How Early Could Life Have Appeared In The Universe?
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- Опубліковано 14 тра 2024
- Go to our sponsor betterhelp.com/HOTU for 10% off your first month of therapy with BetterHelp and get matched with a therapist who will listen and help.
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Written by @PaulMSutter
Check out his fantastic UA-cam channel and podcast for more: www.pmsutter.com/shows/askasp...
And his books which inspired this video: www.pmsutter.com/books
Narrated by David Kelly
Edited by Manuel Rubio and David Kelly
Thumbnail art by Ettore Mazza: ettore.mazz...
Animations by the superb Jero Squartini www.fiverr.com/share/0v7Kjv using Manim - MIT License, (c) 2020-2023 3Blue1Brown LLC
Sound Editing by Craig Stevenson
Huge thanks to Bone Clones for footage of their fantastic skulls:
boneclones.com/ (look out for much more of them at the end of the year...)
Galaxies, space videos from NASA, ESO, and ESA.
Music from Epidemic Sound, Artlist and Silver Maple.
Stock footage from Videoblocks, Artgrid and Shutterstock.
00:00 Introduction
05:23 What Is Life?
18:44 How To Make Life
31:30 The Earliest Possible Life
43:44 Where Is Everybody?
#aliens
Go to our sponsor betterhelp.com/HOTU for 10% off your first month of therapy with BetterHelp and get matched with a therapist who will listen and help.
Was partnered previously with a therapist, enjoyed a superior discount, yet as was shared long ago: " all love ends in loss"...
Generation of snowflakes, go work and won’t need therapy
Please reconsider promoting betterhelp.
@@danamulter String Theory was & is a dead end. Do realize that there are several authors whose information is presented here in HotU, an inquiry into the actual SOURCES of this presentation may give more insight as to the position of the essayist and other contributors.
I hope humankind will die off so it will make room for intelligent life.
It's an absolute JOY to see
a new 'History of the Universe' episode appear. Thank you so much!
True
Totally agree. I'm always happy when I get a notification for a new one.
It really is wonderful
I know right!
One note - the "solidified core" theory for Mars has been largely abandoned because the data we now have shows it isn't. Seismology data from the InSight lander has determined that it has a fully liquid core that is much less dense than Earth's core. There is still a lot of research being done on the subject, but the current theory for why Mars had a magnetic field and lost it, based on extreme temperature and pressure experiments using the data from InSight, is a different dynamo mechanism. The iron-sulfur-hydrogen mix of Mars' core originally was mixing and creating a dynamo by circulation, but it eventually settled into layers of high sulfur and low sulfur concentrations. By stratifying, the core of Mars no longer has the circulation to make a dynamo.
Earth's core by contrast has more iron, and less sulfur and hydrogen and it's divided into an inner and outer core. The inner core is solid and helps maintain the dynamo in 3 major ways. The first is by the rotation of the inner core (which is currently slowing in a long-scale cycle it's gone through before), the second is heat convection between the inner and outer core, and the third is the confining of the outer core into a shell that constrains its flow.
For anyone wondering why we believe Mars once had a magnetic field - ferrous igneous rock is magnetized when it forms in a magnetic field, and much like similar rock formations on Earth, the oldest Mars rock is similarly magnetized in a sort of "fossilized magnetic field" that even gives some details about the structure of the field. This is the same sort of "fossilized magnetic field" that lead researchers to realize the Earth's magnetic field reverses periodically.
This comment needs more attention. The creator of this vid could appreciate it.
Wow thx for your comment that's fascinating and also bit scary when we think about magnetic field reversing 😨
This series is better than 99% of pay-to-view content out there, for free. Thank you so much for your effort
Thanks for the support!
Lmao you think you're getting this for free? Delusional.
He makes enough from the views
@@death-nh3gdaww you said that because you know you dont have the talent to do even 1% of this ooooooooooooor prove me wrong
@@plusultra5612 You must think blogging is talent aswell if you think this is LMFAO.
