Great they decided to do the YT channel! The addition of watching Tom and Dominic react to the stories adds the extra element of story telling that I absolutely love!
It is wonderful to be part of the next "reformation". The coming of the internet means ordinary people like me can listen to minds like yours work , hear discussion that was previously only for the few blessed with education, time and money. I can identify with the ordinary people first exposed to the printing press. Subject after subject pops up and I can't absorb it all fast enough. From Charlemagne to Winston Churchill .............. and more . Thank you!!
I'm a staunch Catholic, every time someone shows me the true head of St. John the Baptism, I believe them. Especially if there's more than one on display.
Love the channel. Rest is history on spotify asks what they can do better. 1. Be consistent in timing of uploads. UA-cam is uploaded different day than spotify. 2. Number the episodes. 3. Episodes seem to be missing. 4. Do a livestream on youtube sometimes where people can ask questions. You can actually make money with that. 5. Engage with your audience. All this to better the channel. I sincerely love it and with a little more structure you guys will be very succesful growing the audience.
Please do a few videos on the Holy Roman Empire. I have a science background but am a big reader, and I struggle to grasp the interplay between national politics and the Church. It seems like at times the HRE was just sort of a club without much day-to-day effect on the political events in the various principalities and at other times it was a Big Deal.
This is fascinating material and I'm so glad I found this site. I've been watching Tom for a while talking with N.T.Wright and Briersly and several others, but this is pure gold! Thanks so much for sharing this wonderful material!
Really enjoyed these episodes - there was of course the Great Schism 1054 where the Eastern Orthodox and RC churches split which was political as much as theological but showed the competition for power and control as was the Western Schism 1378-1417 then came the ‘Schism of 1521’ the Protestant Reformation.
I tend to think that Luther's experience in the storm was his conversion moment, rather than just a promise to become a monk out of fear. His life was never the same and he was empowered to do what no unregenerate soul could achieve. John Newton, the author of Amazing Grace, had a similar experience in a storm at sea in 1748. Like Luther, his whole life was turned on its head and he eventually became an important figure in the abolitionist movement that brought an end to the Atlantic slave trade.
I think it makes sense that the people of that day believed that these relics were real. It's difficult if you don't realize the vast differences in experience we have today versus people of that time. Very few had any education. There was no internet or social media, let alone TV, radio or newspapers. Books were few, and it didn't really matter anyway since even fewer people could read. Most people lived in rural areas or small towns or cities that they never left. Given all this, few people had the knowledge or experience to even consider what is obvious to most people today. How could they?
People always believe thinks that authority tells them it's the truth. Even today. Ask yourself some common sense questions, like is DNA real, do we need oxygen to breathe, do electrons exist... Then ask yourself how much those things can you prove yourself. You would be surprised how much of what you believe it's true, you have been told by some authority. Despite the fact you have internet. One interesting rabbit whole is the conspiracy "dinosaurs are not real". I mean I do believe they are real XD. But it's a fun rabbit hole to go down with, I was suprised hom much we take for granted. I didn't know all those skeletons in museums are replicas. I didn't know how much speculation there is in this realm. I still think it's a wild conspiracy. But it did told me how medieval people believe in holy relics. Like dinosaur bondes are for us the holy relics of darwinism, since they prove our world view.
As a (lapsed) Catholic who nevertheless has some sympathy for its more community- and less individual-focused approach, I knew very little about Luther's personal background. I'm eager to learn more, but from what I've heard thus far, I feel rather sorry for him and his existential angst...
I'd like to quote Eamon Duffy from his book- ROYAL BOOKS AND HOLY BONES: "Christianity, for most of its history, has ... been a religion in which the divine has been understood as immanent in and accessible through created matter: in the material elements of the sacraments (bread and wine, oil and water); in the painted or carved images of Christ and the saints; in the music and ceremonies of the liturgy; in the landscapes, routes and journeyings in which the shrines of the saints were located; and in the very flesh and bones of the holy dead themselves." He is writing about an attitude that the harhar cynicism of the modern mind to things not scientific will never be able to penetrate.
I’m an American whose Lutheran Neighbors tried to get me to leave my Roman Catholic by trying to shame with quotes by Luther. Instead it got my Irish up!
