The Colours of Hydrogen - Periodic Table of Videos
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- Опубліковано 15 лис 2022
- We explode some "Green Hydrogen" and discuss the other colours available.
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Featuring Sir Martyn Poliakoff and Neil Barnes.
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Neil is really the unsung hero of this channel, what a legend
He is well sung, and rightly so.
There are no heroes in Chemistry
Neil is in truth, a hack. Tries to act like a tough guy. Makes WAY too many mistakes for a professional!!
Ever get the feeling he's like Teller of Penn and Teller?
Neil is great ! And the professor as well !!
It seems like such a small thing but thank you for calling it a demonstration rather than an experiment. I find that differentiating that small detail is very helpful for early education in the sciences.
Every demonstration to others was once an experiment to one ;)
@@TheVerendus experiments mean that you have to take notes. Demonstrations don't need you to take notes (though if it's in a classroom then the students may need to) 8)
3:43...my garage.....😆.....(often).....Explosion is base of all universe
Thank you for your videos, I was lost, depressed, and had a bad drug addiction 1/2 years ago and because of your work I found that chemistry is the what I want to do with my life and I couldn't love it more, you guys truly saved me.
P.S. Dr. Martin you are the man.. 😁
From taking drugs to making drugs? :P
I wish i could make my own drugs. :D
I thought this was going to explain the spectral analysis of H2, as in spectrography, but was not disappointed... Thank you.
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I'm in the final year of my chemistry undergrad and even though I've been struggling, every time I see a new video here it reminds me of what I love about chemistry. Thank you for making these videos!
I just wanted to say that I love your work and all of your videos. Thank you Brady and Doctor Martin.
And Neil of course
@@pyrinikos3477 Absolutely Neil. ❤️
Sir Doctor Martyn* edit Martyn
Martyn.
I prefer the moral formal naming: Sir Martyn Poliakoff or Professor Poliakoff.
Nature doesn't really produce hydrogen out in space, it did once, and basically made it all at the start of the universe. It's just been sitting out there ever since. It's kind of fascinating to think that the universe is fundamentally hydrogen based.
Logical I guess since it's the simplest. Everything else is just variation on a theme.
They are chemists, not astrophysicists. ;)
I'm waiting for the video where Neil builds a small nuclear reactor out of the spare equipment he found lying around. You know he could do it.
Really Interesting, i thought we gonna see some different Coloured Gases but that was a nice Explanation and Demonstration !
Always a great day when given a video from one of the best science channels on UA-cam.
Agreed!
Yes very much so
It is also possible to produce hydrogen using a high-temperature nuclear reactor such as the HTTR in Oarai, Ibaraki prefecture in Japan.
This reactor produces hydrogen at a much higher efficiency as compared to electrolysis and uses Iodine and Sulphurdioxide as chemical catalysts.
In fact, I think explaining how hydrogen generation works in a high-temperature nuclear reactor would make for a very interesting video for Periodic Videos.
Unfortunately the physics of green/yellow H2 don't work out for the majority of applications. Producing it and then using it in fuel cells in cars again is so inefficient that you could easily power 5x more cars from the same electrical energy if they just had batteries.
It only maybe makes sense in long distance aviation where batteries don't have the required energy density.
While this is true, there are reasons why you would want to use hydrogen fuel cells over batteries. Specifically, batteries take a considerable amount of time to recharge, whereas hydrogen tanks can be refilled in a fraction of the time.
Currently, applications such as shipping cargo either overland or by boat, time is critical, and the amount of time truckers would be sitting at stations waiting for batteries to recharge isn't making the transition to battery powered trucks appealing to the industry.
@@ducttapeengineer in this case you would just swap batteries on the trucks rather than waiting to recharge
its pretty energy intensive/toxic to make batteries where as gas cylinders are easy and cheaper
Always love a new PT video. Keep them coming !
Rather than Green Hydrogen he was really making what's often known as "Browns gas" or Oxyhydrogen.
Can't put in words how grateful i am for this channe!