This is great! Thank you. My students ask me sometimes, if I believe in aliens. I always say, "Yes. But I just don't think they've been here." I used to love Ancient Aliens, but then I became a historian and realized that we just don't give ancient cultures enough credit. I have often wondered, "What if we are just the first one that's risen? Or what if intelligence only arises once in a million years?" It's a little depressing and reminds me of the movie As Good As it Gets. What if we are as good as it gets? But then I think, we've only searched such a small portion of the sky. Once scientist I in an interview with Neil Degrasse Tyson, said that of the sky, we have only searched the equivalent of a glass of sea water. You can't look at a glass of sea water and say that fish don't exist. Definitely something to wonder about. And be hopeful about.
A good summary!
Don't be depressed. I think the coolest response to the failure to find intelligent life is found in the film "Ad Astra", when Brad Pitt's character offers a rejoinder to his father's lament....
..."you didn't fail, Dad. You proved that we're all we've GOT." I actually think that is the opposite of depressing
Unfortunately due to the unimaginably large distances in our Universe and its constant expansion, till we can achieve faster than light travel (FTL), we're going nowhere fast, and will be stuck here forever in our little solar system prison. It's sad but true.
Trying to explore the Universe beyond our solar system using relatively primitive chemical rockets, is like the famous quote by Albert Einstein "The definition of insanity is keep doing the same thing over and over again, while expecting different results". 😆
@@BillAnt
That's why I think our first encounter might just be a radio signal of some kind. We might have very slow conversations over decades with another form of intelligent life. And it might be Generations before anything meaningful comes out of first Contact
@@HistoryoftheUniverse What's your view on the whole David Grusch thing? Plus what the pilots Frevor and Graves have been saying for a few years?
I personally believe we are being visited... or we were never alone to begin with.
This wouldn't be a legitimate documentary and discussion on the origins of life, unless it included the required obligatory footage of meercats at 8:56.
I feel like I've seen the footage before,
Dude you nailed it 😂
I still mourn, Flower
The quality of production for these videos is simply astounding, truly a gift on this platform. Your ability to breach into and enhance our imagination to explore these thought-provoking topics genuinely is deserving of great celebration!
Love this comment
Mind blown by this video
Its like a soccer match for me
the dark matter research team almost made me cry
What! You could just write..awsome content, thank you!
@@titolino73 Exclamation points aren't question marks. Worst comment.. Very lame.
I took an astrobiology course in college and did a presentation on the meteor 'fossils' found discussed in this video. Microscopic balls of aligned iron were noticed, which are similar to Magnetotactic bacteria found on earth. Some organisms use magnetic material to orient and migrate along geomagnetic field lines. Using this mechanism they are able to find optimal oxygen gradients in the soil to thrive.
Practically everything uses magnetic energy to function whether on a microscopic scale or a huge cosmic scale!🤔👍
Very interesting
@@jamiecurran3544So we live in an Electric universe??😜😅
What part does Entropy play in your calculations.
@@20chocsaday 🤣🤣🤣???
It's hard to explain how much I love this content, it's incredibly well made and well presented. Hard science with a kind of romantic touch just makes my day
science is not hard. doing shitty science and acting like you did good science, that's hard, yes.
Glad you appreciate the work this scientism shill put into his video..
Are you living ina simulation or coming back from DMT?
Hard science? Maybe notice things.
You are easily impressed
thanks for these videos. hope on future may talk about the new theories oi the subject...❤🇵🇹.
In before the folks who practically brag about only using these vids as a cure for insomnia.
Nah there were like two comments mentioning sleep before yours.
Congrats. Hope you sleep well tonight
Fr tho
Not insomnia, but just an epic way to end a busy day. Super interesting material + epic presentation ❤
I watch the video first. Then I'll use it to fall asleep once I've absorbed it all. This is too thoughtful just for sleep
These videos with this voice is curing my depression. When I'm stressed out and have anxiety I used to pop pills not to get suicidal. Now I pop an episode of History of the Universe and my mind just instantly settles and my worries dissappear. I am truly greatful for this. I hope you the best. ❤️❤️🙏
yes, he's indeed a talented narrator.
Try “the why files” if you haven’t already heard of them! Similar info but hecklefish gives great comedic relief 😅❤️🩹😊
Keep it strong. You are not alone.
@@RT-tq4zr thank you my friend. It means a lot 💕💪🏼
we love you bro
This UA-cam channel is better than most of the stuff on mainstream channels like Discovery. Your voice, narration and scripts are absolutely spot on. The music is perfectly matched to the visuals and the information put forward is deeply interesting. Absolute bang up job. Thank you and please keep it coming. Liked and subscribed!
