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bruh are you for real? you really falling for this bullshit scam site??? for shame you couldnt be bothered for doing a simple google search for seeing what a scam it is....
These videos are like therapy, so relaxing. My mind always starts to wonder which brings me to my question. The two slit experiment, does the change in results (the change in pattern) happen the moment the detector is used? We are always told the outcome is different the moment the rules are changed. But does it happen the moment you start observing, or only after the experiment is restarted? I've never heard anyone go into that level of detail. It is always just that the pattern is different once you begin observing the photons. I'm curious if the change in the results has ever been observed in real time. Hope someone can answer this!!
I watch a ton of science videos. This is, by far (it's not even close), the best video I have ever seen that explains the standard model as a whole. I am a 100% layman when it comes to science, yet the video explained concepts in understandable ways that, until now, have frustratingly escaped me. Further, as a history nerd, I loved how it traces the evolution of the theories that formed the foundations and progression of the standard model. Even with a length of nearly an hour and a half, I'm sure the editor had to make hard choices. Yet it strikes the proper balance where there is nothing unnecessary, but leaves no holes. That is a sure sign of superior writing and editing. I can't imagine how long it took to create the script and the effort it took to write it. I'm grateful that the editor took the risk of leaving it as one video rather than chopping it up. I will be re-watching this video over again (probably many times) to solidify my understanding of the standard model. This is truly a masterful video! Bravo!
Totally 100 percent agree with this comment. This guy deserves an Oscar for these kind of videos that explain science to the rest of humanity. We need that desperately as a species and as humans.
Yes, well.. I tried keeping up as best I could, however I don't entirely get all of this. Fundamental conceptualization of this model in its entirety remains somewhat elusive for me.
If you don't want to have to watch it many times, co sidereal that everything in matter is fields, and that classical matter does not effect quantum fields. The average energy density of our galaxy, and universe, is expressed to us as matter has no bearing on the quantum, or energy fields. Gravity is the discrepancy between classical and quantum. It effects us, but we do not effect it. It's lost in translation, so we can only experience a small portion of electromagnetic interaction. Likewise, moving closer to C will slow down the interaction of matter. If matter moves at C, it must disintegrate.
This channel is a gift to humanity. The ability to explain the complexity of the Standard Model without overwhelming the audience (at least me) is truly something special. I thought the pinnacle was achieved with the 2.5 hour episode...but you guys keeping producing masterpiece after masterpiece. BRAVO!
What’s crazy is I will watch in depth videos about a single aspect of the crazy world of proven physics and then rewatch these and realize that every single minute is true things that are literally mind blowing! Back to back to back lol
Usually videos like these help me drift off to sleep. With yours, no matter how drowsy I am, I fight sleep in order to watch more. You have a true gift. Thank you for sharing it with all of us.
This same thing happens to me! I always use long physics videos to fall asleep because I struggle with sleep paralysis and I need something to keep me happy and calm. I came across this video recently and I thought it would be perfect to fall asleep with but it was too good, I was too interested and I was fighting sleep to watch it 😂😂😂
I've been suffering with repeated debilitating anxiety attacks, and these videos are one of the only things that give me comfort when it feels like I'm dying. They're softly spoken enough that it doesn't overstimulate me while still giving me something to (try) to focus my attention on instead. I never write comments, but your videos have gotten me through some of my worst imaginable moments. The gratitude that I have for your content is unquantifiable. Thank you, History of the Universe. You have made a really tough couple of months a lot more bearable 🖤
All your videos are fantastic, each better than the previous. But this one may be your magnum opus. The runtime is daunting, but I was blown away with it's deepness and flow, the storytelling and connection to the brilliant minds making the discoveries. Its captivating and I felt myself yearning to go back and finish the video. There is a certain beauty in learning how the real world works, how things actually behave, the complexity and simplicity. This video (and channel for that matter) captures that joy of learning and discovery and brings it to a level that untrained people can understand. A true gem. Its so good i see myself watchig it multiple times and hopefully I'll retain a bit more.
This channel is so refreshing especially among all the AI cosmology redundancies on UA-cam... I ordered from the website shop and will continue to support this channel! Keep up the excellent work!
Ever since getting interested in physics and universe vids in this platform, those horrible AI videos started flooding my feed as well. I try my best not to click them but sometimes I do by mistake. As expected, their content is pure rubbish and you will really get the sense of someone just rambling on and on with no actual perspective nor anything new to add. I want to report them but they seem to multiply so fast. Thus it is a treat to see channels like this one. Great production value with actual perspective. Keep it up!
@@benahaus Some of them use clickbaity titles, or put pictures of famous physicists in the thumbnails for vids that person wouldn't be doing. Also, they use the artificial voices. I hate that people are doing this because anyone legit just starting out is going to get swallowed up in the garbage. These days, I just basically watch the creators I'm subscribed to, or who are mentioned by them. 🍀
This video was amazing. I'm an armchair physicist who failed calculus but I am fascinated with the quantum world and you have filled in so many blanks for me Thank you very much. I have already bookmarked it so I can watch it again.
@@Condorman1I think he was being encouraging and meant just because you “failed” a course based on a number score, you can still learn the topic the with resources we have for free now. A number saying you failed is just a number, if in the end you learn the subject, who cares what that number said; it’s still success.
@@kevinsayes I wasn't offended. I was joking. I may try to learn calculus again but after working for 40 years in high tech my brain is tired and I just want to be retired. lol
I have a question. Probably due to my lack of understanding more than anything but if gravity is just the effect of mass causing curvature in the fabric of space time, wouldn’t it be plausible to assume there is actually no graviton, because gravity isn’t force but interaction. And following that principle would it not plausible to say gravity is just the ripples caused in the medium through which the vibrations are occurring? And with that same train shouldn’t what we are searching for be the medium through which the fields vibrate rather than a particle carrying the vibration? Hoping to learn from yall
Idk, they had to have thought of this already right? I think I’ve heard of a “quantum gravity” theory where gravity is a grid and that if its true it means time goes through intervals of Planck time instead of being completely continuous. Im no professional though (I still have a few more months until I’m done with high school lmao) so take what I’ve said with grains of salt.
The style is not identical (of course it should not be - times and the medium change), but these videos remind me (old as I am) of the glory days of the BBC's "Horizon" before it degenerated into CGI fuelled baby food. Brilliant and thank you.
Phenomenal video as always left a comment on one of your videos @HistoryoftheUniverse a year ago saying how these videos helped me get through the death of my mom and then best friend shortly after life is tough but a year later I’m still here I’m almost a year sober and following my passions like physics and astronomy I have a career now a wonderful girlfriend and dog and we all watch these videos now… it’s the little things like these videos, and this channel…times change life has ups and downs if your struggling right now just know things will get better, there’s always more to enjoy in life…like videos on this channel 😊
This channel and his others have brought me through some tough times, too. I'm especially glad to hear about your sobriety, and it sounds like you have a good relationship/support in your renewed life. As someone who's dealt with family members challenges, I know how important that is. Hope you're enjoying the holidays and have an awesome New Year! ✌️😎🍀
@@erinmac4750 This channel is really awesome. I always loved science and astrophysics, as and 18 year old Indian student who is very curious about the universe this channel is a blessing I always sit with a pen and paper to absorb most out of the videos... But seeing people relating these scientific videos to their personal lives and how it affects or helps them makes me really happy... Wishing you all a happy, meaningful and peaceful life ahead😊
History of the universe series is so amazing! From the music, voice, cadence, topics, flow, everything. I always look forward to these and the production team does a great job!
thanks Collin Stuart for this masterpiece! I've subscribed to your astronomy newsletter and it's really fun to read. I wanted to ask... Can I dub this video in my native language so people of my community can enjoy this and get to know the standard model ? It's okay... If I'm not allowed to upload it on the internet. 😀
I was wondering how you regularly made such great long form science content, then I saw you had folks like Paul M. Sutter on your team and it all clicked. Keep up the great work, looking forward to the next one as always!