As well as typing dull and boring comments you are clearly in deep ignorance. I pray that the All-Holy and EVER VIRGIN Mother of God intercede for you so that you one day you take those blinkers off.
At approximately 37:00 Tom and Dominic discuss Luther's attitude to Aristotle, subsequently bringing in St Augustine and the sinfulness of the human race. Is that in anyway in anticipation of Thomas Hobbes and his ideas?
Really can see the puritanical nature of some veins of Protestantism coming through in Lutheran thought. And the evangelical, medieval nature and understanding of “the devil” too. A far cry from Sunday school CofE circa 1980-2010 … almost more supernatural and superstitious in thought (as opposed to action) than the modern Catholic Church… in the west at least
Lighting is just a momentary fear, the fear of his father would have been constant. But there may well have been an even greater and more rational fear. The young Martin Luther could well have been involved in an illegal duel in which he killed a man, a “friend”, and that would have been sufficient reason to seek a safe haven from the law of the land in an Augustinian monastery.
I've spent 55+ years, as a modern-day 'mountain monk' (yet like Luther, far from celibacy) studying theology, philosophy, and church history--an autodidact. Given the extraordinary significance of Martin Luther for having unshackled Christianity from the spiritual darkness of Roman Catholicism which led to worldwide social transformation, I urge Dominic Sandbrook and The Rest is History team to free this series from behind the paywall. PS. I hope they (and Tom Holland) were able to procure at copy of Packer and Johnston's Historical and Theological Introduction to Luther's BONDAGE OF THE WILL. This 1957 publication is the best explanation of the spark that ignited the Reformation.
Anyone touting themselves as a "monk" but bragging about their lack of celibacy sound a bit too culty to be taken seriously. The sort of person who cannot be told "no" even by their own ideology
There's a funny story about Johann Tetzel (the indulgence seller). He approached a wealthy man in Leipzig, and they agreed a large price for a "future sin" that the rich man had in mind. Tetzel went off in his coach with a chest full of money, Along the way the coach got stopped, and the wealthy man beat the hell out of Tetzel, and stole the money back. He then explained "that was the future sin I had in mind". Apologies if this comes up in Part 3.
Perhaps God, the replacement father, had become even worse in his mind than the father he escaped. So much religion has its psychological roots. God has been a massive projection screen for all manner of existential angst down the ages avross cultures for notions of power , tribal righteousness , superiority etc. God may indeed exist but in our minds never free from the psychological clutter we load on to " him in barrel- loads.Our cultural concepts of good or bad, requiring obedience, freely merciful etc etc but never unbiased culturally or psychologically. Maybe L was trying to release God from the religious concepts of his time but set up new ones in doing so that gained tgeir own life. I'm getting addicted to your historical conversations. And engaging with them in my own mind.
All the state universities in the US are from a decree from Lincoln, that each state should have a university and each county should have an Extension Office where local people can go to ask experts for advice. Mostly agricultural sciences stuff, but also home economics. You could call your local Agent and get advice on a huge slew of topics, get water and soil tested,etc. The 4-H youth program is a branch of this free to the public program. Sadly, under the gop, the Extension Office program has seen its funding cut drastically.
(1) Land grant universities were created by an act of Congress -- the Morrill Act -- not presidential decree. (2) Extensions are alive and well. I live in a currently GOP-governed state in a suburbanized county and have access to and have used the local extension of the state university systems' agricultural colleges.
There is no doubt that Luther's interpretations of scripture were _profoundly_ shaped by his Augustinianism. The same errors one finds in Augustine one also finds in Luther. NT scholars are aware, for instance, that 'predestination' as it was understood by Luther and Augustine is not a part of the text.
In the Bible, a careful theological distinction is made between “evil” and “wicked.” For Augustine, Luther, and Evangelicals, this important distinction is upheld. “Wicked” is the most extreme form of “evil.” All sinners can be “evil,” but not all are “wicked.” Here is the definition for “wicked.” Genesis 6:5 “But the LORD saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time.”
With all due respect to Tom Holland (an excellent and absorbing historian), but having spent 55+ years of study and research in theology, philosophy, and church history (I’m a former Roman Catholic, now born-again Evangelical, similar to Luther), Tom misses the heart of Luther’s struggle. The absolute best read is THE BONDAGE OF THE WILL, translation by J. I. Packer and O. R. Johnston, Revell, 1957. The initial 65 pages are the finest historical and theological Introduction from the Protestant perspective. DON’T MISS LUTHER’S OWN VOICE AND CONCLUSION TO THE MATTER!
