How Mendel's pea plants helped us understand genetics - Hortensia Jiménez Díaz

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  • Опубліковано 11 бер 2013
  • View full lesson: ed.ted.com/lessons/how-mendel-...
    Each father and mother pass down traits to their children, who inherit combinations of their dominant or recessive alleles. But how do we know so much about genetics today? Hortensia Jiménez Díaz explains how studying pea plants revealed why you may have blue eyes.
    Lesson by Hortensia Jiménez Díaz, animation by Cinematic Sweden.

КОМЕНТАРІ • 1,2 тис.

  • @keybawn
    @keybawn 2 місяці тому +185

    Anyone here 2024?

  • @Shadow-nr4op
    @Shadow-nr4op 4 роки тому +2186

    Anybody here for online classes?

  • @dhavalghone9398
    @dhavalghone9398 9 років тому +2514

    forget genetics, I love the way peas dance...

  • @kikiscatto4826
    @kikiscatto4826 3 роки тому +606

    Bruh my teacher asked “Why did Mendel use peas for his experiment?”
    The answer was “because they have 7 different traits and thus more variations”
    I answered “Because they are cheap” 😭😭😭

    • @herhangibirisi8419
      @herhangibirisi8419 3 роки тому +36

      That’s also true as our teacher said

    • @Guachimolete
      @Guachimolete 3 роки тому +6

      Bruh

    • @kikiscatto4826
      @kikiscatto4826 3 роки тому +7

      @@Guachimolete exactly 💀

    • @acertainpigeonman9064
      @acertainpigeonman9064 3 роки тому +49

      I mean you’re not wrong. Mendel chose peas because they were readily available and could easily be bred

    • @kikiscatto4826
      @kikiscatto4826 3 роки тому +14

      @@acertainpigeonman9064 yeh but our teacher is the "I want bookish language" type

  • @gbrval
    @gbrval 4 роки тому +1726

    Lets be honest....
    All of our teachers made us watch this

  • @sirswagger21
    @sirswagger21 4 роки тому +421

    95% of comments: Who's here b/c of their teachers during quarantine
    4.9% of comments: The graphics are cute
    0.1% of comments: This comment

  • @Carito680
    @Carito680 8 років тому +776

    Wow!! If everything was explained like this with cute graphics everything would be so much easier! Thank you so much!

  • @josephiacovino8632
    @josephiacovino8632 2 роки тому +153

    btw - If your teacher is having you do any dyhybrid crosses (2 or even more traits) you do not have to make some ridiculously massive, and likely error-ridden, punnett square. Simply take each trait and do a monohybrid cross. Then take that fraction and multiply it with the other trait's monohybrid cross. Example: Let's say the chance to get yy for a genotype was 1/4 in your 1st square, and then your chance to get Rr was 2/4 (note not to reduce) in the 2nd square, then your chance to get yyRr = 1/4 * 2/4 = 2/16
    This works for phenotypes to, just be careful to add the fractions before multiplying when appropriate... like this:
    RR = Round
    Rr = Round
    rr = wrinkled
    If we had Genotype probability of RR = 1/4, Rr = 2/4, and rr = 1/4 then remember we have the PHenotype probability of
    3/4 = Round... because the 1/4 from RR + 2/4 from Rr = 3/4;
    while wrinkled is still just 1/4 from the rr

    • @rockybalboa4038
      @rockybalboa4038 2 роки тому +3

      @@MarvinLiyanage While we potters are pickin' these stuff up and tryin' it out.(i had literally ransacked the web for half -blood price-ish guide for chemistry practicals. if you got anythin' to recommend please help me by recommending, if pdf version is available online then it would be even better )

    • @lifewithnisi2739
      @lifewithnisi2739 Рік тому +1

      Bruh

  • @xolilardtard4293
    @xolilardtard4293 8 років тому +646

    peas are having an affair "you cheated on meee"

    • @andrew17s
      @andrew17s 8 років тому +1

      +StudDawgShiba Lol

    • @owlblocksdavid4955
      @owlblocksdavid4955 7 років тому +14

      They also did incest with each other... Also, didn't everyone discredit mendel, so we had to learn it all again? And then we dug him back up? It was less him that led to our genetics, and more us realizing he did it first.

    • @Leotique
      @Leotique 7 років тому +2

      but they are siblings anyway...that would have been morally correct.

    • @maggiemadonna6127
      @maggiemadonna6127 6 років тому

      yes, that was what I was thinking when they were pointing at each other

    • @raisa_cherry33
      @raisa_cherry33 5 років тому

      hahahaha x'D

  • @kaitlynheckman7320
    @kaitlynheckman7320 4 роки тому +496

    anybody else here bc the world decided it CORONA TIME

    • @cyndrillis1605
      @cyndrillis1605 4 роки тому

      You know it!