Here in Denmark I guess we are gonna be making Brown Hydrogen, given it's gonna be made from Biogas from fermenting process of organic matter.
Always a joy when a new periodic videos drops. Personally, I’d love to hear more about green chemistry generally, particularly about how compounds we encounter every day are produced and technologies that are being or could potentially be adopted to produce them in a more environmentally-friendly way.
I knew about gray, blue, and green hydrogen before, but hadn't heard of pink, yellow, or gold. Thanks for teaching!
The problem with green or pink hydrogen is the abysmal conversion efficiency. With a wind, solar or hydro generator, up to three quarters of the electricity originally produced is obtained at the output of the fuel cells installed in the vehicle.
In addition to this, hydrogen is an escape artist (ask to NASA), and requires very thick tanks for storage.
Thank you for the great video!
Regards,
Anthony
still its cheaper and easer to store the hydrogen rather than use massive batteries
Love it when i get a notification from either periodic vids or sixty symbols :)
It's important to me that Sir Martin finish his reactions to Breaking Bad. Chemistry or not!
Great video, as always!
Great chemistry videos. Thank you so much. We really appreciate it:)
Solar panel in the UK… that means Neil can perform this experiment roughly 13 days a year, amazing! 😁
There used to be an abandoned flour mill next to the River Roach in Rochford. I wanted to turn it into a plant for producing green hydrogen. The silo building would have been perfect to house both the storage tanks and the solar panels, and it had a plentiful supply of seawater, so no need for added electrolytes. Someone burned it down while I was still writing up the idea. Oh well.
With Seawater as an Elektrolyte you would have produced Chlorine and probably died. Time for you to get religious.
Sounds like someone beat you to it.
Supposedly you can't just straight up electrolyze seawater, because it also splits the salt (sodium chloride) and releases chlorine gas. Smarter every day did a series on nuclear submarines, and that misconception that you can just electrolyze the sea water directly was one of the things he talked about in the episode about how they make their oxygen, in order to do it safely they have to desalinate the water first and in the sub they use reverse osmosis.
You missed brown, because the balloon was filled with Brown's gas.
Keep making these videos 🙂
i loved your all videos sir😍 thanks for your videos...
Great video guys 👍
Pretty cool stuff!
I've seen the term "Green Hydrogen" used for hydrogen produced by electrolysis, with the electricity generated by any renewable source (typically either solar, as in the video, or from wind turbines). So, all Yellow Hydrogen is Green, but not all Green Hydrogen is Yellow.
Great experiments to teach our students
Why so little emphasis on nuclear generated H2 (pink hydrogen) ? It's the most efficient and clean way to produce it.
You're awesome Professor Poliakov
What about the hydrogen you get from mixing rusty iron filings with acid which is the same hydrogen you get from iron deposits in highly acidic soil overburden?
Name for acid hydrogen? The "rainbow hydrogen" seems appropriate?
;)
I was looking at the table of patrons.
What is the least likely element to be "subscribed to?"
And where is Neutronium, element 0 with only neutrons?
And can I get element 119; it isn't discovered yet but it would be cool.
Or element 137, Feynmanium.
Another great video (even if you did miss the name "Brown's Gass")!
Just as a point of interest what colour H2 is produced from a coal powered (or diesel) power plant?
Coal-generated hydrogen is being dubbed "brown hydrogen", from my research.
Thank you 🙏
First view , i love this channel more than any , it's the only channel that gives more info about chemical substances
Incidentally, this Grey Hydrogen is the type that keeps the hype of the Hydrogen Economy going because the fossil fuel industry would LOVE if we went to hydrogen.
I was curious about the orange flame at first. I'm so use to seeing them separated in Periodic Videos I didn't think the balloon would be filled with Hydroxy gas.
"Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe, but unfortunately most of it is not here" - understatement of the millennium 😀
Lol. It's in everything that is. Literally
I'm more worried about Helium, It's the 2nd most abundant element in the Universe but we have *no way of making it artificially* .
Just what we dig up. Also, any Helium we release is lost to outer space forever.