Just been listening to Lloyd De Jongh on his youtube channel, commenting on the Works of Martin Luther. It is a little confusing how he presents it but not a pretty picture. Have the presenters here come across Lloyd ? Waiting to see how these videos tie in, if at all, care to comment?
@2:30 ' ... you've got all the ingredients for life in that pond, but it takes a lightening bolt to generate ... ' Only a Christian apologist could come up with an analogy as UNENLIGHTENING! as that. ... Otherwise a hugely enjoyable ramble through the incoherence of 15-16th century religious identity which , contrary to Holland's formulation, is at least as strange as classical Roman religious identity if not more so.
Luther's father sounds pretty gaslighty. I know physical abuse was the norm but I have to wonder how much of history was violently rewrittten by the hand of CPTSD. Especially since we rarely hear much about the peaceful kings who didn't get beaten or watch their families die horribly
Luther DID NOT posit Sola Scriptura without adding God’s supernatural ‘elective’ (sovereign) work for understanding the Bible (the doctrine of Illumination). Further, he didn’t absolutely exclude tradition and philosophy (e.g., the works of Augustine), but they must take a secondary or tertiary role.
By Luther's time it wasn't just the printing press that was something that Europe had that the ancients didn't. There was also the compass, gunpowder and the discovery of the Americas.
I always find it amusing that religious people like Luther who despise human reason are not self-aware enough to notice that the only way they could arrive at such a conclusion is... um... through the use of reason
you realize how unacceptable it is to INVOKE a spirit?!?!😂 That's insanely anti-christian. Lol *you have God himself, the Christ... and you're asking a dead woman for help?! Next time just use a ouja board and call upon baal or rain man for guidance
Martin Luther is a nothing and nobody. Hus was truly pious and was the first reformer. Napoleon is the most important human in history. Luther I repeat nothing and nobody
How can any historical podcast mention Erfurt without at least a glancing reference to the Latrine Disaster? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt_latrine_disaster
I love how you got the other Tom Holland in the chair at the start of the show 😂
Hahahaha
Caught me off guard and nearly choked on my tea 😂
Saw that 😅
@@tomfoulds2604 Getting us in the mood for a more superstitious time...
His father is a stand up comedian Dominic Holland who did a funny skit about his son being Spider-Man 😊
Great they decided to do the YT channel! The addition of watching Tom and Dominic react to the stories adds the extra element of story telling that I absolutely love!
It is wonderful to be part of the next "reformation". The coming of the internet means ordinary people like me can listen to minds like yours work , hear discussion that was previously only for the few blessed with education, time and money. I can identify with the ordinary people first exposed to the printing press. Subject after subject pops up and I can't absorb it all fast enough. From Charlemagne to Winston Churchill .............. and more . Thank you!!
I'm a staunch Catholic, every time someone shows me the true head of St. John the Baptism, I believe them. Especially if there's more than one on display.
Great timing on the upload. This will be my leg-day listen for the gym!
This podcast can be quite funny. Good luck keeping a straight face on the treadmill.
Listening to this for leg day is the strangest gym listen I’ve ever heard
@@aw6379 it's not the strangest thing I've listened to in the gym:)
Words are better than music for working out for sure
Glad im not the only one. I wonder if it takes away a bit of vigor during the workout but oh well
this might be the best series you've done recently, great stuff
This is my third series. Thanks for sharing
Love the channel. Rest is history on spotify asks what they can do better. 1. Be consistent in timing of uploads. UA-cam is uploaded different day than spotify. 2. Number the episodes. 3. Episodes seem to be missing. 4. Do a livestream on youtube sometimes where people can ask questions. You can actually make money with that. 5. Engage with your audience. All this to better the channel. I sincerely love it and with a little more structure you guys will be very succesful growing the audience.
Very much agree with all of these.
Thank you, I am absolutely loving this series.
Please do a few videos on the Holy Roman Empire. I have a science background but am a big reader, and I struggle to grasp the interplay between national politics and the Church. It seems like at times the HRE was just sort of a club without much day-to-day effect on the political events in the various principalities and at other times it was a Big Deal.