Inital comment of a recent subscriber knowing this channel is of many creators; You people are truly gifted. The visuals, the audio, the script, the content. Another absolutely phenomenal masterpiece of scientific communication for the average person. A God-like presentation.
“We are trying to prove ourselves wrong as quickly as possible, because only then do we make progress” - Richard Feynman What a simple yet wonderful quote that represents how science, unlike beliefs or dogmas, improves our knowledge and capabilities regarding the universe.
Hmmm, saying that science isn't a belief or dogma is a bit questionable, given our current cultural climate. I've seen plenty of evidence that science is misused in much the same way that religion was in days past. Although I'm in no way religious, I would say that one should not discount belief; as it's a fundamental part of being human
Sorry, but culture and religion are irrelevant to science. Suggesting that science is being “misused” is not a problem with science, imo. But I would prefer you give some direct indications of what you mean on this point. And in my personal opinion, beliefs are not only not important, but in many cases they are harmful. One should try not to hold beliefs. To suggest that beliefs are fundamental to being human is like suggesting that one shouldn’t wash their hands because dirtiness is fundamentally human.
@@AnnonymousPrime-ks4uf I’m quite familiar with QM interpretations. I’m not sure what your point is here. Science is science, regardless of how people interpret it, whether rightly or wrongly.
Thank you for everything you and your team have done on all of your channels. This one is my favourite but all of your work is fantastic. And i’m really thankful you’re providing the chance for people to watch content of this level for free on youtube. Keep up the awesome work and i hope you’re taking enough time for your health as well.
Absolutely perfect, I honestly can't find the words to express the absolute joy and wonder that I get from all of your videos! This one in particular is one of my favorites, I usually learn at least 1 thing from each episode, but this one has cleared up an overall misunderstanding I had regarding the weak force and Higgs field. Thank you and I can't wait for the next one!
I wish there was a dvd collection of your videos with a giant book available. I would shell out the money for something like that. Your stuff is phenomenal!
I may not understand or retain any of this information, but watching your videos somehow expand my knowledge even without me not knowing. In a way, your videos are refreshing to me. They make me feel so small in the universe and makes me realize how much I don’t know, but in a way, It just makes me want to learn more.
Hats off to you good sir, one of the most amazing videos ive seen, the intro was phenomenal. Outstanding narration, editing and story telling, all while teaching us something. Your videos go beyond youtube, they are pure quality and will be around for a long time. The way you can inspire curiousity is amazing and Im stoked to get to witness this beauty.
Excellent. You get an A+. I am 77 years old and a self-professed theoretical physicist and practicing professor of metaphysics. I wish to send a brief message that I believe builds just a wee bit atop this magnificent video. Actually, the GUT was proposed about 300 years ago by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, though insufficiently for today's ways. As I have taught history of science, both cosmologically, biologically, and sociologically over the last fifty years or so, I have leaned into this pyramid of multiple quantum field theories (I actually started with Paul Dirac and the "Sea of Dirac") and explored what I call the "true" quantum vibrational basement of Max Planck from a metaphysically historical examination of an infinite and eternal "field" of Leibniz's Monads. Perhaps, the term "monad" suggests a particle, but my research suggests that these little critters are actually ghostly triphasic and what I refer to as "W"holy Ghosts." (Yes, the W is actually for my last name and the obvious alliterative comparison of the religious symbolism as well as what we like to call "the Universe." These universally infinite and eternal little guys are simply vibrating "biodigitally" (my word) across time from appearing in a photonic phase to a gravitonic phase through a "chronotonic" phase (again, my word). Thus, we get an unmeasurably small vibration through time in the form I like to describe as a coin with two sides and a center of unmeasurable time. One side of the coin provides a "push or a shove" (photonically) upon other "monads" adjacent with it while the other side of the coin "sucks or breaths in" providing a gravitonic effect leading ultimately to "chaotic" star systems or "orderly" black holes while passing through a pyramid of quantum field levels cosmic evolution and devolution (Bully for the Buddha) as Carl Sagan once said. These events are caused by what many quantum physicists like to refer to as things like spin, color, and flavor leading to some variations of string theory. (I play the guitar just as poorly as I tell my story of metaphysical history and "cosmic evolution." I commend all who came before me on this quest for knowledge and hope that I can somehow contribute to a humanitarian view of where we came from and where we are going, along with a few suggestions on how might get there intelligently and with as little pain as possible. I sing of this next chapter in this cosmic story leading through what I envision as a "transhuman" (hopefully, not posthuman) evolutionary transformation engineered by our experience with what we like to call artificial generative intelligence (AGI). As what I like to think of as "the music of the spheres" vibrates through all eternity there will always be high notes and low notes as the beat goes on and I should note as I conclude this "relatively brief 'for me' comment, all of these vibrating monads do not vibrate "in phase" and the effects of this "wall-to-wall" vibration is the source of all symmetry (and asymmetrical effects) accounting for literally everything, and I would like to discuss this further with anyone interested in such "metaphysically theoretical proof." Alan Wright (aln)
You're a former teacher, 77 years old and you STILL don't know how to use PARAGRAPHS? God, I fucking HATE every single one of you goddamned baby boomer assholes.
A company that is known for selling their customer's confidential health information, providing unqualified and uninterested counsellors and pushing the responsibility for checking the qualifications of their counsellors on to the patients. F that company and anyone shilling for them.
Wow, this is a treat, I was already celebrating today, but now I feel like the universe is celebrating along with me. Looking forward to consuming this treat 👍
It is quite extraordinary to me that mathematical theory and equations predict something to be true that is then tested and proven to be true much later. Humans are remarkable beings.
38:35 I don’t know if anyone can answer this but I was curious why “borrowed” energy has to be returned a certain amount of “time” proportional to how much energy was borrowed. This implies that time is somehow linked to energy, but from studying relativity I cant determine whether its distance or time that is the fundamental quantity here. Time is defined by relativity to be the amount of time it takes for light to travel a specific distance, and distance is defined by relativity as the amount of distance covered by light over a set period of time, so it’s clear the two are related, and it’s also clear that since Work is Force over distance that two two quantities are very closely related to energy. If you have to give back the amount of energy borrowed after a certain time, how does this apply to the Big Bang? Did the speed of light slow down in response to the expanding of the universe for the express purpose of lengthening the time frame of the universe before its energy is returned?
i love this channel, i have watched every single video multiple times, and it is such a treat whenever there is a new one - like christmas morning lol This series is amazing and the content is unmatched - one of if not the best on this topic...truly thank you !
This was so incredibly well thought-out and put together. From a visual standpoint, as well as from an audio perspective. I hope the creators of this badass educational feat know that they have helped countless others understand very complex matters that eluded them until they sat down and finally saw this. So many concepts I previously failed to truly understand-that I wanted to understand, but the visual/educational/conceptual framework just wasn’t there for me to grasp it. Thank you, whoever you all are, for being such incredible educators.
Conservation of Spatial Curvature: Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.) Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. An artificial Christmas tree can hold the ornaments in place, but it is not a real tree. String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What did some of the old clockmakers use to store the energy to power the clock? Was it a string or was it a spring? What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine. Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: “We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr (lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958) The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Dr. Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics? When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change. ===================== Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length ) The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge. Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter? Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles. ----------------------
41:31 I’m just floored. I stopped the video to post my first ever yt comment to express how good this is. I have watched countless yt vids on QM but the level of detail coupled with just visually stunning graphics that helps visualize the quantum world in a way I’ve never seen before
Thank you for explaining g-factor and how it relates to magnetic dipole moment and the existence of virtual particles. Thanks to you, I finally understand why the new measurements of the Muon moment were such big news in physics a few years back!
This channel is so good, I’m really lucky I found it and I’m grateful to the creators for taking the time and making the effort to create this quality of content. You are masters at what you do 🙇♂️
You and your channel are among a small handful of people that can teach me complex things that stick. That's up there with the greatest of gifts in my opinion, and i suspect its why your channel is one of the fastest growing on youtube. Thankyou
Thank you for another outstanding video. You consistently outshine programs that employ a dozen or more "science communicators" After watching this I feel like I have a better grasp of the standard model and most definitely a better understanding of the conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics. Your hard work is much appreciated and it always brightens my day whenever I see that you have released a new video. Thank you!
