Scythians: History and Culture (Documentary)
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- Опубліковано 8 лип 2024
- The Scythians were a nomadic people of the vast Eurasian steppe. They boasted a rich art culture and played a pivotal role in several historical events, including the forging and destruction of various empires. These noble horse-lords were viewed as enigmatic by neighboring civilizations such as the Greeks and Persians. The only extensive research conducted in ancient times about these people was done by Herodotus in his work 'The Histories.' In addition to this, most of the knowledge we have today about the Scythians comes from archaeological excavations that began in the 18th century and continue to this day. In this video, we will showcase the chronological history of the Scythians and explore their fascinating culture.
00:00 - 01:12 Introduction
01:12 - 05:15 Landscape and Culture
05:15 - 26:21 Chronological History
26:22 - 32:52 Scythian Art
32:53 - 34:25 Clothing and Tattoos
34:26 - 46:10 Kings, Chieftains and Royal Tombs
46:11 - 53:30 Warfare and Weapons
53:31 - 01:05:02 Religion and Mythology
01:05:03 - 01:07:55 Language
01:07:56 - 01:08:46 Epilogue
Note: Please excuse the technical mistake with the image on the right during 23:18-23:58. I only realized it after 12 hours of rendering.
Music by:
Farya Faraji: @faryafaraji
Stefanos Krasopoulis/Στέφανος Κρασοπούλης: @stefanoskrasopoulis
Adrian Von Ziegler: @AdrianvonZiegler
A Big Thank You to my Patreon members: Robert G Ferrick
You can follow me on Patreon if you want: / historicaladventure
Sources:
-Cunliffe, B., ‘The Scythians: Nomad Warriors of the Steppe’
-Herodotus, 'The Histories: Book 4'
-Pseudo-Hippocrates, 'On Airs, Waters, and Places'
#history #documentary #scythian - Розваги
![ОРБАН приехал к ПУТИНУ и "отчитался" о поездке в Киев 😁 [Пародия]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/_0ukDovOWq8/mqdefault.jpg)
Many thanks for including subtitles ❤️
Excellent work. Thanx!👍🏻
Brilliant work!
AMAZING VIDEO!!! By far the best production on the scythians ive seen on youtube!
Thank you!
Christopher Beckwith’s new book is pretty phenomenal on this subject. There is so much more to it than the scattered bands of nomads. Most intriguingly the Royal Scythians.
Thank you, this is very helpful
@@yukongetit4603 absolutely I highly recommend the audiobook
Everything I needed to know and remember about this people 😻😻😻
Great video, subbed.
I love the consistently excellent quality of your videos, thank you.🙂
In total, eight Saka-Scythian "Golden Men" were found in Kazakhstan. I am glad you've shown so many photos from Kazakh national museum in Kazakhstan
Bal (Honey)> Mel >Mil >Meli > Melit > Melis =(yumuşak, hoş kokulu, tatlı / yummy, mellow, balmy, malleable, dessert) >>>> Melon
Al-Bal (Red-dessert) =Alpal (Apple) >Afal >Almel> Alme > Alma
Mel-ak ((White-dessert)>Mela >Mal >Mar >Milo> Melam >>>Milk
Melah + Almel = Elma =Apple
Meltem= mellow wind = breeze
Mel-melat = marmelat = marmellata
Melisa = balm / jam / rosin
Melamine = chemical resin
(Mel-hem) merhem=(almost-balm) > ointment
(Mel-sumac) mercimek = lentil
Mel-audio = melody
(tow/tao/tai/tav/tağ)>> Dağ =mountain /~塔 / 高 /ضيقة
(dar /tar /dai /tai /tav /tao /too /toi)
Dar = narrow / nearest /stuck / compressed / solid / hard / durable
Dar = birbirine yaklaşmış / sıkışık / sıkışmış / sıkıştırılmış / sağlam / sert / dayanıklı
Darlık= sıkışarak yükselmek, yükseklik hissi, sıkışma duygusu
Dağ= litosferik tabakaların sıkışarak yükselmesi / compression and rise of lithospheric layers
Dar-lık= to rise upwards by squeezed, feeling of height, feeling of being squeezed
Dar = yakın olmak , alakalı olmak, ilgilenmek / to be close, to be involved, to be interested
Hüküm-dar = Hükümle ilgili olan , hüküm veren
Mühür-dar = Mührü yanında olan , mühürle ilgilenen
Mihman-dar = Misafire yakın olan , misafire alaka gösteren
Darülaceze = Acizerle ilgilenen
Dai-u > nearest he's = Dayı = uncle
Toy = meeting /ceremony/feast/ immature-game boy
(Dai-emek)> Dayamak =to base on /make it support/fasten down
(Dai-en-mak)> Dayanmak= to recline upon /be close literally / stay strong
(Dai-et-mak)>Dayatmak = to impose / insist
Volkanik, yanardağ ile ilgili
Dağ-et-mak >Dağıtmak = to distribute /to deal out / to deploy
Dağ-al-mak >Dağılmak = to get dispersed / to go to pieces
Dağ-la-mak = krater şekline çevirmek / cauterize
Phone / Phoon/ Fun / Wajan / Wehen = Ses /Rüzgar /Esinti
Dae-vane /tao-fun / too-fan/ tae-phone/ typhoon = (loud sound) > hard-strong wind
TH > T / D
TS > S / Ş
Thuith >Tuits > Tiss / Diş = tooth (dental)
Thuıth > Thuıts > Tuıss / Dış = outer ( external)
Thuss > - Suz = (- Less) >>without it / free from it / it's got rid of that
Dışarı / Dış taraf = outside
Dışsal = external
Dışı = out of...
(Suz)> Sız/siz - Suz/süz = without / less
Kanat = Wing /Kanatsız = Wingless
Su= water > Su-suz = water-less / anhydrous
Suç =crime > Suçsuz=innocent (freed from blame)
Şeker= Sugar > Şekersiz= without sugar / sugar free
Kitap= book / Kitapsız = without books / free from books
Ücret = fee / ücretsiz = free /ücret dışı =out of fee
Gereksiz = needless / İhtiyaç dışı/ lüzumsuzca =unnecessary
Kanunsuz/hukuksuz = unlawful / Kanun dışı = outside the law
Hukuk-yasa =law > Yasal =legal / Yasadışı = illegal
Görüş = sight / görüş dışı = out of sight
Sadık -vefalı-vefakar= loyal / sadakatsiz-vefasız= disloyal
Beğeni = like / beğeni dışı= dislike
Bağlantı = connect / bağlantı dışı=disconnect
(LIĞ-LUĞ) (aluk=it's got)
LI- Li-Lu-Lü ekleri sahiplik ve dahiliyet ekleridir...
(Have)(~With)
(Dış- Thuıss) Siz-Sız-Suz-Süz ekleri
“İçermemek” , "sahip olmamak" , “ondan azade olmak” veya "mahrumiyet" anlamına gelen bu ekler, bir şeyin dahilinde olmayışı ifade eder.
(Have no)( ~without) (...less)
O benim sevgi-li-m = (~s/he has my love)= s/he is my lover
İki çocuk-lu kadın= (which) the woman has two children
Çocuksuz adam = (which) the man has no child
Şekerli =(it has sugar) = with sugar
Şekersiz= (it has no sugar) = without sugar = ~sugar free= şekerden azade
Tuzlu =it has salt =salty
Tuzsuz= it has no salt = without salt = saltless
Gitmelisin (git-mek-li-sen)= you have to go
Gitmen gerekli (gitmek-in gerek-li) = you have need to go
Gitmen gerekir (gitmek-in gerek-e-er) = you need to go
Relax, kazakh-boy. Kazakhs have nothing to do with scythians. Kazakhs are a brand-new nation (first mentioned in 16th century). Your government desire to adorn history of their nation often turns into attempts to appropriate the history which does not rightfully belong to them.
@metamorphosa9838 I am glad you gave me a chance to enlighten you. I encourage you to check everything on yourself if you have any doubts. Kazakhs didn't appear from nowhere in the 15th century. They mainly descended from Kipchak (aka Cuman) tribes and undoubtedly inherited their culture and language, which evolved to the Kazakh language. Later, they were joined (through war and alliances) with turko-mongolic tribes that came with Ghenghis khan. They formed the east wing of The Golden Horde after splitting of The Ghenghis khan Empire to "Ulus"-divisions in 1269. By the end of the 13th century, mongolic tribes and mongolic elite, including Genghisids and Borjigids, were completely absorbed. In the 14th century, during the reign of Özbek khan (1313-1341), all of them became muslims. When Golden horde split to divisions, 23/92 Golden horde turkic tribes became kazakhs that formed an independent Kazakh khanate. Nowadays, kazakhs keep their "shejire" genealogic tradition, which allows them to track their heritage until at least the 13th century. Modern paleogenetic investigations describe the Shejire as historically accurate to track clan-tribe history of clans and dynasties of kazakh people. The same paleogenetic methods also indicate that kazakhs have genetic legacy from pre-turkic scyth-saka tribes in form of R1a haplogroup branches. Kazakh people also bear Xiongnu genetic legacy in form of R1a Z95 and Z2125, N, Q, G1 haplogroups. Artefacts found from mumified and frozen saka burials also indicate similarities between turkic, cuman, and saka cultures.