Don't forget the writers. They put the words in a perfect format.
Discovery Channel isn't what it used to be.😢
They don't even show things like this on the Discovery Channel anymore. It's all reality TV and Ancient Aliens nonsense. 🥲
@libertycowboy2495 Thank corporate mergers for that. Discovery doesn't exist for that purpose anymore. It exists to make money for shareholders, and old people like to watch pawn stars for 8 hours on a loop. Which technically means the ratings are higher than for any documentary.
25:30. Water is not an element, it's a molecule. It's also not the most common molecule in the universe.
#1 H2
#2 CO
#3 H2O
This. When they can't even get the basics right 🤦♀
This channel is better than most studio documentaries, tv is dead.
I'd go so far as to say this is the best science documentary series bar none
first a lemmino video and now a History of the universe upload, WHAT A BLESSING
RIGHT
Wait he still exists?
@@creaniteyt7850yep he dropped a vid on jfk
Yep! 🎉
@@creaniteyt7850 ofcourse, he just uploads once or twice a year 😭
if you are reading this, take a deep breath. Inhale deeply, exhale deeply. Close your eyes and visualise yourself finishing your work, getting the grades you desire, getting to summer and not being worried, visualise what you want, visualise relaxation and hope. It will be okay, you will pass, you have been putting work in, the fact that you chose to listen to this shows you care enough to take the first step to concentrate. You can do it. Say "I can do it." Don't be so hard on yourself, we all hustle, and we all want to be successful, but only those who work hard will get there. It is up to you to see in what end you will be, it is all up to you, and it will always be your choice.
Choose wisely,
I do love you though, I love you because you have a heart. I love you because we are alive together. I understand your fear to start, your fear to be successful, your fear to be your best. But don't be afraid, you deserve everything you want because that is what is so great about being human. We can get it if we look for it, we can manifest it. Believe in yourself. Take breaks, deep breaths, take it slow, enjoy the process, don't see it as a burden. If you have the privilege of dreaming, then make your way toward it.
Regarding Gobekli Tepe, don’t forget that it may be dated at over 10,000 years old, but we don’t know how long ago it was actually built. The date we have for it is from carbon dating some material left at the site that long ago, but that doesn’t mean it was built then. The site could potentially be much older.
Yep, the Spninx is thousands of years older than most sites in Egypt and the Great Pyramids which came thousands of years later, predate the vast majority of what's popularly understood to be Egyptian civilizations. It's far, far older and changed dramatically over the thousands of years from what we popularly understand.
No doubt Gobekli Tepe is no different, though we haven't corrupted the understanding of it with popular cultural and political associations and stories.
Of course it is, it was built by the baby jesus with his little Alien helpers. Praise the Lord, I red it in an old book of fairy stories and fables, so its gotta be troo.
or younger for that matter. The age of the material used to build things could have been around for much longer than the thing itself. Also humans were nomads and transported a lot of materials around.
On the contrary - it could be much younger. Especially if they used already old stones to build the settlement.
@@Kimoto504I too watch Ancient Architects and Bright Insight. But I urge you to see the archaeological monuments for yourself and you’ll find the exaggerated claims to be utter bullshit.
I love this channel. Such interesting subject matter and it's presented in a way that even a smooth brain like myself can understand.
A smooth brain is better than no brain 🧠 👍💯
Not many people know what a smooth brain means, so you're probably not one (smooth brain).
I love these videos, and my brain is smoother than the surface of a neutron star. 🪩
What is this "brain" you are talking about....?🤨
Smooth brain always can’t figure out whether it is it’s or its
I haven't gotten this excited over uploads since I was a kid. This channel has given me faith in the next generation of UA-cam.
The AI waffle needs a tag you half way in to one before realise its crap needs tagging especially for astronomy quantity its being rewarded over quality
@@paulmurphy8549I just lost brain cells trying to read your absolute moronic comment. Dunce.
The cure for insomnia isn’t the story he’s telling, but probably just the calmness of his voice.
morgan freeman got the best voice to fall asleep
I love this channel! Educational, relaxing, thought inspiring. I use these videos to sleep every night. Drift off pondering about the subject matter. Then go back the next night to make sure I don’t miss anything.