There is an error @ 32:31 where 2P energy level is depicted lower than 2S. The 2P is higher energy than 2S and the atomic energy levels shoul be reversed in the diagram.
Its standard to depict higher energy orbitals above lower energy ones in such diagrams especially when the principal quantum value (2) is the same for both orbitals..@@Pope_Protein
This fills an important niche. Like lots of armchair astrophysicists, I watch Brian Greene et al, and am familiar with the current failures in modern physics along with the various approaches and opinions to improve things. Yet I have never taken a course in particle physics, so having a greater appreciation for the barriers and work-arounds that has been so successful in getting us to the Standard Model. So Bravo--I think I'll need to watch it a second time to make sure I got the gist of it, and will look at your other episodes.
This video is unbelievably good, and it’s by far my favorite video ever on UA-cam. I just watched it the first time and can’t wait to watch it again and again. I’ve seen almost every PBS space time, fermi lab, etc. they’re all amazing too, but this took all of the pieces of information I knew about QM and put it all together so that I understand it like I never quite could before.
I look forward to every single video on this channel. I must have watched all the videos a dozen times before. By far the best channel on the subject matter. Wish you get a billion subscribers, you're doing humanity a service. I would be really interested in a behind the scenes video to understand what goes into creation of such detailed and beautiful content!
I think I'm going to need to watch this one several times before I get my head around the concepts. Just found your channel, but these sorts of topics are fascinating!
Thank you HoTU! The new episode just made my weekend! And Mr. Kelly's iconic narration is a treasure. I can't help but wonder how many viewers were inspired to delve into physics and astronomy because of the script and his narration.
@@Boneless_Chuck: As for myself, obsessively inspired! I just wish I discovered physics and astronomy in school in the 60's instead of playing in a damn rock and roll band for the next 30 years. Oh, well.... It _was_ fun and there's still lots of time to learn and to know
Another banger, these videos should fill national broadcasters prime slots, rather than yet another ‘reality’ tv offering. Please keep up the great work and many thanks for your efforts.
I cannot get enough of these excellent videos on the way mankind discovers how fundamental reality operates. Brilliant minds working together, do brilliant experiments, and a lot of blackboard work.
14:26 - "Brighter light has higher waves, so they should have dislodged more electrons as they..." As an optical engineer, my skin crawls a bit at this statement. "Higher waves"? Cringe, as 'kids these days' say. The initial thinking was that brighter, or higher amplitude, electromagnetic waves should knock off more electrons because they carry more energy. More energy impinging on the electrons, the logic went, the more electrons should get knocked out of their dance with the positively charged nucleus (particularly if they acted like classical particles). The "height" as it is called here is assumedly referring to the amplitude, but their is no direct physical dimensionally to the amplitude of an electromagnetic wave, unlike, for example, the wavelength. The electric field strength and the magnetic field strength do have directionality, or polarization, but their values are measurements of the strength of the fields, not physical size. The insight that the photoelectric effect gave into quantum mechanics is that light delivers its energy in discrete quanta that carry energy proportional to the quanta or photon frequency and inversely to its wavelength. Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect was the insight that if a single lower energy quanta, or photon, couldn't liberate an electron, then the electron would not absorb any of the lower energy quanta (to bump the electron out of its orbital), and therefore it didn't matter how many lower energy photons bombarded a sample if they could not be "caught" or absorbed. This later gave insight into light spectra and quantum models of the atom, like the Bohr model. "Higher waves" sounds more like the description of a product at a dispensary.
The only fundamental physical dimension that an electromagnetic wave exhibits is wavelength. The rotation of the wave is accounted by the angle of polarization. The amplitude is expressed in field strength, which is not a spatial dimension.
Bahahaha! Thank you for this. There were a bunch of spots I wanted to weigh in on but I'm still on my first coffee and not feeling too articulate. But then I got distracted by their awful sponsor. Your last line was hilarious and not wrong...
This has been my favorite production of yours so far. I absolutely LOVED learning about physicists/scientists I've never heard of. And as others have said, your field(s) explanation will help a ton of people learn about it as it's a very abstract concept.
I'm just about to begin another 30 hour weekend in the restaurant kitchen, I can't wait for prep time when I can listen to this beautifully made video in its entirety, thank you HotU, we love every single person that works on this!
The more I watched this video, the more it seemed to me that mass is just an illusion. Everything is energy and mass is just energy trapped in a unit volume. Matter isn't real; energy is real. The physical is just how we perceive things.
"The world is strange..." YES INDEED! Thanks for sharing your work. Greatly appreciated and know that I have been following "History of the Universe" for more years than one. Hahaha!. Keep well!
(paraphrasing) 51:52 "there are more half lives in a second, then there have been seconds in the universe" These channel often trys to make unimaginable things easier to grasp, but this might be the best example.
There is a lot of useless frippery of language that does not instruct. I mean, does anyone know how many seconds there have been in the universe? Trying to explain one unimaginably large number with another one is breathtakingly ignorant in terms of teaching. Why not load Graham's Number in there too? (if Knuth struggled with it, you know it's pointless to bring it up in a lay convo)
I'm a published scientist (biology), and yet every time I watch one of your videos i learn more about physics than I did in the multitude of physics classes I've taken over the years. This video answered SOOOO MANY questions I've had for years.
Please forgive the ignorance, but isn't it Arnold Sommerfeld who first improved Bohr's model? And where is his place in your story? As well, would you share, where ist the place of the fine structure constant?
This one actually brought some order to my brain, struggling with quantum particles, weak, strong, electro-magnetic forces, gluons & such. The Quantum Fields make it sort of imaginable, traceable… Even, if only for the glimpse of a second, while he explains, before dissipating like the ghost particles… I love the chess comparison- although, I don’t know chess, at all, well roughly, how the figures stand & move, and the 64 squares. By the way… Best subscription ever… except: The Entire History of Earth, and Entire History of Human Kind. The voice, the way with the words, the HUMAN voice, the history included, the introduction/explanation of different theories, all together - brilliant!
This very cool for me because you are filling in gaps from time to time which is very thrilling. It is like finding that special jigsaw piece you needed. I am having my own physics and cosmology season at the moment .I must thank you very much for your very useful video.
25:44 "Atoms are actually made of wave and particles at the same time." To avoid confusion I think it's better to say they are made of neither particles nor waves. They are a 'wave function', which is a different thing that has both properties of particles and waves but it not either of these things, it is its own unique thing. We don't ever try to deal with waves and particles when dealing with atoms, we simply use the Schrodinger equation to evolve the wave function over time.
Is there any way you could please tell me the name of the song that starts at 22:10? (Soft piano) I would really really appreciate it. Thanks for the incredible video either way!
"Music from Epidemic Sound, Artlist, Silver Maple And Yehezkel Raz." Look in the video description for that info; in general YT requires the music used to be licensed or license-free, and the explanation of that has to be in the description.
Very enjoyable. I won't pretend I understood everything, just a few percent at best (I often have to stop and ponder for a bit), but that part about the tile on the spring setting off a wave opened my eyes completely. No doubt I will have to rewatch this dozens of times before I understand a good deal more of it, but at last I can see how some of this relates to the formation of the Universe from the time of the Big Bang, the initial rapid rate of its expansion then, and why the slower rate expansion of the Universe is said to be speeding up again now. It makes more sense now.
Me neither. And the other 0.6% I do understand about this video is that there's one other person out there who did not understand 99.4% of this video. So I say let us march forward my good brother, comforted by the grace that we do not fight alone in this battle to protect the sanctity of ignorance! The battle plan is that one day their brains shall become so filled with their complex theories that they will no longer be able to comprehend the simplest concepts. Like what's 2 plus 2... how do I tie these shoes... and hey, what's that shiny thing? Then we will strike! We will butter the floors and blow bubbles in the air! And as their brains overload considering the surface tension of margarine and the diffraction patterns of soapy water, they shall stumble around aimlessly as we drink cold beer, eat cheetos and forever piss our pants in vengeful drunken laughter! Buahaha! Buahahahahaha!! BBBUUUAAAHAHAHAHAHA!!!!!!
