Thallium - Periodic Table of Videos
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- Опубліковано 6 вер 2021
- A new video about the element Thallium.
More links and info in full description ↓↓↓
Featuring Professor Martyn Poliakoff and Neil Barnes.
Thanks to The Royal Society of Chemistry for supporting this episode: www.rsc.org
Some papers and credits...
Preliminary researches on thallium: royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
The Royal Society: royalsociety.org/collections/
MEL Science: melscience.com/US-en/
Videos on all 118 elements: bit.ly/118elements
Support us on Patreon: / periodicvideos
More chemistry at www.periodicvideos.com/
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From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
This episode was also generously supported by The Gatsby Charitable Foundation
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan.com/
Brady's Blog: www.bradyharanblog.com
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- eepurl.com/YdjL9 - Наука та технологія
"Thallium poisoning makes your hair fall out"
*Immediately cuts to Neil*
LMAO
He still has a **lot** of hair thats at risk of fallin out that isnt on his head tho
The general humor of the Professor 🤣👌
Lol 😂
Proff roasted Neil 😅
Could I suggest a subject to do a video on please? I’m interested to see how such dangerous chemicals and solutions are cleaned up after use, how the air filtration systems work so no poisonous fumes are let out into the atmosphere, and how do you know which solutions/chemicals render the dangerous solutions inert and how do you double check that they are inert. Thanks.
I recommend nilered's videos for those topics. He did a few.
I'd recommend against nilered. Transition metal waste is made solid and stored indefinitely. Fume hoods dump the nasty air just into the atmosphere, little processing is done. This is ok tho, it gets diluted to negligible concentrations in the air
These guys never disappoint; very cool to know Martin worked on those thallium halide windows! I would be very interested to see the test is for thallium poisoning demonstrated, if you ever return to thallium.
Thallium + person = dead person, I think.
If you watch forensic files there are several episodes about thallium poisoning
@MichaelKingsfordGray you must be fun at parties... i mean, it's kind of your job, being a clown and all
@@r3q92 tbh, I've seen him around and he seems to behave like a bot.
1. He never uses any actual curse words in his insults, resulting in an "old man"/"moderated christian minecraft server" feel
2. randomly replies to any comment on any video of diverse topics across youtube that is made by a user that doesn't have a "real-sounding" name
3. never actually responds to anyone or any prompts
4. he never seems to post any comments relevant to videos or threads
5. usually always uses the same few words in a sentence, with slight variation in order and sentence structure.
@@PixlRainbow ahh ok, now that you put it like that it... really makes sense actually
A friend with a Ph.D. in chemistry told me once that working with thallium is kind of like working with radioactive substances: you need an entire separate lab just to handle them safely and prevent the thallium from contaminating other reagents. That might be overkill (Neal certainly knows what he's doing), but I would imagine that would certainly be the case in a commercial lab, they wouldn't want the liability.
Yeah at my University I think there is one guy working on thalium, he has to use separate glassware, discard of it differently and his own glovebox as far as I know.
That's what I like about this channel, sometimes the scientists are caught completely by surprise by an experiment. They know what to expect most of the time but once in a while something surprises them.
Science isn't just about answering the questions we have but about finding new questions to ask and I see that every time Neil or the Professor are caught off guard by something.
That’s why I love science, you learn new things every day.
This man is a true treasure,
The way he explains theses are so interesting and fun to watch
Thank you for brining us these videos Martin!
Couldn’t have said it better myself!
Thallium was used in a murder case in my city (Trondheim, Norway) in 1999. He first denied everything but then admitted to having poisoned his ex girlfriend but didn't intend for her to die. He said he wanted her to lose her hair and become less attractive to other men. I think he's still in jail.
Isn't there a max sentence of 21 Years for sane people in Norway? If so, he might be free by now.
@@darnoc4470 He was released on probation in 2013 (normal after having served 2/3), but broke the conditions the next year so he was arrested and sent back to serve the rest of his sentence. But the 21 years should be done soon I think. Or maybe he's out already.
@@bjornmu He had 6 years and 87 days left of his sentence when he was arrested and put back in jail in October 2014, so he must have been released in January 2021. At least that is what media reported back in 2014. But when I think of it, if he was released on probation in May 2013 after being imprisoned since January 1999, the remaining sentence should have been closer to 6 years and 250 days.
@@tor-einarjarnbjo1661 Time under arrest deducted from prison sentence?
@@zapfanzapfan I'm not sure what you mean. He was arrested in 1999, some sources say on January 31th, other on February 2nd. He was not sentenced until later in year 2000.
A few years back in 1983 there were cases of Thallium poisining at the University of Würzburg in Germany.