@@metamorphosa9838 actually we preserved some legacies from Saka people such as pointed hat, you can see its trace from modern Kazakh female traditional headgear , and yeah Kazakhstan nation is relatively young but if you dig a little bit deeper, you’ll find out we’re consisted of numerous tribes which could be traced back much more further
Nice documentary, always joyfull to find a new high quality history channel.
Thank you kindly.
good detailed information
GREAT Video! Absolutely amazing gold works. I cant believe how old and tuff. Drank blood and scull cups? Wow spectacular crowns.
Really grateful channel
Wonderful work ❤
Thank you!
love this
good work.
' trying to watch all of your presentation !
Thumbs up. A comprehensive description of Scythian history and culture. One of the better videos on the subject.
Thank you.
This was exactly the video about Scythians that I was looking for. It seemed comprehensive and well presented, but it's the only Scythians video I've watched so there is that. No complaints here, those golden combs were very nice
Surviving the jive channel has a good video on Scythian religion, ethnicity, and culture.
@@richardstanley7661 I have no idea about Scythian culture or what it may or may not mean to Europeans. For all I know, it might be some racist idiot bullshit these days, people freaking out about ancient symbols and attaching their crap to it all. That's not what I'm interested in at all.
Surviving the Jive is a racially loaded username, at least from an American perspective, btw
@@iLLeag7e I’m a gypsy so I really don’t care about what race they were , European or otherwise. Seems like you might just have a problem with Europeans . If you’re racist and can’t handle information proposed by white people that’s fine too
First time subscriber here.
It would be kinda weird if you were a 2nd time subscriber 😂
Beautiful work. Looking forward to update based on the recent research and future work! Thank you!
i agree 💜
Love it ❤❤❤
I like how easy this is to follow. I have to watch again a few times. So far 20 minutes and my poor brain needs a break.
Honestly, this is completely understandable since the 'Chronological history' section is basically 3700 years of history crammed into 21 minutes, so there's a lot to take in.
LOL that picture used for the screencrap is shite, Scythians werent mongrels
What are mongrels?@@aidanmcmillan-dx8lq
In this video, we are studying and understanding the period of; 221 - 201 B.C., though, " Before, initiated as "Jin", there were 3 " Jin" s in the Spring- Autumn period, of course different Chinese Hanja, soon entering one of Jin has led the kingdomage where your video addressed on, the Jin, of course often " Qin" is commonly referred by many historians, therefore is not some debatable issue, arguably. However, the notation in which especially its sounds and meanings that we may consider in future references? However, your research video has a great value at: all the major events were well-comparied, in order, and easy to deliver the main core of events. I am looking forwards to see another work of yours. Kind regards, YooA Kang . p.s Even junior students could understand well that is my comments how good this video is! Chiao
Interesting note about the Scythian origin story. There's a similar being, a Half-snake woman, called Shahmaran in Iranian folklore
I always thought Scythian came from the Persian people.
@@slewone4905 Scythian is Turkic
@@Samanyolu-ov1ykpanturkism again here 😂😂😂
@@abbasabidi7503, 100% ))
@@abbasabidi7503better than pan iranism bullsht
Didn't expect to see it all.
Very interesting fakts about their culture, thx.
Very informative, thankyou! Could there be any relation between Medusa and the snake woman, mother of the 3 man?
I don't really think so to be honest, apart from the fact that they both have snake-like attributes. Snakes were sometimes seen as symbols of fertility but in the case of Medusa, and the rest of the Gorgons, their 'snake hair' are there to make them terrifying.
Randall Carlson starts going crazy at 57:59 lol
Except...
As as someone pointed out below... 'Sithian' is just a GREEK WORD for ' one who runs'.. ''Sarmatia' is a GREEK WORD that means 'to flow'.... 'Sithian' or 'Sarmatia' are not names which some cultural group or nation identified themselves by...
The gold trinkets you often see labeled "Scythian" were actually made by Greek colonists,excavated from a Greek colony on the Black Sea..
I always stress thoroughly researching [word origins]
Fine job! I listened...
Which soundtrack is that at the beginning of your video by which artist? Min 0:00- 4:47
The song was made by Stefanos Krasopoulis, you can find it on his youtube channel on the video titled 'ΜΕΛΑΜΠΟΥΣ - Project Melampous 2005-2012', it is included in the 'Dance of the Wolf' section in 01:34:24
@@historicaladventurevideos thank you very much
Asha logos has an amazing series on youtube about this
Since they called themselves Saka and some of them lived in the area of the Taklamakan basin, were the mummies found in the desert tombs Saka (aka Scythians)? There were elaborate burials of people who had light skin and red hair, and brought horse-pulled carts to the area. They wore plaid wool, and wool felt hats, and boots.
I think those were Tocharians, they are known for their desert tombs and mummies. They spoke an Indo-European isolate language, but weren't Scythians. They lived around the same area though, and probably came into contact with eachother.
Scythians and and Tocharians are both Aryan cousins but different ethnic groups.
Didn't they DNA test those mummies and find out they were the last remaing Ancient North eurasians before they were btfo'd by east asians like in siberia.
@@BossaliniFiveO Scythians were Indo-Iranian, but Tocharians were not. They were from completely different branches and had distinct linguistic dissimilarities. Eventually, however, I think they grew closer to each other.
@@KanadMondalMany say tha both Scythians & Tocharians we’re/are Iranian group members
+ Tajiks, Pashtuns, Kurds, Baluchis, Pashtuns, etc.
Thank you i enjoyed your video. Please pardon the nerd fight in the comments 😂
Thank you!
Scythians moved East to become Xiongnus, and moved back west to become the Huns.
They have nothing to do with Xiongnus
Also Huns Were Multiethnic Group
Great work, definitely sheds light on the northern kingdom of Daniel coming to fight Israel being all the modern day "-stans"
What’s the name of the first song?
It is called 'Dance of the Wolf' and it is from a musical project of Stefanos Krasopoulis, I have provided a link to his channel in the description of the video. The video of the musical project is called 'Project Melampous 2005-2012' and the specific timestamp of the song you are reffering to is 01:34:24.
Is scythians blood in North Indian's
Apart of the name, "Qin" We may consider to pronaunce as close to as it is, therefore, " Jin" is more close to those regional dialect and the oringin of its Hanja. Very fascinating, especially in compare other side of world...to easy to compare for viewee-friendly version. Thank you.
Thanks for the tip. Chinese names are incredibly difficult for me to pronounce. I noticed that the channel 'Cool History Bros' pronounces ''Qin'' like a soft 'J' mixed with a hard 'Ch' or 'Ts' sound. I attempted to imitate this pronunciation, but it didn't come out quite right.
@@historicaladventurevideos It is not actual mistake, as we all know that, major is Qing is another, and Gin is Qin? We may consider for the future reference, however, I have really enjoyed very much. Thanks again.
@@historicaladventurevideos Years ago I was going through a World book on Baby Names.
It follow root language tress and near Tax records on when first show on families history.
I forgot the name but in Romania it means something about A Curse on the Devil.
They name their sons that to grow into bold warriors.
In Mongolia it is a traditional Girl's name about being sweet & soft flower.
The .. Yellow Hord from the East .. employs women as light horse cavalry scouts and harry archers in mass.
One it was a horse base culture and two women weight less than men, so the horse has better endurance at maintain speed.
@@YooAKang Star Wars the guy that found Anakin was Qi Gon Jinn.
Japan, Jinn means compassion and giving someone a quick clean death was an act of compassion.
West Europe Demark/ Jin, hard liquor alcohol drink. A little relaxes and too much you join the spirits from alcohol poisoning.
Middle east Jinn, .. problems and I mean nothing but problems. Best to avoid them or call a cleric.
As for Qi Gon, something about Life Energy.
I lump it with Reiki.
It is true arguably. Although, it is not easy, so I use alternatively add the period of date, just in case. Thank you for a good reasearch and presentation. Cheers!@@historicaladventurevideos
The Great Khas of Nepal still shows Scythians influences.
In Xinjiang the Sarikoli[whose kids are great dancers] may be descendants of one of the tribes of the Saka...the Wakhi in the Wakhan corridor are believed to be descendants of the Saka[Wikipedia].
Cünkü onlarda İskitler gibi türk'tü
Greeks of the Northern Black Sea Region often commissioned Skithian jewelers to create pieces in the Greek/Hellenistic style. Eventually, elements of Greek art were more generally adopted by the Skithians, probably to increase the appeal to Greeks and Hellenized people of the region. (I use Greek spelling because these names of places, peoples, etc., came down to us via Greek, and only much later were Latinized by the Romans.)
