Love how you made structuralism sound important despite it’s status in psychology today while some other channels just discarded it as obsolete. Most of the approaches that have been a part of the field have impacted it’s evolution, either directly or indirectly!
I stumbled into this video while I was studying for my history in Psychology class and I was so surprised to see no views on this. Then I found out that this channel was just created recently! I’ve looked through the other videos and I have to say that this channel came at a real opportune time, I’m so glad to have this channel alongside me this semester, looking forward to future videos and good luck, I’m loving the videos so far!
Your videos are so useful and easy to understand, you are speaking in very clear way. Should you add *english* subtitles in your videos ( meaby not in video but in youtube settings because we use only automatic english subtitle and sometimes it can be misleading).
You say to watch your next video over Wundt to hear more about his theory of structuralism but my textbook says that the creator of structuralism was his student Edward? I get that Edward basically took Wundt's idea and pretty much expanded on them to create structuralism, but who is the true creator? I haven't watched your next video over Wundt just yet to see if you explain this. Just a thought I had while watching this video. Great video tho:)
The Colors of Affect: or How Wundt was Wight! (with apologies to Elmer Fudd) The colors of the rainbow do not begin to reflect all of the infinite hues of reflected light. However, the myriad colors of the world are not separate things, but are in truth admixtures of three primary colors, red, yellow, and blue. This simple conceptual scheme provided the explanation of color that made the replication of color easy, to the delight no doubt of interior decorators the world over. Deriving complex structure from elemental processes serves all the physical and biological sciences, and like the metaphors of disease and space and time, can encapsulate a world view in a phrase. However, feelings or affective states have not been so tractable, though an early psychologist would demur. He was the late 19th century psychologist Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of experimental psychology. Wundt wanted to know the rudiments of felt experience, or affect, and his aim was to see if affect, like color, can be derived from rudimentary components. Wundt believed that the affective components of the human mind could be determined by rigorously objective introspection. That is, he thought that affect or feelings could be broken down (or reduced) to their basic elements without sacrificing any of the properties of the whole. Wundt’s introspection was not a casual affair, but a highly practiced form of self-examination. He trained his students to make observations that were free from the bias of personal interpretation or previous experience, and used the results to develop a theory of affect which derived from three bi-polar dimensions. According to Wundt: “In this manifold of feelings… it is nevertheless possible to distinguish certain different chief directions, including certain affective opposites of predominant character.” Wundt identified three bipolar dimensions whose permutations comprised moment to moment affective states: (i) pleasurable versus un-pleasurable, (ii) arousing versus subduing, and (iii) strain versus relaxation. An attentive reader would note that strain versus relaxation also reflect unpleasant and pleasant affective states, however these states differ from our workaday pleasures and pains because they are continuously rather than intermittently present. So, with this new perspective, Wundt in effect postulated one discrete and two continuous affective dimensions. For example, a delicious meal or touching a hot pan are pleasurable and un-pleasurable states that occur discretely, however the relative activity of the covert musculature is continuous, as is our moment-to-moment state of alertness, or attentive arousal. What Wundt did not know and could not know at the time due to the rudimentary observational tools then available was the source of arousal and pleasure, which are respectively due to the activity of mid-brain dopaminergic and opioid systems. The neuromodulator dopamine elicits a feeling of alertness and energy, but not pleasure, and is induced through the experience and anticipation of novel positive events. On the other hand, opioids are responsible for pleasure, and are elicited in very small regions or ‘hot spots’ in the brain by exteroceptive (food, drink) and interoceptive stimuli (relaxation). Finally, arousal and pleasure are not just complementary but synergistic. In other words, pleasure stimulates arousal, and arousal stimulates pleasure. This