Someone left some juices and beer on a table at a public place with a note "free drinks". All were treated with Thalliumsulfate.
One student died, one became permanently disabled and 10 others had to go through immense pain.
As far as I know the case is still unsolved to this day.
Poisoning is a tricky one to solve I understand
Just brightened my whole day. Always a pleasure seeing the professor.
Indeed it is. He is really what makes Periodic Videos. The cornerstone, if you will.
Agatha Christie had a fair bit of knowledge of all kinds of poisons from working in hospital dispensaries (pharmacies in US English?) during both World Wars, and she was a pioneer in murder mystery literature where the murder weapon was a poison of some form; over half her novels feature poison as the method.
Pharmacies is the usual term in the US. If you say dispensary, people will assume that you're talking about a place to obtain medical cannabis.
Pharmacy is also the term in the UK
There's irony, a most poisonous element named after 'the color of life'.
I find it so wonderful when science surprises even those most learned researchers.
You don't see that here.
What a great surprise! I was just watching the old videos when this popped up.
When I started my PhD project in infrared materials there was a Japanese research group which used to grow TlInP on InP substrates with molecular beam epitaxy. It was so dangerous that the professor allowed no one else but himself to clean the chamber afterwards.
Grew GaAlAsP red 500mw 635nm lasing crystal wafers in a MOCVD at Boston Lasers several years ago. The chemicals used to make them were terrible. Also did InGaAsSb crystals too. Those lased at very long wavelemgths, aimed for 1.5um for rangefinder applications. Using that crystal baking machine was a black art though and the sligtest contamination could mess it up. One run did make a rather amusing mistake though, a little too much trimethyl aluminum ended up in the mix and made some laser chips that wanted to lase at 614nm but required a cool temperature of 5 deg C or less to do so. Was pretty amusing to see a witness test of over half a watt of pure orange laser light come out instead of the bright red 635nm we expected. We capped a few of them up in TEC cooled to-3 packages, but nobody wanted 250mw of 614nm unfortunately. 🤓
TlInP would be a near IR emitter. Grew some GaAlAsP wafers in a MOCVD machine, the InAsSb stuff was deep in the IR, 1.2 to 1.8um, but we typically made 1.55um wafers for rangefinder lasers. The coolest one was when the mocvd AlEt3 dosing pump failed and added 2 extra shots in the chamber. We rolled with it and finished the batch ending up with a 604nm wafers that made multitude chips at 120 to 228mw at 1A 2.6V and 15 deg C junction temp. Was crazy seeing that much orange light that didn't originate from a dye laser. ❤
ah yes, lead's angrier little brother
Perfect description
The poor kid grew up in a house between lead and mercury. He never had a chance.
@@herrbrahms at least he didn't end up like polonium...
only an angry supernova can make it
Well, the brown precipitate might be thallium(III) hydroxide - Tl(0H)3 -, which is formed throughout the solvation of TlCl3. In fact, the Ksp for Tl(OH)3 is ca. 10^(-45.2).¹
Therefore, perhaps Neil could have measured a decrease in the pH as TlCl3 hydrolysed to precipitate into Tl(OH)3.
Reference:
1. Lin, T. S.; Nriagu, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1998, 48, 151,
It's possible, but I prefer the bbq sauce explanation
Maybe, but thallium (III) hydroxide is white as a solid, and he was starting from thallium (III) nitrate, also white in solid form. Thallium (III) does form hydrated salts, so perhaps it has a hydrated hydroxide with that brown colour?
"Neil got nearly 50 grams of Thallium" and everybody ran of of the lab?
Everybody ran for the camera.
Neil can handle anything.
Lol 😂
Always a pleasure to see grown men being excited by science. Shows that we're all young at heart 😉
Seems like YEARS since there was a new one. Great to see.
This is the most wholesome channel. I love you guys
Thanks
Thanks for sharing! I'm no chemist but enjoy learning about everything
Irish also has a word for a bright and vivid green color: uaine. The "normal", darker and more muted green is: glas.
It's one word all the Celtic languages share but with minor differences in usage, I guess. "Glas" in modern Welsh means blue, but it used to refer to silver or slate grey or pale green or blue and also described the greenness of plants, which is why grass is called "glaswellt".
Interesting! Does it split any other colors dark/light that way? Russian does something similar with blue (синий vs. голубой) and English with red/pink. I enjoy the variety.
The West Germanic language English has a special word for certain light shades of red, known as “pink”.
Dark yellow is often described as “brown”.