From new McColl et al 2024) during Xiongnu empire era, the Scythian 'Uyuk culture' ceased to exist in Tuva and high East Asian shifted Xiongnu-related population moved to Tuva to form Shurmak (Kokel) culture
Fate of the Scythians.
CONCEPT OF BULGAR ETHNOGENESIS IN THE 2-Y HALF OF XX - EARLY XXI CENTURY (to the 85th anniversary of E.P. Kazakov)
According to the concept of E.P. Kazakov himself [2007b, p. 118], the Bulgarian nomads came to the territory of the Middle Volga region, not occupied at that time by any population, in the middle of the VIII century, from the Volga-Don interfluve, rising up the
* We consider the point of view of G.I. Matveeva as a hypothesis, since during the time that has passed since the publications of its main provisions, not only approaches to Novinkovsky antiquities have largely changed, but also the interpretation of the features of these monuments. It is significant that the name for these archaeological objects did not survive in the literature: the terms "Novinkovsky-type monuments," "Novinkovsky monuments," rarely - "Novinkovsky archaeological culture" are used equivalently.
on the right bank of the Volga, while in the area of modern Saratov they were in contact with the Burtas * for some time, as a result of which Turbaslin-Imenkov * * (Late Sarmatian) features appeared in their funeral rite: long grave pits, sometimes with beatings and shoulders, as well as sacrificial complexes from the head, legs and skins of a horse, folded in a special way * * *.
Here they came into contact with the Early Magyar (Kushnarenkov ) tribes that came from the Urals (i.e. Sargatians East Sarmatians). From the 2nd half of the 9th century. they also interacted with the Kama-Ural population, and then, from the 1st half of the 10th century, with the Volga and Kama Finns [Kazakov, 1982, s. 37; 1992, p. 230-254], having formed a mestizo ethnic group, is basically Turkic-speaking, but with a high share of nomadic and forest Ugric, which at the beginning of the 10th century was the main ethnocultural group in this territory. According to him, already from the 7th-8th centuries. in the Middle Volga region, Ugric tribes (the Kushnarenkov culture of the Urals) roamed, which actively supplanted the Imenkov population and ultimately forced him to leave these places.
Prior to this point, in the main points of view, E.P. Kazakova did not contradict the concept of Khalikov - Khuzin, but the further course of his thoughts caused criticism of both researchers [Kazakov, 1982, p. 32, approx. 28 (from the editor); Khuzin, 2011, p. 29-30].
The essence of the views of E.P. Kazakov lies in two theses. First: the scientist believes that the Magyars/Ugras took part in the initial stage of the cultural genesis of the Bulgarian population in the 9th century. did not completely leave the Middle Volga region, subsequently (until the beginning of the 13th century) a considerable and at the same time quite active component of the Bulgarian ethnic group * * * *. This ethnic component, in his opinion, is expressed in archaeological sites of four stages: early Kushnarenkovsky (2nd half of the VI-VII century), Manyak (VIII century), Khusainovsky (late VIII-IX century), Tankeevsky (last third - 1st half of the X century) * * * * *. subsequently with the X century. the Ugric presence was expressed in the materials of the post-Petro-Grom and Chiyalik cultures [Kazakov, 2007a, p. 31-45. 51-64]. Moreover, E.P. Kazakov [2007b, p. 118-119] claims that by the end of the 9th - beginning of the 10th centuries "the future central part of Volga Bulgaria, where its metropolitan centers of Bulgar, Suvar and Bilyar later appeared, was largely" Volga Hungary, "which was the result of the ousting of the Ugric from the Urals as a result of the confrontation between the Magyars and the Pechenegs in the 80s years IX century.
The second thesis: the early Bulgars until the 2nd-3rd quarter of the 10th century. did not have constant settlement, i.e. were mainly nomads and, moreover, despite the adoption of the Muslim religion by the Bulgarian elite in 922, remained pagan for the most part. Their settlements begin to actively arise only in the second half of this century [Kazakov, 1992, p. 300]. According to E.P. Kazakov [1992, p. 326], the semi-nomadic lifestyle and pagan religious views were preserved among the Bulgars until the 60s. X century, when, under pressure from the Pechenegs, immigrants from Kuban region - the descendants of the "black Bulgarians" of Batbay, move to the Kazan Volga region. In addition, in the IX-X centuries. small groups of Turkic-speaking nomads - Pechenegs and Guzes - pour into the Bulgarian environment.
These two theses of the concept of E.P. Kazakov became key both in understanding the historical development of the Bulgarian material culture of the entire pre-Mongol period,
* A.Kh. Khalikov [2011, p. 203-205] localized the Burtas (tribe) in Posurye (modern Penza region).
* * A.Kh. Khalikov [2011, p. 172] determined the ethnic group of the population that left monuments such as the Turbas-Linsky burial ground, Turkic-Ugric.
* * * In his early works, E.P. Kazakov considered such sacrificial complexes characteristic of Ugric.
* * * * This assumption was not completely rejected by A.Kh. Khalikov [2011, p. 193], however, considering that this fact was not significant in the processes of Bulgarian ethnogenesis, since most of them left the territory of the Lower Prikamye and the Southern Urals no later than 835-836.
* * * * * This periodization of E.P. Kazakov is disputed by other researchers [Matveeva, 2007, p. 75-86].
so in the reconstruction of the development of society. Some of these ideas were later developed by Ufa and Perm archaeologists.
The problem of the formation of the Volga Bulgars has now acquired a new sound related to the research of the Samara archaeologist D.A. Stashenkov, who is engaged in the pre-Bulgarian era - monuments of the Novinkovsky type and Imenkovsky culture. The publications of this author, the first of which appeared in the late 1990s, showed that the early stage of the history of the Bulgars is not as unambiguous as it was imagined in the last third of the 20th century, and is largely related to the events that took place in the Khazar Khaganate as a whole. According to D.A. Stashenkov, the processes of ethnogenesis in the territory of the Middle Volga region were multivariant, not linear and occurred discretely, not continually.
The scientist believes that the alien population from the western territories (Kyiv culture), multi-ethnic in its core, from the first centuries CE groups settled the territory of the Samara Volga region, and later - the southern part of the Central and Western Zakamya, mainly the basin of the Bolshoi Cheremshan, where monuments of the Sidelkino-Timyashevo type were identified [Stashenkov, 2005, p. 45; Rudenko, 2014, p. 307-324], coming into contact with the Sarmatians, who in the IV century, leave this region under pressure from the Huns [Stashenkov, 2007, p. 77]. Certain groups of this population later became part of the developed Imenkovsky culture, the beginning of the formation of which the scientist refers to the III-V centuries. The motley ethnic array of Imenkovites with the predominance of the Slavic component significantly differed in material culture from the population of monuments such as Sidelkino-Timyashevo and at the same time had quite a lot of expressive regional features. This determines the early stage of Imenkovsky culture, monuments of which are recorded mainly on the territory of the Samara Volga region [Stashenkov, 2005, p. 46].
D.A. Stashenkov [2010b, p. 116] claims that monuments of the Lbishchensky type (early Imenkovsky according to G.I. Matveeva [1998, p. 87-96]) and settlements of the Sidelkino-Timyashevo type and a number of others coexisted even in the 4th century, and the peculiarities of their material culture are explained by different initial migration territories, mainly Western. The late stage of the Imenkov culture - V-VII centuries. developed in the Samara Luka, Kazan Volga region and in the adjacent regions of the Kama region. It is characterized by the "eastern" influence, primarily of the nomadic cultures of the Ugric circle (Kushnarenkovskaya) reformatting the appearance of the material culture of the Imenkovites. But at the same time, some groups of the previous population could also continue to exist at a new stage of cultural genetics.
This point of view differs from the views of E.P. Kazakov [1996, p. 48; 1998, p. 110-111], which limits the existence of the Imenkov culture to the 2nd half of the VI-VII centuries, and connects it with immigrants from the Caspian region (Jetyassar culture) -( i.e. Central Asian Scythians - East Alan - Wusun, Kangju) who came into contact on the territory of Western and Eastern Zakamye with the Late Sarmatian population (Turbaslin culture). In his opinion, it was the Ugric nomads who forced the Imenkovites in the 2nd half of the 7th century. to leave the territory of their habitat, which then was empty for almost more than 100 years.
D.A. Stashenkov [2013, p. 80], like E.P. Kazakov, does not consider the Novinkovsky monuments of Samara Luke to be Bulgarian, since they, in his opinion, were "a conglomerate of various ethnic groups that, as part of Avar or Khazar detachments, were on the border lands of the Byzantine Empire until the middle of the 7th century AD.." This mixed population of the Khazar Khaganate * had no direct connection with the Prabolgars and Bulgarians who migrated to the Middle Volga in the middle - 2nd half of the VIII century, the traces of whose presence in the region are the intake burials of the Kaibel mounds, the Uren-P burial mound, as well as the soil Avtozavodsky
* There is extensive literature on various aspects of the study of Novinkovo monuments, for example, periodization and chronology [Lifanov, 2005, pp. 25-40].