This is fascinating material and I'm so glad I found this site. I've been watching Tom for a while talking with N.T.Wright and Briersly and several others, but this is pure gold! Thanks so much for sharing this wonderful material!
Really enjoyed these episodes - there was of course the Great Schism 1054 where the Eastern Orthodox and RC churches split which was political as much as theological but showed the competition for power and control as was the Western Schism 1378-1417 then came the ‘Schism of 1521’ the Protestant Reformation.
Dimension of Sh!t is definitely the name of my next death metal band.
I listened to your elucidating video.
Thank you.
I will archive and share.
Thank you. Learnt a few new tricks here.
Bloody marvellous stuff.
A bombshell indeed 🤩 brilliantly done 👍
Great discussion. Thanks!
The relic-dealers of Europe must have seen the Elector Friedrich coming from a long way off 😅😂
... But "storm clouds" is such an apt metaphor. Can you think of another?
I tend to think that Luther's experience in the storm was his conversion moment, rather than just a promise to become a monk out of fear.
His life was never the same and he was empowered to do what no unregenerate soul could achieve.
John Newton, the author of Amazing Grace, had a similar experience in a storm at sea in 1748. Like Luther, his whole life was turned on its head and he eventually became an important figure in the abolitionist movement that brought an end to the Atlantic slave trade.
I think it makes sense that the people of that day believed that these relics were real. It's difficult if you don't realize the vast differences in experience we have today versus people of that time. Very few had any education. There was no internet or social media, let alone TV, radio or newspapers. Books were few, and it didn't really matter anyway since even fewer people could read. Most people lived in rural areas or small towns or cities that they never left. Given all this, few people had the knowledge or experience to even consider what is obvious to most people today. How could they?
People always believe thinks that authority tells them it's the truth. Even today. Ask yourself some common sense questions, like is DNA real, do we need oxygen to breathe, do electrons exist... Then ask yourself how much those things can you prove yourself. You would be surprised how much of what you believe it's true, you have been told by some authority. Despite the fact you have internet.
One interesting rabbit whole is the conspiracy "dinosaurs are not real". I mean I do believe they are real XD. But it's a fun rabbit hole to go down with, I was suprised hom much we take for granted. I didn't know all those skeletons in museums are replicas. I didn't know how much speculation there is in this realm.
I still think it's a wild conspiracy. But it did told me how medieval people believe in holy relics. Like dinosaur bondes are for us the holy relics of darwinism, since they prove our world view.
As a (lapsed) Catholic who nevertheless has some sympathy for its more community- and less individual-focused approach, I knew very little about Luther's personal background.
I'm eager to learn more, but from what I've heard thus far, I feel rather sorry for him and his existential angst...
I'd like to quote Eamon Duffy from his book- ROYAL BOOKS AND HOLY BONES: "Christianity, for most of its history, has ... been a religion in which the divine has been understood as immanent in and accessible through created matter: in the material elements of the sacraments (bread and wine, oil and water); in the painted or carved images of Christ and the saints; in the music and ceremonies of the liturgy; in the landscapes, routes and journeyings in which the shrines of the saints were located; and in the very flesh and bones of the holy dead themselves." He is writing about an attitude that the harhar cynicism of the modern mind to things not scientific will never be able to penetrate.
Was fully expecting Luther to be writing in German to use Shiße so many times
24:00 you're both right.
Thank you. Watching from Alaska. 🤔
The fever dream of hyper religiosity.
The damage he did to the world is criminal.
I’m an American whose Lutheran Neighbors tried to get me to leave my Roman Catholic by trying to shame with quotes by Luther. Instead it got my Irish up!
Well for goodness sake put it down before the smell kicks up, ya bead rattling fanny.
St Anne being the patron saint of miners makes sense;
Her virgin daughter Mary's predicament made her dig herself deeper and deeper.
Thatherstory was believed could be used as proof of the devine!
As well as typing dull and boring comments you are clearly in deep ignorance.
I pray that the All-Holy and EVER VIRGIN Mother of God intercede for you so that you one day you take those blinkers off.
There are 7 Ann heads in churches around Europe, the catholic church says everyone is real
Never has there been a more perfect name for a family of bankers....
At approximately 37:00 Tom and Dominic discuss Luther's attitude to Aristotle, subsequently bringing in St Augustine and the sinfulness of the human race. Is that in anyway in anticipation of Thomas Hobbes and his ideas?
