great respect and appreciation from Ethiopia !!!
This is GOLD! Your enthusiasm is palpable! Thank you very much!
Congrats on 2m!!🥳🎉 u guys more than deserve it! from the bottom of my heart, thank you Zach and team for everything that you do! idk how I would be getting through PA school without ur help! Ninja nerd for life:)
This just cleared a lot of my confusion about anti-arrhythmic drugs. Definitely worth to watch! Thank you so much!
this is actually fantastic. It is genuine practical explanation and relevance to clinicians. It isnt regurgitating a textbook and you've really thought about how to teach. great work
I seriously don't know what i would do without your classes.
Thanks!
Good lecture Doc. I will say as someone who has taken both flecainide and currently propafenone this was very informative. HOWEVER, with propafenone it does have a minimum beta blockade effect as well. Grant it, it's not major but it's worth mentioning in full disclosure. I take propafenone for symptomatic pvcs, although now I am taking it post ablation,( which I had on March 17th this year while my heart recovers). Flecainide is a good drug, but it ran its course with me, (after 4yrs). I am 44yrs old. I thank GOD for my electrophysiologist who switched me from ditilazem to flecainide when he did. He is the same one who just did my cardiac ablation. NOTE: I had wpw, but that was ablated in 99 while I was a soldier at the young age of 20. Much of my pvcs came from that residual scar tissue from that first ablation. I hope and pray that I am done with ablations for the rest of my existence. GOD Bless.
GOD is always in firms!
The very precious human being on the earth Ninja Nerd the great. Salute to ur way of delivering lecture.
This is one of the most life saving videos I've ever seen. I'm gona donate something beceause this is better than paid stuff and its free. This channels and all the team are the best!!! Really gratefull.
Can't thank you enough for these easy-to-follow lectures. So many future patients will benefit from this knowledge.
No words can describe my appreciation to you and your team thank you so much your videos are life saving thank you for all your effort
Fantastic lecture! Thank you! I'm a pharmacist, and your lectures are my go-to for CPD
Protect this man at all costs!
Besttttt lecture on UA-cam i have watched alott of lectures but i didn't understand....it was sooo confusing topic but you made it look sooo simplee..... thank u zack❤
I just got my “pass” on Step 1. I just want to thank you for your input - it can't be overestimated how much your videos helped to build the base.
Best wishes to you and your team! You are amazing!
congratulations..I am currently preparing for my STEP one...please any suggestions? thanks
As usual, you make a complex subject crystal clear! Sure your videos are longer than most, but it is so worth it!
Honestly , one of his best lectures . Amazing
The best teacher with the best teaching method l have ever seen
I can take only professor zach's classes continuously for hours, without losing focus for a min.... ✨✨✨...
Best teacher I found so far .
Thank you
Ninja nerds videos are the only videos that I like before I even watch the video
I don't take pharmacology but love listening to your voice before class, calms my anxiety 😅
Im already finished with medschool but i still refresh with your videos.. amazing work thank you!!
Micturition reflex. Do not forget the muscarinic cholinergic effect on m2 receptors of internal urethral sphincter to relax it from S2S3S4 intermediate zone lamina 7 thru pelvic plexus to urinate. Thank you very much
2:19
I was waiting for this video, nothing to say but, you're the best.
Hey Zach, I'm not gonna stop commenting this. I'm still waiting for your antipsychotics and antidepressant drugs videos 😢 thank you for this informative videos, you are our hero ❤
Can't be blessed enough to be born in the era where we have You 🌠🧿. You are our true Ninja, who just support and help us achieve our goals that too with ease. People with ninja nerd family always ask for more n more blessings for you Mr. Zach and may God shower all the love, gratitude and success to you 🥰🙌🎊
And "as always until next time".💕
thank u soo much u made this extremely complex topic super easy and fun , i couldn't believe that i finally understand everything about it , U R A LEGEND
Awesome lesson as always....thank you all
Your approach to this topic is a gem 💎
You explain these topics so well! SO helpful
1:47:45 The " proarrhythmic effect " of class 1C antiarrhythmic drugs is likely related to their effect of decreasing myocardial conduction velocity , which predisposes to myocardial reentry around and through regions of infarcted myocardium .
Dude it's like you knew that I need this 😭😭😭😭😭
Thanks ❤️❤️
I love how you explean it with passion. Thanks man!
I came here because I'm talking carvedilol and somehow it changed my heart rhythm even though the cardiologist says it didn't Now he sent me to the rhythm specialist to get an ablation... Anyway I came to educate myself... You're the best Ninja nerd 🤓
Your lectures are really informative Can you please make videos on pharmacology of other systems too? Thank you.
Zach we need you to teach more pharmacology PLEASE
Love watching your videos and drawing along/notetaking with you!!
Thank you for this Masterful explanation! I have no words to say but Thank You
Bought the membership. Worth it for sure
you are amazing thanks for you great hardwork,you explain everything from scratch.your channel is best
57:10 a little clarification needed here. It’s here that B1 blockage reduces phosphorylation of L-Type calcium channels I’m a bit confused as to how that affects phase 4 in AV and SA nodes what in there normal physiology it’s the T-type calcium channels that’s bring the MP to threshold. Can you clarify this for me 🙏🏾?
