MITOSIS, CYTOKINESIS, AND THE CELL CYCLE
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- Опубліковано 4 сер 2019
- The only way to create a new cell is to duplicate a pre-existing one. The original cell is called the parent cell, and the two new cells, which are genetically identical, are called daughter cells. The series of steps leading to and involving the duplication of a cell is called the cell cycle. The cell cycle involves cell growth, chromosome replication, chromosome segregation, and cell division, which take place over the course of the four sequential phases of the cell cycle: G1, S, G2, and M. The first three phases are together called interphase.
Taking place between G1 and G2, S phase is when DNA replicates and chromosomes duplicate. It is critical that this replication is accurate, and that every nucleotide is copied exactly once.
Mitosis has 5 stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
During prophase, chromosomes condense within the nucleus, with each chromosome consisting of two linked sister chromatids. Outside the nucleus, the mitotic spindle assembles between two centrosomes. Next we have prometaphase, which begins when the nuclear envelope breaks down. This means that chromosomes can now attach to spindle microtubules. This occurs via kinetochores and results in the movement of the chromosomes. Metaphase involves the alignment of chromosomes along the equator of the spindle, with microtubules attaching sister chromatids to opposite poles of the spindle. Anaphase involves the synchronized separation of sister chromatids to form two daughter chromosomes, which are pulled towards the spindle poles. During this process, not only do the kinetochore microtubules shorten, but the spindle poles also move apart. Telophase is the last stage of mitosis. At this point, the two sets of daughter chromosomes arrive at the spindle poles and decondense. The Initiationformation of the two nuclei, which occurs when a nuclear envelope assembles around the two genomes, means that mitosis is over.
Cytokinesis, which is the division of the cytoplasm, occurs during mitosis. It occurs thanks to the formation of a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments, which form a rapidly deepening furrow. The contractile ring begins to assemble during anaphase, just beneath the plasma membrane. As the ring contracts, there is formation of an intercellular bridge and fusion of intracellular vesicles to add more plasma membrane to compensate for the extra surface area. At the center of the intercellular bridge, there is what is called the midbody, which consists of the remains of the interdigitated interpolar microtubules at the spindle midzone, which are packed together within a dense matrix material. Abscission is the final cleaving of the two daughter cells. So cytokinesis has 4 steps: initiation, contraction, membrane insertion, and completion.
Cell Cycle Regulation:
• Cyclins and CDKs Cell ...
Cytoskeleton:
• THE CYTOSKELETON - MIC...
Bro u r the real mvp, it's so hard to find prometaphase animation.
Me watching this during my biology test rn
😭😭
I Never Thought There is A Clone Of Me Outside
You’re not alone buddy.
I got 19/20😔😔
I am here too sir
This video truly helped a lot! You explained everything extremely well and went step by step without skipping any important details!!
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Excellent video explanations; thank you so much!
This video is helpful for me. You help me to understand the process of cytokinesis. Thank you very much and keep it up
Doing Great job bro. Good explanation.. Keep Growing ❤
the best mitoses video on youtube...I watched most of them and this is the best one
great vid, thanks a ton!
This is amazing thank you so much!
Thanks man, your a life saver
Thank you so much you made this all sound so easy ❤❤
Your efforts are very appreciated thx ❤️❤️❤️
Great 👍👌Go on
very good video. good explanation on kinetochores and the spindle fibres... it was really hard
this video was mad helpful, only wish formation of new cell wall had been explained but ty!!!
Wow this is awesome sir 👍❣️
Excellent video
Thank you for this vid.
OMG THANK U. AMAZING VIDEO BRO
Thank you sir 💖💖💖
it helped me a lot thanks
Thank you!!
Very helpful , thanks alot🌷🌷
Thank you very much for saving my life in my grade
thank you for this video, very helpful. 😁
This guy is so much better at drawing faces than hands, not that I blame him.
Thank you so much keep posting like this video very useful.
Hey that's good I love it
great vid
Thanks
Thanks!! 🤍
I'm watching this video for my exam great video
شكرا جزيلا❤
Very good! I recommend it.
This is unbelievably well done, so many pieces of the puzzle fell into place, thanks you
Omg I just discovered your other videos
Good tutorial. Indeed.
like it sm think you finally i understand this
love the video only criticism is that the voice filter is sort of distracting other than that perfect.
Can you tell me if happened(cytokinesis without mitosis)??
finally something that makes sense
I smell cap
Thanke you really
Please kindly make a video on proteinsynthesis🙏
Can you make a video on meiosis plzzz and thanx for making this this is osm😄😁
Thanks 😊☺️
Pls talk about glycolysis in cellular respiration
This video has some great features. However, the choice of pink and blue for both sister chromatids at times and homologous chromosomes at other times is likely to create confusion for students. I would love it if you would consider remaking it using two shades of pink for each sister chromatid and two shades of blue for the homologous chromosome with the sister chromatids. Finally, might I suggest that you have 4 chromosomes in the cell for mitosis to represent two pairs of homologous chromosomes
Thanks for the wonderful video. Can you add captioning to it? One of our faculty members want to use it for their students. Thanks!
I'm glad you enjoyed the video and found it useful! :-) I added subtitles!
Wow, i love this, it's help me a lot. Do you mind if i insert some clip of your mitosis animation for my video assignment? Of course I'll give the proper credit. Need your answer asap, thx! :)
Hi! Thanks for asking! As long as the video is not being reuploaded anywhere that is fine. (E.g. If you are sending it to your teacher via Dropbox) :-)
@@NeuralAcademy okay, tysm! :)
Thnku ..it helped alot
👌👌
best video ever !!!!!!!!!!!
centiole replication happens in G2, but excellent video, very helpful! keep it up!
Its G1 though
nah its S phase.
nice
I’m watching this because me and some friends are just talking about cells for no other reason then stupidity
Smartidity
Our teacher made us make a video about interphase, mitotic and cytokinesis in just 1 minute
where does mitosis takes place?
Hi, this is a very informative video, but I would much appreciate this if you speak a little bit slower, well then, keep it up.
lol
Yeah he was fast as fuck !!
Just slow down the video
I'm iranian and I'm 17
In school we should learn all this
When you learn it ?
This video is so helpful.
This is college level biology
@@braydinvanbuskirk57 well idk yeah college has more things also which this video does not have but the basics these are studied again
its a great help if u can put a video on translation and transcription
Yes 💯am having alot of problems with them from mRNA👈 to 👉tRNA😭😭
Who came here because it's included to their activities?
Dang it, no video transcript
Onnum purila
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I feel like you skipped some phases
I enjoyed and learned alot but next time please do write words that you pronounce, some time is difficult to follow when speaking. Thank you
I'll just leave this for myself in case I come back to rewatch the video.
1:30
3:40 3:50
Uncoiled nucleosomes are not called chromosomes. They are called chromatin.
No cytokinesis in plants is not well explained
lol
Mi primo. SE ella pedos. Porque. sera🤮🤮🤧🤬