Part 1: How Does New Genetic Information Evolve? Point Mutations
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- Опубліковано 12 вер 2024
- Support Stated Clearly on Patreon: / statedclearly
This film is the first of a two part series on the evolution of new genetic information. Here we focus on Point Mutations - the simplest natural mechanisms known to increase the genetic information of a population.
Our second film of the series will focus on duplication events - natural mutations that increase the total amount of genetic information of an individual.
This film was produced under the guidance of molecular biologist Dr. Nicholas Casewell. www.lstmed.ac.u...
Point mutations are small, natural edits in the DNA code of an individual. These edits can be passed from parent to child. Because they are mere edits, point mutations usually do not increase the total amount of information in an individual. As new information is gained, old information is lost. Point mutations do, however, increase the total amount of information within a population.
In this film you will see several examples of beneficial point mutations which have enhanced a creatures abilities or even given rise to entirely new abilities. The first two examples were directly observed in bacteria by scientists in the lab. The third is a case found in domestic dogs, the last example was discovered in several species of wild animal.
Details about mutation examples in this film, along with links to the journals cited can be found at
statedclearly.c...
As a professional motion graphics animator who specializes in information graphics, I'm very impressed by the formula you've developed for these videos. You found a way to make the design style hyper simple but still attractive and easily repeatable. You use the same tactic with the animation, keeping it to a minimum without it becoming boring and utilizing basic slides and zooms for transitions without making it look cheep. The information being well researched and explained completes the packed perfectly. Good job all around and keep up the hard work!
These type of responses are so wholesome to read :)
bro prove that ur an professoal or ur just a liar
but very whoesome text
What a co incidence i was also pondering on how he makes these videos.The drawings i guess are made on illustrator,Simple Animations on after effects and transitions and slides on premiere pro.
this is extremely helpful to watch with kids the pace is slow enough for kids to grasp it. More of these please.
Seriously, you deserve much more subscribers.
It's been months for a 7 minute video? Really? Cmon start up a Kickstarter or even a fund raiser of sorts. I want more stated clearly!
Hire more staff fam. I love these videos. Thanks for everything ☺️
If you'd like to spearhead a fundraising campaign on patreon I'd love some help.
+Stated Clearly i think you might benefit from a patreon account. let people donate for every video produced or something. I'm already throwing a few bucks at youtubers i support and i would be more than willing to do the same for this sort of content.
+Stated Clearly I wish I could. I'm only 15. But I don't see why someone else wouldn't. A pateron would be a great idea
+BoxOfCurryos yah! you got another loyal viewer here
+No Name
1) This first mover can be said to be the big bang, what came before that, we do not know, and will probably never know.
2) If we go back far enough, according to evolution, we have a common ancestor. We do not know how it originated, but possible through chemical evolution. If we go even further back, we come to the big bang, where all the energy in the universe was stored in one place. We do not know what came before that. Also, if the series were infinite (which I do not know if it is), there would not necessarily be a "first maker", because that "first maker" would also have a maker, and so on.
3) What you are talking about is the time before the big bang, where according to you, nothing existed. Truth is, we do not know what was before the big bang happened.
4) You claim that we have no standards, unless a god exists. If having standards or morals is a positive trait, evolution will tell us that it makes perfect sense to have standards or morals. I claim that a god is not required for people to judge other people. On another note, if people did use standards in terms of one true god, it would be an objective standard, and it would need to be universal, but we do not observe this to be true. People sometimes disagrees what is "good". So they must either have different gods, different versions of the same god, or simply have no god involved.
5) You claim, that everything that is "designed" has a "designer", and that this "designer" is god. I claim the designer can be explained by evolution instead of god.
TL;DR:
saying we do not know does not equal god. In all your proofs, you skip one step. You need to prove that the first mover was god. That the first maker was god. That the necessary being was god (and that the necessary was an actual being). That the most perfect being is god. And that the designer is god. You did not once, present proof for these.