    • @gigiedits3978
      @gigiedits3978 4 роки тому +2

      @@cyndrillis1605 Me too... my teacher be like... ehh... i wanna torture my students with a bunch of work todayk

    • @NikolasAbbotts
      @NikolasAbbotts 4 роки тому

      yep

    • @ItsJJOLO
      @ItsJJOLO 4 роки тому

      At least it’s a decent video

    • @NokiasLvr
      @NokiasLvr 4 роки тому

      Me

  • @judethompson2071
    @judethompson2071 2 роки тому +56

    I messed about for a large portion of school but I’ve been revising over and over again and videos like this are really going to help me accomplish the large task of becoming a general practitioner

  • @giop348
    @giop348 4 роки тому +240

    Who is here only to see if someone has the answers that your teacher asked you in online classes?

    • @obaid9834
      @obaid9834 3 роки тому +1

      Why do they ask it if we have to get it in UA-cam
      Why

    • @crazzygoodatvenge6775
      @crazzygoodatvenge6775 3 роки тому +1

      XD

    • @giop348
      @giop348 3 роки тому +5

      8 months later and I still ain't got no answers 😔😔😔 well now I'm face to face.

    • @crazzygoodatvenge6775
      @crazzygoodatvenge6775 3 роки тому +2

      @@giop348 XD

  • @idkwhattonamemychannel4291
    @idkwhattonamemychannel4291 3 роки тому +80

    8 year old me looking at 0.16: I knew babies were made by kissing

  • @MayBird...
    @MayBird... Рік тому +19

    That is so crazy, who knew that peas were so interesting? I'm addicted to watching kids science videos.

  • @phoe8523
    @phoe8523 Рік тому +15

    Gregor Mendel. One of the forgotten geniuses of mankind just rediscovered later on.
    His discoveries changed the world. He managed to figure out genetics long before someone understood what it actually was.

  • @xiaochaoyu2427
    @xiaochaoyu2427 3 роки тому +70

    Q: Why did Mendel always oppose war?
    A: He thought we should give peas a chance.
    lmaooooo

    • @xiaochaoyu2427
      @xiaochaoyu2427 3 роки тому +5

      ha ha lol

    • @miguelventura2190
      @miguelventura2190 3 роки тому +1

      omg wow so random funny and quirky haha

    • @user-mx7mk3wq5b
      @user-mx7mk3wq5b 3 роки тому +1

      WE ALL LIKE YOUR COMMENT UPVOTE UPVOTE, MAKE IT UPVOTE Спасибо за использование бота и хакерского сервиса Дмитрия. обновите до премиум, чтобы удалить этот водяной.

    • @user-nr6rj4ew3p
      @user-nr6rj4ew3p 3 роки тому +1

      THER IS ONE IMPOSTER AMONG YOUR BIOLOGY CLASS THAT IS SENDING THESE COMMENTS. WHO DO YOU THINK THE IMPOSTER IS? Символ_U+1F914 Спасибо за использование бота и хакерского сервиса Дмитрия.

    • @user-lz7bq7du6t
      @user-lz7bq7du6t 3 роки тому +1

      EXIST BE 1 IMP0STER AM0NG Y0UR BIOL0GT CLASS THAT IS SEND1NG THESE C0MM3NTS. WH0 D0 Y0U THINK THE IMP0STER IS? Символ_U+1F914 Спасибо за использование бота и хакерского сервиса Дмитрия.

  • @ze_us9247
    @ze_us9247 8 років тому +452

    i am going to do the pea dance infront of my teacher after i pass my Bio exam ...hahaahahahah..jkjk
    EDIT: (July 2020) lol it's been four years and i would like to say...i have passed that exam🤣 (in fact i am now in a medical college) *pea dancing *

  • @cacutusedits113
    @cacutusedits113 6 місяців тому +5

    Animator was definitely having the day of his life! Keep up the great work!

    • @sharq7275
      @sharq7275 4 місяці тому

      what do you mean? no no no, he wasnt we was tired

  • @mrjixk
    @mrjixk 9 років тому +257

    Yay I can pass my bio quiz tomorrow now, thanks!

    • @pop22pop22
      @pop22pop22 9 років тому +6

      Karmagician did you pass?

    • @sandrosixarulidze398
      @sandrosixarulidze398 8 років тому +3

      +pop22pop22 it seems that not, he failed and was baned from pc for some time :D i don't think you can pass exam just by watching youtube, otherwise everybody would've been Einsteins and Teslas :D

    • @mrjixk
      @mrjixk 8 років тому +9

      +pop22pop22 I C'd it but got this question right. I call it a pass.