Keep doing what you’re doing please and thank you
Super super super. How can a You tube content creator better any documentary channel I can think of? This way of course. The content is perfect, it's not tied up in knots and hyperbolae and it's not commercial. It is just perfect. Thank you
Agree except for the not commercial part. It is a sponsored video.
@@YogSoth he's talking about the content , not the sponsorship. You know the man has got to make a living right?? An unbelievable effort is put into these videos and it actually makes me happy whenever a video of this specific chanel is sponsored. If it international paiment was possible in my country I would've contributed as well. Let's not judge the guy for actually needing to sustain a living
@@benothmansyrine7135I think the dude was just pointing it out. Yes there is commercial side and there should be? I dont get why you go at them for something they didnt actually say?
From what I read, recent archeological excavations (2021) have shown a water retention system and many several square shaped homes uncovered at gobekli tepe
This is discussed in Graham Hancocks Netflix series, Ancient Apocalipse, when he visits the temple and speaks with another local guy where I think they had used radar or lidar to detect these rooms.
Discoveries at Boncuklu Tarla in southeastern Mardin are around 1,000 years older than those in Gobekli Tepe, says professor. Dec 4, 2019
They abandoned the site because they began practicing religion and decided it was changing them when they saw themselves worshipping idols. They decided they were the masters of their own destinies.
@@joeydavis7455 I don't really understand what you're trying to say here.
Are you suggesting that they decided that their own religion was wrong?
@@pineapplepenumbra they had an epiphany
Another banger of a video, David! This is by far, and away, my favorite channel on any form of media. Please never stop making these videos.
Thanks! More to come. Got a list until 2026...
@@HistoryoftheUniverse😍
@@HistoryoftheUniverse 👀
Wow! The story-telling of Paul Sutter and the narration of Pete Kelly - what a winning combination!
What did it win?
All of your channels help transport me to another place and another time.
Truly grateful
What are the other ones? :) nvm I found :)
@@ttullycool comment
Paul Sutter wrote this! Impressed! He has come a long way and has honed his craft well. Without knowing who wrote this, I was loving how sometimes the author would introduce a story line and not let the viewer know how it fit into the larger narrative. I’d be familiar with the example, but it’s like a twist in how that fit into the developing storyline. Great approach to use from time to time. Greatly appreciate this channel.
And I bet a lot of people will not appreciate your comment fully, I almost didn't as I nearly thought the episode was over before I could fully understand your comment
seems to have done this in a hurry, they really didn't have much to say i thought!!
This narration is miles better than the A.I. generated lifeless robots.
I've been listening to these entire series. Wonderful work, Folks. Each episode is incredibly well crafted and the narration is absolutely eloquent. Thank you for this!
I love this channel. Everything they talk about is so interesting and is written about clearly enough for the layman to understand. Mr Kelly speaks so clearly that I don’t even need subtitles, and the editing is awesome. A lot of work goes into HotU and it shows, and everyone on the team does a great job
@@DenethordeSade.90 Very sleek tangerines
"You're" a bot button 👉👉👉
"you" are a blatant bot button 👉👉👉
Thank you for the obvious care and quality of your videos. You truly have one of the best channels on UA-cam.
Cosmic and geological history are two subjects that I wish I could have learned more about back when I was still in school. Thank you for having two channels that go so far in depth while still keeping it in understandable terms
With everything being online now, you can still learn everything and anything you want!
This was absurdly fascinating. Never heard of this place before with the 10 000 year old monoliths.
To be completely honest, I DO fall asleep to these videos. But I usually end up watching them 5 times to get it all.
These are too enjoyable to fall asleep to
Unlike most people here, I actually listens to these documentaries not sleep to them
Such an inspiration this channel for ours! Among the few that live, breathe and prove quality > quantity 🏆. Always look forward to these videos - keep going and producing this magic 🧙🏻♂️ ✨.
These questions of "where is everyone" and "are we alone?" always lead me to the conclusion that we should treat the Earth as unique, life on it as one of kind, and do everything we can to protect it. That means becoming multiplanetary, and bringing as much life along with us as we can, and spread it as far as possible. We very well could be the only intelligent life in the entire galaxy and we're the only species on this planet that can leave it. We have a responsibility.