I enjoy watching your videos. It's simple, understandable and fun to watch.
I'm glad you guys are still posting. I like your videos.
I now know exactly who the 2 dislikes are:
+SnoopyDoo
+truth1901
violinsheets $10 for what?
violinsheets There is a thing called "charge back", dummy.
You can just get your money back yourself...
+Digital Dirk You're so snitch!
creation.com/refuting-evolution-2-chapter-5-argument-some-mutations-are-beneficial
+Stated Clearly I did not catch entirely the reference to Behe. Behe, is an Intelligent Design (ID) advocate and its appearance in this video shocked me. Why take a prominent figure at ID to comment that discovery? has Behe recently accepted evolution? Or it's just irony?
Great video as always
Scientific accuracy doesn't hinder on the individual making the claim.
+Thomas Fitzpatrick I think you meant that backwards, its the individual that does not hinder the facts
I just commented on this before I saw yours. I think it was a sly dig at creationist Behe!
These are really good videos for classrooms and for people at home too! Our school barely teaches evolution so it's nice to learn something awesome about science. Awesome video and thanks!
just half an hour ago was re-watching your videos out of interest an you just posted a new video
cool
Sick
+Vova3iLvova please watch through my subscriptions list, inducing them to all make new videos.
you are the one.
Thanks. I love these videos. They're very helpful to the layperson who wants to get a general understanding of the concepts.
Really great video! All the work really shows. Fantastic job.
Sickle cell anemia is also is good example of point mutation. Humans which are heterozygous are somehow resistant to malaria.
Love the animations. I totally understand it taking forever. Thanks for your hard work.
This is nothing specific to this video, but to your channel, it is AWESOME!!!! Ty
Waiting for creationists who still wont get it....
look at the first comment....
+Eagle93Writer You mean like Dr.Behe (mentioned in the vid) Who beleives in common decent,but still can't wrap his head around the mechanism.So he claims a intelligent designer did it. An intelligent designer he won't name. Behe is more than competent in his field,but seems to be able to ignore the facts he is well aware of.
+Eagle93Writer lmao.... "I DON'T GET IT WHAT VERSE DOES IT SAY THIS IN!?!?"
+Julian lol
+yourfullofsheite yeah i laughed when Behe's work was mentioned, a bit ironic. "Irreducible Complexity" is his baby and he's published various pop-sci books supporting it, he's part of the well known creationist organisation "The Discovery Institute".
ps: All his points have been refuted by the scientific community.
Wow you made this so easy to understand
3:08 - Michael Behe. LOL!
Very good explanation, please keep them coming.
Come on do the next video already! I want to learn about different types of muuutaaaaatiooooons!!!
+al gore Working on it! Between now and then though, we'll be releasing a video for the Center of Chemical Evolution on the Miller Urey experiment. I'm very excited about how it has turned out!
+al gore Here's a good page on mutation www.pinterest.com/calpaldale/abnormalities/
+No Name GET OUT OF HERE YOU WHIPPERSNAPPER.
+pbaylis1 thanks!
+No Name Look. someone learned to cut and paste. Go back to finger painting and leave the science to people more suited to the task.
this is very informative and entertaining.
You're channel is so underrated
Awesome! I thought I was never going to see another video here!!
Thanks. Keep up the good work.
Thank you for stated Claire I enjoy learning and so does my old son I love that the information is clear as I suffer from learning disabilities
Frank, I have studied science for over 60 years and have read many hundreds of books, journals and publications on this issue. Everything that the video said has been scientifically proven to be 1009% false. The only reason evolutionists use only fraud and deception is because evolution has never occurred thus no honest science exists for them to use. They want a reason to pretend that there is no just God who will judge their selfish way of living.
@@danminer5343 I hope someday you stop being a liar
Very nice video! Have you ever considered adding background music to this video? It could have made the tone a bit less serious.
