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Thank you very much for this work. You really do great concise videos, explain it well and target the right questions that a lot of beginners like me wonder about.
★ If you are familiar with Russian cases you will know that we have 6 variations of these four personal pronouns. So there is 24 forms of these personal pronouns. Here are the personal pronouns in the Genitive: Я=I[YA] Меня́[Menya] Ты=you[Ty] Тебя́[Tebya] Он=He[On] Eго́ / него́[Yevo/Nevo] + У[at,by] Она́=She[Ana] Eё / неё[yeyo/neyo] Оно́=it[Ano] Его́ / него́ Мы=We[My] Нас[Nas] Вы[Vy]=You[plural/sing.formal Вас [Vas] Pronouns of the dative case. To use a personal pronoun in the dative case, you should use the following: Мне - me.[Mnye] Тебе - you (informal).[Tebye] Ему[Yemu] (m), Ему (n), Ей [Yey](f) - him, it, her. Нам - us.[Nam] Вам - you (formal, or plural).[Vam] Им - them.[Im] Personal Pronouns Of The Accusative Case • Меня - Me.[Menya] • Тебя - You (informal)[Tebya] • Его ("yevo") - Him. • Её - Her.[Yeyo] • Нас - Us.[Nas] • Вас - You (formal, or plural)[Vas] • Их - Them.[Ikh] Here are the personal pronouns used in the nominative case. • Я - I.[YA] • Ты - You (informal)[Ty] • Он - He, It (m)[On] • Она - She, It (f)[Ana] • Оно - It (n)[Ano] • Мы - We.[My] • Вы - You (formal, or plural)[Vy] • Они - They.[Ani] Pronouns - Instrumental Case • Мной - Me.[Mnoy] • Тобой - You.[Taboy] • Им - Him.[Im] • Ей - Her.[Yey] • Им - It.[Im] • Нами - Us.[Nami] • Вами - You (plural)[Vami] • Ими - Them.[Imi]
The reason for this strange thing is the preposition с. This word used to be сън many centuries ago, it's cognate with the latin preposition *cum* for example. So what happened was that сън имъ melted together to сънимъ because those two words together formed one phonological word. Later, when all word-final consonants dropped, the word сън became съ and later с and со. The phrase сънимъ however became сним because the н was in the middle of the word and not in the end. And now you just need to write it separately and you've got с ним. That's the starting point from which the rule that Федор explained got created.
This is more of when to use it, rather than why. I believe the why is in order to distinguish between a regular pronoun and a possessive pronoun. EG, У него есть собака. (Regular pronoun) У его собаки есть поводок. (Possessive pronoun) Anyway! Best of luck :)
Prepositions Nominative Usually, nominative has no prepositions, but there are several cases where some scholars believe it has: • (что) за - (what a) • в - into, as a (plural denoting new state) Accusative • в(о) - to • на - to • с(о) - approx • за - for • о - against (physical contact) • под - under • по - up to, as far as • про - on the topic of • сквозь - through, across • через - in, after, by Genitive • без - without • близ - near, close • вдоль - along • вместо - instead of • вне - outside of • внутри - inside, within • возле - by, near • вокруг - about, around • для - for • до - until • из(о) - of, outside of, from • из-за - from behind • из-под - from below • кроме - except (for) • мимо - past (movement) • накануне - on the eve • около - around • от(о) - off, (away) from • после - after • (на)против - against, across from • ради - for the sake of • с(о) - (down) from • (по)среди - among • у - at, close to. Equivalent to the French "chez" The following prepositions are also used in genitive plural: • мало - few, little • много - a lot, many, much • несколько - a few, not many • ско́лько - how much? how many? Dative • к(о) - to, towards • по - many meanings in English; no direct translation • благодаря - thanks to • вопреки - contrary to, despite • наперекор - in defiance of (more intense than вопреки) • согласно - according to, in accordance with Instrumental • над - above, on top of • под - under, beneath • за - behind, before • перед - in front of • между - in between Prepositional • в(о) - in • на - on • при - in times of, in the • presence of • о(б) - about (becomes обо before мне, что and inflected forms of весь) A rule of thumb to distinguish between в(о) and на: if one can inhabit or enter a space where something is happening, it is на and otherwise it is в(о). Note that there are many exceptions to this rule which must be learnt by rote.
@@maxmiller1717 извините за поправку, но «у вас есть хорошая идея» это не очень корректно звучит. Лучше сказать «у вас хорошая идея» или «это хорошая идея» 😊
i think your table has a mistake (i could be wrong.). the prepositional case row has words listed under “without prepositions”. can you have a prepositional case without a preposition before it? if so then that would make sense. if not, then the row should be blank.
