Carnot Cycle & Heat Engines, Maximum Efficiency, & Energy Flow Diagrams Thermodynamics & Physics
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- Опубліковано 6 гру 2017
- This thermodynamics / physics video tutorial provides a basic introduction into the carnot cycle and carnot heat engines. It explains how to calculate the maximum efficiency of heat engine which is equivalent to the thermal efficiency of an ideal carnot heat engine. This video contains energy flow diagrams that will help you to visualize the transfer of heat energy from the hot reservoir into the heat engine and then to the cold reservoir. This tutorial also discusses how to calculate the mechanical work generated by a carnot engine. It also covers the four steps of the carnot cycle which consists of an isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression and adiabatic compression. This thermodynamics contains all of the formulas and equations needed to solve the practice problems presented in this tutorial.
Open Vs Closed Vs Isolated System: • Open System, Closed Sy...
First Law of Thermodynamics:
• First Law of Thermodyn...
Isobaric Process:
• Isobaric Process Therm...
Isochoric Process:
• Isochoric Process Ther...
Isothermal Process:
• Isothermal process The...
Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas:
• Internal Energy of an ...
_________________________
Adiabatic Process:
• Adiabatic Process - Wo...
PV Diagrams:
• PV Diagrams, How To Ca...
Thermodynamics Review:
• Thermodynamics, PV Dia...
2nd Law of Thermodynamics:
• Second Law of Thermody...
Heat Engines:
• Heat Engines, Thermal ...
Converting Heat Into Electricity:
• Thermodynamics - Conve...
________________________
Otto Cycle:
• Otto Cycle of Internal...
Refrigerators and Heat Pumps:
• Refrigerators, Heat Pu...
Entropy:
• Entropy Change For Mel...
Heat Engines and Refrigerators Review:
• Carnot Heat Engines, E...
Physics PDF Worksheets:
www.video-tutor.net/physics-b...
Final Exams and Video Playlists: www.video-tutor.net/
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i am so grateful for this elegant and simple explanation of the carnot cycle. it saved me from losing so many marks in my exams!
13:14 for Carnot Cycle
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Hi, at 18:08, I think you missed a negative sign. Q(c)=-nRT(c)ln(Vd/Vc) Your videos really help a lot!!
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On Question 2, why did you use a different variant for the efficiency, and when do you know to use which one?
this is 2 years late but if helps anyone they are equivalent
*4 months late
divide the numerator by the denominator and it goes from (Th - Tc)/Th to 1 - (Tc/Th)
I am very interested in physics and related subjects. This video is simple for me to understand
Exam time in 18 minutes, let’s see what we get
Near the end of the video when you are calculating the work done by the adiabatic expansion between B and C you use the constant Cv. Isn't Cv a constant used when the volume is constant? In the same way Cp is used in a process where the pressure is constant?
You don't necessarily need constant volume for Cv to apply, or constant pressure for Cp to apply. They relate to the special case where these specific heat capacities are the constants of proportionality between change in temperature and heat added to the system, but they apply outside this context as well. Cv is the proportionality constant between temperature an internal energy, while Cp is the proportionality constant between temperature and enthalpy. And this is true, regardless of whether volume or pressure is constant in any situation. And since both enthalpy and internal energy are state functions, it doesn't matter what path we take. The difference in these thermodynamic energy values still applies.
Cv and Cp do have some dependence on temperature, so it isn't an exact proportionality. But it is close, and these values aren't very temperature sensitive, so you still get meaningful results by assuming they are constant with temperature.
In this particular application, U=Cv*T is the way we calculate internal energy at each point of interest. We then take changes in internal energy, and equate them to account for work done by or on the system, associated with each adiabatic process.
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In Step 2 of the Carnot Cycle, the Equation for Change in internal energy used is dU = n(Cv)dT, why do we use Cv (molar heat capacity at constant volume) if we are talking about an adiabatic expansion where the volume is not constant?
Umm as a chemist I would prefer the sign convention (Delta U = Q + W ) but the rest are fine
Why do chemists want to impose a sign convention that only meshes well with chemistry problems? The laws of thermodynamics are supposed to be universal. Why do some people want to tailor them for specialized cases?
@@gustavopaz5453 the sign convention of chemistry can be used in physics and vice versa
Both of them are universal
Ah yes, Physical Chemistry. The bane of my undergraduate GPA
Sir at problem 4
What is the exhaust temp?