    • @quieres8614
      @quieres8614 5 років тому +1

      Sandro I think that my exam results say otherwise ;)

    • @BumanHeing
      @BumanHeing 5 років тому +2

      Interesting fact:
      You know Gregor Mendel formulated the laws of inheritance namely law of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment and Charles Darwin studied the evolutionary patterns in species by natural selection aka 'survival of the fittest' but Darwin could not work out the mechanism....it is ironic that he could have done so if he could have seen the significance of the experiments of the Austrian contemporary Mendel...but then too mendel did not notice his!!

  • @saram995
    @saram995 8 років тому +177

    Such Cute animation ...

  • @CalvinDilbert
    @CalvinDilbert 8 років тому +12

    Gregor Mendel was a hero. A genius. He was the father of genetics. We are standing on the shoulders of giants.

  • @mirabshabbir5176
    @mirabshabbir5176 3 роки тому +28

    Love the way you explained this! So informative yet so entertaining!

  • @lisejl
    @lisejl 8 років тому +20

    im reviewing this for my test tmw and all i can think of is how adorable dancing peas are

  • @farhanabegum4707
    @farhanabegum4707 4 місяці тому +7

    Who is here for school?

    • @kurdt444
      @kurdt444 Місяць тому +1

      Έλληνας είσαι?

  • @ambreenfatima5258
    @ambreenfatima5258 6 років тому +6

    Medel's experiment represented so adorably 😍

  • @Anaonfire
    @Anaonfire 3 роки тому +4

    Much easier to understand than 20 pages of a textbook with big words. thank you!

  • @tanitat2069
    @tanitat2069 9 років тому +50

    THIS WAS AN AMAZING VIDEO!! IT WAS SOOO CUTE AND EASY TO UNDERSTAND! NOW EVERY TIME I READ MY BORING TEXT BOOK I JUST IMAGINE THOSE CUTE LITTLE PEAS TO MAKE THE CONCEPT CLEARER!!

    • @tanitat2069
      @tanitat2069 9 років тому +4

      OH AND THE NARRATION WAS EXCELLENT!!

    • @bassic4960
      @bassic4960 6 років тому

      HEY CAN YOU CALM DOWN?
      *IM JUST 13 AND I MEMORIZED EVERYTHING ABOUT BIOLOGY*
      im lying :))))

    • @kookieswifeu6333
      @kookieswifeu6333 6 років тому

      BΔSS LOVER _lol_

  • @gracie8558
    @gracie8558 8 років тому +249

    My teacher made me watch this.

  • @yasminzakieh1343
    @yasminzakieh1343 9 років тому +6

    Helped me so much understanding the lesson that is included in my final exam, the lesson that I tried so hard understanding but I never could! Thank you so much.

  • @gracecuevas8461
    @gracecuevas8461 4 роки тому +6

    Really wonderful. I am going to use it with my students as a review module!

  • @giyus_only.wife123
    @giyus_only.wife123 4 місяці тому +1

    you just helped me understand a topic we were talking about in class and we had a test about it tomorrow

  • @ganjaalex6143
    @ganjaalex6143 6 років тому +3

    I didn't understand this in 3 hrs when taught in the class.
    Got it in 3 mins when watching TED-ED's video.
    👌

  • @sammylee1895
    @sammylee1895 8 років тому +8

    OMG this helped me so much on my Biology paper! Thanks for the help!!

    • @BumanHeing
      @BumanHeing 5 років тому +1

      Sammy Lee...today was my science exam...glad I watched this in the morning

  • @just_a_saeu88
    @just_a_saeu88 9 років тому +11

    man!! mendel and his peas!! so adorable!!!made prepping for my Bio exam a lot more fun lolz

  • @disneyfan4ever956
    @disneyfan4ever956 9 років тому +45

    This is a great video!! Love the animation and how it was educational, yet fun to watch at the same time.

  • @candyapple5039
    @candyapple5039 4 роки тому +6

    If your here for the answer (mine being multiple choice )go to these time point 0:44 0:56 1:19 1:49

  • @Btsarmy-ng1pl
    @Btsarmy-ng1pl 5 років тому +3

    The animations never fail to entertain me!

  • @cannyweng8684
    @cannyweng8684 6 років тому +5

    Thanks for the video!! I think it really helps me a lot! And it really does because of the heterozygous pea! It was SO CUTE and HILAROUS!!

  • @tarasalley7075
    @tarasalley7075 5 років тому +1

    this is one of my favorite videos to use with my students!!

