Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Animation
Вставка
- Опубліковано 1 кві 2020
- This animation shows the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis), using easy to follow animations, clear explanations, and helpful analogies. Perfect for any student of Biology interested in learning how cells divide to reproduce!
Video Transcript:
The PURPOSE of the cell cycle is to REPRODUCE cells. So, one cell can copy itself to become two cells! Those two daughter cells are IDENTICAL to the original parent cell (EXACTLY the SAME). Each one can complete its own cell cycle to make copies of itself until you end up with lots of cells! This is needed for growth and is how you went from being one single lonely cell to being made of trillions of cells-that’s how you grew). We also need the cell cycle to replace worn out cells and heal tissue damage! So, it is muy importante!
Alright, so the cell cycle has 3 main parts, Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis. Let’s begin with Interphase.
Interphase is the part of the cell cycle where the cell is NOT DIVIDING. Think of this as normal cell life. The cell is doing normal cell things: growth, metabolism, and so on.
Also, during Interphase you should notice that the nucleus is intact, and that the cell’s DNA is all stringy, like spaghetti. This stringy, uncoiled form of DNA is known as CHROMATIN.
There is ONE REALLY IMPORTANT THING that the cell does during Interphase that is needed in order to do mitosis (which is the next step): the cell REPLICATES or COPIES its CHROMATIN. Notice that each piece of chromatin is now paired up with its copy. We call these paired up copies SISTER CHROMATIDS. So, now the cell has copies of its DNA. This is critical so that the cell can divide up its DNA into 2 cells and still have them be IDENTICAL TO THE ORIGINAL PARENT CELL.
One final thing I want to make clear, INTERPHASE is NOT PART OF MITOSIS. It happens BEFORE MITOSIS and is especially important because it is where the cell’s DNA is copied.
Now, let’s begin MITOSIS, the process of dividing the cell’s DNA into two identical daughter cells.
Mitosis has 4 phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase, which you can remember as PMAT.
Anyway, the first phase of MITOSIS is called PROPHASE.
During Prophase, there are a few key events:
1. Chromatin coils and gets nicely packed to form CHROMOSOMES. So, instead of being like a tangled mess of spaghetti, your DNA is tightly packaged and easier to organize and move around.
2. The nucleus goes away. It literally DISINTEGRATES. Why? Because it is in the way. The chromosomes are trapped inside the nucleus and can’t get moved to where they need to go, unless the cell gets rid of it-so it does. Bye bye nucleus!
3. The SPINDLE APPARATUS (a bunch of protein tubes that are used to move your chromosomes around) also forms.
It makes sense that all of these things would happen during Prophase, the beginning of Mitosis, because they are things that NEED TO HAPPEN AT THE BEGINNING.
It’s like moving to a new house-there are some things you do at the beginning of the process…
Just like you need to pack up your stuff before moving to a new house, the cell needs to pack up its chromatin into easily moveable chromosomes.
And just like you need to leave your house to move out of it, the chromosomes need to get out of the nucleus, so it vanishes. Your old house doesn’t vanish-but you get the idea.
Finally, if you’re going to move, it makes sense to have your moving truck ready to go. The moving truck is like the spindle apparatus. Again, it makes sense to have this at the beginning of mitosis.
So, that’s prophase. The rest of the phases will go much quicker.
Metaphase is the next phase. In metaphase, the chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell. Think “M” for middle. This makes the chromosomes easily organized so that they can be evenly divided in half in our next phase-anaphase.
During anaphase, the sister chromatids are separated from one another and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase is basically the reverse of prophase. Each newly forming daughter cell is going to start its new life in Interphase, so we have to undo all the MITOSIS stuff that helped the cell to divide. Back to normal cell life.
So, the chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin, the nucleus returns, and the spindle apparatus breaks down because it is no longer needed.
Usually at the same time, the cell completely divides in half, a process called Cytokinesis.
The result is 2 genetically identical daughter cells.
That is the entire cell cycle-interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis.
Photo by Justin Shaifer from Pexels (Guy Wearing Science Shirt)
Photo by Andrea Piacquadio from Pexels (Girl Carrying Box)
Moving truck picture from uhaul.com
Music: www.bensound.com
My God, why can't every video be this solid? A teacher that understands delivery!
Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it!
I have a biology test tomorrow and this video really helped! It was very simple, nothing too complicated
Thank you! :)
I'm happy to hear that it helped!