These are such great videos and beautifully animated. I can't say it better than that the information....is stated clearly lol.
A very accessible way to learn about evolution.
Thank you for those crystal clear vids guys ;)
My only complaint is, this was too short. Parts 1 & 2 could easily have been made as a single video. This content is excellent for kids from 1st grade through highschool Bio 101.
Patreon, no?
I'm just throwing my money but nobodies taking it. :(
I'm still trying to get that all set up. I'd love help if you have experience.
2:06 best part of the video right there
Please make videos on other topics mentioned in the video 🤗
boy kent hovind really needs to watch this/these videos
Good video.
thank you for these videos 💚
Amazing as expected, thx again dudes.
Great Video! Helps me lot to understand the topic
Great video, you're one of my best science channels on UA-cam , but guys you need to make more videos, like weekly .. Thank you for your efforts (:
+Fadi Franso
animated videos like these are really time consuming (i'm also an animator.) to put out a video like this in one week would be a death wish.
+Dori C I'm with you in that, but I said that because English isn't my native language, so the Scientific words aren't easy for me, so with a video like this it would be much easier to understand.. Thanks for your opinion (:
finally, it's been forever
Amazing video!
I love these videos!! Make more guys!!
Awesome animations brother
Keep it up
I've just met this chanel and I realy like all the vídeos.
Can you please send the PowerPoint presentation for this animation to use for teaching calss
Please please add real English captioning (not the auto-generated)! I love using your videos in my biology classes but they work much better with captions. I have a lot of English language learners and a lot of noisy chatting during videos and good captions help a lot.
wonderfully simple - thank you
I think a part 3 would be cool to see
Most excellent!
Love it. Keep these vids coming
Thanks for posting the video... I'm off to watching part II now, because in this one, I heard about mutation events discovered and recorded, but not "how new information evolves". I watched this two and three times and hear that the event recorded is labeled as "point mutations", but I was really hoping to hear how.
Did you find the information that you were looking for?
If not maybe this might help - Point mutations are modifying a gene to do a different task, that counts as new genetic information. That gene is now Coding for a different task, a new task, therefore it’s new genetic information.
Great video...I always include your videos into my lessons. My students love them too!!!
WHICH PROGRAM YOU USE IN THE MONTAGE PLZZZ
Great work!!
Very informative, thank you
your videos are beautiful,such good explanations
wow you got a ton of art work in these videos. How does it all pay off?
People breaking down because of the Behe citation. I can see how "easy" it must be for an ID proponent to get listened. Congrats for that channel for having the guts to cite him, unlike most others.
Your irony meter must be broken. For a leading ID proponent to have to admit that random mutations can create new function is a bit embarrassing for all the ID proponents who say it can't happen.
The one time Behe didn't lie, and he is paid to lie by Discovery Institute.
No intellectually honest and non self deceiving person thinks that Discovery Institute isn't purposefully lying and deceiving people.
1:37 this is for me (taking notes)
I love your videos. Some feedback though: your voice sounds dry and dead, monotone and boring. Maybe a tiny change in tone or pace can make your videos more appealing?
+Haran Yakir I am sure you are a genius that make awesome videos that get millions of views?
Conrad Bo
What's up with people taking every tiny bit of constructive criticism as some kind of personal attack and going all defensive?
Sorry, but Jet fuel can't melt steal beams.
+Jaccobtw What if it softened them enough for the towers to collapse under their own weight?
+Jaccobtw
What are steal beams? Are they beams that steal things? Or are they beams you've stolen? Or beams that you can steal?
*steel lol
Jaccobtw
Okay then.
You were joking, right? It's hard to tell sometimes. About the steel beams, I mean.
Very informative, keep it up
so then whats the difference between dogs that have traits desirable for cold weather(husky,saint Bernard,malamute)and the original domestic dog breeds,? or were k9s strictly a warm weather species before human interaction?
Hey another video! Great!!