Большое спасибо! Я уже который год не практикуюcь в русском и мне нужна практика! I was wondering, does anyone know the etymological origin of the н- prefix?
Yes, it's quite interesting actually! Originally, the prepositions с, к, and в were сънъ, кънъ, and вънъ. Russian prepositions, even in contemporary Russian, are pronounced with the following word as one unit. For example, “to him” was and (almost still is) pronounced as кънему. When the prepositions were clustered with pronouns that began with consonants, нъ was dropped, which is what led to the eventual simplification of the prepositions to с, к, в. But о and н still make appearances today, e.g. со мной, ко мне, к нему, с ним. Then, after н became identified with the pronoun and no longer the original preposition, people started inserting the н with pronouns after prepositions that never had н in them, e.g. между ними, кроме неё. The one preposition that is an exception to this rule is благодаря ("thanks to"). This word became a preposition very late due to French influence, so adding the н never caught on, e.g. благодаря ему.
★ So the overrule is: If you see a sentence with a preposition followed by: Oн= He[on] Oнa=She[Ana] Oнo=It[Ano] Oни =They[Ani] Make sure to add that extra [H=N] to the beginning of it. And remember to put the preposition in the proper case.
Hello friends! How are you? Привет Друзья! Как дела? Privyet druzya! Kak dela? My name is Fedor, and today you will learn the difference between: Его=Him[Yevo] Нeго[Nevo]=Him Её=Her[Yeyo] Нeё[Nyeyo]=Her Их=Them[Ikh] Ниx[Nikh]=Them Why do we have to add this [Н/N/] in the second variation? What difference will it have on the meaning, or will it? And how are we supposed to use it? 1. First pair: Его=Him[Yevo] Нeго[Nevo]=Him Both of them are variation of the personal pronoun : {Oн= He[on]} in Russian. And both of them are in Genitive case. So, it is not a case difference. It is not like one is in Dative case and the other is in Accusative case, for example. They are both in Genitive case. For example: -Lit: There is non of him here. Meaning: He is not here. Его здесь нет. Yevo zdes' net. So Его[Yevo] means “Him” in this sentence. -We started without him. Мы начали без него. My nachali bez nevo. So, again “Нeго[Nevo]” means him in this sentence. Therefore, both of them: “Нeго[Nevo] & Нeго[Nevo]” mean “him” in these sentences. But the only difference is that “Нeго[Nevo]” has a preposition [без=without] right before {Нeго[Nevo]=him}. So the rule is like this: If there is a preposition before a personal pronoun we add this extra [Н=n] to the beginning of the personal pronoun. 2. Её=Her[Yeyo] VS Нeё[Neyo]=Her Both of them are genitive case of: Oнa[Ana]=She. For example: -I invited her [to come] over. Я позвал её в гости. YA pazval yeyo v gosti. We use Её=Her[Yeyo] here because there is no preposition before it, only a verb[ позвал= I invited] which is a verb; not a preposition. [Позвать/ pozvat'= to call/invite someone over.] This is why there is no extra [Н.] Another example with Нeё[Neyo], this time: She has an older brother. Lit: at her/by her there is an older brother. У неё есть старший брат. U neyo yest' starshiy brat. We have “неё[neyo] here with [H] because there is a preposition before the personal pronoun “ неё[neyo]”. The preposition : У[u]= at, by. But this rule : If there is a preposition before a personal pronoun we add this extra [Н=n] to the beginning of the personal pronoun. Doesn’t apply to all personal pronouns. For example, it doesn’t apply to: We =[Мы/My/] You= [ Tы =informal/Bы=plural or formal sing. (Ty/Vy] I = [Я(YA)] It only applies to: Oн= He[on] Oнa=She[Ana] Oнo=It[Ano] Oни =They[Ani]
@@BeFluentinRussian сначала, предлоги с, к, в были сънъ, кънъ, вънъ. Мы произносим эти предлоги с следующем словом не отдельно а вместе одной единицей, да? Так что, например,, «к нему» предки произносили «кънему». Нъ исчезло в случаях с словами, начинающимися с согласным. Постепенно, предлоги стали знакомыми нам сегодня формами с, к, в. Но о (вместо первой ъ) и н иногда бывают сегодня, например со мной, ко мне, к нему, с ним. Когда стали считать букву н частью не предлога а местоимения, стали добавить н к местоимениям в случаях с предлогами, которым буква н никогда и не принадлежала, например между ними, кроме неё. Единственным исключением является предлог «благодаря». Ведь мы говорим не «благодаря нему» а «благодаря ему»! Поскольку этот предлог является калькой из французского и вошёл в русский язык после всех этих морфологических изменений, правило насчёт предлогов и буквы н не действует в этом случае. Гениально, да?!