I always wondered: What is the job that Neil learned? Is he a physicist? An engineer? Or a guy who is very smart and learned all the things from experience?
Neil is a lab technician. Although I don't know his credentials specifically, British lab techs typically hold at least a HND (Higher National Diploma) in a relevant field (Chemistry, Physics, or Applied Science for this lab) and a lot of their brilliance comes from their natural ingenuity and years of experience
The university website lists him as a 'Senior Technical Specialist'. And If you use the search function this channel has made a video on the subject of everyone's favorite tech.
I've been wanting to make a setup like this myself, any guidelines, links or info on how to do it?
I don’t know, but the solar charger controller you see is key, since you want to have the right electrical tension between the electrodes in order to split water.
There are tons of excellent tutorials here on UA-cam.
@@xja85mac I don't think that's quite right. I've been learning from "DIY Solar with Will Prowse" and the charge controller's job is to bring down the voltage of the panel (normally around 20V to 40V per typical panel) to a level suited for the battery - typically 14V to 18V for a 12V battery.
I remember these videos where hydrogen burns with yellow flame: explosion of the Zeppelin in 1937, Challenger's disaster in 1986... Amazing !
Really interesting video, I would have never considered generating hydrogen chemically on a industrial scale off the top of my head. I assumed it was all done with electricity and capturing both the hydrogen and oxygen would be the most practical way.
Ngl. When I saw this title, I was expecting a discussion of the spectral series of the hydrogen atom and the Bohr model.
Can you please, make an episode about how did the 19th century scientists, knew and or calculated the atomic weights of the elements? How many neutrons and electrons!! At that early time
A question kept in my mind while watching your episode about the periodic table and how a mineralogist published his helical table, at that time!! Thank you
All that is just shocking silliness.
This is so cool😊
Just a thought... 🤔 Wouldn't some of the gases diffuse through the balloon - proportionally more of the Hydrogen would escape through it than Oxygen having smaller molecules, so strictly speaking the mix would be *slightly* Oxygen-rich ? It would be a small difference, but strictly speaking it would not be quite a perfect mix, the end-products being mainly water and a small excess of O2.
The reason why i love science
If you really think about it, nearly all the matter that we are aware of was once hydrogen.
Professor, can you explain how a ceramic hydrogen
(now we’re on the subject of hydrogen) fuel cell might work as compared to platinum as a catalyst?
We need more and more videos 💖💖💖
This process of fuel production is my dream. I've always thought an airship fitted with solar panels could be utilized in producing hydrogen for the masses.
It could fly above clouds to maximize sunlight absorption and return with clean fuel.
The issue will always be the battery, which this could solve. The transfer, transport and storage of energy is a real head-scratcher.
We've only seen the tip of the iceberg.
Problem using a balloon is that you have to overcome the pressure of expansion of the rubber
What happened to the sulphur content?
Wouldn't "gold" hydrogen be tainted by the fuel used to drill for it and transport it?
Yes it would, I suppose? The whole idea of using hydrogen for an energy source has been studied and found pretty wanting. Everywhere you use hydrogen for an industrial process you use it right where you make it, the reason being that transporting hydrogen is not worth it in terms of the energy density it provides. People have been trying to solve that problem but all in all in almost every case I can think of except for maybe rockets and airplanes if you're going to fuel something with hydrogen you're better off figuring out how to run it on grid electricity directly or a battery if you can't do that. We do however need hydrogen for many chemical processes that aren't generating energy, and removing the carbon emissions from that is important but hydrogen is not going to be the fuel of the future, at least not as a chemical fuel, the jury is still out on fusion but it's more than likely that common hydrogen isn't going to play much of a role in that if they ever figure it out.
I was at a conference on Hydrogen fuelled vehicles and something that came out of that was that researchers working on electric vehicles utilising fuel cells, not internal combustion engines, were coming up against problems with Hydrogen purity from commercial manufacturers. The Hydrogen that was commercially available, at scale, had impurities in it which clogged the membrane in the fuel cells in a matter of months rather than the proposed ten year life of the fuel cell. Interesting technologies but still a long way to go.