Can you turn the option to add custom subtitles? I can translate it to Turkish.
Excellent videos
Thank you, I have a question, Where are the genes that make the heart or the ear?
What program do you use to create the animations?
+mk17173n Adobe Flash is where I do most of the animation work. Some parts have also been done in After Effects and Blender.
+Stated Clearly do you do your own artwork?
+mk17173n Yes, if you look in the credits at the end of each animation you will see that illustrations are done by several team members.
I really do think you all should set up a Patreon for a per video system. Or monthly, if you feel like it.
Can't wait
so cool and epic zaddy
Why is it that mutation though radiation generally leads to cancer? Is it a different type of mutation which is more destructive or something?
I'm not an expert, but the basics is that it causes accelerated cell growth where it shouldn't be, while mutations are integrated into the genome properly.
How doe one gene is separated from the other. In other words, how does cell know where one gene ends and the other gene starts? Are there some markers?
Certain combinations of bases (called codons) act like start and stop markers.
ATG = Start
TGA, TAG, or TAA = Stop
How did the DNA code originate? The code is a sophisticated language system with letters and words where the meaning of the words is unrelated to the chemical properties of the letters-just as the information on this page is not a product of the chemical properties of the ink (or pixels on a screen). What other coding system has existed without intelligent design? How did the DNA coding system arise without it being created?
This video is about evolution, not about the origin of the genetic code. They quite explicitly state that we don't know exactly how the genetic code originated. That means we don't know the whole explanation with certainty. Origin of Life/abiogenesis studies is a thriving scientific field, and we're learning more all the time. If you're interested, I highly suggest looking into it.
We do have some good hypotheses. Intelligent design isn't one of them though, because it has no evidence. The RNA world hypothesis is one way it could have come about, and there are many other possibilities. Intelligent design is simply creationism, a religious viewpoint without any evidence to show that it's even possible, and thus it is not one of the possible scientific explanations.
The genetic code is not really a language in the sense that you mean, no intelligent animals speak or read it with the purpose of communication. But even then, languages do evolve and can even come about spontaneously, without any intelligent designer (one example being sign languages, which are created spontaneously by deaf kids trying to interact with each other.) Although they are used by intelligent animals, they were not designed in the same way as, say, a car is. So, there's no reason to assume that the genetic code was, either.
The best way I, a non-biologist, can explain it:
At the risk of dumbing it down a bit, you should realize that the only thing needed for evolution to take place is for something (in this case, a molecule's structure) to be copied, in some sense. The first self-catalyzing molecules would have been so simple that they could arise by chance, they wouldn't have even technically have been alive. But, their structures would be copied, mistakes would be made, and so evolution would occur. According to the RNA world hypothesis, these molecules were RNA. One study done at the University of Tokyo literally just put some RNA in water and watched it evolve, proving that it is possible. And DNA is transcribed by RNA, and DNA and RNA code for proteins. This is how life probably came about, although there is certainly still more to learn.
That makes perfect sense. Despite that fact you're still going to hear people say "No new genetic information!".
because thats their chant they must repeat so that can start believing its true.
@@spatrk6634 Lol. ikr. "If I just say it enough maybe it'll be true."
@@PaulTheSkeptic Sounds like darwinisme.
@@seal9390
Creationism is factually deficient.
4:06 That Collie makes me think of Beast Jesus.
Anyway, I'm looking forward to your next video.
good work
EVEN WHILE STUDYING BIOLOGY LOGAN HAS TO APPEAR SOMEWHERE SMH I WANNA WATCH THE MOVIE SO BAD
Thanks for this
i love your channel
Is that Michael Behe of Irreducible Complexity fame?!
Again, absolutely brilliant. Thank you for posting.
Awsome ... thanks.
Great work, i really enjoyed watching. Can you do one on evolutionary biology/psychology please.
Tanx john
Add captions,please.
