03:20 ABRCMS ePoster Spring Symposium for minority Students 05:32 Daycare at ASV Meeting Links for this episode 06:25 Dorothy Horstmann (Wikipedia) 12:59 Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 experimental vaccine (Cell) 1:18:34 VITT discussion about thrombotic thrombocytopenia cause 44:00. t-SNE (Wikipedia) Timestamps by Jolene Thanks Weekly Picks 1:30:00 Kathy 477-mile-long megaflash lightning in Seattle Times (originally Washington Post) and extra info from Rich World Meteorological Org 1:38:28 Rich NIAID Global Research (Mali) 1:41:51 Alan New method for recycling electric car batteries 1:50:38 Vincent Q and A with A and V Listener Picks 1:52:23 Addie Vaccine Podcast 1:53:28 Jennie Dr Katelyn Jetelina aka Your Local Epidemiologist 1:55:24 How to Support Show
The epidemiologist Katelyn Jetelina, who was mentioned in the listener pick section at 1:54:05, was interviewed on the PBS NewsHour yesterday. You can see the interview at minute 42 of the video. Her first name is two syllables, as if it was "Kate" plus "Lynn", and the first syllable of her last name is pronounced like the word "jet".
The discussion at 1:28:00 and „common cold Corona virus“ I’d like to offer an alternative: „the slightly worse than Influenza virus“. All of the older population with deteriorating immune systems, the transplant and AIDS (…) populations would continue to be at risk, at least for a relatively strong disease episode (like Omicron did. with many vaccinated). There were also a number cases of severe disease and deaths even with boosted patients. Not nearly as many as there would have been absent the vaccines, to be sure, but 95% protection still leaves a large number when you start with 7 billion.
I think there will be 3 classes of people. 1) Those who are uninfectible because of lucky genetics 2) Those who are asymptomatic or very mild 3) Those who get disablingly ill The people who fit into #3, still have a chance to die and probably would have if it weren't for a vaccine and/or natural infection "boosting" them periodically. Arround me, I've heard of quite a few in 20's who died in a couple of days post symptom onset. I'm sure there are many arround the world who rolled unlucky genes or whatever. The vaccine is unlikely to place them into category #1/2. It will get worse with age. Then their children may inherit this SARS-COV2 sensitivity even down the line. We have to remember that "common cold viruses" had 100's or 1000's of years to eliminate most of the human genes sensitive to them. To this day, thanks to a recessive gene we inheritted from chimpanzees or whatever, Rhinovirus C for example, STILL puts a few kids in hospitals and gives them life long ashtma. RSV still kills like 2% of kids in developing world...and can return to cause elderly pnemonia. I think the fact that vaccinated people can still get "long COVID", has gotta tell you something.
Seventh...lol I check every day for a new episode. Always cheers me up when I find one. Thank you for the information, entertainment and always having another episode to look forward to.
I totally agree with Alan on electric cars. Paying for a car with a lot of extra features that are not necessary and having to upgrade through the internet. Remember the Volkswagen bug? That was a simple car that anyone could work on and get running not to mention it was very affordable. Honda? Toyota? It will happen. Electric cars are much simpler than ICE cars. Do we want to worry about hackers disabling our expensive cars?
Enjoyed discussion of this article, but i admit i had to work very hard to follow it. Not a virologist, immunologist, but familiar with concept of 2nd and 3rd generations of drug development, I am a clinician. Thanks, all. Monica
I really enjoyed the discussion, as always. And I really enjoyed the picks too. Please consider putting the show notes here as well, along with the links to the articles and picks. Thanks for all you do.
In response to Vincent‘s question @ 1:25:00 concerning trained response to human vs chimpanzee adenovirus I remind that these results are all in mice 🐁 and not humans (yet). I don’t think that the mouse model would have trained response to human adenoviruses. That’s another story when we get to human trials, of course, and certainly noteworthy.
If covid mutates, why are the vaccines not given to the countries with the lowest vaccination populations first before we claim that the pandemic is "over"
By the end of 2021, COVAX delivered approximately 800 million doses to 144 countries around the world - the largest and most complex vaccination roll out in history.