41:51 I had learned years ago about the fact there is so much space between electrons and protons that it made sense to me that we should be able to walk through walls and fall through objects, but we don't. Why? This moment in the video fully explains why to me. I get it now! Great video. Well presented.
Dirac once said "Renormalization is just a stop-gap procedure. There must be some fundamental change in our ideas, probably a change just as fundamental as the passage from Bohr's orbit theory to quantum mechanics. When you get a number turning out to be infinite which ought to be finite, you should admit that there is something wrong with your equations, and not hope that you can get a good theory just by doctoring up that number." Feynman also called renormalization' hocus-pocus'.
25:00 Bohr's model of electrons like planets replaced by Dirac's model: electrons both particles and waves 27:50 spin of electrons creates a field 31:40 you don't sit in a chair, you actually float 33:30 photons and electrons are fields 35:35 no particles, just vibrating fields. Quantum field theory 36:45 QED, how light and matter interact 37:45 Hisenberg uncertainty principle
Simply amazing. The graphics used are chosen precisely right. As elusive as Gravity is for the moment, that flowing velvet near the end of the video was simply a delight for the mind while pondering the true workings behind it. I always think it's beautiful how gravity is the cherry on top of the whole system and almost acts as an arrow. Like a grand show on a stage that has to face the crowd for it to have a purpose. Time also has it's own mysteries but for some reason makes more logical sense where gravity *feels* more like something. Good stuff!
I've watched a lot of similar videos, usually giving up before the end. This is by far the best I have come across. Well done and thank you to everyone involved in the production of it.
As a master of science student in particule physics (and hence studying QFT), I can only bow to the quality of the content and how clear it is ! Thanks !
33:30 I thought the smallest possible vibration is the vacuum ground state, which is always there. We just don't notice it, because it is at constant energy everywhere, so accoding to the second law of thermodynamics it can't do any work. However in cosmology we do notice it, as it is in theory what creates tge cosmological constant, which is responsible for the accerlerated expansion of the universe (however in theory the cosmological constant should be about 10^120 timey higher, so there is something wrong with it).
33:30 I thought the smallest possible vibration is the vacuum ground state, which is always there. We just don't notice it, because it is at constant energy everywhere, so accoding to the second law of thermodynamics it can't do any work. However in cosmology we do notice it, as it is in theory what creates the cosmological constant, which is responsible for the accerlerated expansion of the universe (however in theory the cosmological constant should be about 10^120 timey higher, so there is something wrong with it).
As usual a superb video. Your channel is among the very best scientific ones on UA-cam as it is consistently precise and well documented. Remarkable work on editing and video illustrations. It is quite amazing to be able to deliver this level of quality time and time again.
JUST WOW!! This has to be one of the absolute BEST physics documentary videos I have seen in my life! (and I have seen a whole damn lot). Thank you for this wonderful production and narration!!!! Keep up the exceptional work guys!
The best part of this video is the section on spin. I have struggled to understand that concept for years and that very simple explanation made it clear. Why it's not taught this way is beyond me. Thanks for clearing that up for me.
I had and will have this fascinating video virtually on loop, hoping that eventually I will absorb many of the higher principals and theories through inculcation and osmosis.
Completely and utterly absorbing - as always and easily my favourite channel on UA-cam. Any chance of a deeper dive into String/M Theory and QLG, please? Thank you.
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bruh are you for real? you really falling for this bullshit scam site??? for shame you couldnt be bothered for doing a simple google search for seeing what a scam it is....
the fact that betterhelp is sponsoring this video almost feels like a meme.
DO NOT USE BETTER HELP THEY CANNOT KEEP DATA SAFE!!!!!
I am disappointed. Please refrain from having them as a sponsor in the future.
These videos are like therapy, so relaxing. My mind always starts to wonder which brings me to my question.
The two slit experiment, does the change in results (the change in pattern) happen the moment the detector is used? We are always told the outcome is different the moment the rules are changed. But does it happen the moment you start observing, or only after the experiment is restarted?
I've never heard anyone go into that level of detail. It is always just that the pattern is different once you begin observing the photons. I'm curious if the change in the results has ever been observed in real time.
Hope someone can answer this!!
better help is not a good company and its very disappointing they are sponsoring this
I watch a ton of science videos. This is, by far (it's not even close), the best video I have ever seen that explains the standard model as a whole. I am a 100% layman when it comes to science, yet the video explained concepts in understandable ways that, until now, have frustratingly escaped me. Further, as a history nerd, I loved how it traces the evolution of the theories that formed the foundations and progression of the standard model. Even with a length of nearly an hour and a half, I'm sure the editor had to make hard choices. Yet it strikes the proper balance where there is nothing unnecessary, but leaves no holes. That is a sure sign of superior writing and editing. I can't imagine how long it took to create the script and the effort it took to write it. I'm grateful that the editor took the risk of leaving it as one video rather than chopping it up. I will be re-watching this video over again (probably many times) to solidify my understanding of the standard model. This is truly a masterful video! Bravo!
Well stated! This video should be able to explain QM to a goldfish!!
Totally 100 percent agree with this comment. This guy deserves an Oscar for these kind of videos that explain science to the rest of humanity. We need that desperately as a species and as humans.
Yes, well.. I tried keeping up as best I could, however I don't entirely get all of this.
Fundamental conceptualization of this model in its entirety remains somewhat elusive for me.
If you don't want to have to watch it many times, co sidereal that everything in matter is fields, and that classical matter does not effect quantum fields. The average energy density of our galaxy, and universe, is expressed to us as matter has no bearing on the quantum, or energy fields. Gravity is the discrepancy between classical and quantum. It effects us, but we do not effect it. It's lost in translation, so we can only experience a small portion of electromagnetic interaction.
Likewise, moving closer to C will slow down the interaction of matter. If matter moves at C, it must disintegrate.
@@MarinCipollinaKeep watching it, again and again. Take your time, you'll get there ♥️
This channel is a gift to humanity. The ability to explain the complexity of the Standard Model without overwhelming the audience (at least me) is truly something special. I thought the pinnacle was achieved with the 2.5 hour episode...but you guys keeping producing masterpiece after masterpiece. BRAVO!
What’s crazy is I will watch in depth videos about a single aspect of the crazy world of proven physics and then rewatch these and realize that every single minute is true things that are literally mind blowing! Back to back to back lol
Debatable
It's definitely still far above the head of many many people
You don't understand anything about it though. I hope you realize that.
@@talananiyiyaya8912 Absolutely. It’s a humbling thought that we may never fully understand it.
Usually videos like these help me drift off to sleep. With yours, no matter how drowsy I am, I fight sleep in order to watch more. You have a true gift. Thank you for sharing it with all of us.
This same thing happens to me! I always use long physics videos to fall asleep because I struggle with sleep paralysis and I need something to keep me happy and calm. I came across this video recently and I thought it would be perfect to fall asleep with but it was too good, I was too interested and I was fighting sleep to watch it 😂😂😂
I've been suffering with repeated debilitating anxiety attacks, and these videos are one of the only things that give me comfort when it feels like I'm dying. They're softly spoken enough that it doesn't overstimulate me while still giving me something to (try) to focus my attention on instead. I never write comments, but your videos have gotten me through some of my worst imaginable moments. The gratitude that I have for your content is unquantifiable.
Thank you, History of the Universe. You have made a really tough couple of months a lot more bearable 🖤
💜
💚
You need meditation. Learn to stay in the hear and now
same, i suffer anxety disorcer, camr here to dstract myself
Stop eating carbs eat red meat at every meal 👍
All your videos are fantastic, each better than the previous. But this one may be your magnum opus. The runtime is daunting, but I was blown away with it's deepness and flow, the storytelling and connection to the brilliant minds making the discoveries. Its captivating and I felt myself yearning to go back and finish the video.