Avtozavodskaya necropolis. Actually, the scientist considers only the Bobrovsky burial to be related to Bulgarian monuments [Stashenkov, 2013, p. 81].
D.A. Stashenkov divides the funeral monuments of nomads on the Middle Volga into several groups: mound-dirt Novinkovsky, which appeared at the end of the 7th century. on Samara Luka, which ceased to exist as a result of the campaign of the Arab commander Mervan ibn Muhammad in 737, or, in a wider dating, in the middle of the VIII century; as well as Berezovsky and Shilovsky mounds [Stashenkov, Turetsky, 1999, p. 297; Stashenkov, 2008, p. 95]. The next group: burial mounds of the Simbirsk Volga region - Kai-Belsky and Uren-P of the 2nd half of the VIII - IX century. The third group is in the Pre-Volga and Central Zakamye, almost synchronous with the previous one: More-Tarkhansky and More-Tigansky *. At the same time, in addition to nomads in the Simbirsk Volga region, groups of the settled population close to the tribes of Priochye also lived at the same time [Stashenkov, 2013, p. 83].
IX century. with the possibility of the beginning of the 10th century - this is how the author dates separate burials of the Magyar circle of the Samara Volga region. He believes that three subgroups can be distinguished, differing in the details of the funeral rite, having gender and age characteristics and geographical localization, although in general, with a number of reservations, D.A. Stashenkov [2013, p. 85] recognizes their monoculture.
The researcher's conclusions about the nature of the occupation of the inhabitants of the region in this era are important. He identifies it from finds in villages and their archaeological context, synchronizing with the functioning time of burial grounds. So, for the third group, D.A. Stashenkov notes individual ceramic finds of the late VIII - IX centuries. on the Imenkovsky settlements of the Simbirsk Volga region (Abramovsky village, settlement Chertov Gorodok and Novoslobodskoye * *), which Yu.A. Semykin and G.I. Matveeva considered evidence of contacts between the Imenkovites and Novinkovtsy. Such finds were found in villages on Samara Luka: Sevryukaevsky-P, Novy Put, Malaya Ryazan^P of the same period, and where fragments of Black Sea amphorae were found [Elm, Nerushin, 2010, p. 132].
By the 9th century D.A. Stashenkov [2008, p. 95-96; 2010a, p. 118-119, Fig. 1-8] refers to similar finds on the monuments of the Samara Right Bank - the Proletarian settlement and the village of the Power of Labor. On a number of settlements in this region, artifacts have been identified that, in his opinion, are associated with the Slavic Romenoborshev culture.
It was believed that until the middle of the VIII century. there were no traces of nomads migrating to the Middle Volga at the settlements, but the new materials received by D.A. Stashenkov in 2010-2019 changed this assumption. We are talking about the Zhigulevsky burial ground and the village of the same name in the Stavropol district of the Samara region. These objects are synchronous with the monuments of the Novinkovsky circle, but the ethnicity of the population that left them, according to the researcher, was clearly different [Stashenkov, 2013, p. 81, Fig. 2, 3; 2014, p. 109].
After the first seasons of excavation of these monuments, D.A. Stashenkov [2010a, p. 119] assumed that the Slavs who served the Novinkovsky groups of the population left this settlement, and the latter, in turn, performed the "task of protecting the northern borders of the Khazar Khaganate" and were relocated here by the Khazar administration. Excavations 2013-2017. gave reason to the researcher to clarify the date of the Zhigulevsky village: VII-X centuries. - and prove his connection with the nearby burial ground where the dead were buried according to the cremation rite * * *. Expressive material was obtained from the burials,
* The late part of the Bolsho-Tigansky burial ground dates from the beginning of the 10th century.
* * The settlement Chertov town is located on the left bank of the Volga, the rest - on the right.
* * * Burial grounds with a cremation ceremony are known on Samara Luka, however, in this case, without the installation of ceramic urn-vessels [Myshkin, 2013, p. 73-118]. Corpse burning is characteristic of the Imenkovsky burial grounds of the Kazan Volga region [Matveeva, 2003, p. 29].
including, in addition to ceramic vessels, metal products and glass jewelry - beads (Fig. 3). The village and the burial ground functioned simultaneously and represented a single archaeological complex [Stashenkov, 2014, p. 88, 109; Kochkina, Stashenkov, 2018a, p. 38-39]. In 2018, it was established that the Zhigulevsky-P burial ground was biritual - along with cremation, the multimedia burial was studied, which was part of the group of burials of the VIII century. [Stashenkov, Kochkina, 2019a, p. 22]. This once again reinforced the researcher's idea of the heterogeneous composition of the population of Samara Luke in the Khazar era.
On the specifics of archaeological materials of the 9th century. Samara Luke gives an idea of the village of Power of Labor in the Volga region of the Samara region, where the remains of buildings and ceramic material are recorded, including a circle-boat vessels close to the Nevolins [Kochkina, Sta-shenkov, 2018a, p. 40; Stashenkov, Kochkina, 2019b, p. 23-24]. The predominance of the nomadic Ugric component among the population of the Samara Volga region at that time, it would seem, ruled out the possibility of the existence of settled settlements, but new discoveries denied this. As far as it was typical for the era and the region as a whole, it is too early to judge, but it can be noted that the habitation of Ugras and Imenkovites in one settlement on the Middle Volga was recorded archaeologically (II Tetyushsky settlement) [Rudenko, 2013, p. 58-74].
Based on the analysis of the received material, D.A. Stashenkov concludes that settlements of the Khazar time appear in the Middle Volga region back in the 7th century and have a different character - from seasonal sites to permanent settlements. They are left ethnically heterogeneous by the population, connected partly with the Saltovo world (i.e Saltovo-Mayaki culture Khazars, Alans, and Bulgars), partly with the Slavs and Ugri, and together they make up at least four heterogeneous groups of settlements that are not connected with each other. The scientist notes that not a single one with the Imenkovtsy
Fig. 3. Zhiguli burial ground. Excavations by D.A. Stashenkov. Finds from burials:
1 - burial No. 18; 2-4 - burials No. 11, 13; 5-11 - burial No. 19 (according to: [Kochkina, Stashenkov, 2018a, p. 39; Stashenkov, Kochkina, 2019a, p. 22])
none of these groups were associated [Stashenkov, 2010a, p. 120]. The Volga Bulgars, as follows from the logic of the researcher, were formed from the population that left the Bolshe-Tar-Khan burial ground, approximately according to the scheme indicated in the works of E.P. Kazakov.
Conclusion
Thus, the concept of E.P. Kazakov completed the formation of a general vision of the early stage of the history of the Volga Bulgars, going beyond the autochthonous paradigm postulated by the Khalikov-Khuzin concept, defining the leading force in the development of ethnogenetic processes - the migration of different groups of the population, mainly nomadic, from the territory of the Khazar Khaganate consistently, "waves" reaching the territory of the Middle Volga region. However, the emphasis on the linear nature of the culturogenesis process led the discussion of this problem to substantiate mainly the ethnic components of the emerging Bulgarian ethnic group.
One of the options for a new consideration of the problem is the attempt of D.A. Stashen-kov to determine the nature of both external and internal processes of migration and adaptation of aliens of the pre-Bulgarian stage in the Middle Volga region. He showed on archaeological materials that the processes of culturogenesis were multivariant and that in addition to sequentially changing one population to another, with a corresponding change of material culture objects, which in this case acquired the meaning of chronological markers, there was a coexistence of groups of the population, different in their traditions and having distinctive features of life and culture, as well as those inhabitants who continued to live in local natural refugia at that time, when most of the tribesmen who came with them were either assimilated or left these places. Another important point from the discoveries of D.A. Stashenkov is worth noting: settling skills were inherent in almost all aliens who appeared in the VII-X centuries. on Samara Luka, and they had them without the special influence of the settled Imenkov population, the basis of whose life was a complex economy, where in addition to fishing and cattle breeding, as well as agriculture, developed [Elm, 2008a-b]
We can assume that the concept of E.P. Kazakov and the new concept of D.A. Stashenkov are not only a continuation of the development of the scientific revolution of the 2nd half of the 20th century. in medieval archeology of the Middle Volga region, expanding the territorial framework of the birth of the Volga-Bulgarian ethnic group, and a new stage in the historical and cultural understanding of the process of forming an ethnic map of the 2nd half of the 1st millennium AD. They revealed the connection and even conditioning of many processes of ethnogenesis with the impact on them not only of the nearest peoples on the basis of ethnic or cultural proximity, but also in general the ethnocultural environment that has developed in the space of the entire Khazar state. Within the framework of this concept, the complexity of the mechanisms of formation of certain elements of traditional culture during assimilation and acculturation processes was also proved. Obviously, we are currently witnessing the development of a new discourse of the study of cultural genesis in the Middle Volga region in the 2nd half of the 1st millennium AD - the beginning of the 2nd millennium AD.
ua-cam.com/video/JQuPvJmQl-o/v-deo.html
Well done! I thoroughly enjoyed the documentary!