You are soooo right!
Becoming multi-planet isn't an option. Life on the Earth can only live on the Earth.
@@sentientflower7891 Two things: Do not underestimate the adaptability of life, especially the lower forms of life. We know of extremophiles that can flourish in hot springs at or near boiling temps and other forms that can survive in space. Second, it is not possible to predict 1,000 - 2,000 years in the future. So, never say, "Never."
No, it's just that everything is far away. All the TV and radio signals we sent out are only detectable as human for 5 lightyears. The inverse square law means every time a distance doubles, the signal is 4 times less as strong. There could be countless ancient radio signals sent from aliens that we can no longer detect anymore because they're so faint.
@@sentientflower7891 We already live above the earth, at least for short periods, in the ISS. The only thing that's needed to extend our lifespan in space is a gravity analog. Now that we've found water on the moon, it is likely there will be a colony built there at some point in our future, and once we've discovered ways of making the trips less dangerous and/or quicker, we'll likely see colonies on the moon.
Don't underestimate humanity, we're a tenacious bunch.
This conversation gets interesting surrounding viruses. I’m a virologist currently finishing my doctorate in immunology and geek out over this stuff :)
Aliens won't infect us as our biology would be incompatible with them?
Maybe.
Viruses evolved with us, against our immune systems, they infect us because they evolved with us, but a space virus?
Would space germs really be compatible with us to make us sick?
What do you think of the idea that a virus is just a spore.
And the infected cell then becomes the "real" viral organism, therefore being alive?
@@M_Sebu I appreciate your interest in the subject :) Unfortunately, I’m unsure of what you’re asking haha To biologists some words carry highly specific meanings and implications. For example, the simple use of the word “life”. Along with that comes the implication that the organism can carry out its own set of metabolic reactions, and replicate itself, along with many other things. Viruses cannot do this. Therefore we do not expressly include them as living organisms although I would argue that while in a cell which it’s hijacked it’s cellular machinery to replicate itself, it is indeed using the cell as a living extension of its genetic program which is perhaps what you were proposing. Keep in mind tho, that host cell is desperately fighting to get rid of the virus or to kill itself to prevent it from replicating. If you guessed viruses are really good at shutting down a cells ability to kill itself then you’d be right :)
It goes from a simple piece of chemical genetic material to completely rewriting the metabolic programs of the cells they infect. Otherwise, viruses really are just physics, chemistry, and Darwinian evolution
I would like to thank those responsible for putting these incredible videos together, definitely my favorite channel involving the universe and space, the quality of the videos and the information provided is beyond top notch.
After watching one video, I was hooked. The series are well put together, meshing the history of quantum physics with new discoveries. Dont change anything and keep more videos coming!
One of the greatest channels on UA-cam!
Hands down!
Amazing work!
I rarely comment on any kind of social media. But, I must admit .. I eagerly wait for your videos.. literally sometimes I go to your channel and try to refresh - thinking something will come up.. Kudos to you and your team! Keep it up 🙏🏼 Thanks
Never stop this. These space documentaries are truly inspiring. This is all i'l ever need for my MH. Thank you
Yaaaa, haven't watched yet, but very stoked. Make sure you give the narrator what ever he wants. He's at least 50% why i watch along with writers. Now back to it.
This channel is a real hidden gem. Awesome work! Greetings from Germany!
I adore your videos! They are the kind of science documentaries that have become too rare.
The quality of this channel and the fact that it’s free is absolutely astounding. It would rip us of this quality content but for yourself you really should think about signing a contract with a platform to have a paid version of this. It would upset me but it’s totally deserved. Idk how much UA-cam pays you but discovery and various science channels should be giving you a blank check.
Thank you for this amazing video. It reflected many thoughts I've had to myself and it's vindicating to hear others speculate the same things regarding Dark Chemistry and Life
One of the best channels on UA-cam without a doubt.
Always great.
Shortly before 20:00 - Amino acids are NOT the building blocks of RNA and DNA, but of proteins.
just like water is not the most common element in the universe 😂
That was one of the best Videos ive ever seen on UA-cam. My first time watching u, and im baffled by the quality ur providing.
Damn, im kinda sad i didnt find u earlier!