As a teacher who uses your videos on platforms like Edpuzzle to embed questions for students, I would love it if you could upload a video that includes part 1 and part 2 of the "How does new genetic information evolve?" series together. This would allow me to splice together the parts I need from both parts for various student groups and levels. Thanks for the consideration.
Providing excellent results and being an excellent source are two different things. Your video mentioned only slightly what usually happens, which is the largely brushed over typical problems arising from point mutations.
i ve heard a few things...one, genetic info is not suppose to increase. but also, there are no definite changes to make a new species in dna changes. yes, there is micro mutations, as in bacteria. but not a change in ie. species. now, i m not an expert, but i think it is important to note this. this is showing changes in bacteria...ie micro changes.]
And all these beneficial mutations they are talking about are not constructive mutations (mutations that add a new system) which they need to prove their claim.
@@KingKing-ny2ew
Every time puppy variants are born in a litter it is "new genetic information." duh
@@toserveman9317 No it's not.
@@KingKing-ny2ew
Go look up Claude Shannon and "information theory."
@@toserveman9317 A new information in DNA will literally translate to protein and mutations like this don't exist and if I am wrong prove it.
hay I have question here I kind of understand the evolution but there is something been bothering me I know that mutations is random but weather thy stay or not that is for the natural selection to deiced so (why the mutation is so precise and some times it's exactly what the creature needs like the example you showed about that protein pumps it's the exact thing the snake need to eat that frog but how it's random and it show in three creature who really wanted ,if it was random those animals could pass through many different things and possibly never gone through this the amount of information could change at random and yet get some thing that the creature need is difficult for me to understand) does any body have an idea !?
Three things make this possible.
1) These predators have been living along side toads for millions of years, meaning there is a lot of time for mutations to play around in.
2) Thousands (in some cases millions) of individuals are born each year, meaning there is a lot of space each year for mutations to play in.
3) In this case, several different mutations are capable of changing the pump's shape. This means that the chances of stumbling upon mutations that work are fairly high.
+Stated Clearly thanks very much you are indeed the best evolution channel on UA-cam yes when I add those 3 reasons it looks more probable for random mutation to have a such nonrandom result , huh so it all come back to natural selection at the end, cool
but still some species don't have such a huge amount of new borne individuals every year like humans and yet we are the most complicated one right ? isn't something that have small life spam and an unbelievable numbers born should be on totally different level like the fruit fly
+MrMaestro321 _we are the most complicated one right ?_
Wrong.
will fine we may not be the most complicated (no thanks to your wonderful intelligent answer) but what I meant if really the numbers of new individuals of a species is the most powerful ingredient for evolving then the fruit fly at least should evolve a lot and got great new function and ability from when it first mentions in history but there description look similar to our current fly
MrMaestro321
No need to get passive-aggressively pissy just because someone tells you you're wrong. Try to be a little more mature than that.
Regardless, you seem to be under the impression that fruit flies, by now, should have jet-powered flight and be able shoot lasers from their eyes, or something. A valid question, and here's the short answer: little or no pressure to change means little or no change. What is meant by "pressure"? Environmental pressures - changes in the environment, and the ecological niches therein.
Selection happens as a "response" to environmental pressures. For all intents and purposes, the ecological niche of the fruit fly has remained unchanged, or little changed, for pretty much as long as there have been fruit flies. .
If there were enough of a change in the fruit fly's environment so as to threaten its existence, then the high rate of reproduction and accompanying mutations would come in to play. Some of those mutations might help it continue to reproduce in the new environment. But that's just a possibility, not a guarantee. That's one reason why species go extinct.
I hope that made sense. I'm neither a teacher, nor the most articulate person in the world.
I am a proponent of evolution but theres one thing that puzzles me. How do mutations create a new species that can no longer bred with the species it mutated from. Also wouldnt there have to be a large population of a new species in order for that new species to survive.