Please excuse my following statement as it is a reply to a comment made by dimitriardoux on Christopher Beckwith's book.
I'm all for steppe cultures getting the credit they deserve, but I'm against giving credit where credit is not due. While I've read Christopher Beckwith's book and don't doubt his knowledge on language, that's about where my acknowledgment of this book ends. The rest consists of wildly speculative theories which he presents as facts. He seems to take advantage of the fact that not many scholars hold professional degrees on Scythian culture due to the lack of literate sources, ensuring there aren't many who would take the time to refute his claims. Even the title of the book, 'Scythian Empire,' is misleading, as he doesn't make an effort to explain if and how the Scythians actually had an 'empire'. His theories rely solely on word similarities, from which he extrapolates far-fetched ideas. This approach is unprofessional, to say the least, and not suited for a historian. He essentially claims that the Scythians invented everything from monotheism to Buddhism and even pants (!) , all while demonstrating a serious lack of historical knowledge, such as the chronology of the Egyptian and Persian Empires, as well as the content of works by Herodotus and Diogenes Laertius. In conclusion, his book is a conglomeration of wild claims and theories based on a few Scythian words. Therefore, this hardly qualifies as a scholarly approach.
It's quite clear from this comment that you haven't read his book and you lack some understanding of how PIE languages and are studied. The comparative method is the basis on which the study of these languages is based. I grant you it's not only that but so does Beckwith in his book and he references the supporting evidence for each of his hypotheses bases on papers of normal lexical/phonetic changes and when there is little evidence he does point this out. Additionally when you claim he lacks knowledge on historical chronology you should be able to give a concrete example of what he gets wrong. Same for the content of Herodotus and Diogenes which I have personally reviewed quite in depth and in multiple translations and languages.
You seem quite dismissive and reductionist without actually being able to point out a single actual discrepancy in his work.
And if you are well read on the topic you should know that even non controversial scholars like Barry Cunliffe would disagree with the shallow view presented in this video, not even to speak about the actual inaccuracies rampant throughout. I still like it because there is not much content speaking about these cultures and their massive impact so the more videos the better, but attacking Beckwith while praising this "documentary" is kind of absurd. 😅
@@dimitriradoux You actually admitted that he based his theories solely on linguistic 'evidence,' nothing more, which for a historian (not a linguist) is controversial to say the least. I will give you examples of his lack of historical knowledge. He says that the Scythians had the world's first empire. Aside from the fact that the term 'empire' is ludicrous, he seems to have no knowledge of chronology since, for example, Egyptians and Akkadians had great empires long before the dates which he states that the Scythian 'empire' existed. Furthermore, his theory that Anacharis was the first Greek (?) philosopher is absurd both chronologically and historically. You accuse me of being unable to point out a single actual discrepancy of his work; how about those that I already mentioned, like the fact that the Scythians invented monotheism and Buddhism? Another non-professional attitude of Christopher Beckwith is his constant attack on other 'mainstream' scholars throughout his book. I quite like that you are referring to Barry Cunliffe as a non-controversial scholar, since it means that you acknowledge Christopher Beckwith is indeed a very controversial scholar. Barry Cunliffe is an actual historian who does not stretch out wild theories; he just presents the hard evidence. And since I quite recently read his book on the Scythians, your claim about this video just makes it clear that it is you who haven't read his book. This video is basically a summary of his book, but according to you, Barry Cunliffe himself would disagree with many 'inaccuracies' of this video. Please, my friend, be my guest, point out all the inaccuracies that Cunliffe would disagree with.
@@balkanmountains2-3131 Please refrain from lying as that is not what I said ;) , and yes linguistics are a big part, not the only of Beckwith's argument and history in general! History actually looks at historic thus textual thus linguistic evidence, it's literally the study of texts!
And no Beckwith does not say the Scythians had the worlds first empire ;),
page 15 of just the prologue "However, the father of Astyages, Cyaxares, had already overthrown the mighty Assyrian Empire. The Mede realm take over by Cyrus - an event also recorder in Akkadian Sources -"
Does it seem like he lacks the context or historical knowledge?
And Anacharsis is a very early philosopher from about the same time as Thales of Miletus so I really don't see what is wrong with that argument, he is pre Heraclitus and Pythagoras.
Did you make this documentary is that the issue? Because maybe you should start again at the beginning before the Scythians with getting even the Corded Ware's relationship to the Yamnaya right, which with the latest genetic evidence is clearly shown to emerge from the Yamnaya mixing with the late Neolithic Europeans in the steppe border zone rather then "merging with the Corded Ware" 😂 and no I will not spend my time watching this video again, I am a bit to busy for that 😉
@@mr.purple1779 What 😅 , really what are you even replying too? What point are you trying too make 🤷♂️? Btw just Tocharian is fine otherwise you should also say Indo-Iranian.
@@mr.purple1779not entirely accurate but yes Tocharian is thought to be one of the oldest Indo European languages sub group to split off and yes the so called Anatolian languages of which Hittite is one seem to have split off even earlier. Still do not understand why that is relevant to the discussion at hand though 😅🤷♂️
I greatly appreciated the hardwork that you put in over a long time. I enjoyed this film. I m hopeful that you will be able to get some more dynamic footage for the 'migratory period'. Maybe superimpose map & horseriders to make it a bit ' cinematic'. The PhD s jealous of you wished they had a film like you. They usually have works that after the presentation stay within the covers of a journal gathering dust. I wish you the best and may your work be seen by the descendants of the Scythians. It will surely make them happy and give them dignity. Many of them live under harsh conditions[the Wakhi and the Sarikoli, the Ossetians]. I will let some of them know about this film. It is great to bring back into our minds these great horsemen...when we will meet their great grandchildren we will appreciate their resilience over time...
You Tube has several videos of
todays Ossetians, partial descendants of Saka, etc.
When people sang in groups for the first time in history, what geometric shapes did they create to sing together?
Circles?
@@eztvlight1202 Were ploughs wedge-shaped in the past?
@@eztvlight1202 The word KÖR means circle in Hungarian.
The word KÖRÖS in Hungarian means a property of circular things. There is such a river, called KÖRÖS because it describes large circular arches in its course before the rivers were regulated.
KÓRUS means chorus in Hungarian. According to linguists, it is a Greek word that came into the Hungarian language through Latin transmission. In Greek the word was KOROS, and meant a circle dance. The Hungarian word KÖRÖS, on the other hand, is of Finno-Ugric origin, according to linguists. Are you sure?
Just a thought. If the climate can warm up enough, maybe all of that land can be used for planting.
That's true, but for this to happen, several thousand years must pass. Unless humans develop new technology capable of hasting that process.
where do you get the water?
The sky@@davidjacobs8558
@@davidjacobs8558 Water isn't an issue there is water everywhere. Just look at Ghaddafi's man made river, or how an oasis forms underground rivers and lakes that flow through this world like veins in our body.
5:50 the map of yamnaya is absolutely incorrect
Herodotus contradicted himself on the topic of the Scythians later in life.
Dear editor III
Where did Alexander get so many soldiers if not from the Scythians or the Sarmatians. That is, the Serbs. From Sa-bratu or relatives, brothers. His uncle (where he learned to hunt and fight) is from the area of southern Serbia. He got the horse from his brother Vandal. Pela was actually Bela meaning White, just as the Pelazgi are actually Belazgi - white people. Just as Arzavi or Rzavi people are actually red / brown haired people. Alexander fell into Greek intrigues after conquering the Greek cities and was used by his mother to make war with the Persians. The original Sa-brat plan was the liberation of the tribes in western Turkey today, which he achieved with the victory on the Granik river, which means border. In the land of Mysia, which comes from the word - Medja what means border too. The same as Moesia was in Romea. Where the Sa-brats lived. They all became Greeks after Alexander's conquests. The Lydian tribe-from the word Lidi what means - people, the Phrygian tribe-or Brigi, Bregi from word Breg which represents a mountain. People from the Balkan Mountains who came to Anatolia after the fall of the Hittites who were defeated by the People from the Sea - again from the Balkan and Apennine tribes.
Considering the scarcity and obscurity of Scythian writing, w/o Herodotus there would be next to nothing known about these people.
You're right. Despite his many flaws, Herodotus' work is incredibly valuable.
@@historicaladventurevideosBut you did not make the video as described by Herodotus. The Scythians lived from the Danube to the Don, which is Ukraine. The richest finds were found in Ukraine.
@@Echinacea_purpurea You can see from my sources that I didn't base the video solely on Herodotus' work. The main source for this video is the renowned archaeologist and academic, Barry Cunliffe. The Scythians were not confined solely to the borders of Ukraine; according to archaeological findings, they inhabited a vast area of land stretching from central Asia to the Danube. However, you are correct in noting that the richest finds of Western Scythians were discovered in Ukraine. I showcased these findings in the video, including the kurgans and the abundant gold artifacts.