  • @lasshapafford
    @lasshapafford 6 років тому +1

    This video is so helpful that I had to watch this more than 10 times

  • @hamoodi120
    @hamoodi120 8 років тому +18

    thanks a lot tomorrow is my biology test wish me luck 🙌

  • @Dastweeper
    @Dastweeper 11 років тому +3

    Loved this TEDed. Good delivery, better animation. Lovely.

  • @TheKishxl2
    @TheKishxl2 11 років тому +2

    I love when these fit right into what I'm learning at school.

  • @persistent_45
    @persistent_45 4 роки тому +1

    Good graphics and pity clearly understanding

  • @xxxhottestofallxxx
    @xxxhottestofallxxx 11 років тому +3

    You guys taugh this entire lesson of genetics better than my bio teacher. Thank you so much

    • @anantthakur8102
      @anantthakur8102 Рік тому +1

      hey @Daya Lopez remember this video you watched about peas and genetics 9 years ago

  • @zoe9146
    @zoe9146 4 роки тому +31

    I hate my bio class that’s why I’m here

  • @JohnnyMontilla
    @JohnnyMontilla Рік тому +1

    I learned about this in class!

  • @bubble4770
    @bubble4770 5 років тому

    best learning channel ever
    i was unable to understand this topic from my book,teacher and other videos on you tube by this video really helped

  • @andrewjustin256
    @andrewjustin256 Рік тому +5

    1:38 That really cracked me up!! I wish every school, teacher and student make study appealing by cute, awkward yet rejoicing teaching and learning styles. Keep cracking up the world TED-ED!

  • @TahooraHashmi
    @TahooraHashmi 8 років тому +49

    the peas reminded me of the cartoon Ostwald

  • @muller9191
    @muller9191 9 місяців тому +1

    Hello in my science class I really wish we could’ve learned it from this video because it would’ve made more sense having visuals instead of just like talking about it.
    I love the artwork whoever drew this is very good and it’s so cute!!

  • @alaaalhaddad2852
    @alaaalhaddad2852 6 років тому

    Thank you now you guys helped me alot to prepare for my bio quiz tomorrow.

  • @lizzetharaiza6289
    @lizzetharaiza6289 6 років тому +3

    This is very educational and helpful i love it!😀

  • @irawinniewijaya2647
    @irawinniewijaya2647 7 років тому +4

    the animation is so funny. seriously i died at 1:04 bc the mom seems to think that the dad cheat on her or something😂😂😂

  • @mahaylahelliott4965
    @mahaylahelliott4965 3 роки тому +1

    College student here this kept me engaged and learning haha, love the animation!

  • @jazzyxox6563
    @jazzyxox6563 8 років тому +1

    I love this so much! Laranja learnt a lot too! Thanks!

  • @siyumikumarasinghe2952
    @siyumikumarasinghe2952 5 років тому +3

    Super explanation! Thank you!

  • @LofiMarvelVibes
    @LofiMarvelVibes 6 років тому +6

    Thanks! Now i understand it!

  • @emojevbeakpede1578
    @emojevbeakpede1578 5 років тому

    OMG ! You talk REAL FAST, Rose ! CLEARLY, you know all this from front to back & back to front !
    GOOD ON YER !
    BEST REGARDS !

  • @sharonmatthews8193
    @sharonmatthews8193 7 років тому +6

    Ms. Diaz, not only is your animation informative, it is very entertaining.

  • @djtkdmaster1
    @djtkdmaster1 10 років тому +5

    What a great video. Good job with the topic, The explanation and of course the animation was great. Thank you.

    • @anantthakur8102
      @anantthakur8102 Рік тому

      hey @David Johns remember this video you watched about peas and genetics 8 years ago

  • @Miss_Prowlheart
    @Miss_Prowlheart 4 роки тому +3

    Thank you for this
    I learned more in 3 minutes from this video than in the hours of class last week

  • @MsSBVideos
    @MsSBVideos 8 років тому +13

    Cute animation, nice work.

  • @charlene4688
    @charlene4688 7 років тому +3

    Why did the mother go crazy at 1:40 ?! hahaha the peas are so cute and this video is so informative thanks :)

  • @ananth1goku
    @ananth1goku 11 років тому +14

    "Kiss=babies!
    Nice concept.
    Will be uploading this patch in the near future"
    -God.

    • @mxstila6220
      @mxstila6220 3 роки тому +1

      How does this comment have no replies, it been 8 years

  • @OliviaJohnsonthevelocifraptor
    @OliviaJohnsonthevelocifraptor 9 років тому +150

    thanks! great video! but in my opinion i think she read a little too fast.... she should have slowed down a little more.