There is a certain beauty in learning how the real world works, how things actually behave, the complexity and simplicity. This video (and channel for that matter) captures that joy of learning and discovery and brings it to a level that untrained people can understand. A true gem. Its so good i see myself watchig it multiple times and hopefully I'll retain a bit more.
Absolutely fantastic content as always, guys. Please keep it up ❤🔥
Is this legit?
@@erhorvik1not sure what you mean but yes this is how donation comments look
@@IIVYE so I'm donating to you and not the channel/creator themselves?
Seems like a scam. I'd donate, but not to you or orb😉
@@erhorvik1 if you want to donate to the channel (this one not mine), use the thanks button under the video :)
This channel is so refreshing especially among all the AI cosmology redundancies on UA-cam... I ordered from the website shop and will continue to support this channel! Keep up the excellent work!
I've seen a lot of the Science/Philosophy/Religion AI videos lately. They are flooding the algorithm with their awful videos.
Ever since getting interested in physics and universe vids in this platform, those horrible AI videos started flooding my feed as well. I try my best not to click them but sometimes I do by mistake. As expected, their content is pure rubbish and you will really get the sense of someone just rambling on and on with no actual perspective nor anything new to add. I want to report them but they seem to multiply so fast.
Thus it is a treat to see channels like this one. Great production value with actual perspective. Keep it up!
How do you know the videos were AI generated?
Thx
@@benahaus Some of them use clickbaity titles, or put pictures of famous physicists in the thumbnails for vids that person wouldn't be doing. Also, they use the artificial voices.
I hate that people are doing this because anyone legit just starting out is going to get swallowed up in the garbage. These days, I just basically watch the creators I'm subscribed to, or who are mentioned by them. 🍀
This video was amazing. I'm an armchair physicist who failed calculus but I am fascinated with the quantum world and you have filled in so many blanks for me Thank you very much. I have already bookmarked it so I can watch it again.
Check out his other videos. They’re all absolutely incredible!
@@RockBrentwood You're a funny guy but I am not sure what you mean that I succeeded to succeed.
@@Condorman1I think he was being encouraging and meant just because you “failed” a course based on a number score, you can still learn the topic the with resources we have for free now. A number saying you failed is just a number, if in the end you learn the subject, who cares what that number said; it’s still success.
@@kevinsayes I wasn't offended. I was joking. I may try to learn calculus again but after working for 40 years in high tech my brain is tired and I just want to be retired. lol
COLLECTIVELY, HUMANS ARE THE NUTTTS AN BOLTTTS, SPEARHEADING THE CREATION PROCESS...
Written, organized, and presented with abundant clarity. This video answered so many of my longest-standing questions.
Loved your videos way back on minecraft lmao
I have a question. Probably due to my lack of understanding more than anything but if gravity is just the effect of mass causing curvature in the fabric of space time, wouldn’t it be plausible to assume there is actually no graviton, because gravity isn’t force but interaction. And following that principle would it not plausible to say gravity is just the ripples caused in the medium through which the vibrations are occurring? And with that same train shouldn’t what we are searching for be the medium through which the fields vibrate rather than a particle carrying the vibration?
Hoping to learn from yall
Thats a great idea
No.
@@LordOfThePancakeselaborate lord of pancakes lol I genuinely find his theory interesting and plausible
Idk, they had to have thought of this already right? I think I’ve heard of a “quantum gravity” theory where gravity is a grid and that if its true it means time goes through intervals of Planck time instead of being completely continuous. Im no professional though (I still have a few more months until I’m done with high school lmao) so take what I’ve said with grains of salt.
The style is not identical (of course it should not be - times and the medium change), but these videos remind me (old as I am) of the glory days of the BBC's "Horizon" before it degenerated into CGI fuelled baby food. Brilliant and thank you.
Phenomenal video as always left a comment on one of your videos @HistoryoftheUniverse a year ago saying how these videos helped me get through the death of my mom and then best friend shortly after life is tough but a year later I’m still here I’m almost a year sober and following my passions like physics and astronomy I have a career now a wonderful girlfriend and dog and we all watch these videos now… it’s the little things like these videos, and this channel…times change life has ups and downs if your struggling right now just know things will get better, there’s always more to enjoy in life…like videos on this channel 😊
This channel and his others have brought me through some tough times, too. I'm especially glad to hear about your sobriety, and it sounds like you have a good relationship/support in your renewed life. As someone who's dealt with family members challenges, I know how important that is.
Hope you're enjoying the holidays and have an awesome New Year! ✌️😎🍀
this is fucking awesome, thanks for sharing :D
@@erinmac4750 This channel is really awesome. I always loved science and astrophysics, as and 18 year old Indian student who is very curious about the universe this channel is a blessing I always sit with a pen and paper to absorb most out of the videos... But seeing people relating these scientific videos to their personal lives and how it affects or helps them makes me really happy... Wishing you all a happy, meaningful and peaceful life ahead😊
Glad you made it through that, and sober? Monumental fam! ❤
Very coherent presentation, but the plot's still way over my head. Maybe your dog could break it down for me . . .
History of the universe series is so amazing! From the music, voice, cadence, topics, flow, everything. I always look forward to these and the production team does a great job!
thanks Collin Stuart for this masterpiece! I've subscribed to your astronomy newsletter and it's really fun to read. I wanted to ask... Can I dub this video in my native language so people of my community can enjoy this and get to know the standard model ? It's okay... If I'm not allowed to upload it on the internet. 😀
I was wondering how you regularly made such great long form science content, then I saw you had folks like Paul M. Sutter on your team and it all clicked. Keep up the great work, looking forward to the next one as always!
Inital comment of a recent subscriber knowing this channel is of many creators; You people are truly gifted. The visuals, the audio, the script, the content. Another absolutely phenomenal masterpiece of scientific communication for the average person. A God-like presentation.
COLLECTIVELY, HUMANS ARE THE NUTTTS AN BOLTTTS, SPEARHEADING THE CREATION PROCESS...
Peccato sia accessibile solo a chi conosce la lingua inglese
@@allessaPacilioenglish is the world's universal language. Get over it.
@@wizzyno1566 La ragione me la sono fatta, è la strada di impararla che non ho
What do you mean “you people” …?
“We are trying to prove ourselves wrong as quickly as possible, because only then do we make progress” - Richard Feynman
What a simple yet wonderful quote that represents how science, unlike beliefs or dogmas, improves our knowledge and capabilities regarding the universe.
Look up Copenhagen interpretation and I'm sure that you won't be able to say the same thing afterwards.
Hope they did that with vaccines..
Hmmm, saying that science isn't a belief or dogma is a bit questionable, given our current cultural climate. I've seen plenty of evidence that science is misused in much the same way that religion was in days past. Although I'm in no way religious, I would say that one should not discount belief; as it's a fundamental part of being human
Sorry, but culture and religion are irrelevant to science. Suggesting that science is being “misused” is not a problem with science, imo. But I would prefer you give some direct indications of what you mean on this point.
And in my personal opinion, beliefs are not only not important, but in many cases they are harmful. One should try not to hold beliefs. To suggest that beliefs are fundamental to being human is like suggesting that one shouldn’t wash their hands because dirtiness is fundamentally human.
@@AnnonymousPrime-ks4uf I’m quite familiar with QM interpretations. I’m not sure what your point is here. Science is science, regardless of how people interpret it, whether rightly or wrongly.
One of the better episodes lately IMO. Simply superb. Love this channel.
Thank you for everything you and your team have done on all of your channels. This one is my favourite but all of your work is fantastic. And i’m really thankful you’re providing the chance for people to watch content of this level for free on youtube. Keep up the awesome work and i hope you’re taking enough time for your health as well.
COLLECTIVELY, HUMANS ARE THE NUTTTS AN BOLTTTS, SPEARHEADING THE CREATION PROCESS... FROM 0 WE COME TO 0 WE GO.
HAVE FUN.