This was worth the wait. Love your channel and always check to make sure I havent missed an episode
you guys keep knocking it out of the park. thank you.❤
I know this isn't an "ASMR" channel, but your voice is incredibly soothing and the content is tier 1.
I absorbed everything, beginning to end, and loved every minute of it. Now I'll rewatch it to fall asleep to. Thank you for putting out a great video
Another masterpiece of content making. Thank you so much for this wonderful channel.
Ok, so I've been binge listening to the entire series. Wonderful work, Folks. Each episode is incredibly well crafted and the narration is eloquent to the point of poetic. Thank you for this!
Wow I am actually learning a few more different perspectives on universal theories, literally, and I've read some Max Tegmark books to show you where I'm coming from. But this, it's up to date science discoveries is what it is, and it rocks 🤘 This channel never seizes to amaze!
Excellent stuff! But what was the result of the student's findings? (the Gamma ray's 1s and 0s signal)?
Exactly. The fact that you are the only one to ask is now called the squidge3986 paradox : given the number of comments and view, where is everybody who should have asked the very same question ?
Haha, thank you for the laugh, my fellow numbers dude :)) In the meantime, our quest for other intelligent life forms continues... @@michange3141592
Love these videos - told with such clarity that an armchair science fan can easily follow the pretty massive concepts being shown. Great work! Hoping we're not alone and we just missed those radio signals somewhere...
For anyone who is actually curious, one of the best explanations for the Fermi paradox is given by cixin liu in his sci fi novel the three body problem. The book is fascinating and definable worth a read for anyone Interested. Netflix is also making a show so u can wait for that aswell.
It is if you can handle the induced depression lol.
Amazing! Thank you for making these videos!
Enjoyed this one. Thank you for creating!
Its criminal that your channel doesn't have 5 mil subs by now and that people use these to sleep instead of actually paying attention
Yay!! Thank you for what I'm sure will be another stellar, pun intended, episode. You're so great that these. Always fascinating to think about this stuff.
You make incredible content and if it doesn’t put me to sleep it genuinely keeps me 100% engaged with the subject. I know that sounds contradictory, but I just don’t always have enough energy to be 100% engaged. I hope you enjoy making these beautifully crafted videos because they make me happy.
The folks that put these videos together are sooo talented..BEST ON UA-cam or ANY OTHER PLATFORM...MUCH LUV FROM N.AUGUSTA S.C
Just FLUFFING beautiful work. So enjoyable to sit back and escape into this amazing oration.
Thank you mate.
Does it have to be a dichotomy between life and non-life? What if there are more, not less astonishing concepts in the universe like life, but not limited by any definitions. Really mind-blowing to think about it!
Agree
Yeah I don't see why it gets treated as beyond arbitrary. Many features of 'life' can be found in fluid and gas dynamics or even geological errosion for example but not all at once. So really its just a sliding scale between what appears what better fits our defintion and what doesn't, when in fact they're just chunks within the same soup of energy and matter. If living organisms must exchange with their environment (consumption,excretion) , then they are effectively not separate and distinct, but instead could be descibed as a kind of complex in the environment through which energy travels in a highly evolved way.
FWIW, hospice nurses will tell you the line between “alive” and “dead” is much fuzzier than most people realize. Some people at end of life quietly fade away. It’s hard to describe, though. Time Of Death on death certificates is generally a rough estimation, as oppose to Time Of Birth, which is much more obvious.
@@daisyviluck7932 Yeah, when it comes to viruses it's also not too clear if they are alive or just bio bots. But I was thinking if the phenomenon of life could be not unique as we used to think about it. We search for life on the other planets, but what if instead there is no life there, but something as complex but not what we used to call "life"?
I think of it as a spectrum. We have things like viruses and arguably even prions which are more alive than a granite rock, but less alive than us. What I like to imagine is at what point, if any in particular, does conciousness arise, and if we are not at the extreme of the spectrum, what would something that is *more* alive than us be like?
best documentary chanel on youtube.
I recently came across this channel. What a discovery! Congratulations on the amazing quality of this videos.
19:45 amino acids are NOT the building blocks of RNA or DNA. They are the building blocks of proteins.
..its folly to think that there are aliens amongst us...but of a 100 billion galaxies (that we know of) its folly to think there hasn't been or isn't alien life outside our lil blip...