    • @cannyweng8684
      @cannyweng8684 6 років тому +11

      There is one easy thing to do to solve your problem which is to make the video go at the speed of 0.75! That's all you need to do!

    • @mergawinabi2842
      @mergawinabi2842 6 років тому +13

      Canny Weng his comment is 3 years old,
      They didn't have that kind of technology back then

    • @monishkakaushal6040
      @monishkakaushal6040 4 роки тому +1

      I dont have it even by now😑😑😑

    • @uttkarshtewari2532
      @uttkarshtewari2532 4 роки тому +1

      @@monishkakaushal6040 how not? are on an old version of the app?

    • @gbrval
      @gbrval 4 роки тому +2

      @@mergawinabi2842 they did if they were on apple or pc youtube

  • @trinitymilagro9155
    @trinitymilagro9155 5 років тому

    This video was so helpful. Thank you

  • @paultouma5464
    @paultouma5464 10 років тому +2

    A compendium of recent theoretical results associated with using higher-order statistics in signal processing and system theory is provided, and the utility of applying higher-order statistics to practical problems is demonstrated. Most of the results are given for one-dimensional processes, but some extensions to vector processes and multichannel systems are discussed. The topics covered include cumulant-polyspectra formulas; impulse response formulas; autoregressive (AR) coefficients; relationships between second-order and higher-order statistics for linear systems; double C(q,k) formulas for extracting autoregressive moving average (ARMA) coefficients; bicepstral formulas; multichannel formulas; harmonic processes; estimates of cumulants; and applications to identification of various systems, including the identification of systems from just output measurements, identification of AR systems, identification of moving-average systems, and identification of ARMA systems