Green is my favorite element
"Doesn't worry Nill, but makes me nervous"
Professor, shall your hair be as bountiful as it is beautiful
Thallium It's also used in a cardiac stress test. A coincidence of name of a former co-worker led to a joke that had to do with the murders when he had to have such a stress test. His name was Robert Curley and at the time he was working in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Several years earlier there had been a local thallium poisoning murder case of an unrelated man named Robert Curley and it had been a big enough news story that everyone knew the case.
Tl interferes with K+ ion channels in the body, that's why they use it for the stress test (and also why its poisonous)
As an undergrad, my inorganic lab was very unstructured (which was pretty awesome). Near the end of the course, we had to find a publication and reproduce the inorganic synthesis. As a naive individual, I selected a synthesis that included thallium, and went to the chem store (in the attic), and gathered all of my components. The professor would visit the lab about once a week, and when he came in and casually asked me what I was working on, I told him that it was a reaction including thallium. He literally shrieked and ran out of the lab telling me to immediately seal everything up and return it to the chem store as it was highly toxic. I still find the reaction rather interesting!
I recall finding a sealed test tube labelled thallium in a dusty old draw at university. Nearly had a heart attack when I later read the MSDS.
Aieee! That's a scary amount of thallium in one place. I'm a bit surprised he's not using a glove box or some other sealed environment to work with it.
Martyn might be coming into my Sixth Form, and I can't wait for his talk
Lucky!
Always exciting to get a new video notification from periodic videos. Thank you for your amazing content.
Your enthusiasm for chemistry is so much fun to see. It's infectious. I get excited to watch your videos
Spatulas in pocket..thats the most chemistry thing in my life
Didnt expect 21 likes😁😁
Pipette teats, a pencil and glassmarkers/OHP pens as well. I always used to have a spare pair of clean gloves in a separate pocket as well, just for emergencies
@@MortRotu super bro
I've been a fan for many years. I'm glad to see new content to come out on one of my favorite channels
I love your work. The content keeps getting better and better ... and I didn't really think that was attainable in this format. Thank you for the best of continuing eduction.
Neil gets bored and naturally he starts setting things on fire.
Haven't aged a day, it's great to see that enthusiasm.
Wonderful enlighting and exciting as always
thanks
These videos are always so comfy.
Just when you see the sign of an element, you can't resisist the video. Always love these basic details and prayers for professor.
This old man is a national treasure! Cheresh him ! I wish you Sir, all the best, a long and joyfull life!
Wonderful! Simply wonderful!
Thank you.
Always a pleasure watching. Thanks for posting again.
Really pleased to watch the new video. You were missed. Thank you.
I've never seen a better explanation about volume. Thank you.
Love you sir from India u are my inspiration and u motivate me everyday thank you sir
Aw that's nice bro pursue your passion!
@@curiodyssey3867 Thank You and u also follow it 😇
Love listening to this guy talk
The precipitates are an absolute work of art so beautiful 😊😊 especially the yellow
The all illustrious Thallium gets a new makeover…by none other then the equally illustrious Periodic Videos! Great overview of an often overlooked element 👍👌
New periodic video out
*me screaming of happiness*
So interesting this one for a quite rare and little known element
Thank you for sharing everything with us great video
Thank you for still making new videos :)
Ahhhh new haircut of my fav chemistry professor... Stay healthy and stay safe ❤️ from Ph
What a fascinating video, thank you for sharing!
Thallium iodide is one of the salts used in high-CRI metal halide lamps to adjust the overall emission spectrum. Thallium is used for green, sodium for its very pure yellow, and caesium for its intense blue lines.
Liked the atomic graphics of Thallium as well as including the stoichiometry for the experiments.
Love when you release videos :) Chemistry was always my bane... Im more physics. Never stop learning however :P I am not however game to taste chemicals for science :)
We have to protect that hair at all costs. :)
I would love to know more about prof. Poliakoff's research work. Much like how we have seen Prof. Moriarty's work on Sixty Symbols. The brief discussion of absorption of infrared light was very interesting.
Great content. Greetings from India, to the team and ofcourse to the Professor.👍
Love the periodic table of elements series.
I recall there was a movie about Thallium poisoning called “The young poisoners handbook”.
Based on the story of Graham Young.
Fantastic video as always
Glad to see the professor is fine! cheers
I made lovely green fireworks with Thalliumnitrate. That is 50 years ago now. Today i still get sweat in my face thinking of someone got the cloud to breathe while firing the firework. But the colour was a lovely strong green never seen.
Just learned about Ultra Pure Water for semiconductor manufacturing and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Would love to see a video about how Ultra Pure Water is made, its chemical properties, and how it’s treated after use.