Nice jojo pfp
This is the most helpful video ever. I have been learning this stuff for about a week and after 1 video I understand most of it. First time Ive subscribed to anyone from watching just 1 video but this was well deserved as the way you teach helps me understand a lot more. Thank You
Thanks! I'm glad you enjoyed it and appreciate the kind feedback!
Oh gosh I've gone through quite a few videos to help me break this down in a way I would understand, and your visuals helped so much! Thank you, also, for those cues to help us remember easier :)
Thanks for the feedback Vic! I'm happy to hear that it was helpful to you!
I left a 3 hour lab class utterly confused and frustrated. This video just broke mitosis down in 5 mins!!! Thank youuuuu!!
I'm glad it helped! Thanks!
Omgsh! That end part was soo crazy!! It literally turned into two cells and just started over again! Very intriguing. Wish i would have payed more attention in school. That was super neat
Thanks Vanessa! I'm happy to hear that you enjoyed the animation! I agree that mitosis is pretty awesome 👍
The comment about moving out of a house and packing it up and then unpacking and having the new nucleus made this stick wayyyyyyy better in my head. Thanks!
Awesome! Glad to hear it!
Could you make an animation simplifying the physiology of muscle contraction?
@@morgzsnapchats3018 That's a great idea! Hopefully one of these days!
What a cool video, I'm so impressed by the many voices you do during the video, my students loved them
Thanks, I'm glad you and your students enjoyed the video!
THANK YOU my teacher made it sound way hader than this THANKS
You're welcome! I'm glad it was helpful!
thank you so much, i have a 15 slide animation due tomorrow and this basically stopped me from emailing my teacher 90 times about the different phases
I'm glad it helped! Thanks for your comment and best of luck on your slideshow!
im here 3 years later and I just want to say thanks because my science test is coming up soon;
Thanks, and best of luck on your test!
These visuals and your explanations are amazing, ty!
You're welcome Avranck! I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Now I'm confident I can pass my biology exams tomorrow
Thank you
Glad to hear it! Thanks!
There you go again explaining this phase perfectly! Thank you I'm taking this test today
Thanks for the kind feedback! Good luck on your test today!
really good illustration. Really simplifies the four phases of mitosis so its easily understandable.
Thanks! I'm glad it was helpful!
Mad respect for bio man, came in clutch when I needed him always God bless you
Thanks, I'm glad to hear it was helpful! All the best to you!
this is perfect! thank you!
Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it!
This video is great! :) It helped me a lot for my online classes. Thank you!
Great to hear Czarina! Thanks!
I found this helpful. Thanks for the visuals with this animation!
Great to hear Aidan!
This video has SAVED MY LIFE. Thank you!!!!
You're welcome Irene! I'm glad it was helpful to you! I will be creating more videos soon! Feel free to subscribe if you'd like to be notified when new videos are released. All the best!
My friend and I found your website and took the interactive quiz on this lesson. We weren't expecting much from it, but we ended up having a really fun time! You're great at what you do!
Thanks for the feedback Aubrey! I'm happy to hear that you and your friend enjoyed the video as well as the interactive game on biomanbio.com!
Finally a video that explained it the way people actually need to know for exams. Exam boards are specific on how you write these things - so thankyou! hopefully I pass these exams and then off to medical school.
I'm glad it was helpful! Best of luck on your exams and all the best in medical school too!
This was explained really well such a difficult thing to learn got so much more easier
Thanks, it is great to hear that it was helpful!
Very clear and fun surprise of special voices.
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it Carrie!
Thank you for showing us this video
You're welcome Sophia!
This was by far the best and more easy to understand video that i have found. thank you
Great to hear! All the best to you!
Thank you! Very Helpful!
Happy to hear that you enjoyed the video!
I can't understand this chapter in my class but your vedio is more helpful to understand this chapter Thank you for explanation and I'm tamil medium but i can understand you English. thank you so much
I'm glad to hear that the video was helpful to you! Thanks for your comment!
This was so helpful! Thank you so much
You're welcome! Glad to hear it was helpful!
Tysm for doing this simple video
You're welcome!
Last-minute cramming, this is so helpful thank you so much.
Great to hear! I'm glad it is helpful!
Ended up with a B but still very useful@@BioManBiology
LOVEEEE this vid thank you for including reasons of why this is happening makes it easier to understand.