    • @jeremydoowage5095
      @jeremydoowage5095 10 років тому +1

      A revolution (from the Latin revolutio, "a turn around") is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time. Aristotle described two types of political revolution:
      Complete change from one constitution to another
      Modification of an existing constitution.[1]
      Revolutions have occurred through human history and vary widely in terms of methods, duration, and motivating ideology. Their results include major changes in culture, economy, and socio-political institutions.
      Scholarly debates about what does and does not constitute a revolution center around several issues. Early studies of revolutions primarily analyzed events in European history from a psychological perspective, but more modern examinations include global events and incorporate perspectives from several social sciences, including sociology and political science. Several generations of scholarly thought on revolutions have generated many competing theories and contributed much to the current understanding of this complex phenomenon.
      Contents
      1 Etymology
      2 Types
      3 Political and socioeconomic revolutions
      4 See also
      4.1 Lists of revolutions
      5 Bibliography
      6 References
      7 External links
      Etymology
      Copernicus named his 1543 treatise on the movements of planets around the sun De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of Celestial Bodies) and this has come to be the model type of a scientific revolution. However, “revolution” is attested by at least 1450 in the sense of representing abrupt change in a social order.[2][3] Political usage of the term had been well established by 1688 in the description of the replacement of James II with William III. The process was termed "The Glorious Revolution".[4] Apparently the sense of social change and the geometric sense as in Surface of revolution developed in various European languages from Latin between the 14th and 17th centuries, the former developing as a metaphor from the latter. “Revolt” as an event designation appears after the process term and is given a related but distinct and later derivation.
      Types
      A Watt steam engine in Madrid. The development of the steam engine propelled the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the world. The steam engine was created to pump water from coal mines, enabling them to be deepened beyond groundwater levels.
      There are many different typologies of revolutions in social science and literature. For example, classical scholar Alexis de Tocqueville differentiated[5] between political revolutions, sudden and violent revolutions that seek not only to establish a new political system but to transform an entire society, and slow but sweeping transformations of the entire society that take several generations to bring about (e.g., religion). One of several different Marxist typologies divides revolutions into pre-capitalist, early bourgeois, bourgeois, bourgeois-democratic, early proletarian, and socialist revolutions.[6]
      Charles Tilly, a modern scholar of revolutions, differentiated[7] between a coup, a top-down seizure of power, a civil war, a revolt and a "great revolution" (revolutions that transform economic and social structures as well as political institutions, such as the French Revolution of 1789, Russian Revolution of 1917, or Islamic Revolution of Iran).[8]
      Other types of revolution, created for other typologies, include the social revolutions; proletarian or communist revolutions (inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with communism); failed or abortive revolutions (revolutions that fail to secure power after temporary victories or large-scale mobilization); or violent vs. nonviolent revolutions.
      The term revolution has also been used to denote great changes outside the political sphere. Such revolutions are usually recognized as having transformed in society, culture, philosophy and technology much more than political systems; they are often known as social revolutions.[9] Some can be global, while others are limited to single countries. One of the classic examples of the usage of the word revolution in such context is the Industrial Revolution, or the Commercial Revolution. Note that such revolutions also fit the "slow revolution" definition of Tocqueville.[10]
      Political and socioeconomic revolutions
      Perhaps most often, the word "revolution" is employed to denote a change in socio-political institutions.[11][12][13] Jeff Goodwin gives two definitions of a revolution. A broad one, where revolution is
      any and all instances in which a state or a political regime is overthrown and thereby transformed by a popular movement in an irregular, extraconstitutional and/or violent fashion
      and a narrow one, in which
      revolutions entail not only mass mobilization and regime change, but also more or less rapid and fundamental social, economic and/or cultural change, during or soon after the struggle for state power.[14]
      Jack Goldstone defines them as
      an effort to transform the political institutions and the justifications for political authority in society, accompanied by formal or informal mass mobilization and noninstitutionalized actions that undermine authorities.[15]
      The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution.
      George Washington, leader of the American Revolution.
      Vladimir Lenin, leader of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917.
      Sun Yat-sen, leader of the Chinese Xinhai Revolution in 1911.
      Political and socioeconomic revolutions have been studied in many social sciences, particularly sociology, political sciences and history. Among the leading scholars in that area have been or are Crane Brinton, Charles Brockett, Farideh Farhi, John Foran, John Mason Hart, Samuel Huntington, Jack Goldstone, Jeff Goodwin, Ted Roberts Gurr, Fred Halliday, Chalmers Johnson, Tim McDaniel, Barrington Moore, Jeffery Paige, Vilfredo Pareto, Terence Ranger, Eugen Rosenstock-Huessy, Theda Skocpol, James Scott, Eric Selbin, Charles Tilly, Ellen Kay Trimberger, Carlos Vistas, John Walton, Timothy Wickham-Crowley and Eric Wolf.[16]
      Scholars of revolutions, like Jack Goldstone, differentiate four current 'generations' of scholarly research dealing with revolutions.[15] The scholars of the first generation such as Gustave Le Bon, Charles A. Ellwood or Pitirim Sorokin, were mainly descriptive in their approach, and their explanations of the phenomena of revolutions was usually related to social psychology, such as Le Bon's crowd psychology theory.[11]
      Second generation theorists sought to develop detailed theories of why and when revolutions arise, grounded in more complex social behavior theories. They can be divided into three major approaches: psychological, sociological and political.[11]
      The works of Ted Robert Gurr, Ivo K. Feierbrand, Rosalind L. Feierbrand, James A. Geschwender, David C. Schwartz and Denton E. Morrison fall into the first category. They followed theories of cognitive psychology and frustration-aggression theory and saw the cause of revolution in the state of mind of the masses, and while they varied in their approach as to what exactly caused the people to revolt (e.g. modernization, recession or discrimination), they agreed that the primary cause for revolution was the widespread frustration with socio-political situation.[11]
      The second group, composed of academics such as Chalmers Johnson, Neil Smelser, Bob Jessop, Mark Hart, Edward A. Tiryakian, Mark Hagopian, followed in the footsteps of Talcott Parsons and the structural-functionalist theory in sociology; they saw society as a system in equilibrium between various resources, demands and subsystems (political, cultural, etc.). As in the psychological school, they differed in their definitions of what causes disequilibrium, but agreed that it is a state of a severe disequilibrium that is responsible for revolutions.[11]
      Finally, the third group, which included writers such as Charles Tilly, Samuel P. Huntington, Peter Ammann and Arthur L. Stinchcombe followed the path of political sciences and looked at pluralist theory and interest group conflict theory. Those theories see events as outcomes of a power struggle between competing interest groups. In such a model, revolutions happen when two or more groups cannot come to terms within a normal decision making process traditional for a given political system, and simultaneously have enough resources to employ force in pursuing their goals.[11]
      The second generation theorists saw the development of the revolutions as a two-step process; first, some change results in the present situation being different from the past; second, the new situation creates an opportunity for a revolution to occur. In that situation, an event that in the past would not be sufficient to cause a revolution (e.g., a war, a riot, a bad harvest), now is sufficient; however, if authorities are aware of the danger, they can still prevent a revolution through reform or repression.[15]
      Many such early studies of revolutions tended to concentrate on four classic cases-famous and uncontroversial examples that fit virtually all definitions of revolutions, such as the Glorious Revolution (1688), the French Revolution (1789-1799), the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the Chinese Revolution (also known as the Chinese Civil War) (1927-1949).[15] In his famous The Anatomy of Revolution, however, the eminent Harvard historian, Crane Brinton, focused on the English Civil War, the American Revolution, the French Revolution, and the Russian Revolution.[17]
      In time, scholars began to analyze hundreds of other events as revolutions (see list of revolutions and rebellions), and differences in definitions and approaches gave rise to new definitions and explanations. The theories of the second generation have been criticized for their limited geographical scope, difficulty in empirical verification, as well as that while they may explain some particular revolutions, they did not explain why revolutions did not occur in other societies in very similar situations.[15]
      The criticism of the second generation led to the rise of a third generation of theories, with writers such as Theda Skocpol, Barrington Moore, Jeffrey Paige and others expanding on the old Marxist class conflict approach, turning their attention to rural agrarian-state conflicts, state conflicts with autonomous elites and the impact of interstate economic and military competition on domestic political change. Particularly Skocpol's States and Social Revolutions became one of the most widely recognized works of the third generation; Skocpol defined revolution as "rapid, basic transformations of society's state and class structures...accompanied and in part carried through by class-based revolts from below", attributing revolutions to a conjunction of multiple conflicts involving state, elites and the lower classes.[15]
      The fall of the Berlin Wall and most of the events of the Autumn of Nations in Europe, 1989, were sudden and peaceful.
      From the late 1980s a new body of scholarly work began questioning the dominance of the third generation's theories. The old theories were also dealt a significant blow by new revolutionary events that could not be easily explain by them. The Iranian and Nicaraguan Revolutions of 1979, the 1986 People Power Revolution in the Philippines and the 1989 Autumn of Nations in Europe saw multi-class coalitions topple seemingly powerful regimes amidst popular demonstrations and mass strikes in nonviolent revolutions.
      Defining revolutions as mostly European violent state versus people and class struggles conflicts was no longer sufficient. The study of revolutions thus evolved in three directions, firstly, some researchers were applying previous or updated structuralist theories of revolutions to events beyond the previously analyzed, mostly European conflicts. Secondly, scholars called for greater attention to conscious agency in the form of ideology and culture in shaping revolutionary mobilization and objectives. Third, analysts of both revolutions and social movements realized that those phenomena have much in common, and a new 'fourth generation' literature on contentious politics has developed that attempts to combine insights from the study of social movements and revolutions in hopes of understanding both phenomena.[15] Revolutions have also been approached from anthropological perspectives. Drawing on Victor Turner’s writings on ritual and performance, Bjorn Thomassen[18] has argued that revolutions can be understood as “liminal” moments: Modern political revolutions very much resemble rituals and can therefore be studied within a process approach. This would imply not only a focus on political behaviour “from below”, but also to recognize moments where “high and low” are relativized, made irrelevant or subverted, and where the micro and macro levels fuse together in critical conjunctions.
      While revolutions encompass events ranging from the relatively peaceful revolutions that overthrew communist regimes to the violent Islamic revolution in Afghanistan, they exclude coups d'états, civil wars, revolts and rebellions that make no effort to transform institutions or the justification for authority (such as Józef Piłsudski's May Coup of 1926 or the American Civil War), as well as peaceful transitions to democracy through institutional arrangements such as plebiscites and free elections, as in Spain after the death of Francisco Franco.[15]