reflects the fact that the neuronal assemblies or nuclei that induce dopaminergic and opioid activity abut each other in the midbrain, and when individually activated can have synergistic effects, or dopamine-opioid interactions. This can explain why high arousal and pleasure, or ecstatic, peak, or ‘flow’ experiences, correspond to novel and ‘meaningful’ experiences during relaxed states. If we map the continuous affective dimensions of Wundt’s proposal to each other, when informed by affective neuroscience, Wundt’s color wheel can bloom, and account for and predict different affective states. The vertical axis would represent dopaminergic activity, from high to low, whereas the horizontal axis would represent the degree of covert neuro-muscular activation, or muscular tension, again from high to low. High arousal would be felt as a sense of energy or alertness, and low arousal would be felt as a sense of lethargy or depression. High tension would be felt as anxiety or nervousness, and low tension would be felt as a pleasurable state of calm or relaxation. Mapping these affective events to their physiological correlates gives us emergent subjective states that match the emotional labels of our affective wheel, or an ‘emotional circumplex’. Thus ‘elation’, or a state of pleasure and arousal would occur when arousal is high and tension is low, ‘frustration’ would reflect high arousal and high tension, ‘worry’ would reflect low arousal and high tension, and ‘relaxation’ would correspond to low arousal and low tension. And so with a little tinkering of Wundt’s proposal, his observations are correct after all, and perhaps as the affective wheel turns can help psychologists arrange the colors of emotion in ways that would do interior decorators of the soul proud. From www.doctormezmer.com/post/the-colors-of-affect
Great observation! I can clarify: William James is considered the father of American Psychology and was the first to begin teaching it here in the US, but his education was in physiology and philosophy. The first American to obtain a PhD in Psychology and hold the official title of Professor of Psychology was James Cattell, the person mentioned in the video. Thanks for watching!
You teach in a really enjoyable and easily graspable manner. Loved your style 👏👏😊
Love how you made structuralism sound important despite it’s status in psychology today while some other channels just discarded it as obsolete. Most of the approaches that have been a part of the field have impacted it’s evolution, either directly or indirectly!
We agree; it is so important!
I stumbled into this video while I was studying for my history in Psychology class and I was so surprised to see no views on this. Then I found out that this channel was just created recently! I’ve looked through the other videos and I have to say that this channel came at a real opportune time, I’m so glad to have this channel alongside me this semester, looking forward to future videos and good luck, I’m loving the videos so far!
Thanks so much! We are still new but I am so glad to hear that we are helping!
Your videos are so useful and easy to understand, you are speaking in very clear way. Should you add *english* subtitles in your videos ( meaby not in video but in youtube settings because we use only automatic english subtitle and sometimes it can be misleading).
Sick vid, this is exactly what I wanted to watch rn
I absolutely adore you! Thank you for this!!!!
Keep going! I like your style and enthusiastic psychology videos are super cool and a great addition to big scientific textbooks on it - thanks!
That is so nice to hear! Thanks so much!!
You say to watch your next video over Wundt to hear more about his theory of structuralism but my textbook says that the creator of structuralism was his student Edward? I get that Edward basically took Wundt's idea and pretty much expanded on them to create structuralism, but who is the true creator?
I haven't watched your next video over Wundt just yet to see if you explain this. Just a thought I had while watching this video.
Great video tho:)
Great question! Wundt is widely accepted as the creator, while Titchener (his student) translated the ideas for an American audience.
Awesome explanation. Thank you!
The Great Of Psychology Hii I Am Dr. Mohammed Mudassir Consultant Clinical Psychologist From USA (New York)
The Colors of Affect: or How Wundt was Wight! (with apologies to Elmer Fudd)
The colors of the rainbow do not begin to reflect all of the infinite hues of reflected light. However, the myriad colors of the world are not separate things, but are in truth admixtures of three primary colors, red, yellow, and blue. This simple conceptual scheme provided the explanation of color that made the replication of color easy, to the delight no doubt of interior decorators the world over.