How many mice are used in control and experimental group? What is needed to get a more statistically significant result and is this super expensive? Are they specifically bred as lab mice for some reason and if so, how? Anybody know?
All mammalian research is incredibly expensive. Mice are the least expensive of the animal models, but maintaining a colony in an accredited animal facility can run several thousand dollars a month. However, these experiments were conducted in pathogen-free facilities, which have a lot more controls than a normal mouse room, so the facilities costs alone are going to be really high. Lab mice are specifically bred for the purpose. Even the "wild-type" mice are carefully bred and their genetic traits are well known. Transgenic strains, like the B6.Cg-Tg (K18-ACE2) 2Prlmn/J mice, which have been genetically modified to express the human ACE2 receptor gene, will be much more expensive to source. Depending on the modifications, transgenic mice can be very poor breeders, which means that in order to get new mice with these traits, you basically need to do IVF to get a new litter. Then there are the immune compromised strains. This experiment used B cell-deficient mice C.Cg-Igh-Jtm1Dhuof BALB/c background as well. Not only are the mice expensive, but you have to make absolutely certain the environment they are maintained in is sterile and that technicians and researchers maintain sterile technique when entering the facility, because the mice can get sick and die very easily, as they do not have parts of their immune system working to protect them. As for statistical significance, if this was a well thought out study, then in the initial planning stages of the experiment, a biostatistician would have been involved in planning to determine the N for the minimum number of animals necessary to give the study the proper power. Then in the animal use protocol, they would like represent that number of animals, and you really shouldn't go above or below that number, as it would be a violation of the protocol,
03:20 ABRCMS ePoster Spring Symposium for minority Students
05:32 Daycare at ASV Meeting
Links for this episode
06:25 Dorothy Horstmann (Wikipedia)
12:59 Intranasal SARS-CoV-2 experimental vaccine (Cell)
1:18:34 VITT discussion about thrombotic thrombocytopenia cause
44:00. t-SNE (Wikipedia)
Timestamps by Jolene Thanks
Weekly Picks
1:30:00 Kathy 477-mile-long megaflash lightning in Seattle Times
(originally Washington Post) and
extra info from Rich World Meteorological Org
1:38:28 Rich NIAID Global Research (Mali)
1:41:51 Alan New method for recycling electric car batteries
1:50:38 Vincent Q and A with A and V
Listener Picks
1:52:23 Addie Vaccine Podcast
1:53:28 Jennie Dr Katelyn Jetelina aka Your Local Epidemiologist
1:55:24 How to Support Show
Thanks for this!!!!
Let's get this to the top.
Thank you!!! 😊
hello from victoria australia i listen on audio while working on my farm Daylight hours here are from 6am to 8.30 pm
The epidemiologist Katelyn Jetelina, who was mentioned in the listener pick section at 1:54:05, was interviewed on the PBS NewsHour yesterday. You can see the interview at minute 42 of the video. Her first name is two syllables, as if it was "Kate" plus "Lynn", and the first syllable of her last name is pronounced like the word "jet".
The discussion at 1:28:00 and „common cold Corona virus“ I’d like to offer an alternative: „the slightly worse than Influenza virus“. All of the older population with deteriorating immune systems, the transplant and AIDS (…) populations would continue to be at risk, at least for a relatively strong disease episode (like Omicron did. with many vaccinated). There were also a number cases of severe disease and deaths even with boosted patients. Not nearly as many as there would have been absent the vaccines, to be sure, but 95% protection still leaves a large number when you start with 7 billion.
I think there will be 3 classes of people.
1) Those who are uninfectible because of lucky genetics
2) Those who are asymptomatic or very mild
3) Those who get disablingly ill
The people who fit into #3, still have a chance to die and probably would have if it weren't for a vaccine and/or natural infection "boosting" them periodically. Arround me, I've heard of quite a few in 20's who died in a couple of days post symptom onset. I'm sure there are many arround the world who rolled unlucky genes or whatever. The vaccine is unlikely to place them into category #1/2. It will get worse with age. Then their children may inherit this SARS-COV2 sensitivity even down the line.