Absolutely perfect, I honestly can't find the words to express the absolute joy and wonder that I get from all of your videos! This one in particular is one of my favorites, I usually learn at least 1 thing from each episode, but this one has cleared up an overall misunderstanding I had regarding the weak force and Higgs field. Thank you and I can't wait for the next one!
I wish there was a dvd collection of your videos with a giant book available. I would shell out the money for something like that. Your stuff is phenomenal!
You can stream the channel playlist on any smart tv. Just a suggestion, not being rude or argumentative. This channel is fantastic right?
You could also make the DVD collection yourself, it's not like we lost the ability to burn data to DVDs
Dvds are a thing in 2023?
TMI@@kevinsayesYour first sentence was all you needed
@@AB-jk8nyyou spend a lot of time on Reddit, huh?
I may not understand or retain any of this information, but watching your videos somehow expand my knowledge even without me not knowing. In a way, your videos are refreshing to me. They make me feel so small in the universe and makes me realize how much I don’t know, but in a way, It just makes me want to learn more.
Sir, allow me to assure you, you have absolutely zero comprehension of just how little you do know.
@@martinrutley-wk5ds exactly.
It doesn't make me feel small lol quite the opposite.
Hats off to you good sir, one of the most amazing videos ive seen, the intro was phenomenal. Outstanding narration, editing and story telling, all while teaching us something. Your videos go beyond youtube, they are pure quality and will be around for a long time. The way you can inspire curiousity is amazing and Im stoked to get to witness this beauty.
Very thorough and presented in an understandable way to people with limited knowledge of the subject ❤
Excellent. You get an A+. I am 77 years old and a self-professed theoretical physicist and practicing professor of metaphysics. I wish to send a brief message that I believe builds just a wee bit atop this magnificent video. Actually, the GUT was proposed about 300 years ago by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, though insufficiently for today's ways. As I have taught history of science, both cosmologically, biologically, and sociologically over the last fifty years or so, I have leaned into this pyramid of multiple quantum field theories (I actually started with Paul Dirac and the "Sea of Dirac") and explored what I call the "true" quantum vibrational basement of Max Planck from a metaphysically historical examination of an infinite and eternal "field" of Leibniz's Monads. Perhaps, the term "monad" suggests a particle, but my research suggests that these little critters are actually ghostly triphasic and what I refer to as "W"holy Ghosts." (Yes, the W is actually for my last name and the obvious alliterative comparison of the religious symbolism as well as what we like to call "the Universe." These universally infinite and eternal little guys are simply vibrating "biodigitally" (my word) across time from appearing in a photonic phase to a gravitonic phase through a "chronotonic" phase (again, my word). Thus, we get an unmeasurably small vibration through time in the form I like to describe as a coin with two sides and a center of unmeasurable time. One side of the coin provides a "push or a shove" (photonically) upon other "monads" adjacent with it while the other side of the coin "sucks or breaths in" providing a gravitonic effect leading ultimately to "chaotic" star systems or "orderly" black holes while passing through a pyramid of quantum field levels cosmic evolution and devolution (Bully for the Buddha) as Carl Sagan once said. These events are caused by what many quantum physicists like to refer to as things like spin, color, and flavor leading to some variations of string theory. (I play the guitar just as poorly as I tell my story of metaphysical history and "cosmic evolution." I commend all who came before me on this quest for knowledge and hope that I can somehow contribute to a humanitarian view of where we came from and where we are going, along with a few suggestions on how might get there intelligently and with as little pain as possible. I sing of this next chapter in this cosmic story leading through what I envision as a "transhuman" (hopefully, not posthuman) evolutionary transformation engineered by our experience with what we like to call artificial generative intelligence (AGI). As what I like to think of as "the music of the spheres" vibrates through all eternity there will always be high notes and low notes as the beat goes on and I should note as I conclude this "relatively brief 'for me' comment, all of these vibrating monads do not vibrate "in phase" and the effects of this "wall-to-wall" vibration is the source of all symmetry (and asymmetrical effects) accounting for literally everything, and I would like to discuss this further with anyone interested in such "metaphysically theoretical proof." Alan Wright (aln)
Hello sir, I am interested in discussing Liebniz and his monadology, and your own notion of biodigotality. Thank you for the offer for dialogue.
You're a former teacher, 77 years old and you STILL don't know how to use PARAGRAPHS?
God, I fucking HATE every single one of you goddamned baby boomer assholes.
The video starts with a BetterHelp ad because it knows some of us will have an existential crisis watching this 😂
I hope they have a psychological department. 😂
A company that is known for selling their customer's confidential health information, providing unqualified and uninterested counsellors and pushing the responsibility for checking the qualifications of their counsellors on to the patients. F that company and anyone shilling for them.
Wow, this is a treat, I was already celebrating today, but now I feel like the universe is celebrating along with me. Looking forward to consuming this treat 👍
It is quite extraordinary to me that mathematical theory and equations predict something to be true that is then tested and proven to be true much later. Humans are remarkable beings.
38:35 I don’t know if anyone can answer this but I was curious why “borrowed” energy has to be returned a certain amount of “time” proportional to how much energy was borrowed. This implies that time is somehow linked to energy, but from studying relativity I cant determine whether its distance or time that is the fundamental quantity here. Time is defined by relativity to be the amount of time it takes for light to travel a specific distance, and distance is defined by relativity as the amount of distance covered by light over a set period of time, so it’s clear the two are related, and it’s also clear that since Work is Force over distance that two two quantities are very closely related to energy. If you have to give back the amount of energy borrowed after a certain time, how does this apply to the Big Bang? Did the speed of light slow down in response to the expanding of the universe for the express purpose of lengthening the time frame of the universe before its energy is returned?
This is so well done. Probably one of my favorite video of this whole year.
i love this channel, i have watched every single video multiple times, and it is such a treat whenever there is a new one - like christmas morning lol
This series is amazing and the content is unmatched - one of if not the best on this topic...truly thank you !
COLLECTIVELY, HUMANS ARE THE NUTTTS AN BOLTTTS, SPEARHEADING THE CREATION PROCESS...
🥸🥸🥸
There are errors in his videos.... Virtual particles are not what he says they are.
@@ElectronFieldPulseWhat are they then?
This was so incredibly well thought-out and put together. From a visual standpoint, as well as from an audio perspective. I hope the creators of this badass educational feat know that they have helped countless others understand very complex matters that eluded them until they sat down and finally saw this. So many concepts I previously failed to truly understand-that I wanted to understand, but the visual/educational/conceptual framework just wasn’t there for me to grasp it. Thank you, whoever you all are, for being such incredible educators.
Conservation of Spatial Curvature:
Both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature. (A string is revealed to be a twisted cord when viewed up close.)
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the constant exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. Therefore, the gluon is a synthetic particle (zero mass, zero charge) invented to explain the Strong Force. An artificial Christmas tree can hold the ornaments in place, but it is not a real tree.
String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What did some of the old clockmakers use to store the energy to power the clock? Was it a string or was it a spring?
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with some aspects of the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”, and the work of Dr. Lisa Randall on the possibility of one extra spatial dimension? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if Quark/Gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks where the tubes are entangled? (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Gluons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.
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Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Could the production of multiple writhe cycles help explain the three generations of quarks and neutrinos? If the twist cycles increase, the writhe cycles would also have a tendency to increase.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. ( Mass=1/Length )
The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge.
Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms.
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. This topological Soliton model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
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Why in the universe did I read all of this? and also did someone just post a part of his PhD based on Dirac theory here? anyway was a fun read.
Lol no dude
A massive thanks to everyone who contributed to this amazing summary of known physics. It's an absolute masterpiece! 💙
41:31
I’m just floored. I stopped the video to post my first ever yt comment to express how good this is. I have watched countless yt vids on QM but the level of detail coupled with just visually stunning graphics that helps visualize the quantum world in a way I’ve never seen before
Thank you so much for making this. I was really looking forward to field theory coming from you :)
Thank you for explaining g-factor and how it relates to magnetic dipole moment and the existence of virtual particles.