+mk17173n Speciation events happen in several different ways. One which seems to be relatively common is called allopatric speciation. When a population is split in two (say a group of elephants get separated from the main population due to a wrong turn during migration), mutations in the two populations will continue to accumulate but will never be shared due to the lack of intermixing. If that separation is maintained long enough, differences will become so great that when they come in contact with each other again, they either won't recognize each other as potential mates, or they will be physically incompatible for successful mating.
This series of articles is pretty good on the topic: evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evo_40
+Stated Clearly thanks for your reply. So essentially its a cumulative process resulting in a population eventually branching off. It still astonishes me that the answer to how living things got here is essentially from chemical reactions. To think that the elements that compose this planet and us came from a star dying.
+mk17173n Typically they still can interbreed, at least for the first several million years, like coyotes and wolves can interbreed, but they generally don't unless conditions are changed due to (generally human) circumstances. Red wolves and timber wolves do not naturally mate with coyotes, but when the population of red wolves in the souther US was drastically reduced due to hunting, and coyotes spread throughout the country, hybridization took place. Another example is tigers and lions which will mate in captivity, but Asian lions and tigers do not interbreed in the wild.
+Stated Clearly You're aware that allopatric speciation is a theory right? Stop giving out theories as facts. You seem to keep doing that in all your videos and the youtube community aren't non the wiser.
+Nuke Roch You are confusing facts with explanations of facts. Whether we fully understand a phenomenon does not negate that phenomenon. The fact that we do not fully understand how something works,, be it evolution or even gravity, does not negate the phenomenon.
My wife doesn't have 20k genes. She has 20k shoes.
Does this explain how the length of genome is increased ?
No. He explained that. That's caused by duplication mutations.
I thought Micheal Behe was A *Intelligent* *Design* (aka Creationism) advocate?
+dynamics007 He is. Just because you have one delusional belief doesn't mean you can't contribute to science in some valid way. Look at Newton and alchemy.
+dynamics007 He is, but his assessment of what's going on is still valid. The difference is that he claims that this is the furthest extent of mutation, and that duplication events, etc. don't work well enough to explain all of the diversity of life that we see. He (incorrectly) thinks that the various forms of mutation are insufficient for evolution to work. He's a proponent of Irreducible Complexity (the incorrect idea that some structures are too complex to have evolved naturally), even though it's so debunked that his own biology department issued a statement rejecting it (and Intelligent Design as a whole).
If i had to guess, they didn't have any problems with citing him because it's a quote about a vague nontechnical term, not a scientific claim.
That proves how much you know shit about ID HAHAHAHAH.
(Aka Kiss my ass)
But the size of our brain is not controlled by a single gene.
Right, and humans didn't evolve in one giant leap.
Correct spelling plssss
Turkish subtitle please
Hello, all of the mutations in the videos are quite small (likely the change of one amino acid or something) and do not really show how new complex proteins could have evolved. can you give any examples of a new type of functional protein can emerge from point mutations?
+paramecium protist, we have a video on how new genes evolve here: ua-cam.com/video/G4VINRUe_o4/v-deo.html&lc=z13yspmggrj1zfs3f22xvxtgvq2wvhcp104
That video goes over gene duplication followed by point mutations. If you want to go further than our two videos in your studies, I recommend reading a bit on "de novo genes" which is the study of how coding genes emerge from what were previously non-coding regions of DNA. The study of de novo genes is very new, most papers on the subject just came out last year: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4383367/
I'll probably wait a few years for more hypothesis on de novo gene origination to be tested before doing a Stated Clearly video on the topic.
+Stated Clearly Thank you, I'd really like to see a video on de novo genes in the future :)
Two simple questions for creationists:
Is practicing genetics based on, secular science (e.g. new information evolving)
or is it based on creation science (new information can never evolve)?
And what did they teach the students before they became geneticists, secular science or creation science?
Thx 🧐
Am I the only one that clicked just because of Wolverine