    • @TheBoyChur
      @TheBoyChur 9 років тому

      jeremy doowage no

  • @jasonbaek3185
    @jasonbaek3185 4 роки тому +5

    Because of this video my teacher made us answer questions on genetics and I had a mental breakdown

  • @zulfattah3689
    @zulfattah3689 7 років тому +5

    3 minutes of this is way more clearer than 3 lectures of mine haha

  • @shristisharma2538
    @shristisharma2538 8 років тому

    Thankyou for sharing this nice educational video.
    Love from Nepal

  • @AbhishekSahu-vb1hu
    @AbhishekSahu-vb1hu 5 років тому

    Thank you 🙏🙏
    Sir Mendel..

  • @jeremyrojas7631
    @jeremyrojas7631 8 років тому +11

    We got to watch this in science class it was so cool

  • @fncsvertical285
    @fncsvertical285 3 роки тому +3

    Imagine being sent here in 2021 for a science class everyone else was sent her 9 months ago.

  • @tshegofatsoramorula5226
    @tshegofatsoramorula5226 8 років тому

    This helped a lot. Thanks!

  • @shahnilairfan4571
    @shahnilairfan4571 3 роки тому

    Peas dancing was lovely☺️

  • @aspen_equestrian610
    @aspen_equestrian610 Рік тому +6

    my teacher showed us this and i decided not to take notes, thus forgetting everything, teachers, tell your students to take notes, because i understand nothing.

  • @camwoodstock
    @camwoodstock 7 років тому +64

    TFW the peas only stayed together for the children...