I bet they acted shocked and appalled at their finding. Meanwhile seeking and obtaining public and private grants to solve a problem the industry said what going to be an issue over a decade ago.
so cool
Can you cover making methane from H2 , since H2 is not really suitable for the gas pipe network
Will the hydrogen/Oxygen mixture in the baloon not mix back into water over time? If so how long would that take and what variables have a say on the time.
No. The flame on the stick provided the activation energy necessary to move the reaction forward.
@@SuperAd1980 But still "No," because you're talking about condensation from whatever water vapor may have been in the balloon to begin with, which wouldn't have originated from the H2 and O2 combining. No water will ever form from the H2 and O2 until activation energy is provided. Naturally the water formed would be vapor, since the reaction is so exothermic, but it won't even happen without activation energy.
Wouldn't grey hydrogen be kinda an improvement for the environment if it was captured methane (decomp/tips/trash/waste) cos isn't methane a worse greenhouse gas than co2
Maybe. 2 problems, 1) There isn't much methane capture being done. 2) It would provide a place to hide actual grey Hydrogen.
The amount of methane in the air is tiny, it would be horrifically expensive to capture.
Most common technique is to crack ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen
1:00 Under the sea surface? or under the seabed?
The former is also very bad , causing acidification which prevents organisms form producing shell
What color does Artemis use?
This is called Brown gas i think or HHO gas. I have made similar gas cell myself years ago, and the bangs are extremely loud. This gas is very dangerous because the mixture of hydrogen and oxygen is perfectly balanced for explosion and only a static discharge can ignite it.
I used to fill up the plastic soda bottles with the hydrogen oxygen and fire them off. I just used some sodium bicarbonate to make the water more conductive though.
3:43...my garage.....😆....Explosion is base of all universe
I feel like if we utilized modern advanced nuclear energy options to gather hydrogen, use for desalination processing, etc. It Seem's like the best way to improve our electrical grid while lowering our fossil fuel dependence.
My University did some research on "turquoise" Hydrogen. It is produced by pyrolysis of methane to Hydrogen and Carbon (instead of carbon dioxide)
And I was thinking you found some way to get a gas bulb to emit just one spectral line over another... Now that would be cool.. I mean , if you could do it without making it a laser and using special filters...
I mean like finding just the right combination of gases so one quenches another at certain energy levels but not others and it would still work efficiently ... something like that....
This is no simply an academic excercise. We have had a wind turbine and solar panels connected to a hydrogen fueling station for a number of years.
Hydrogen is what give the stars there luminosity and color!
doesnt sulphuric acid also break down into something else?
Not till you have really high current density, when it will decompose to sulphur, which will immediately react to sulphur dioxide again. Only issue is the gas bubbles can trap small volumes of water as they ise up , scavenging it from the solution, unless you have a long separatory column, like in the experiment, to allow the water to condense, though it really needed to be cooled to get the vapour out.
@@SeanBZA okk thanks
What a wonderful universal renewable energy source...if only the problems of storage, leakage, transport and tendency to explode could be solved.
ahh yes. colored invisible gas
Of course hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.. and probably one of the most abundant element on earth - but not necessaraly in the form of H2 molecules.. which is the form in which it becomes usefull as "hydrogen" (as people understand it).. it's also part of the energy released when burning methane or any other hydrocarbon molecules.. It's all a matter of potential energy stored in the molecule, not the element in itself (although it does a part in it)
is it truly "green" though? i'd say the lead acid battery alone should disqualify it. where did the platinum come from for the electrodes? how was the solar panel made? where did the copper in the wires come from? the rubber insulation? green isnt as green as people want to pretend it is.
At 3:48: "OH, THE HUMANITY!!!!"
Different frequencies might be more efficient, but don't know for sure. If anyone can figure it out, it's probably Neil
This Hydrogen color thing just seems like sophistry to me. Its still hydrogen at the end of the day, and the so called renewables aren't really that renewable when the full life cycle is considered. Solving human pollution isn't as simple as one might think.