Today Sir Michael Collins, who remained on orbit when Apollo 11 landed first humans on the Moon passed away. I told my grandmother who saw the landing and she started crying. She saw it. We bought our first TV to watch it. May he rest in peace. Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un
Thank you very much for this work. You really do great concise videos, explain it well and target the right questions that a lot of beginners like me wonder about.
Hi, I know whatsapp group for Russian learners where you can also ask your questions
★
If you are familiar with Russian cases you will know that we have 6 variations of these four personal pronouns. So there is 24 forms of these personal pronouns.
Here are the personal pronouns in the Genitive:
Я=I[YA] Меня́[Menya]
Ты=you[Ty] Тебя́[Tebya]
Он=He[On] Eго́ / него́[Yevo/Nevo] + У[at,by]
Она́=She[Ana] Eё / неё[yeyo/neyo]
Оно́=it[Ano] Его́ / него́
Мы=We[My] Нас[Nas]
Вы[Vy]=You[plural/sing.formal Вас [Vas]
Pronouns of the dative case.
To use a personal pronoun in the dative case, you should use the following:
Мне - me.[Mnye]
Тебе - you (informal).[Tebye]
Ему[Yemu] (m), Ему (n), Ей [Yey](f) - him, it, her.
Нам - us.[Nam]
Вам - you (formal, or plural).[Vam]
Им - them.[Im]
Personal Pronouns Of The Accusative Case
• Меня - Me.[Menya]
• Тебя - You (informal)[Tebya]
• Его ("yevo") - Him.
• Её - Her.[Yeyo]
• Нас - Us.[Nas]
• Вас - You (formal, or plural)[Vas]
• Их - Them.[Ikh]
Here are the personal pronouns used in the nominative case.
• Я - I.[YA]
• Ты - You (informal)[Ty]
• Он - He, It (m)[On]
• Она - She, It (f)[Ana]
• Оно - It (n)[Ano]
• Мы - We.[My]
• Вы - You (formal, or plural)[Vy]
• Они - They.[Ani]
Pronouns - Instrumental Case
• Мной - Me.[Mnoy]
• Тобой - You.[Taboy]
• Им - Him.[Im]
• Ей - Her.[Yey]
• Им - It.[Im]
• Нами - Us.[Nami]
• Вами - You (plural)[Vami]
• Ими - Them.[Imi]
The reason for this strange thing is the preposition с. This word used to be сън many centuries ago, it's cognate with the latin preposition *cum* for example.
So what happened was that сън имъ melted together to сънимъ because those two words together formed one phonological word.
Later, when all word-final consonants dropped, the word сън became съ and later с and со. The phrase сънимъ however became сним because the н was in the middle of the word and not in the end.
And now you just need to write it separately and you've got с ним. That's the starting point from which the rule that Федор explained got created.
It was so interesting to read. I think, only linguists study history of languages.
Thank you Fedor! I'm Indonesian learning Russian . I love this language 🇷🇺❤️
I love your videos. you are so pro and clear about your explanations
Excited to watch this video later - I'm thankful that you put out so much content for Russian language learners!
You know, it's always interesting to share our native language with others.
Finally someone who can explain this in an easy way. Thanks Fedor 🙏🏻
Большое спасибо за этот фантастический урок.
Талия
Well now I know why do we russians use "его" and "него"
Thanks for the clarification, i kept wondering about this
Hey Fedor, thank you so much for this video, I really enjoyed the table and the depth. Thank you
Спасибо, Я панимаю сейчас :)
This is more of when to use it, rather than why. I believe the why is in order to distinguish between a regular pronoun and a possessive pronoun. EG, У него есть собака. (Regular pronoun) У его собаки есть поводок. (Possessive pronoun) Anyway! Best of luck :)
Prepositions
Nominative
Usually, nominative has no prepositions, but there are several cases where some scholars believe it has:
• (что) за - (what a)
• в - into, as a (plural denoting new state)
Accusative
• в(о) - to
• на - to
• с(о) - approx
• за - for
• о - against (physical contact)
• под - under
• по - up to, as far as
• про - on the topic of
• сквозь - through, across
• через - in, after, by
Genitive
• без - without
• близ - near, close
• вдоль - along
• вместо - instead of
• вне - outside of
• внутри - inside, within
• возле - by, near
• вокруг - about, around
• для - for
• до - until
• из(о) - of, outside of, from
• из-за - from behind
• из-под - from below
• кроме - except (for)
• мимо - past (movement)
• накануне - on the eve
• около - around
• от(о) - off, (away) from
• после - after
• (на)против - against, across from
• ради - for the sake of
• с(о) - (down) from
• (по)среди - among
• у - at, close to. Equivalent to the French "chez"
The following prepositions are also used in genitive plural:
• мало - few, little
• много - a lot, many, much
• несколько - a few, not many
• ско́лько - how much? how many?