@@historicaladventurevideos The Scythians are the Greek name for the Skolots with whom they lived next door, the ancestors of Ukrainians, not Asian nomads. Why call those who were not Scythians? Not all nomads were Scythians.
The Scythians lived settled or nomadic for short distances. There are many of them in Ukraine: from the Black Sea to Kiev. The Scythians are part of the history of Europe, not Asia.
@@historicaladventurevideos Look at the Ukrainians and Tuvans. Do you see anything in common? No! But why did you unite the nomads of Europe and Asia into one people?
Thanks for using accurate pronunciation, sounding the C/K in Skythian. I augh everytime I hear a British speaker call them Sithians. It’s ridiculous, just because the C/K sound in scythe was dropped in English, it doesn’t mean they’re all silent. They don’t send their children to “sool” for example, they send them to “skool” (school) don’t they? We all have some bizarre pronunciations, though, some Easterners here in the US pronounce human as yooman! Then, they put an “an” in front, so “an yooman” for a human. At first, I didn’t know what they heck they were talking about! Yoomans? From California.
Were ploughs wedge-shaped in the past?
The shakas.. Many indian emperors were Scythian
Shake 🦌 Skifi 🦌
Frank 🐆
Kush, kus🐕 IshKuZa , asKuza, kushAn
Kambis 🐃 KambisEna KambeCan, Kambodca sanskrit Budda
Budda Shake Skia Indian
Sake 🦌 , Arati?
Art osetinski 🔥
Boginia Arta? 🐂🔥
Gal 🐂 , Galia,
Oseti GalOn, GaliAt,
Bshi GaluAn
Skifi gele,gelaTi, gilian, GeliStan,gilaki
Tura🐺
Arsa 🐻 Arsania, Arsa, ArsAk, ArsaKid, Arsa osetinski
Donbai 🦁 MitriDat, Atei
Hur 🌞 MatHura Mat Hura,hur 🌞Mitra Bog, HariDvari? 🌞 Xur , dvari duar osetinski
🔥 Art , 3 Arta
AstArta? Ast 8, 🔥 Arta
💥 AstArta , 8 🔥
The world is changing….I am Hungarian a Royal Scythian but a small nation today just like Rome or Greece 😮💨🧐🤣
I'm new to all this but I wonder if there's a connection to the Gutiens. Tried to go south, didn't work out, went north?
Or some relation to Amorites or whereverthey came from...they sound similar in some ways. Or I'm just talking out of my butt.
There's not really any connection, to be honest. The Gutians and the Amorites were people of the Bronze Age Near East, with a completely different culture, language, and way of life compared to the Scythians. The only common thing that the Scythians and the Amorites share is that they were both nomadic peoples and were considered 'barbarians' by their respective neighbors.
No, you're not. Peoples' migrations, languages and histories are fascinating but confusing and information-intensive. Books and videos by anthropologist/historian Dr. Robert Sepehr helped me understand, although I'm still learning. His work is a treasure trove of true history, which most of us were never taught. ua-cam.com/video/XXL09iWJrfs/v-deo.html
Ahhh yes scythe
Your question to address EVERY inaccuracy in accordance with Barry Cunliffe’s view 😅 very reasonable. You mentioned one thing on Beckwith’s view which I directly pointed it out to be incorrect. 🤷♂️
He does go far with his links, but it is always supported by evidence(check the references!) and it is a very interesting and thought provoking work that deserves attention.
No one took Gimbutas serious until after she was gone 😉 and it’s reductionist to say it’s only based on word connections without any historical knowledge/context.
The reason for mentioning Beckwith is about New hypotheses and connections still being made which time will tell us in the end if it’s more or less on point when we find more supporting or contradictory evidence 🤷♂️
And yes Rolle and Rea are good reads on the subject although Rolle is getting a bit dated 😉
Btw I have a copy of Barry’s book with me wherever I travel even if it’s just to look at the great artwork. And I travel more than half of the year 🤫 😅 his book on the Celts is great as well.
What are some of the claims that Beckwith states in his book that contradict this video? I haven't read his book so I'm curious.
Archaeology has proved Herodotus correct time and time again. For example, he said the Skythians sometimes burned hemp seeds on bronze tripods inside their tents. Historians didn’t believe this until archaeological excavations proved it was true. (This might have been part of a religious ritual?). Of course, Herodotus didn’t get every single thing right, who does? But, he actually visited most of the places and peoples he wrote about, gathered their histories, looked at their cultural practices and wrote down what he learned. He also gathered first-hand accounts from natives of other regions. He was the first true factual historian, he notes what is hearsay, legend, etc., and what he saw or heard himself. History means “researches” and is a discipline that he invented.
Dear editor
Skitati is a word for - to wander in Serbain language. Western Scythians were setlled, they ruled the eastern ones, that is why they are Royal Scythians, At least till Casipian see. Central Asian wander because of attack of Turkish tribes. Real antropological, archeological, genetic Turks.
Sarmat is distorted word for - Sa-brati. Or brothers, relatives. Serbs still have that name for their nation, but before the use of the word Slav, the same Sarmatian-Roman name was used for all Central European and Southern Slavs. In germanic language noncatholised Vendes or Vandals. Scythians is a Greek name for the same people. Slav has been used since the 5th century as a word for a slave nation (scalves) in the area of Roman Illyricum, Moesia, Thrace, Dardania, Macedonia, where the Sarmatians - or Serbs - lived. The same name is used for those across the Limes, i.e. the Danube further north. Where does Romea get the slaves from. In cities, the population is Romanized, but not in the countryside. It raises uprisings in cooperation with those across the Danube until the 3rd, 4th, 5th centuries, when they give the most emperors of Christian Romea. Liberation comes in the 6th century and the withdrawal of Romea and Romanized Serbs to Thessaloniki, Constantinople, the Peloponnese and Constanta.
Serbian kings are the only kings who bear the title Rex Sclavorum. Czechs, Poles appear in the 9th century, Slovaks in the 18th/19th, as well as Slovenians. Their name comes from the word Sclavonia - or small principality, which was also used in ancient times. Croats appeared in the 16th century with the Catholicization of the Serbs and the appearance of a forgery of Porphyrogenet. Bulgarians are Scythians like Russians like Hungarians. From the word Serb comes also word Serf. There is no empirical proof of migrations of allready setlled western people (only nomadic eastern Scythians). So they could not come from Ukraine like german Drang nach osten school is learning. Only warrior groups came who later mixed with local serbian people. Archeology, ethnological proofs, genealogy prove this.
The word KÖR means circle in Hungarian.
The word KÖRÖS in Hungarian means a property of circular things. There is such a river, called KÖRÖS because it describes large circular arches in its course before the rivers were regulated.
KÓRUS means chorus in Hungarian. According to linguists, it is a Greek word that came into the Hungarian language through Latin transmission. In Greek the word was KOROS, and meant a circle dance. The Hungarian word KÖRÖS, on the other hand, is of Finno-Ugric origin, according to linguists. Are you sure?
Nice presentation, the Scythians would maraud Chinese cities. China asked for Gogueryo (Korea’s) help to push them out. They brought the cross bow and chariot to East Asia. Hope I don’t see more nonsense about how they’re related to Anglo-Saxonshere. I think this happened around 600 AD. They left a trading city were the Uyghurs are now. They were Caucasian known for 6:46 their red hair. Now they’re pretty much mixed Eurasians. China still fears them that’s why they’re marrying the Uyghurs to Han Chinese and giving them money to do so. Apparently there are 1000’s of burials from that time but the Chinese don’t want any scientists to study them.
Schetian&sarmatian iranian tradition and believes hasn’t changed much we see it through Iran and in Iranian Plato even up today.
Even the celts feared these tribes.
fuckin love this shit
Halljátok magyarok,
Szkíták, hunok, avarok,
Egy húsból, egy vérből
Véletek egy vagyok!
Sakyas? So the Buddha was of Scythian descent?
Actually he was
Exactly as was Zoroaster
There is no strong supporting evidence that he was, this idea mainly stems from Beckwith so it is questionable
@@inigomontoya8943No he wasn’t 🤦♂️😂 He was a Hindu prince born into a Hindu family, there is also no strong evidence to suggest that he was a Scythian (ua-cam.com/video/IszdlMn3Yb4/v-deo.htmlsi=hPrtzNDhubIDP3_N)
Sacyans в переводе на Осетинский олень-олени , так же осталась фамилия Sakyev
They were our ancestors!