Deriving complex structure from elemental processes serves all the physical and biological sciences, and like the metaphors of disease and space and time, can encapsulate a world view in a phrase. However, feelings or affective states have not been so tractable, though an early psychologist would demur. He was the late 19th century psychologist Wilhelm Wundt, the founder of experimental psychology. Wundt wanted to know the rudiments of felt experience, or affect, and his aim was to see if affect, like color, can be derived from rudimentary components. Wundt believed that the affective components of the human mind could be determined by rigorously objective introspection. That is, he thought that affect or feelings could be broken down (or reduced) to their basic elements without sacrificing any of the properties of the whole. Wundt’s introspection was not a casual affair, but a highly practiced form of self-examination. He trained his students to make observations that were free from the bias of personal interpretation or previous experience, and used the results to develop a theory of affect which derived from three bi-polar dimensions. According to Wundt: “In this manifold of feelings… it is nevertheless possible to distinguish certain different chief directions, including certain affective opposites of predominant character.”
Wundt identified three bipolar dimensions whose permutations comprised moment to moment affective states: (i) pleasurable versus un-pleasurable, (ii) arousing versus subduing, and (iii) strain versus relaxation. An attentive reader would note that strain versus relaxation also reflect unpleasant and pleasant affective states, however these states differ from our workaday pleasures and pains because they are continuously rather than intermittently present. So, with this new perspective, Wundt in effect postulated one discrete and two continuous affective dimensions. For example, a delicious meal or touching a hot pan are pleasurable and un-pleasurable states that occur discretely, however the relative activity of the covert musculature is continuous, as is our moment-to-moment state of alertness, or attentive arousal.
What Wundt did not know and could not know at the time due to the rudimentary observational tools then available was the source of arousal and pleasure, which are respectively due to the activity of mid-brain dopaminergic and opioid systems. The neuromodulator dopamine elicits a feeling of alertness and energy, but not pleasure, and is induced through the experience and anticipation of novel positive events. On the other hand, opioids are responsible for pleasure, and are elicited in very small regions or ‘hot spots’ in the brain by exteroceptive (food, drink) and interoceptive stimuli (relaxation). Finally, arousal and pleasure are not just complementary but synergistic. In other words, pleasure stimulates arousal, and arousal stimulates pleasure. This reflects the fact that the neuronal assemblies or nuclei that induce dopaminergic and opioid activity abut each other in the midbrain, and when individually activated can have synergistic effects, or dopamine-opioid interactions. This can explain why high arousal and pleasure, or ecstatic, peak, or ‘flow’ experiences, correspond to novel and ‘meaningful’ experiences during relaxed states.
If we map the continuous affective dimensions of Wundt’s proposal to each other, when informed by affective neuroscience, Wundt’s color wheel can bloom, and account for and predict different affective states. The vertical axis would represent dopaminergic activity, from high to low, whereas the horizontal axis would represent the degree of covert neuro-muscular activation, or muscular tension, again from high to low. High arousal would be felt as a sense of energy or alertness, and low arousal would be felt as a sense of lethargy or depression. High tension would be felt as anxiety or nervousness, and low tension would be felt as a pleasurable state of calm or relaxation. Mapping these affective events to their physiological correlates gives us emergent subjective states that match the emotional labels of our affective wheel, or an ‘emotional circumplex’. Thus ‘elation’, or a state of pleasure and arousal would occur when arousal is high and tension is low, ‘frustration’ would reflect high arousal and high tension, ‘worry’ would reflect low arousal and high tension, and ‘relaxation’ would correspond to low arousal and low tension.
And so with a little tinkering of Wundt’s proposal, his observations are correct after all, and perhaps as the affective wheel turns can help psychologists arrange the colors of emotion in ways that would do interior decorators of the soul proud.
From www.doctormezmer.com/post/the-colors-of-affect
It’s the glasses for me
Thanks-- they are my favorites!
Wasn't the first psychology educator in the US. William James? She states someone different
Great observation! I can clarify: William James is considered the father of American Psychology and was the first to begin teaching it here in the US, but his education was in physiology and philosophy. The first American to obtain a PhD in Psychology and hold the official title of Professor of Psychology was James Cattell, the person mentioned in the video. Thanks for watching!
@@PsyvsPsy oh I thought was stanley hall. I'm confused 🤪
1:59
was he an atheist or he belive in God?
Thank you!