Im asking the same question! haha i cant figure it out. I have read in a few textbooks and journal articles that B1-receptor agonism leads to increase Na influx throught the funny current (HCN channel), so i suppose if you block this effect this would lead to a prolongation of phase 4.
But i am similarly confused as to why blocking L type Ca channels would lead to a prolongation of phase 4, more so then phase 0
2M+ subscribers!!! Achieved!!!👍
Great lecture; about to start ACP school and this helped a ton. Huge thank you; well worth the time!
You are great sir your lectures can make my concept really clear and i like the way that you teach to us
Best wishes to you ✌❤
You are the best!! Thank you for these high quality and incredibly engaging videos. Always makes my day :)
EXCELLENT, EXCELLENT - THANKN YOU! I just became a member to download all the goods!
Can you kindly discuss the Anti-cancer Drugs? Btw I have my Biochemistry VIVA next week. All your Physiology videos helped me a lot. Thanks.😊
C2 49:37
Contra 2:02:25
Thank you so much for this! the questions at the end is really fun to answer after studying
Amazing unique FANTASTIC VIDEO FOR ANTIARRITMYCS FOR MY STEP 1 thank you so much
Thank you so much for this video. It was such a delight to watch. Keep it up..😭❤
excellent video. A in-depth explanation of all type of antiarrhythmic drugs. One thing I want to clarify, about the betablocker. In view you mention it will block the L-type Ca channel of the cell at the end, does it slow down / lengthen zone 0 longer instead of zone 4?
im asking the same
Congrats on 2M I wish I could donate you but I will surely in future 👏👍🏻
Zach, in an earlier video you note that Mag given to severe asthma patients causes relaxation by its action on calcium channels. But here, when discussing TdP, you note that the mechanism by which mag works it’s unknown. It sit possible that they work by the same mechanism-namely, it’s effects on calcium channels?
all this useful knowledge for free, thank u so much
Thank you for this great illustration.
I’ve got a question ..
Early in the lecture it was demonstrated that L-type Ca+ channels are responsible for phase 0.
Later when you explained MOA of B-blockers ( that they block L-type Ca+ channels) , but the effect is manly on phase 4 of action potential not zero .!
I wonder why is that the case ?
I would be glad if you can explain it .
Thanks again for your amazing lectures ❤
Not a 100% sure on this. But AFAIK phase 0 (rapid depolarisation) is largely due to the rapid opening of voltage gates Na+ channels. The L-type (L = Long) Ca2+ channels dominate phase 2 (the long sustained depolarisation), keeping the membrane depolarised even after the voltage gated Na+ channels close (they close very soon after opening due to their second gate(?)).
Thank you for your lectures. We would like to see and hear clearer the names of drugs you are taking about. Best wishes from patients. 💐
Best channel ever
thank you for the lesson, sir! I hope there are more video of cardiology
You are a god among men sir
Thank you Zach for your dedication and passion. I love details and you are a master in that! I always tell my class that if you want to get by learn the concepts, but if you want to make a difference or discover something learn the details. Hey I just discovered something - Double Quarter Pounder with Lecture and Fries Please. Mnemonic to remember the class I antiarrhythmic drugs. I love it!
You are an amazing teacher. Thank you so much
Wow I was thought this topic today in the afternoon in med school, I'm preparing to write pharmacology test by end of this month. I pray I pass coz there are lots of things to know like drugs and mechanism
Thank you for providing great concepts 🙂
Thank you dear!Nice explantion!
Beautiful Explanation. Just Loved It❤️ You always make textbook reading very simple.
Your help made me interested in medicine more than before
Thank you Zach you are the best ❤
Guys, YOU ARE AWESOME.... IT IS ALL COMING TOGETHER NOW...!!!!!
this lecture was amazing thank you so much Zach!
great video, tremendous work.
i heckin' love prof. zach
Thank you very much for all the help. ❤
i was considering going back to school to study electrical engineering (i currently have a 2-year degree in maths). however, in my free time, i tend to spend a lot more time watching videos like this (and taking notes!) than i do learning about electrical physics and programming. maybe it is a sign of something i should study instead? anyway, i really appreciate your content.
praying for more blessings,, thank you ,,, streaming from Kenya
I think you a probably a gift from God. Thank you!!
Such a helpful video!!
Might be a stupid question, but what causes the initial movement of sodium into the cell through the funny sodium channel? A nervous system transmitter or something?
In your video particularly at 8.27 you mention that voltage gayed na+ channel open and it open ca2+ but in diagram you not mentioned any na+ voltage channel that open at threshold
Hello- beautiful video! Quick question - at around the 1 hour and 13 minute mark, you said "these can, to a very mild degree, block voltage-gated potassium channels". Should this have been voltage gated calcium channels (in reference to adenosine and digoxin)?
thank you perfect video ! can someone answer this :
slowing down the influx of sodium ions into cardiac muscle cells causing a decrease in the excitability of the cells it has a beta adrenergic blocker which can cause bradycardia and bronchospasm :
sotalol
propafenone
verapamil
mexitilene
Thank you very much Ninja Nerd
I am learning so much, thank you good Sir.
Outstanding ❤