Thanks, I'm glad it was helpful to you!
this video is amazing!! i literally have to write a song and square dance (not a joke) about this and i've been trying to find videos that can break it down into a way i can understand it, and this video did just that! 10/10, will absolutely recommend to my classmates. thank you!!
Thanks for the positive comment! I'm glad it was helpful!
I just watched one of the best videos on Mitosis!
Glad you enjoyed it!
Great video! Very Helpful!
I'm glad you found it helpful Sheri!
THANK YOU SO MUCH!
You're welcome! I'm glad it was helpful!
Thank you! This helped me so much :)
You're welcome! That is great to hear!
woah what a great video animation and explanation both now clear my confusion abt mitosis
Thanks! I'm happy to hear that!
SO HELPFUL. great video.
Thanks, I'm glad it was helpful!
Thankyou ♥️.. you saved me!!.....
Love from India🇮🇳
You're welcome! Glad it was helpful!
Thank You So much, You Deserve More Subscribers...
Thanks!
once again bio man saves me. thanks so much
😊 Great to hear! Thanks!
Awesome video! It explained the concept easily and I really enjoyed it, especially the animation and a little sense of humor. I have a question. What about the other organelles such as the mitochondria?
Thanks Andrew! To answer your question, other organelles like the mitochondria get distributed to the daughter cells during cytokinesis. Mitochondria actually replicate themselves independently (they have their own DNA).
@@BioManBiology Wow! That makes a lot more sense, and is really fascinating! Thank you so much! :)
@@andrewchen861 You're welcome!
i literally just watched this for school gotta say interesting
Great video!!!
Thanks Ivan!
Give me an A please.
@@SQS4 Only if you like and subscribe to BioMan Biology and learn mitosis.
@@ivanmarquez6007 done.
ok
THANK YOU AWAYSSS!!!
You're welcome!
Oh my goodness this helped so much thank you!
Happy to hear that! You're welcome!
@@BioManBiology My science teacher told me to watch this video for my test tomorrow and I’ve already progressed on my studying, and I’ve told 4 other people to use this to study! I think you just took my grade from a C to an A on the test! The visuals are so helpful. That’s exactly what I needed.
@@Trentroyer That's great! Thanks for letting me know and best of luck on your test!
Thank you! this helped me a lot with my class :)
You're welcome! Great to hear!
U're awesome👏
Very simple and easy to understand 😃...
This helped me a lot..
Thank you😊
Thanks Kyoya! I am happy to hear that the video was helpful to you!
Omg thank u so much❤❤❤❤❤❤❤!! It really helped me a lot to understand this topic! Thank u sm again
You're welcome! I'm glad it helped!
Awesome!
Thanks!
Well it was very helpful to me as due to heavy course our teachers mainly have the tendency to skip or shorten those main chaps
I'm glad it was helpful to you!
You are awesome! Looking forward to a sim on Punnett squares
Thanks! Sounds like a great idea!
Great video helped me for my lab tm
Thanks! Glad it helped!
Thanks for the video! But I have a question. The first phase in Mitosis is prophase, and I can see in the video that the DNA in the cell is stringy and its basically in chromatin form. If that is what it looks like at the beginning of mitosis, then what does it look like in phase G2 of the interphase, which happens just before prophase? I know that the DNA copies itself during the synthesis phase during interphase, but what does it look like when that happens? Does it copy itself so it turns into to sister chromatids (basically a chromosome) tied together at the centromere? Or is it still chromatin? Because if it turned into 2 sister chromosomes during synthesis, which is before G2 and Prophase, then why is the dna in prophase stringy and basically chromatin?
Good question... As you said, the DNA replicates during Interphase. During Interphase, these identical strands of DNA (sister chromatids) also attach to each other at the centromere. But even though they are attached, they are still in chromatin form. In prophase, this chromatin condenses to form the familiar "X"- shaped chromosomes you see in textbooks. I hope that helps, but if you want more detail, I think this short article might be helpful:
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20012585/
Amazing
Thanks! I'm glad you enjoyed it!
That helped me thank you
Great! You're welcome!
Kinda wish you had mentioned checkpoints &/or G2 (not by name necessarily), because this makes it seem like the cell goes straight to mitosis after DNA synthesis. Still a great animation and explanation, thanks!
Thanks Linda! Those are definitely great things to mention but didn't quite fit in the allotted time. I'm happy to hear that you enjoyed it!