Is it the Tc=266.7?
not the Th=666.7?
Hello, Can I clarify if in 18:08, should the it be Q=-W? since the Work is(-) from the compression giving you delta U = Q - (-W)? and also in 19:12, isnt the delta U = +W because Work is (-) from the compression giving you delta U = Q - (-W)? Or am i wrong?
im a little bit confused about that one too
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POWERFUL EXPLANATION BUT PLS CAN U ANSWER FELIPE GARCIA'S QUESTION. i am really interested in it
They are equivalent
divide the numerator by the denominator and it goes from (Th - Tc)/Th to 1 - (Tc/Th)
Professor I have a question here. Is Carnot cycle totally isothermal? I mean there are two isothermal processes, which are isothermal compression and isothermal expansion. Others are adiabatic compression and adiabatic expansion. These adiabatics are also isothermal, at the same time ?
I have my chemistry exam tomorrow
I hope it helps 😩
if any expanssion gives a +w ... then how the work will be positive in second step of carnot cycle ??
because the work= - ncv deltaT
∆T is negative beacuse temperature is reduced in the second step hence the work is positive.
shahzan ahmad ohhh! Now it makes sense, thanks a lot.
Please sir upload the diesel cycle curve.
Why is the work done by the system in question number 2 not minus ?
김다민 it should be minus, since it’s leaving the system
What does n represent?
Which textbook is this?
I don't understand why you're using dU = n*Cv*dT where Cv is used for constant volume but volume is not constant during adiabatic expension/compression?
I responded to this same question to a user named Andrew Dave on this video.
Please for help in homogeneity
I think there's something wrong in number 3. 🤔
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6:38 Wouldn't Qc be -6000 J?
Awat kat slide kami takdak, nanti time explain memang aku jawab according to youtube
When is engine an ideal one?
Carnot engine is an ideal engine, its efficiency is 1. It’s impossible for a real engine to have efficiency equal to 1.
@@frostbite07 Carnot engine doesn't have the efficiency equal to one.
Before proceeding remember that "thermodynamic temperature" just means we're using a temperature scale with 0 being the absolute zero like Kelvin or Rankine.
Let T_h be the thermodynamic temperature of the heat source, and T_c be the temperature of the heat sink. Then, the thermal efficiency of Carnot engine equals 1 - T_c/T_h. So even the perfect thermal engine cannot have the thermal efficiency of one. Imagine that your engine takes heat from the source at 100°C (373.15 K) and dispenses of it into a sink at 0°C (273.15 K). Than your engine can never be more efficient than (1 - 273.15/373.15) * 100% ≈ 27%.
Why don't you include the negative sign of - 26 %
1:36 how'd you solve the 0.26?
I am also questioning that
I get it now
You need to minus Tc and TH after that Minus the Answer to TC again to get the answer and multiply by 100 to get the percentage
@@UnknownUser049 just think of 1.00 as 100% .
mercy！
What’s delta U
The change in internal energy. In other words, the change in the sum total of all the modes of internal kinetic energy of gas molecules, in translation, rotation and vibration.
Don't ask why it's called U, it just is.
If W=/QH/-/QC/
Then W= /14000/- /-8000/
Which is W= 22000j
A mistake if Qh - Qc and Qc= -8000 then it should be 14000 - (-8000) = 14,000 + 8000 =22,000 not 14,000 - 800
isn't delta u = w+q not q-w?
u=q-w in physics
u=q+w in chimestry
Sign convention preferences vary, depending on application and context.
Carnot Engine eh? More like a Cannot Engine am I right! Cuz it Cannot exist ha!……crickets
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why TH is divided by TC?
Thermodynamics gives you bounds on real engines. Moreover, the explosion of the fuel mixture is not even approximately reversible. How can thermodynamics be of any use in designing real world internal combustion engines?
It gives you an idea for what efficiency you can expect, in a given engine design. It also gives you guidance for how to fine-tune the geometry of the engine for the greatest efficiency. This way, given a target power rating of the engine, you can determine the stroke, the bore, and the clearance volume, from the theoretical efficiency of the Otto cycle.
And when you monitor the pressure and volume at every point along the way in a real engine, it does closely follow the theoretical curve of the Otto cycle.
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