I didn't know there were this many colors. Now I kinda want to get a sample of each and make a hydrogen rainbow
Make sure to be in the middle when you "test" for the colors... 🙄
So weird that this was posted today. I had been planning on building a hydrogen generator for almost 6 months and finally decided to start yesterday. Tested it out today and made a critical mistake. I used salt as a electrolyte and accidentally created chlorine instead of hydrogen. I knew that KOH and NaOH were better electrolytes but I thought salt would be fine and easier to both handle and find. I now see why all the demonstrations I had seen used Baking soda even though it would be less effective. Also the only high amp power supply my teacher had was a 24v 12a power supply so I think I had too much energy as well.
If you used graphite or other inert material for the anode, you actually made some hypochlorite and chlorate -- the latter being an excellent (stable, if rather aggressive!) store of oxygen. More than enough chlorine escapes in the process to be able to smell it, but the primary gaseous product is still hydrogen; if it is your end goal, you would want to filter it to absorb/react the excess chlorine, not to mention salt spray, and moisture. (Chlorine is the primary anodic product at very low pH, however.)
If you used a corrodable metal, you don't get any oxygen (or chlorine oxides) at all, but hydrogen and a fine precipitate of metal oxide -- the result is quite remarkable with copper, as the excess chloride concentration is able to dissolve copper in the +1 state, which quickly neutralizes on the base from the cathode, producing a fine, bright yellow to orange, precipitate of Cu2O. As a semiconductor, the color is partly due to particle size, so takes on lighter hues the finer it is (compare with the brown to brick-red precipitate from reducing Fehling's reagent).
I know where there’s a massive amount of hydrogen just waiting to be harvested. Come with me! …bring a fire suit.
Why didn't the H and O recombine into water in the balloon?
Seems rather pedantic where the electricity comes from. Especially considering nuclear power different from renewable.
My friend Neil bent over
That's the noisiest sunshine I've ever seen...
Did Neal warn the rest of the building when he did this?
If I ever need hydrogen I'll go with vitamin a, water, and a catalyst.
So, what's the color of hydrogen that's produced as a biproduct of another artificial chemical reaction? There are various reactions such as aluminum, gallium, and water which produce hydrogen without the need of electricity or carbon.
That would probably depend on how the raw materials needed were obtained. In your example, most aluminium is smelted using tons of carbon, so it would be gray (or worse), but if you used one of the carbon-less methods (like the one Apple paid to develop) and used solar power, it would be green/yellow.
@@MikrySoft Your logic makes sense at first, except shouldn't that apply to the production of the solar panel too? You have to draw the line somewhere.
@@Toastmaster_5000 And to the production of the electrolysis plant etc.
In your example aluminium and water are fuels required for the hydrogen production, with aluminium being essentially an energy storage method.
If you look at it from energy perspective, you put energy into aluminium hydroxide, get aluminium, add water, galium as a catalyst and you get energy and aluminium hydroxide back.
All materials are recycled (you could even work with a closed loop of water), only energy is moved from one place to another.
That's why source of that energy is what matters the most (and energy used to ship the aluminium and aluminium hydroxide back and forth if I'm being pedantic).
Is liquid hydrogen really clear, or does it have a faint color like liquid oxygen?
It does.
What colour would the cosmic hydrogen be? Gold as it is naturally occurring, pink/purple as its a product of nuclear reactions, or some other colour entirely? I think that the idea of green hydrogen potentially being used for heating and combustion engines, it might still be more efficient to cut out the middle-man and just stick with electric motors and heating elements (though admittedly its not as cool)
Most of the hydrogen is the product of primordial reactions, which gave birth to the protons when the Universe was one second old. So it was not fusion or fission which are the usual reactions mentioned under nuclear.
6:02 What is this unit of measurement I'm hearing... "Miles"?! :P
John Cusack is a Hydrogen-level supporter of Periodic Videos!?
I wonder what color we’ll give to hydrogen created from the electricity produced from a fusion reactor. White Hydrogen?
Jet Black Hydrogen, obviously.
Hmmm, being able to extract two elements found in the Sun with energy from the Sun.