Thanks to you, I finally understand why the new measurements of the Muon moment were such big news in physics a few years back!
This channel is so good, I’m really lucky I found it and I’m grateful to the creators for taking the time and making the effort to create this quality of content. You are masters at what you do 🙇♂️
makes my brain hertz
What frequency?
Not funny..
You and your channel are among a small handful of people that can teach me complex things that stick. That's up there with the greatest of gifts in my opinion, and i suspect its why your channel is one of the fastest growing on youtube. Thankyou
Thank you for another outstanding video. You consistently outshine programs that employ a dozen or more "science communicators" After watching this I feel like I have a better grasp of the standard model and most definitely a better understanding of the conflict between general relativity and quantum mechanics. Your hard work is much appreciated and it always brightens my day whenever I see that you have released a new video. Thank you!
You can’t go wrong when you start a physics vid with Dr. Feynman.
This is one of the most astonishingly well made things I’ve ever had the pleasure of watching. Thank you
COLLECTIVELY, HUMANS ARE THE NUTTTS AN BOLTTTS, SPEARHEADING THE CREATION PROCESS...
There is an error @ 32:31 where 2P energy level is depicted lower than 2S. The 2P is higher energy than 2S and the atomic energy levels shoul be reversed in the diagram.
There's no implication of the orbitals being higher energy because they're on top
Its standard to depict higher energy orbitals above lower energy ones in such diagrams especially when the principal quantum value (2) is the same for both orbitals..@@Pope_Protein
This fills an important niche. Like lots of armchair astrophysicists, I watch Brian Greene et al, and am familiar with the current failures in modern physics along with the various approaches and opinions to improve things.
Yet I have never taken a course in particle physics, so having a greater appreciation for the barriers and work-arounds that has been so successful in getting us to the Standard Model. So Bravo--I think I'll need to watch it a second time to make sure I got the gist of it, and will look at your other episodes.
I feel so bad - I have no idea the complexity that goes into these videos; I just use them to fall asleep
This video is unbelievably good, and it’s by far my favorite video ever on UA-cam. I just watched it the first time and can’t wait to watch it again and again. I’ve seen almost every PBS space time, fermi lab, etc. they’re all amazing too, but this took all of the pieces of information I knew about QM and put it all together so that I understand it like I never quite could before.
I look forward to every single video on this channel. I must have watched all the videos a dozen times before. By far the best channel on the subject matter. Wish you get a billion subscribers, you're doing humanity a service. I would be really interested in a behind the scenes video to understand what goes into creation of such detailed and beautiful content!
I'm literally the 'It's beautiful, I've lookied at this for 5 hours now' meme with this video. Can't stop rewatching it.
I think I'm going to need to watch this one several times before I get my head around the concepts.
Just found your channel, but these sorts of topics are fascinating!
Thank you HoTU!
The new episode just made my weekend!
And Mr. Kelly's iconic narration is a treasure. I can't help but wonder how many viewers were inspired to delve into physics and astronomy because of the script and his narration.
His voice seems to either inspire or lull to sleep, depending on who you are.
@@Boneless_Chuck I think it's both. To dream, to sleep, to be.
@@Boneless_Chuck: As for myself, obsessively inspired! I just wish I discovered physics and astronomy in school in the 60's instead of playing in a damn rock and roll band for the next 30 years.
Oh, well.... It _was_ fun and there's still lots of time to learn and to know
Ahhh, no better way to start the holidays than a new HOTU video...thanks guys, love your work
"I'll only watch one"
6 hours later here I am. Cheers for the content, lad. Appreciate it.
Another banger, these videos should fill national broadcasters prime slots, rather than yet another ‘reality’ tv offering. Please keep up the great work and many thanks for your efforts.
I cannot get enough of these excellent videos on the way mankind discovers how fundamental reality operates. Brilliant minds working together, do brilliant experiments, and a lot of blackboard work.
14:26 - "Brighter light has higher waves, so they should have dislodged more electrons as they..." As an optical engineer, my skin crawls a bit at this statement. "Higher waves"? Cringe, as 'kids these days' say. The initial thinking was that brighter, or higher amplitude, electromagnetic waves should knock off more electrons because they carry more energy. More energy impinging on the electrons, the logic went, the more electrons should get knocked out of their dance with the positively charged nucleus (particularly if they acted like classical particles). The "height" as it is called here is assumedly referring to the amplitude, but their is no direct physical dimensionally to the amplitude of an electromagnetic wave, unlike, for example, the wavelength. The electric field strength and the magnetic field strength do have directionality, or polarization, but their values are measurements of the strength of the fields, not physical size. The insight that the photoelectric effect gave into quantum mechanics is that light delivers its energy in discrete quanta that carry energy proportional to the quanta or photon frequency and inversely to its wavelength. Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect was the insight that if a single lower energy quanta, or photon, couldn't liberate an electron, then the electron would not absorb any of the lower energy quanta (to bump the electron out of its orbital), and therefore it didn't matter how many lower energy photons bombarded a sample if they could not be "caught" or absorbed. This later gave insight into light spectra and quantum models of the atom, like the Bohr model. "Higher waves" sounds more like the description of a product at a dispensary.
The only fundamental physical dimension that an electromagnetic wave exhibits is wavelength. The rotation of the wave is accounted by the angle of polarization. The amplitude is expressed in field strength, which is not a spatial dimension.
Bahahaha! Thank you for this. There were a bunch of spots I wanted to weigh in on but I'm still on my first coffee and not feeling too articulate.
But then I got distracted by their awful sponsor. Your last line was hilarious and not wrong...
This has been my favorite production of yours so far. I absolutely LOVED learning about physicists/scientists I've never heard of. And as others have said, your field(s) explanation will help a ton of people learn about it as it's a very abstract concept.
I'm just about to begin another 30 hour weekend in the restaurant kitchen, I can't wait for prep time when I can listen to this beautifully made video in its entirety, thank you HotU, we love every single person that works on this!
Thanks
Blown away by the explanitory value of this programme. Best explanation of the standard model I’ve ever seen. BRAVO!
The more I watched this video, the more it seemed to me that mass is just an illusion. Everything is energy and mass is just energy trapped in a unit volume. Matter isn't real; energy is real. The physical is just how we perceive things.
That is...very much the modern scientific view of mass. Well done.
"The world is strange..." YES INDEED! Thanks for sharing your work. Greatly appreciated and know that I have been following "History of the Universe" for more years than one. Hahaha!. Keep well!
COLLECTIVELY, HUMANS ARE THE NUTTTS AN BOLTTTS, SPEARHEADING THE CREATION PROCESS... FROM 0 WE COME TO 0 WE GO.
HAVE FUN.
(paraphrasing) 51:52 "there are more half lives in a second, then there have been seconds in the universe"
These channel often trys to make unimaginable things easier to grasp, but this might be the best example.
There is a lot of useless frippery of language that does not instruct. I mean, does anyone know how many seconds there have been in the universe? Trying to explain one unimaginably large number with another one is breathtakingly ignorant in terms of teaching.
Why not load Graham's Number in there too? (if Knuth struggled with it, you know it's pointless to bring it up in a lay convo)
I do respect you saying that renormalization really is, fudging the numbers
I'm a published scientist (biology), and yet every time I watch one of your videos i learn more about physics than I did in the multitude of physics classes I've taken over the years. This video answered SOOOO MANY questions I've had for years.
Honestly, I cannot finish this episode. I've tried at least 10 times. Fall asleep within 10 minutes every time. So fascinating and so peace inducing.
I have to listen while actively doing chores. If I’m sitting down, it’s nappy time 😂
That's a strange compliment😅
I have insomnia, I'll try this. Thanks
@@k.manjericao1583 You should try some PBS space time episodes, I used them for sleeping for years lol
So full of incomprehensible explanations.
At 29:58 and ai would come up with so many explanations/theories for stuff and instantly.
And how many of those explanations would be ridiculous hallucinations?
Please forgive the ignorance, but isn't it Arnold Sommerfeld who first improved Bohr's model? And where is his place in your story? As well, would you share, where ist the place of the fine structure constant?