Hi these videos are really helpful for biology and it would be even more helpful if you could make a meiosis video thank you so much and I appreciate these videos very much
Thanks! A meiosis video is a great idea too! Hopefully soon!
Yes I agree!
There is no way this guy just cover it in a couple minutes which took my mam 3hrs
I hope it was a helpful review! Thanks!
superb!
Thanks!
thanks it realy help
Good to hear! Thanks!
Thank u
It help me a lot thank you
Glad to hear that, thanks!
Goog job done Bioman with a pair of bigger chromosomes (one red et one blue) than the other one ! That's the only way to make students understand mitosis, meiosis and genetics !!!! Thanks a lot.
Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed the video!
amazing video! from Brazil!!
Thanks for the kind feedback! I'm happy that it was helpful!
can u make one for meiosis too?
Yes, hopefully sometime soon!
Thank you so much sir 😊👍👌means a lot 🤗😇
You're welcome! I'm glad it was helpful to you!
Thankoo for such explanation 👏👍🙂
You're welcome! I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Which app do you use to done this animation
I used several programs (Premiere Pro, Adobe Animate, Serif DrawPlus, and Audacity are some of them. I hope that helps!
very nice
Thanks!
Very helpful ☺️👍
Thanks!
Great sildes.
Thanks!
So if the chromosome is duplicated during interphase, that must be done after DNA transcription is completed, correct? Otherwise, how would it transcribe all the genes, and also duplicate the entire chromosome, at the same time?
So is duplication of the chromosome a process that follows each step of transcription? Or does it transcribe the whole thing and then start duplicating the chromosome?
It sounds like you are mixing up transcription and replication. Replication is the duplication of the DNA/chromosomes and this happens during Interphase. During replication, each entire chromosome is copied. Replication = duplication of chromosomes.
Transcription is a totally different process, the production of mRNA. You never transcribe all of a chromosome. Instead you transcribe a specific gene (a short section of DNA that codes for a protein) when you want to make the specific protein that it codes for. For example, you would transcribe the insulin gene and use the mRNA to make insulin (a protein).
I hope that helps!
what did you use to make this
I used a few programs: Adobe Premiere Pro, Animate, Serif DrawPlus, and audacity for audio. Hope that helps!
No one can explain this better 🙂
Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Thnx it really helps frm India 🇮🇳🙂
Happy to hear that it helped!
that helped me in a test
Cool, I'm happy to hear that!
Gracias al traductor le entiendo mejor muy buen video 👌
¡Gracias por tu comentario! ¡Estoy feliz que el video te ayudó a comprender!
Thank you so much this video litterly was the best pick for my song play my song is bio man is strong he is the man of biology it was a bit but i got a high a grade thx
I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Nice video :)
Thanks!
I cant focus couse of the toothpaste AD music lmao
Isn't there pro meta phase?? Like 5 phases??
Some people divide it into 5 phases and include prometaphase, but many do not. Prometaphase is basically the end part of prophase as it transitions to metaphase, but many texts don't include it. I hope that helps to clarify!
Please do dna replication!!! I love your videos
Great idea! In the meantime, I have a DNA Replication interactive you can play that you might find helpful! Here it is, if you are interested: biomanbio.com/HTML5GamesandLabs/LifeChemgames/replicationinteractivepage.html
I hope you enjoy it!
Loved it
🇮🇳INDIA
Happy to hear that!
I need meiosis explained 😅 please
I hope to do that one of these days! Thanks for the suggestion!
yea
👍
nicelove
thk
You're welcome!
THE PMAT MEME HAD ME DEAD
im about to be big brain
Nice!
Sir, thank you so much for your wonderful explanation. It was absolutely brilliant ! May Lord Krishna always keep you healthy and happy. Bless you Sir 🙂.
Thanks! I'm glad it was helpful to you!
Great video, however there was a mistake in your definition of chromosome!
Thanks, but could you please clarify what the mistake might be? Thanks!
I still don’t understand
Nor do I my friend, nor do I.
Perhaps this interactive will help: biomanbio.com/HTML5GamesandLabs/Genegames/mitosismoverpage.html
In it, you do the process yourself. There are also many other animations that may be helpful. Your teacher is likely also a good resource. Try reaching out to them and asking for clarification. Good luck!
Ossm
you do not matter!
Blimey, it's not actually difficult to understand. Struggled though
I hope the animation helped!
meow
😡
Please speake slow