    • @lay9040
      @lay9040 3 роки тому +1

      @ my parents

    • @robotnc2085
      @robotnc2085 3 роки тому +1

      @@lay9040 this comment section is deep

    • @lay9040
      @lay9040 3 роки тому

      @@robotnc2085 fr lmao

  • @pujithapilli578
    @pujithapilli578 6 років тому

    Very simple explanation!!

  • @angelrose4532
    @angelrose4532 3 роки тому +1

    Well explained..Thank you..😊

  • @Agent0range
    @Agent0range 3 роки тому +3

    Fun Fact: I am watching this after science class on my personal account, just cause I found it funny and couldn't stop laughing in science classes

    • @deleted4913
      @deleted4913 3 роки тому

      Ikr 1:37 made me lose it lol

  • @SharlzG
    @SharlzG 11 років тому +3

    This took me back to studying this in high school.
    In our class test, we had to say who the father of genetics was - one guy couldn't remember his full name so he called him Wendel Mendel LoL but I've never forgotten that Mendel was the father of genetics so I guess I should thank him :)

  • @kitty_12368
    @kitty_12368 2 роки тому

    the editor of this video receives a raise
    btw I love how they made both peas kiss before offspring born :)

  • @cheryl2149
    @cheryl2149 4 роки тому

    This is so cute. My heart melted.

  • @user-rv7ge1tc4l
    @user-rv7ge1tc4l 7 років тому +252

    Dumb ways to die, so many dumb ways to die...

  • @julioabadjr9283
    @julioabadjr9283 6 років тому +11

    Watch 1:25 to 1:45 you will definitely laugh
    😂😂😂😂😂

    • @eunicerodrigues1500
      @eunicerodrigues1500 3 роки тому +2

      When your Asian son wants to become artist instead of engineer

    • @redstonetrapper3878
      @redstonetrapper3878 3 роки тому

      gets angry at the kid cause he looks weird then gets angry that dad even trys to stop her lmao

    • @audrinasalsabila9785
      @audrinasalsabila9785 3 роки тому

      also 0:50 to 0:58 xD

  • @ridhimarishi8599
    @ridhimarishi8599 8 років тому +2

    i loved the way peas dance...❤🙈😆😆btw nice explanation..

    • @justicejohnson36
      @justicejohnson36 8 років тому

      20johnsonjustice@bristolk12.com the kids are fgrgf4gtdhdvdbgvgggiddjcjsj vhh vdigidudricuejvid h gf idifisigisigididifiifsiri hello 4 the kids, and I have white house and I am not a good time for a couple weeks,

    • @Powers-cm7fz
      @Powers-cm7fz 4 роки тому +1

      @Justice Johnson he is speaking the language of the gods

  • @shahadalfailakawi6033
    @shahadalfailakawi6033 6 років тому +1

    That’s an easy way for understanding!!

  • @WontonSoap
    @WontonSoap 7 років тому +17

    At 1:07 she looked like she didn't want the green one...

  • @stephengordon4566
    @stephengordon4566 5 років тому +3

    You just managed to explain something to me that an entire chapter of science books hasn't been able to.

  • @happyface721
    @happyface721 3 роки тому

    Great Explanation ...keep it love science

  • @rajwantvirk8860
    @rajwantvirk8860 6 років тому

    Yeah its amazing nd vry easy to understand such a typical concept👍👍👍👍

  • @stephenpramela
    @stephenpramela 7 років тому +19

    commentary is too fast, if its just a presentation speed of the commentary is okay. If your intention is teaching I recommend to slow down the commentary.

    • @elisem4489
      @elisem4489 4 роки тому +2

      there's a button on the youtube player to slow it down if you really want lol

    • @goresheetal8621
      @goresheetal8621 4 роки тому

      Mad

  • @lanaphinebrown7257
    @lanaphinebrown7257 3 роки тому +5

    that poor old granny .... did you even ask if shes got motion sickness before you shook her up?

  • @LOLEGACYnumah1
    @LOLEGACYnumah1 11 років тому

    I needed to do homework on this. Instead of reading a wall of text, I can just watch this! Thanks Ted Ed!

  • @sasikala5816
    @sasikala5816 6 років тому

    it was so easy to understand and pretty to see those peas 😊😊

  • @mintyIm
    @mintyIm Місяць тому +6

    anyone here for bio class

  • @stylerharry2345
    @stylerharry2345 6 років тому +8

    Hello 7A 2017-2018

  • @ChristinaColgan
    @ChristinaColgan 8 років тому +2

    My students really liked this video.

  • @billo6299
    @billo6299 9 років тому +1

    Great video!! Helped me much 😊😊😊