Thank you so much. My favorite yt channel🙏🙏
God every time I watch your videos I get goosebumps. What a fascinating channel!
Your videos keep my mind off of drugs and when I think about relapsing I watch one of your videos all the way through and it gets me through
One of the best channels on YT gets the annoying 'context' box. UA-cam needs to stop adding 'context' or propaganda or whatever.
What context box?
@@HistoryoftheUniverseAutomated text box under the video that can't be gotten rid of coz it's YT that puts it there. In this case the context is climate change. Gives a definition with a hyperlink to the UN's page on the subject. It's supposed to come up on 'contraversial' topics but I've only ever seen the climate change context box. Supposedly all pro-life videos get an abortion context box. Guess you said the word too many times in the vid. It's annoying & mansplainy & people hate it. YT started doing it because of all the misinformation about covid, now it's for anything that gets strong political reaction
@@HistoryoftheUniverse "climate change" blue box under the video player. Usually goes under conspiracy-type videos, and clearly doesn't belong under any video by this fine channel.
@@HistoryoftheUniverseclimate change BS
For approximately 6 months I have had all the HotU videos playing in a loop most of my non-working hours, including when I sleep. I have probably truly absorbed and understand about 30 to 40 percent of the content. I'll turn on something else when these videos become boring, but as of this writing I still find every video to be intriguing and thought-provoking.
I just found your channel and instantly fell in love with your content
Great content and an absolute perfection within the outro!
Welcome in another amazing video by Top 3 of the best science channels on UA-cam. Enjoy! (you will!)
What is nr 1 and 2?
@@BozoBear1 for me personally Veritasium and Vsauce, but the second is not active anymore. So we could put Scienceclic to replace it.
Your videos are somehow straight to the point and filled to the brim with information. I love it
What a wonderful opening setting the scene in an otherwise completelt unrelated topic of the most intruiging archaeological weve discovered thus far and how beautiful bridged to the actual topic of the video through our collective scientific journey to grasp at the origins of our situation
Love these longer videos so I have something to listen to while i'm working.
This stuff never seems to seize to amaze. Grand research and a grand presentation. Thank you!
"cease"
why the unnecessary double negative?
@perniciouspete4986 True, although a necessary double negative seems unlikely.
Your videos are exeptionally well made. Please make one about the whole nucleosynthesis ,specially the super nova part, and give us all the numbers : we love it!! . Keep up the good work.
Brilliant as always. Thanks so much for your great work.
it's amazing how this videos are so interesting and helpful with my sleeping issues
Another beautifully written video. Amazing work, as always.
OMG I AM GOING TO SLEEP SO HARD RN, BUT THEN LISTEN LATER TO THIS MASTERPIECE
A fasciating insight into the many aspects of time travel, multi universes et al. I find such items another path by which man tries to show and/or prove that we are immortal in some way or other or that we are not just another 'insect' in a very small finite corner of the universe. I do look forward to more items as Colin Stuart puts the sunbject matter over so well.
Time travel and how does that working in an expanding universe
Hey keep the videos coming! You are very brilliant and I watch all your videos all the way through.
I always have a 2hr ride after work, im glad to have these videos to keep me entertained. Love them:)
I grabbed a calculator and did some conservative numbers to see if these estimates of millions or billions of civilizations (or life at all) hold any water...
For starters I multiplied the 'higher end' of the estimated stellar population in the Milky Way by 5 (planets on average per star... assuming some stars are devoid and other systems are bountiful. )
I didn't bother with assumptions for planets free floating amidst the stars on their own.
So starting out with 2 trillion possible planets, I assumed most would be gas giants, ice worlds and super heated worlds too close to their stars... So considering all the exoplanets that are clearly not habitable by our standards, I figured one tenth of one percent would be good candidates within the habitable zones of their respective stars... and fairly earth like water rich worlds.
Now... if you eliminate Red dwarve stars (due to their flaring activity and tendency to have close in habitable zones which tidally locks any worlds within)... and account for earlier sun like stars that have already swelled into red giants, or cast off those layers into planetary nebulae... this reduces the number of candidates by a factor of 10 (eliminating red dwarves) and say by half of main sequence sun like stars (that have already left the sequence and swelled or cast off their layers.)