Like in most other Eurasian steppe cultures, the women of the Skythians were well trained in weapons and warfare. This send shock waves to the patriarchalic ancient Greeks and caused the sagas of the Amazons and the Amazon paintings (on vases at example). To say that the Skythian women were mostly at home and only the men went into the war is simply nonsense. Such things can only say people who have not much idea from the nomadic Eurasian steppe cultures and their history. In all of these cultures the women - as a simple necessarity, to defend the camps and lifestocks, to get back stolen or robbed own lifestock from other groups or to attack other camps to steel or rob their lifestock - were absolutely necessary, especially if the men were not there. The Skythian women warrior attacked also the ancients Greeks and to the shock of the ancient Greeks, they had huge problems against these women on the battlefields, because the strong reflex bows of the steppe peoples were the "machine guns" of antiquity and middle ages and in these times the ancient Greeks (like the most other ancient settled cultures) couldn't handle on battlefields these horse-mounted nomadic archery. Bud especially, because there were these nomadic women warriors who defeated the proud male Greece soldiers again and again shocked the patriarchalic Greeks till into their base. Therefore they created the sagas and paintings of the Amazons to manage these experiences psychically.
I thought the Scythians were the inspiration of Centaurs. Thought Amazons were from another group. I think the Amazons and Scythians are enemies, but that might be from me watching Xena.
tUrKs being : A Day Without Looting Iranian Culture and History is a Wasted Day
Its not true.Scythians were protoTurk,not Indo arian.My y haplogroups is R1a Z93,Syntashta culture mans were R1a Z93 too.We are Turk,Our language Turkish.We are not indo arian.European history scientist not honest.Kurgan grave culture were Turks and from Hungaria to East Turkistan the people Turks and speaking Turkish.We dont stole any others culture we only say who we are.And Scythians were Turk and they fight agaist iranian.The ancient genetics shows that Scythians more smilar to Turks,not indo arian.
@@sametpolat009 I’m neither Turk or Iranian so I have no dog in the is fight but I never once heard anyone claim the Scythians were Turkic
@@richardstanley7661 because you listened wrong persons
@@sametpolat009 maybe you have
The theory of royal scyths with a common male ancestor actually has a modern analogue. According to ethnological studies from the beginning of 20th century around 53 thousand male kazakhs had status of Töré with geneology going back to Ghenghis khan descendants. Nowadays this number can go up to several hundred thousand people in Kazakhstan alone
Love the effort, just a bit too many inaccuracies and outdated superficial views. Might want to look a bit deeper into newer linguistics work by Beckwith or more recent genetic evidence. If you want someone to have a look at your script on a next attempt let me know, I am all for these steppe cultures finally getting the recognition they deserve!
Beckwith's book is full of innacuracies. He claims that the Scythians invented feudalism, monotheism, Buddhism, the first empire, the Chinese dynasties and pretty much everything in the world without giving any explanation or reputable sources to support this 'evidence'.
Christopher Beckwith is hardly a reputable source.
@@balkanmountains2-3131 That statement needs some actual backing my friend, Christopher Beckwith’s scholarship is undeniable and especially regarding this topic in the more eastern part of the steppe cultural influence sphere. So please elaborate why you think so with actual examples regarding the subject at hand “the Scythians”. Or are you just one of those people who doesn’t like the fact he actually gives these cultures the credit they deserve 😉
@@dimitriradoux I'm all for steppe cultures getting the credit they deserve, but I'm against giving credit where credit is not due. While I've read Christopher Beckwith's book and don't doubt his knowledge on language, that's about where my acknowledgment of this book ends. The rest consists of wildly speculative theories which he presents as facts. He seems to take advantage of the fact that not many scholars hold professional degrees on Scythian culture due to the lack of literate sources, ensuring there aren't many who would take the time to refute his claims. Even the title of the book, 'Scythian Empire,' is misleading, as he doesn't make an effort to explain if and how the Scythians actually had an 'empire'. His theories rely solely on word similarities, from which he extrapolates far-fetched ideas. This approach is unprofessional, to say the least, and not suited for a historian. He essentially claims that the Scythians invented everything from monotheism to Buddhism and even pants (!) , all while demonstrating a serious lack of historical knowledge, such as the chronology of the Egyptian and Persian Empires, as well as the content of works by Herodotus and Diogenes Laertius. In conclusion, his book is a conglomeration of wild claims and theories based on a few Scythian words. Therefore, this hardly qualifies as a scholarly approach.
@@dimitriradoux For some weird reason UA-cam keeps deleting my replies to you. I posted my reply on the comment section where I back my previous statement, if you'd like to read it.
They were masters of Asia - mainly the Caspian Sea and Siberia.
The Hungarians who conquered at the end of the century were 10-15% of the local population. 60% of the conquering population were genetically similar to the Bashkirs and Volga Tatars (former Volga Bulgars) living today. Among the ancient archaeological cultures, they were genetically related to the OKUNEVO culture, Siberian Scythians (based on samples of bones from Scythians living in Tuva and present-day Kazakhstan), Scythians found in Pazyryk in the Altai Mountains, Sagly-Uyuk culture, Xiongnu culture found in western Mongolia. Hungarians considered themselves Scythians and Huns (Scythians among the Huns) according to our ancient chronicles. Video: ua-cam.com/video/6tjGxX-4ZZA/v-deo.html time: 20:02.
Lol no.
@@iainleask773 salty over Attila
@@favored.by.almighty what? I don't know what you're implying.
Scythians moved East to become Xiongnus, and moved back west to become the Huns.
obviously, there were a lot of blood mixing along the way.
@@davidjacobs8558 I have to disagree slightly. Xiongnu would have been more native to East Asia. They were probably early turkic or yenesian.
Let me state this. The US media is claiming Tartars are the indigenous people of Crimea. The oldest people living in that area, that is still there today, are the Greeks. The video stated, They colonized this area, even before the Scythians reach that area, which I thought predated the Greeks. This is why cities in teh area have Pol in the end of their name. it comes from the greek word for city, polis. We see it in Sevastopol, Mariupol, Meritipol
Crimean Tatars are mainly of Anatolian-Balkan origin, apparently from the Bospor kingdom. So these US media don't fool you. Tatars live throughout the forest-steppe strip from the Black Sea region to Altai. If the Crimean are mainly Aatolian, then the Volga Tatars have an average of 60-80% of the Iron Age steppe + Altaic steppe. Which makes them the oldest inhabitants of this all vast area.
Herodotus wrote that the Scythians lived from the Danube to the Don, which is Ukraine. He described the rivers of Ukraine, Scythian plowmen and farmers. Most mounds and finds were found in Ukraine. This video is to justify Russia's invasion of Ukraine.
@@Echinacea_purpurea Lol, what are you talking about? You are highly projecting. This is a video about ancient history of an ancient nomadic peoples that once existed in these lands. Ukrainians and Russians are not mentioned (both are medieval nations, not ancient). Not even once.
@@winterwolf34 The Scythians are the Greek name for the Skolots with whom they lived next door, the ancestors of Ukrainians, not Asian nomads. Why call those who were not Scythians? Not all nomads were Scythians.
The Scythians lived settled or nomadic for short distances. There are many of them in Ukraine: from the Black Sea to Kiev. The Scythians are part of the history of Europe, not Asia.
@@Echinacea_purpurea you s * * * imposter
Scytheians Bulgaria 🇧🇬
Lots of available teas are roasted roots. Does it matter?
Actually if u only would read the persian scripts u will find out that cyrus died after a battle in hindustan india pierced by a thrown speer . But i guess u listen more to herodots version
Anything linking “Punjabi Jatts or jaats “ genealogy to scythians ?? Because many jatts from Punjab claim this decadency. Thanks
Interestingly enough, modern reconstructions of Scythian appearance feature mostly Asian-looking people wearing intricate clothes. But archeological findings (like jewelry or decorations of Scythians) depict simple-dressed bearded people looking more like typical Germanic/Celtic/Slavic warriors.
Только бородатыми могут быть не только эти народы, например иранцы также густую бороду иметь могут.
К тому же многие народы считают их предками
Because they started mixing with East Asian woman their y dna is 99% west Eurasian
In the book ANCIENT SHOCK, this tribe is depicted as having more Neanderthal DNA than the surrounding tribes and that of todays humans. Also, the Picts.
you could gain 100x the channel followers focusing your editing efforts on the dissection and redistribution of the content within Asha Logos, Kat the Fryan and Robert Sepehr …
Sweet
Loved Asha’s Scythians video
Not everyone is interested in scammers and degenerates in order to waste time on this.
@@mr.purple1779 what's your favorite Asha video?
You ask yourself that question.@@inigomontoya8943
Historians now say that Amazons
were Saka women, who so intrigued the Greeks.& modern
Westerners & their authors &
film makers + their audiences.
Thanks very informational. So basically Scythians are the ancestors of today central Asian countries
I really wanted to enjoy this video… but the diction is so bad that I gave up at the 12th minute. 🤷🏻♀️
The diction is fine. It is a little bit unnatural but at least clear to non British/ Irish/ American South/ or American Black Ebonic speakers.
Excellent vedeo “Saka” or “Sacae” comes from *Isaac the son of Abraham scattered by Assyrian exile,* but only high status families survived at the hands of those invaders. The invading Assyrians failed to take Jerusalem (Jews) and a Steele (large stone with writing) boasted this whole invasion. Simultaneously biblical records, record the same disaster of the same event. Jews are not these tribes, but they are all Hebrews. Scots are from them too.