Dative
• к(о) - to, towards
• по - many meanings in English; no direct translation
• благодаря - thanks to
• вопреки - contrary to, despite
• наперекор - in defiance of (more intense than вопреки)
• согласно - according to, in accordance with
Instrumental
• над - above, on top of
• под - under, beneath
• за - behind, before
• перед - in front of
• между - in between
Prepositional
• в(о) - in
• на - on
• при - in times of, in the
• presence of
• о(б) - about (becomes обо before мне, что and inflected forms of весь)
A rule of thumb to distinguish between в(о) and на: if one can inhabit or enter a space where something is happening, it is на and otherwise it is в(о). Note that there are many exceptions to this rule which must be learnt by rote.
Учу английский по твоим видео про русский 🤪
У вас есть хорошая идея, иногда я делаю так же когда смотрю русские видео
@@maxmiller1717 😊👍
@@maxmiller1717 извините за поправку, но «у вас есть хорошая идея» это не очень корректно звучит. Лучше сказать «у вас хорошая идея» или «это хорошая идея» 😊
@@stellalove7928 нет не надо, спасибо за поправку 😅 все ясно
What?
i think your table has a mistake (i could be wrong.). the prepositional case row has words listed under “without prepositions”. can you have a prepositional case without a preposition before it? if so then that would make sense. if not, then the row should be blank.
I don't think it is a mistake, in Prepositional case pronouns usually go after a preposition.
he should have put an asterisk before the form to indicate that this is how the form would look if you could actually use it
You are biggest life saver. Subscribed.
Welp, I guess I need to google the definition of "prepositions" after
Excellent explanation!!
This was very helpful
Very helpful! Спасибо!
Thank You Fedor Shirin.
Большое спасибо! Я уже который год не практикуюcь в русском и мне нужна практика! I was wondering, does anyone know the etymological origin of the н- prefix?
Yes, it's quite interesting actually! Originally, the prepositions с, к, and в were сънъ, кънъ, and вънъ. Russian prepositions, even in contemporary Russian, are pronounced with the following word as one unit. For example, “to him” was and (almost still is) pronounced as кънему. When the prepositions were clustered with pronouns that began with consonants, нъ was dropped, which is what led to the eventual simplification of the prepositions to с, к, в. But о and н still make appearances today, e.g. со мной, ко мне, к нему, с ним. Then, after н became identified with the pronoun and no longer the original preposition, people started inserting the н with pronouns after prepositions that never had н in them, e.g. между ними, кроме неё. The one preposition that is an exception to this rule is благодаря ("thanks to"). This word became a preposition very late due to French influence, so adding the н never caught on, e.g. благодаря ему.
hi, if you need practice I can invite you to a whatsapp group for Russian learners
★
So the overrule is:
If you see a sentence with a preposition followed by:
Oн= He[on]
Oнa=She[Ana]
Oнo=It[Ano]
Oни =They[Ani]
Make sure to add that extra [H=N] to the beginning of it. And remember to put the preposition in the proper case.
Hello friends! How are you?
Привет Друзья! Как дела?
Privyet druzya! Kak dela?
My name is Fedor, and today you will learn the difference between:
Его=Him[Yevo] Нeго[Nevo]=Him
Её=Her[Yeyo] Нeё[Nyeyo]=Her
Их=Them[Ikh] Ниx[Nikh]=Them
Why do we have to add this [Н/N/] in the second variation?
What difference will it have on the meaning, or will it?
And how are we supposed to use it?
1.
First pair:
Его=Him[Yevo] Нeго[Nevo]=Him
Both of them are variation of the personal pronoun :
{Oн= He[on]} in Russian. And both of them are in Genitive case.
So, it is not a case difference. It is not like one is in Dative case and the other is in Accusative case, for example. They are both in Genitive case.
For example:
-Lit: There is non of him here.
Meaning: He is not here.
Его здесь нет.
Yevo zdes' net.
So Его[Yevo] means “Him” in this sentence.
-We started without him.
Мы начали без него.
My nachali bez nevo.
So, again “Нeго[Nevo]” means him in this sentence.