Really can see the puritanical nature of some veins of Protestantism coming through in Lutheran thought. And the evangelical, medieval nature and understanding of “the devil” too. A far cry from Sunday school CofE circa 1980-2010 … almost more supernatural and superstitious in thought (as opposed to action) than the modern Catholic Church… in the west at least
Damn ... I wanted to knowTom Holland the actor's opinion of Martin Luther.
Dying to beg that Tom be permitted to get on
Dang that thumb nail definitely grabbed my attention
There ain't no devils in a cup of tea 😶🌫️
Re Luther and Aristotle, at about 34:40, In a similar way Galileo's beef was never with the Church, it was always with Aristotle. The pattern repeats.
Lighting is just a momentary fear, the fear of his father would have been constant. But there may well have been an even greater and more rational fear. The young Martin Luther could well have been involved in an illegal duel in which he killed a man, a “friend”, and that would have been sufficient reason to seek a safe haven from the law of the land in an Augustinian monastery.
I've spent 55+ years, as a modern-day 'mountain monk' (yet like Luther, far from celibacy) studying theology, philosophy, and church history--an autodidact. Given the extraordinary significance of Martin Luther for having unshackled Christianity from the spiritual darkness of Roman Catholicism which led to worldwide social transformation, I urge Dominic Sandbrook and The Rest is History team to free this series from behind the paywall. PS. I hope they (and Tom Holland) were able to procure at copy of Packer and Johnston's Historical and Theological Introduction to Luther's BONDAGE OF THE WILL. This 1957 publication is the best explanation of the spark that ignited the Reformation.
Anyone touting themselves as a "monk" but bragging about their lack of celibacy sound a bit too culty to be taken seriously. The sort of person who cannot be told "no" even by their own ideology
Come on, the calling the Román Catholic church dark after Calvin, Cromwell and the USA evangelicals? Come on.
@@HomeFromFarAway 🤣
where is he now
3:21 SAXONY? Jesus! 😂
I wish they'd cut it out with the ee by gum cod Yorkshire, or whichever accent they imagine they are doing.
I think the ‘tower moment’ has to do with the iconology and meaning of the ‘Tower’ card in tarot rather than where he studied.
15:30 "Born again" was not St. Paul, just fyi, fwiw.
Luther suffered from scrupulosity, so his only relief was sole fide, faith alone.
I think if there had been more flogging, there would have been no need of Luther and his namby-pamby reformation
😂
Oh those nasty gathering storm clouds in History ...
There's a funny story about Johann Tetzel (the indulgence seller). He approached a wealthy man in Leipzig, and they agreed a large price for a "future sin" that the rich man had in mind. Tetzel went off in his coach with a chest full of money, Along the way the coach got stopped, and the wealthy man beat the hell out of Tetzel, and stole the money back. He then explained "that was the future sin I had in mind".
Apologies if this comes up in Part 3.
Perhaps God, the replacement father, had become even worse in his mind than the father he escaped. So much religion has its psychological roots. God has been a massive projection screen for all manner of existential angst down the ages avross cultures for notions of power , tribal righteousness , superiority etc. God may indeed exist but in our minds never free from the psychological clutter we load on to " him in barrel- loads.Our cultural concepts of good or bad, requiring obedience, freely merciful etc etc but never unbiased culturally or psychologically. Maybe L was trying to release God from the religious concepts of his time but set up new ones in doing so that gained tgeir own life. I'm getting addicted to your historical conversations. And engaging with them in my own mind.
"Maimie, Martin Luther's out!"
I never knew that Stevie Wonder's song 'Happy Birthday' was written about Martin Luther
king?
😂
😂… great tune but glad Stevie updated it from a 16th Century madrigal 😂
what help did he do..to humanity
All the state universities in the US are from a decree from Lincoln, that each state should have a university and each county should have an Extension Office where local people can go to ask experts for advice. Mostly agricultural sciences stuff, but also home economics. You could call your local Agent and get advice on a huge slew of topics, get water and soil tested,etc. The 4-H youth program is a branch of this free to the public program. Sadly, under the gop, the Extension Office program has seen its funding cut drastically.