We have to remember that "common cold viruses" had 100's or 1000's of years to eliminate most of the human genes sensitive to them. To this day, thanks to a recessive gene we inheritted from chimpanzees or whatever, Rhinovirus C for example, STILL puts a few kids in hospitals and gives them life long ashtma. RSV still kills like 2% of kids in developing world...and can return to cause elderly pnemonia. I think the fact that vaccinated people can still get "long COVID", has gotta tell you something.
Love the title LOL...Vince must have been in a "Colonel Kilgore" moment LOL...
The term orphan is used in biology. For example retinoid receptors where the ligand is not known.
@VincentRacaniello was that a reference to "Me and Mrs. Jones" at 33:45?
Seventh...lol
I check every day for a new episode. Always cheers me up when I find one.
Thank you for the information, entertainment and always having another episode to look forward to.
I totally agree with Alan on electric cars. Paying for a car with a lot of extra features that are not necessary and having to upgrade through the internet.
Remember the Volkswagen bug? That was a simple car that anyone could work on and get running not to mention it was very affordable. Honda? Toyota? It will happen. Electric cars are much simpler than ICE cars. Do we want to worry about hackers disabling our expensive cars?
Enjoyed discussion of this article, but i admit i had to work very hard to follow it. Not a virologist, immunologist, but familiar with concept of 2nd and 3rd generations of drug development, I am a clinician. Thanks, all. Monica
I really enjoyed the discussion, as always. And I really enjoyed the picks too.
Please consider putting the show notes here as well, along with the links to the articles and picks.
Thanks for all you do.
Thank you for another informative show about the up and coming new vaccines.
In response to Vincent‘s question @ 1:25:00 concerning trained response to human vs chimpanzee adenovirus I remind that these results are all in mice 🐁 and not humans (yet). I don’t think that the mouse model would have trained response to human adenoviruses. That’s another story when we get to human trials, of course, and certainly noteworthy.
The Incubator is truly radiant in this episode .💥
26:17 - Isn’t AAY another linker?
Yes. It is an Alanine-Alanine-Tyrosine linker.
If covid mutates, why are the vaccines not given to the countries with the lowest vaccination populations first before we claim that the pandemic is "over"
By the end of 2021, COVAX delivered approximately 800 million doses to 144 countries around the world - the largest and most complex vaccination roll out in history.
First! Glad to see a new TWIV!
I love the smell of IgAs and IgG polyclonal antibodies every 3 or 5 days, in my nasal spray
Thanks. Excellent as always.
-40 Centigrade is the same as -40 Fahrenheit.
How cold are the viruses
How many mice are used in control and experimental group? What is needed to get a more statistically significant result and is this super expensive? Are they specifically bred as lab mice for some reason and if so, how? Anybody know?
All mammalian research is incredibly expensive. Mice are the least expensive of the animal models, but maintaining a colony in an accredited animal facility can run several thousand dollars a month. However, these experiments were conducted in pathogen-free facilities, which have a lot more controls than a normal mouse room, so the facilities costs alone are going to be really high.
Lab mice are specifically bred for the purpose. Even the "wild-type" mice are carefully bred and their genetic traits are well known. Transgenic strains, like the B6.Cg-Tg (K18-ACE2) 2Prlmn/J mice, which have been genetically modified to express the human ACE2 receptor gene, will be much more expensive to source. Depending on the modifications, transgenic mice can be very poor breeders, which means that in order to get new mice with these traits, you basically need to do IVF to get a new litter.
Then there are the immune compromised strains. This experiment used B cell-deficient mice C.Cg-Igh-Jtm1Dhuof BALB/c background as well. Not only are the mice expensive, but you have to make absolutely certain the environment they are maintained in is sterile and that technicians and researchers maintain sterile technique when entering the facility, because the mice can get sick and die very easily, as they do not have parts of their immune system working to protect them.
As for statistical significance, if this was a well thought out study, then in the initial planning stages of the experiment, a biostatistician would have been involved in planning to determine the N for the minimum number of animals necessary to give the study the proper power. Then in the animal use protocol, they would like represent that number of animals, and you really shouldn't go above or below that number, as it would be a violation of the protocol,
😁😁😁 that is brilliant! Semper Fidelis!
58:13 "in lying rodents" ;-)
Buttons, Vincent 😆