Somewhere out there some massive event like white dwarf collision or neutron star process happened and the result was thallium being created and ejected into space .. Just fascinating everything comes from a about 100 different elements
Love your channel always very intresting videos!
Every video is different and Informative than others
Today I completely by hearted the periodic table, and your new video came
I imagine ending up in the UK and seeing the Queen. Thinking "Ah neat." then seeing Professor Martyn and panicking. Too cool for me.
Professor and team of periodic videos please also Make videos on interesting compounds and types of bonding and new discoveries in it
Not gonna lie, I came for Professor Poliakoff but got hooked while watching
A forest in bloom, a sunset, or a beautiful woman? No - I just sit at home watching solid precipitation all day.
thank you for introducing me to thalos. I live in a forest and that is a very handy term.
Nice quality! Clear improvement :)
We did experiments with a Thallium spectral lamp... the green line is really very beautiful (it also makes a prominent UV line, too)
I know I already mentioned this but some metal halide lamps, particularly those used in applications where colour rendering is critical, use thallium iodide in the salt dose for its intense green spectral line.
I heard about it from the film "The complete poisoners handbook. " Little bit disappointed you didn't grow any crystals. They're beautiful according to that film.
I learned from the film Young Poisoner's Handbook.
New periodic video; very nice!
Yes, that is why In Spanish “tallo” is the word for the newborn branch of any plant
Glad to know professor’s hair was and cut it wasn’t the thallium.
I almost didn't recognize him 😀
He returns 😭❤️
4.21 looks like a yellow dragon taking a dive down. Beautiful
Or the chest buster from aliens 👀
🌴😎💯Thanks Professor Martyn & Neil.👌
Thallium is a very interesting and also very poisoning element,right before lead a.n. 81,with two oxidation states in,If properly remember,and that's +1 and +3.
The last time I was this early, Ununseptium was an element.
Thallium (III) nitrate is a strong oxidizer which, according to The Handbook Of Chemistry & Physics, indeed decomposes in water.
I'm not sure what it decomposes into. Maybe some Thallium(III) oxide is formed, as this has a brown color.
I will literally never find these people boring
I'm a pretty new subscriber here. Does Neil ever speak? The "Hm!" at 2:16 is the only sound I've heard from him. I was shocked, haha.
Great video as always.
Hope you're doing well professor
I haven't seen you in a while 🙂
Crooks! I was trying to remember the name associated with my radiometer. Thanks Sir Martyn!
Thallium has an interesting connection with natural radioactivity, the characteristic gamma radiation from thorium ore is due to the thallium 208 in the decay chain from Th232. Also, the most common sensor for detecting gamma radiation is a crystal of thallium-doped sodium iodide (NaI:Tl) which is a scintillator (there are many other kinds) and the flashes of light or "scintillations" have an intensity proportional to the gamma photon energy.
7:07 closed captions: "this is phallus after which thallium is named"
What I really want to know is how the 1800s and 1900s element discoverers come across such elements. It's not like you can just go in your back yard, dig up a rock, and think "hmm, I wonder if there's an element in here that hasn't been discovered yet".
They kinda could in some cases, Crooke found Tl by looking where nobody else had (Se waste I think the professor said?) and looking at the colours emitted when it was heated.
If that 'place that nobody else has looked' happened to be in their garden, then they could discover something new. You can probably still do this with minerals tbh
I love these videos❤️
Thanks
@@periodicvideos Thanks to you for new videos
Murders, poisons and scientific rivalries - what more could you want in an elemental story! Thanks for a fine video!
One of the interesting aspects of thallium chemistry comes about because of the inert pair effect. The two 6s electrons are quite loath to become valence electrons, and thallium (III) compounds have a tendency to spontaneously disproportionate to thallium (I) compounds at normal temperatures and pressures. The single 6p electron gives thallium (I) a semblance of the chemistry of the alkali metals, with thallium (I) hydroxide being a strong base.
Thank you for the new video. John L., Ohio
Can you recrystallize thallium(I) iodide just like in the golden rain lead(II) iodide experiment?
Yay new videos!
Where did you get the visulizations of electron orbits?
Crookes of the CRT & more? Could be related with his involvement in Selenium research because of the luminescent & photo-sensitive characteristics (ideas & models now used but then 1862 still in process of pioneered) also used for detecting electron defection, excitation, among more info & inferences? Spectral chromatic observation (& electro-magnetic) still employed while further characterizing the atom by advancing technology which Crookes made essential contributions. Thallium was early in his career. Among my personal esteemed researchers also with respect to Dalton et al, they provided further insight into atomic structure & developing the Periodic Table.
I'm doing research on thallium 201 so this video is very cool