Finally... it took most of the 4.3 billion years to bring us here.
Arguably... you could say life came about within the first billion years (as simple microbes from abiogenesis of various protiens that got their own start from an amino acid rich soup)... it may well be this form of life is the most abundant kind at any given time in our universe.
Obviously it would be more interesting to discover an animal and plant rich world... Thinking of the Cambrian explosion... that brings us to when the earth was approximately 3.7-3.8 billion years old.
If you want 'intelligent life'... here that arose 'arguably' 250,000 years ago (approximate time our lineage has existed as Homo Sapiens... and Cromagnon man before.)
To calculate our fleeting existence as a percentage of the planet's age... divide 250,000 years by 4,300,000,000 years... then multiply this number by what you have left from the other reductions you've made.
To be fair... Homo Erectus man could be considered 'intelligent life' as this is our early forebearer... counting Homo Erectus... you could extend our timeline to about 800,000 years. Divide 800,000 years by 4.3 billion.
Assuming an average intelligent species exists for 10 million years... you could divide 10 million into 5.5 billion... whereby the earth like planet would start to lose it's life nurturing capability... due to the solar intensity increasing by about 25%, and the worlds magnetic field falling into decline... allowing for the atmosphere to first thicken, due to increased water vapour uptake, of a hotter world... as a runaway greenhouse effect unfolds and the solar wind starts stripping away high altitude volatiles...
Life will gradually cease due to the eventual autoclave like environment, followed by a gradual stripping of the atmosphere (and by extension... all surface water.)
The range in possible values for life as we know it in any of these scenarios... dramatically fall short of the 'millions and billions' of life rich worlds, as proposed to exist in our galaxy... and dramatically shrinks the number of possible occurrences of intelligent life to spring up.
This doesn't even suggest how many of these possible intelligent species would have likely advanced to our level (or exceeded us technologically) let alone become space faring creatures.
To succeed as a multi solar species... you have to be able to cross lightyears between stars... without succumbing to radiation or having your spacecraft hull eroded by micro-meteors, dust and even the sparse molecular gas out there... and within the creatures lifetime... unless multigenerational space arks are the way to go here. Light speed (or warp drives) may very well remain the stuff of sci-fi... which would dramatically limit the capability of any advanced civilization to become multi-solar.
I've calculated as little as 2 life rich worlds (with intelligent life) in our galaxy. We are certainly one of them... but the question is... is the other less advanced... more advanced (or even at our level) or did they go extinct (disease, nuclear war, other...)
If we are the only (or one of 2, or at least less than a dozen... or even one of a few hundred) intelligent species with radio technology etc in this galaxy... that would explain the great silence out there. Galaxies are too far away, and if warp drive and multi-solar colonization is prohibitively difficult or near impossible... that's also why we haven't encountered or witnessed any super advanced alien species yet... and may never.
You can get almost any results you like from the Drake equation, according to your biases. ( Although I admit that my biases are similar to your own)
@@smeeself Thanks. You hear large numbers regarding possible civilizations in our own galaxy whenever the subject comes up... I just don't think it's realistic. Life is pretty special (and easy for an asteroid or gamma ray burst from a nearby supernova to snuff out)... intelligent life would be rarer still.
@davidhenningson4782 Honestly, I'm not even convinced that intelligence is a survival trait that would often get much traction. ( without some fortunate parallel developments) But that's REALLY showing my biases. 😃
@@smeeself good point. Arguably insects and some fish (sharks), reptiles and amphibians are the most successful (and longest surviving) life forms on earth. If we nuk ourselves they'll still be around long after we're gone.
This was awesome mate. Appreciate your work.
I love the conversation about what it means to be alive and in the definition given a.i could be condisered as alive, as well as npcs in certain games
I simply love this channel ❤
Hands down one of the best channels on UA-cam the information and the way it's presented to the viewer is both captivating and entertaining I thank you greatly for your efforts and time in making such great content and for free a gift to all those with eyes to see and ears to hear please know your existence has greatly impacted and improved mine.
Only now do I recognize how much my Mom taught us SCIENCE as it came up in the day-to-day news! Even as little ones.
Like when she started saying Look at the static on the TV screen, we see the radio signal of the first of any light there was after the Big Bang.
❤ Mom