I'm Tajik from Tajikistan and I'm Sakae Haumavarga.
No, Tajiks are the Persian inhabitants of scythia . Tajiks are west-Iranians, scythians were east-Iran7an speakers such as Pashtuns, noorestanis , Ossetians .
@@Light_spot_Tajiks are genetically the closest modern population to Scythians. It’s true however, that they speak a western Iranian language.
@@alwaysright3943 Well as all ppl ,they are influenced by their involvement picking steppe DNA , however you must understand that , these genetic codes aren't ethno-linguistic definitions, Scythian was an ethno-linguistic / cultural term , Same as Persian , these definitions explain the cultural aspects of these ppl . Meaning that the western-Iranian-speaking branch ,no matter how further in the eastern borders , or western borders , belonged to a certain cultural past that separated them from the eastern-speaking branch , each branch followed certain religions, certain cultural frames , certain shared history etc etc , but due to the expantion ,they each got influenced genetically by their representative involvements , its like a British and an Australian , over time they each pick from their own involvement and their neighboring, but they are still past of a same ethno-cultural origin .
@@alwaysright3943 Ossetians, Pashtuns or nourestanis are the closest ,both ethnically and genetically .
@@Light_spot_ Nope. The closest genetic proximity to the Scythians is found in Pamiri Tajiks. Ossetians aren’t genetically close to Scythians at all, despite speaking a descendant language of theirs.
That is a misunderstanding that was falsified long long time ago: stepp peoples did not rely only on animals they had wheat, millet, barley, the had fruits apple, pear, plum, peach, they had vine and they made wine, they were fishing and hunting, and apart from wine they used magic mushroom and cannabis. Not just meat and milk, that is bullshit. The other thing is their language: no records! We have no idea what they spoke. Only names of man geography or tribes remained, but that means nothing. Every christian uses hebrew names… All the stepp empires those days were non-ethnic, multi cultural. The have diverse languages, religions, race. Both turk, iranian, mongolian and uralic.
thanks for the upload...one of the few objective videos about scythians so far...the only thing i disagree with is,what considers the way of life and traditions,even place names and the nomadic lifestyle...theyre all siberian,step,ural,altay prototurkic...how come they should speak an indo european language? i strongly believe that their language was uralic,maybe altaic,a mixture of protohunnic voc mixed with turkic,mongolic,even gothic words...one day will come and the world will accept,that kurgan,yoghurt,kimiz,their language was closer to the ural altay language...🙏
Sounds like you are simply a Turk who wants to project their own national pride onto the Scythians. Based on inscriptions and ancient texts we know their language was iranic (indo euro)
Their language was Indo-Iranic, it is known that the Scythians could converse with the Iranic people from the Persian empire.
@@sknmttn i wouldnt be so sure...they are the forefathers of the huns,and later göktürks...id rather say,they must have been multilingual,their mothertongue prototurkic/uralic,but spoke most probably protogreek,indo european,persian as well...
@@nukhetyavuz They were Indo-Iranian people they were not Turkic.
The majority of humanity was never taught true history. Archeologist and historian, Dr. Robert Sepehr has written many books and also has a diverse YT video library, where he discusses these fascinating cultures in great detail.
Dear editor II
Masa Getae- are the same name as Geate or Goths have. St Jeronim learned us that name Getea were transformed in his time in name Goths. They were arians confronting animistic/polytheistic Huns same as Vandals who came in contact with christianity through Balcan connections and amber raod missionaries. Goths are not Germans neither are Vandals. Dictionary of Vandalic words is in book Regnum Scalvorum. Reason for Drang nach osten and Lebensraum is finished.
Thanks Scythians for the eye and hair color.
They had dark hair and eyes
@@Manuka-px2pethey didn’t until later when they started mixing
@@Manuka-px2peThat’s not even correct.
Scitians or skiti is in alll slavic languages is the term for walking and still we have the same language as Sanskrit in India 😅 the hole true story still same like in Balkans
dont forget that the scythian had some language lik iranian median.
No, we don't have a clue about the Median language since there are no accounts, but it was probably the same as Persian a west-Iranian language, while scythian and east-iranuss and their languages split from the weste-Iranians some 4000 yres ago.
Scythians build a society of peaceful mutually beneficial coexistence of ger,manic, baltic, slavic, finno-ugric and iranic tribes, creating the richest society on earth, free from slavery and serfdom and strong enough to beat any invaders.
Scythia was a true golden age of european civilization, neither Rome nor Greece.
Scythians is Turkic. Nah iranian
@@Samanyolu-ov1ykthey are not Turks or Iranians lol
Bal (Honey)> Mel >Mil >Meli > Melit > Melis =(yumuşak, hoş kokulu, tatlı / yummy, mellow, balmy, malleable, dessert, sweet) >>>> Melon
Al-Bal (red-sweet) =Alpal (Apple) >Afal >Almel> Alme > Alma
Mel-ak (sweet-white-)>Mela >Mal >Mar >Milo> Melam >>>Milk
Almel - Melah >> Elma =Apple
Meltem= mellow wind = breeze
Mel-melat = marmelat = marmellata
Melisa = balm / jam / rosin
Melamine = chemical resin
(Mel-hem) merhem=(almost-balm) > ointment
(Mel-sumac) mercimek = lentil
Mel-audio = melody
TH > T / D
TS > S / Ş
Thuith >Tuits > Tiss / Diş = tooth (dental)
Thuıth > Thuıts > Tuıss / Dış = outer ( external)
Thuss > - Suz = (- Less) >>without it / free from it / it's got rid of that
Dışarı / Dış taraf = outside
Dışsal = external
Dışı = out of...
(Suz)> Sız/siz - Suz/süz = without / less
Kanat = Wing /Kanatsız = Wingless
Su= water > Su-suz = water-less / anhydrous
Suç =crime > Suçsuz=innocent (freed from blame)
Şeker= Sugar > Şekersiz= without sugar / sugar free
Kitap= book / Kitapsız = without books / free from books
Ücret = fee / ücretsiz = free /ücret dışı =out of fee
Gereksiz = needless / İhtiyaç dışı/ lüzumsuzca =unnecessary
Kanunsuz/hukuksuz = unlawful / Kanun dışı = outside the law
Hukuk-yasa =law > Yasal =legal / Yasadışı = illegal
Görüş = sight / görüş dışı = out of sight
Sadık -vefalı-vefakar= loyal / sadakatsiz-vefasız= disloyal
Beğeni = like / beğeni dışı= dislike
Bağlantı = connect / bağlantı dışı=disconnect
NATURAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS
(akar-eser / eser-eger)
EĞER-ISE = (EVEN-IF)
(su AKAR- yel ESER) = water flows - wind blows
İSE-EĞER = (IF-EVER)
(yel ESER- ekin EĞER)= the wind blows and bows the crops
EĞER-ISE and İSE-EĞER constructs are used to specify "conditions" and are often used interchangeably.
İSE-EĞER: means "If ever" and indicates a condition that is more likely to occur.
"If ever you need any help, just let me know." (Yardıma ihtiyacın olursa eğer, sadece haberim olsun) or (Herhangi bir yardıma ihtiyaç duyarsan, bana haber vermen yeterli)
“If I'm not tired, we can visit them in the evening.” = “Yorgun değilsem eğer, akşamleyin onları ziyaret edebiliriz”
EĞER-ISE: means "Even if" and indicates a condition that is less likely to occur.
"Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk." (Yarın yürüyüşe çıkacağım, eğer yağmur yağıyor olsa da ) or (Yarın yağmur yağsa bile yürüyüşe çıkacağım.)
“Why should i go to work, (even) if I'm not getting my salary” = Eğer maaşımı alamıyorsam, neden işe gideyim ki.
Scythians are a Slavic tribe because they have a Slavic name. "Scythians" means "Nomads" in the Slavic language, very simply.
Slavic ...is slave right?
@@leonorabarany5061 in slavic languages root of Slavic is "slava" which means glory or celebration. Slavic people are the only ones that didn't have slaves in history, your word slave comes from enslaving slavic people and asking them about their heritage. So I guess you were right. Slavic means slave, but in your language.
And (some) end up spreading Buddhism ... kind of a swift 180 in lifestyle! Uh yeah ... that one got me 😆
So the earliest scythians as the Scot’s and picts stated is true. With their burial cairns and Circular motifs not to mention the picts tattoos. Scots being also from Ireland. Interesting. Ofcourse on their travels mixing with Germanic and Celtic peoples as well as others. Would explain the fighting styles of the picts and Scot’s early on. Although I wonder about any exaggeration about the sacrificing.
Your forefathers were sky turks.
“Sky Turks” pretty sure there’s a big bad word that starts with an A that serves as a better descriptor,
@@jakemocci3953 go on say it
saka = Saksa = Saxa
burial traditions seem similar to vikings'.