(1) Land grant universities were created by an act of Congress -- the Morrill Act -- not presidential decree. (2) Extensions are alive and well. I live in a currently GOP-governed state in a suburbanized county and have access to and have used the local extension of the state university systems' agricultural colleges.
There is no doubt that Luther's interpretations of scripture were _profoundly_ shaped by his Augustinianism. The same errors one finds in Augustine one also finds in Luther. NT scholars are aware, for instance, that 'predestination' as it was understood by Luther and Augustine is not a part of the text.
In the Bible, a careful theological distinction is made between “evil” and “wicked.” For Augustine, Luther, and Evangelicals, this important distinction is upheld. “Wicked” is the most extreme form of “evil.” All sinners can be “evil,” but not all are “wicked.” Here is the definition for “wicked.”
Genesis 6:5 “But the LORD saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time.”
@droppeddogs …”ALL THE TIME.” Read and factor ALL the words of a verse.
I am answering no to your opening questions.
With all due respect to Tom Holland (an excellent and absorbing historian), but having spent 55+ years of study and research in theology, philosophy, and church history (I’m a former Roman Catholic, now born-again Evangelical, similar to Luther), Tom misses the heart of Luther’s struggle. The absolute best read is THE BONDAGE OF THE WILL, translation by J. I. Packer and O. R. Johnston, Revell, 1957. The initial 65 pages are the finest historical and theological Introduction from the Protestant perspective. DON’T MISS LUTHER’S OWN VOICE AND CONCLUSION TO THE MATTER!
With all due respect, once a Roman Catholic, no born again vagraries are possible, no Bolsonaro or Megachurches can come in
Did Dominic curse himself purgatory by doubting the authenticity of these holy relics? 😂
Just been listening to Lloyd De Jongh on his youtube channel, commenting on the Works of Martin Luther. It is a little confusing how he presents it but not a pretty picture. Have the presenters here come across Lloyd ? Waiting to see how these videos tie in, if at all, care to comment?
@2:30 ' ... you've got all the ingredients for life in that pond, but it takes a lightening bolt to generate ... ' Only a Christian apologist could come up with an analogy as UNENLIGHTENING! as that. ... Otherwise a hugely enjoyable ramble through the incoherence of 15-16th century religious identity which , contrary to Holland's formulation, is at least as strange as classical Roman religious identity if not more so.
Luther's father sounds pretty gaslighty. I know physical abuse was the norm but I have to wonder how much of history was violently rewrittten by the hand of CPTSD. Especially since we rarely hear much about the peaceful kings who didn't get beaten or watch their families die horribly
Luther DID NOT posit Sola Scriptura without adding God’s supernatural ‘elective’ (sovereign) work for understanding the Bible (the doctrine of Illumination). Further, he didn’t absolutely exclude tradition and philosophy (e.g., the works of Augustine), but they must take a secondary or tertiary role.
What Luther struggled with at 18:00 is Scrupulosity.
Tom Holland Easter egg!
95? He couldn't come up with just 5 more?
"Sola scriptura" sounds a lot like today's "independent thinking" on covid for examaple.
By Luther's time it wasn't just the printing press that was something that Europe had that the ancients didn't. There was also the compass, gunpowder and the discovery of the Americas.
how about the pope
I always find it amusing that religious people like Luther who despise human reason are not self-aware enough to notice that the only way they could arrive at such a conclusion is... um... through the use of reason
It's a shame that you don't explore whether Luther was just plainly psychotic.
16th century appears to be mostly psychotic
catolic ,no monk
you realize how unacceptable it is to INVOKE a spirit?!?!😂 That's insanely anti-christian. Lol
*you have God himself, the Christ... and you're asking a dead woman for help?! Next time just use a ouja board and call upon baal or rain man for guidance
Given the suffering he caused I can't help wonder if he prayed to satan by mistake
Martin Luther is a nothing and nobody. Hus was truly pious and was the first reformer. Napoleon is the most important human in history. Luther I repeat nothing and nobody
I'm waiting for the Diet of Worms (ewww).
tom holland? lol
Thank you for this one too, I learned quite a bit.
I’ll pass on this part 1 was sloppy at best. No need to mock Christianity. Woke garbage.
How can any historical podcast mention Erfurt without at least a glancing reference to the Latrine Disaster?
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erfurt_latrine_disaster
That was fascinating 👍