Therefore, both of them: “Нeго[Nevo] & Нeго[Nevo]” mean “him” in these sentences.
But the only difference is that “Нeго[Nevo]” has a preposition
[без=without] right before {Нeго[Nevo]=him}.
So the rule is like this:
If there is a preposition before a personal pronoun we add this extra
[Н=n] to the beginning of the personal pronoun.
2.
Её=Her[Yeyo] VS Нeё[Neyo]=Her
Both of them are genitive case of:
Oнa[Ana]=She.
For example:
-I invited her [to come] over.
Я позвал её в гости.
YA pazval yeyo v gosti.
We use Её=Her[Yeyo] here because there is no preposition before it, only a verb[ позвал= I invited] which is a verb; not a preposition.
[Позвать/ pozvat'= to call/invite someone over.]
This is why there is no extra [Н.]
Another example with Нeё[Neyo], this time:
She has an older brother.
Lit: at her/by her there is an older brother.
У неё есть старший брат.
U neyo yest' starshiy brat.
We have “неё[neyo] here with [H] because there is a preposition before the personal pronoun “ неё[neyo]”. The preposition : У[u]= at, by.
But this rule :
If there is a preposition before a personal pronoun we add this extra
[Н=n] to the beginning of the personal pronoun.
Doesn’t apply to all personal pronouns. For example, it doesn’t apply to:
We =[Мы/My/]
You= [ Tы =informal/Bы=plural or formal sing. (Ty/Vy]
I = [Я(YA)]
It only applies to:
Oн= He[on]
Oнa=She[Ana]
Oнo=It[Ano]
Oни =They[Ani]
Спасибо!!!!!
My friend, it is very hard (difficult) to see that table; the letters are too small and the color is not clear. Regards from Ecuador.
А вы знаете почему именно букву н мы добавляем в случаях местоимений с предлогами? Ответ удивительный!
Нет, не знаю:(
@@BeFluentinRussian сначала, предлоги с, к, в были сънъ, кънъ, вънъ. Мы произносим эти предлоги с следующем словом не отдельно а вместе одной единицей, да? Так что, например,, «к нему» предки произносили «кънему». Нъ исчезло в случаях с словами, начинающимися с согласным. Постепенно, предлоги стали знакомыми нам сегодня формами с, к, в. Но о (вместо первой ъ) и н иногда бывают сегодня, например со мной, ко мне, к нему, с ним. Когда стали считать букву н частью не предлога а местоимения, стали добавить н к местоимениям в случаях с предлогами, которым буква н никогда и не принадлежала, например между ними, кроме неё. Единственным исключением является предлог «благодаря». Ведь мы говорим не «благодаря нему» а «благодаря ему»! Поскольку этот предлог является калькой из французского и вошёл в русский язык после всех этих морфологических изменений, правило насчёт предлогов и буквы н не действует в этом случае. Гениально, да?!
Wouldn't it be great if all prepositions took the prepositional case
For sure it wouldn't. Russian would lose so much. :)
The best!
What are the other prepositions besides в/на и о
спасибо ❤
You nailed it ! EXACTLY what I needed to learn today ! ... super simple now ! Cheers !
Спасибо
Meanwhile Till Lindemann (frontman of the band Rammstein) sang the song "Любимый город" in Russian.
hi Spank in Murmansk, can you give me the link. i'm a Rammfan myself. they got very few russian songs.
@@klausfligge3499 the link is being deleted here, go to the official youtube channel "Till Lindemann"
Table used in the video - befluentclass.com/uploads/lesson/images/Personal_Pronouns.png
Cases are so hard in Russian language, but with practice they become ok.
don't worry, you will
When would you use тут vs здесь
Could u show how are they in plural??
❤❤❤❤
Then why is его in this sentence not него. Im confused. "ты смотришь на его кошку"
nevermind. i just figured it out. Even if it has a preposition no matter what if its his, hers, or their (something). It'll always be without the H.
А как насчет " У её родитей сейчас нет работы " ? :)
У её глаз зелёный цвет.
У неё глаза зелёного цвета.
With experience gradually you will intuitively feel how to say the right way.
А в этом предложении "её" ведь является притяжательным местоимением, а не личным.
у неё нет работы - SHE DOESN'T HAVE work
у её родителей нет работы - HER PARENTS don't have work
💜
Today Sir Michael Collins, who remained on orbit when Apollo 11 landed first humans on the Moon passed away.
I told my grandmother who saw the landing and she started crying. She saw it. We bought our first TV to watch it. May he rest in peace. Inna lillahi wa inna ilayhi raji'un