This one actually brought some order to my brain, struggling with quantum particles, weak, strong, electro-magnetic forces, gluons & such. The Quantum Fields make it sort of imaginable, traceable… Even, if only for the glimpse of a second, while he explains, before dissipating like the ghost particles…
I love the chess comparison- although, I don’t know chess, at all, well roughly, how the figures stand & move, and the 64 squares.
By the way… Best subscription ever… except: The Entire History of Earth, and Entire History of Human Kind. The voice, the way with the words, the HUMAN voice, the history included, the introduction/explanation of different theories, all together - brilliant!
0:14 hmmm, Angela’s video on Richard feynman. You’re welcome
This very cool for me because you are filling in gaps from time to time which is very thrilling. It is like finding that special jigsaw piece you needed. I am having my own physics and cosmology season at the moment .I must thank you very much for your very useful video.
Same.
Better help is neither. Shed them as a sponsor. It's not at all good for your reputation.
That's all fine and dandy, but you are on a science channel. How about providing some data to support your statement...
I bet you are supporting the channel with a proper Patreon membership, right?
25:44 "Atoms are actually made of wave and particles at the same time."
To avoid confusion I think it's better to say they are made of neither particles nor waves. They are a 'wave function', which is a different thing that has both properties of particles and waves but it not either of these things, it is its own unique thing. We don't ever try to deal with waves and particles when dealing with atoms, we simply use the Schrodinger equation to evolve the wave function over time.
Is there any way you could please tell me the name of the song that starts at 22:10? (Soft piano) I would really really appreciate it. Thanks for the incredible video either way!
"Music from Epidemic Sound, Artlist, Silver Maple And Yehezkel Raz."
Look in the video description for that info; in general YT requires the music used to be licensed or license-free, and the explanation of that has to be in the description.
Funny how one dose of certain mushrooms makes most people realize that everything is vibrations pretty quickly.
You can get similar effects cheaper with enough sleep deprivation, how do you think they made discoveries back then? 😂
You people are worse than vegans, my lord.
🐵 behavior.
So what you're implying is that they're truly genius to have made such discoveries without a mind altering substance
Meh psychedelics are cool but science is more cool
So basically it's turtles all the way down.
Elephants.
We are all so far removed from reality
Very enjoyable. I won't pretend I understood everything, just a few percent at best (I often have to stop and ponder for a bit), but that part about the tile on the spring setting off a wave opened my eyes completely.
No doubt I will have to rewatch this dozens of times before I understand a good deal more of it, but at last I can see how some of this relates to the formation of the Universe from the time of the Big Bang, the initial rapid rate of its expansion then, and why the slower rate expansion of the Universe is said to be speeding up again now. It makes more sense now.
Absolutely perfect. Thank you so much for this gift. I've read numerous other comments and they all express how I felt so it is already written.
I didnt understand 99.4% of what was said in this video
Me neither. And the other 0.6% I do understand about this video is that there's one other person out there who did not understand 99.4% of this video.
So I say let us march forward my good brother, comforted by the grace that we
do not fight alone in this battle to protect the sanctity of ignorance!
The battle plan is that one day their brains shall become so filled with their complex theories that they will no longer be able to comprehend the simplest concepts.
Like what's 2 plus 2... how do I tie these shoes...
and hey, what's that shiny thing?
Then we will strike!
We will butter the floors and blow bubbles in the air! And as their brains overload considering the surface tension of margarine and the diffraction patterns of soapy water, they shall stumble around aimlessly as we drink cold beer, eat cheetos and forever piss our pants in vengeful drunken laughter!
Buahaha!
Buahahahahaha!!
BBBUUUAAAHAHAHAHAHA!!!!!!
Don't let it bother you. They change the rules of the game every so often which makes all that came before obsolete.
Watch again
Me too but I have watched this over and over and every time I get one point
Well open a book for god's sake.
41:51 I had learned years ago about the fact there is so much space between electrons and protons that it made sense to me that we should be able to walk through walls and fall through objects, but we don't. Why? This moment in the video fully explains why to me. I get it now! Great video. Well presented.
COLLECTIVELY, HUMANS ARE THE NUTTTS AN BOLTTTS, SPEARHEADING THE CREATION PROCESS... FROM 0 WE COME TO 0 WE GO.
HAVE FUN.
Dirac once said "Renormalization is just a stop-gap procedure. There must be some fundamental change in our ideas, probably a change just as fundamental as the passage from Bohr's orbit theory to quantum mechanics. When you get a number turning out to be infinite which ought to be finite, you should admit that there is something wrong with your equations, and not hope that you can get a good theory just by doctoring up that number." Feynman also called renormalization' hocus-pocus'.
BEST VIDEO EVER! It should be shown and utilized to teach everyone eventually! With so clear explanations, it's really fun to learn through it.
25:00 Bohr's model of electrons like planets replaced by Dirac's model: electrons both particles and waves 27:50 spin of electrons creates a field 31:40 you don't sit in a chair, you actually float 33:30 photons and electrons are fields 35:35 no particles, just vibrating fields. Quantum field theory 36:45 QED, how light and matter interact 37:45 Hisenberg uncertainty principle
Simply amazing. The graphics used are chosen precisely right. As elusive as Gravity is for the moment, that flowing velvet near the end of the video was simply a delight for the mind while pondering the true workings behind it. I always think it's beautiful how gravity is the cherry on top of the whole system and almost acts as an arrow. Like a grand show on a stage that has to face the crowd for it to have a purpose.
Time also has it's own mysteries but for some reason makes more logical sense where gravity *feels* more like something.
Good stuff!
I've watched a lot of similar videos, usually giving up before the end. This is by far the best I have come across. Well done and thank you to everyone involved in the production of it.
As a master of science student in particule physics (and hence studying QFT), I can only bow to the quality of the content and how clear it is ! Thanks !
Thanks!
33:30 I thought the smallest possible vibration is the vacuum ground state, which is always there. We just don't notice it, because it is at constant energy everywhere, so accoding to the second law of thermodynamics it can't do any work. However in cosmology we do notice it, as it is in theory what creates tge cosmological constant, which is responsible for the accerlerated expansion of the universe (however in theory the cosmological constant should be about 10^120 timey higher, so there is something wrong with it).
Wonderful work. I found your explanation approachable and I could follow along (well, more than I usual can anyway).
Most of what you discuss goes right over my head but I find the sound of your voice soothing, sometimes even sleepable.
Beautifully done. Your documentaries are as good or better than any on mainstream TV.
33:30 I thought the smallest possible vibration is the vacuum ground state, which is always there. We just don't notice it, because it is at constant energy everywhere, so accoding to the second law of thermodynamics it can't do any work. However in cosmology we do notice it, as it is in theory what creates the cosmological constant, which is responsible for the accerlerated expansion of the universe (however in theory the cosmological constant should be about 10^120 timey higher, so there is something wrong with it).
As usual a superb video. Your channel is among the very best scientific ones on UA-cam as it is consistently precise and well documented. Remarkable work on editing and video illustrations. It is quite amazing to be able to deliver this level of quality time and time again.
JUST WOW!! This has to be one of the absolute BEST physics documentary videos I have seen in my life! (and I have seen a whole damn lot). Thank you for this wonderful production and narration!!!! Keep up the exceptional work guys!
❤
The best part of this video is the section on spin. I have struggled to understand that concept for years and that very simple explanation made it clear. Why it's not taught this way is beyond me. Thanks for clearing that up for me.
💜 I’m glad I got it right!
I had and will have this fascinating video virtually on loop, hoping that eventually I will absorb many of the higher principals and theories through inculcation and osmosis.
Imagine starting this video from exactly 54:45 minutes deep, at 3:02am in the morning after having done smoked a few.
Completely and utterly absorbing - as always and easily my favourite channel on UA-cam. Any chance of a deeper dive into String/M Theory and QLG, please? Thank you.
Thank you for singlehandedly improving the signal to noise ratio of UA-cam with a single video. Seriously.