Great great TWIV. Answered so many questions. Dr. Yewdell blew me away with all his insights. Please make the call and bring him back to TWIV more regularly.
Thanks to the T-Cells, and B-Cells, along with the IGM/IGG folks for keeping us alive! Many thanks to the TWIV staff, moderators, and today's guest- Jon Yewdell.
These guys start talking…. , my eyes glaze over, my head starts spinning , yet I still come back each week. Super impressive intelligent people. Thank you
Just to let all of you know I appreciate all that you do and continue to Do! Thank you so much for the FACTS as we know it. I have enjoyed every video you have done but this one is one of my favorites. Ending with the sax just added to my smile too! Ty
Just terrific. Jon Yewdell is spectacularly good with his explanations and I was thrilled that he picked The Premonition, which I've been putting alongside Spillover as required reading when I help people out of the fog of misinformation. All thanks to TWiV for keeping us all grounded in fact.
One of the variables that is driving changes in the virus is just the sheer number of cases combined with the ability to recombine in other animal hosts and spill over again into the human population IMHO. Now it seems even mice are now susceptible to the new variants. Certainly an area that deserves extensive study to unravel the process properly. Jon Yewdell never fails to make for an interesting episode! Thanks Vincent for getting him on again.
How simply calm and peaceful it feels to listen to this. Just a breakdown of our incredible immune system. Listening to a direct line to how our bodies react. Each one of you has such a great added perspective. Our daughters name is Brianne I just LOVE when you clarify Miss Brianne!!
especially at around 16:45" - when Rich tests his understanding of the process and asks a question - I remember that this accomplished virologist has leaned heavily on Brianne for primers into Immunology- and here Brianne looks to me like a teacher who sees her "student" take flight! The TwiVers are a fine, knowledgeable and ever-curious bunch. How could we get through this without them....another episode for the history books-thank you!
Jon is fantastic as always. He’s gotta start a channel that has nothing to do with public health, just mini-rants for research inspiration or specialized lectures.
@Will R Thomson Not true - common colds are sampled enough to monitor their (relatively slow) evolution. Jon mentioned Jesse Bloom who has a nice presentation about evolution of 229E over decades. For those interested, it’s the first 20 minutes of HHMI’s “Interpreting the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2”. There are countless other experts who don’t have webinars.
@@minRef The 229E antigenic drift was discovered in December 2020, one year after COVID was a thing. This can be credited to start the whole "variant search theme" but was never really known before that this happened. And just to clarify, the "decades" are from stored blood and virus samples that happens to lots of other pathogens as well as blood banks. It doesn't mean this study happend over decades of this carreer.
Jon Yewdell presents information in a very clear, engaged, and concise manner. He is so fun to listen to and follow. I really appreciate the questions the TWiV group has offered up and made it all so very engaging and interesting! This episode shows me that I am still able to follow science and learn. Love the questions!
around 1 min: 'boon for virology' - weird that this series by actual virologists has such a tiny number of viewers compared to so many opinionated people who know nothing. I don't get why. AND these guys are a joy to listen to.
Propaganda. Everyone is so overloaded with propaganda that they cannot see a needle in a haystack because that's what this is unfortunately. But this is the needle with the diamond tip.💚
This is one of my all time favorite episodes! In my next life I was originally wanting to be a killer whale but moved that down to another future life. I replaced it with an anesthesiologist, I may put that one into the future and my next life become a virologist. Fascinating! Thank you TWiV!!
I've listened to every podcast since this time two years ago. Previous TWiV letter writer Jen made me aware of this great resource! This particular edition is THE BEST ever. What a pleasure to listen to intelligent soulful people converse. I've listened twice and just had to come to UA-cam for the first time, wanted to see these lovely people! Also wanted to see the Fauci bobblehead.
This is an exceptional episode. John is brilliant and can explain things in understandable ways. His comments regarding importance of education, stupidity of both sides, is reaffirming!
Wow! Jon Yewdell! What Stephen Hall said, already, about the brilliant wander. Time to get to those early TWiV's w/JY I have not yet heard. Regarding public discourse & education of science, he's right, of course. But -- Brandolini's Law -- Bullshit Asymmetry Principal (and my own corollary that Brandolini just set a lower limit) -- makes this a very tough task.
thanks to you all for an inspirational evenings' listening :) Jon great work and you have all made me laugh out loud many times... nice flow! i will listen to this episode again tomorrow. All the best to you all:) Neil, Switzerland
I also think the antibodies which are most prevalent in the body at one time are the ones that 1: Deal with seasonal viruses (which I also think would deal with seasonal allergies) 2: Deal with each person's environmental viruses. It is hard to study antibodies as a group because each person's body is different and it deals with their different environments depending on the person's genealogy and makeup.
48:00 IMO the observed rapid drift is in a large part due to spillover into a completely immune naive population. It will likely require multiple exposures before every individual in the world develops immunity to CoV2 that is adequate to prevent extensive replication. No variants of concern have thus far arisen in populations with high vaccination rates.
Additional factor for high mutation rate: There’s a small detail that seems to be common knowledge among sarbecovirus people for the last decade: “regulated fidelity”. The complexes around NSP14 can dial up NSP14’s error rate if the virus is under stress, and dial the error rate down if things are going well. Regions with high vaccination rates also have higher masking rates on average and smaller epidemics. This makes VOC emergence hard to nail down by geography. Variants and mutation combinations have transiently appeared and faded within individuals over the course of their infections. You need HT-SGS at multiple timepoints to see this dynamic.
I'm not on the boat that vaccination will elimnate variants. If Omicron hasn't taught us the lesson, you can't stop this virus. Sure it may "reduce" that rate eventually when everyone has acquired some form of immunity, but it will still find an escape route like the other common cold coronavirus variants of which nearly 100% of the world has some high degree of naturaly immunity. If we were "concerened" enough about other coronaviruses, heck, rhinoviruses, RSV's, etc. we would also find variants of "concern" at decent rate.
Climate change, Nuclear war and pandemics. You just nailed it. Get the American heads out of the sand. You don’t need GMOs, pesticides. herbicides or fertilizers . Please check the PQNK method of agriculture pioneered by Asif Sharif in Pakistan.
All these different components of the immune system probably evolved individually before coevolving to cooperate. That's why you find different components in different animals, very different stuff in insects, etc. I think Jon's point about the human tendency to see everything as linear is very important. The popular media is fixated on Omicron being super-transmissible, but it's infection rate is described perfectly by being on a much steeper portion of the exponential infection curve than Delta.
I think the thing that hurt the economy the most was the shut down. The government should have focused more on research, and let businesses take care of their own safety measures.
I'm a skateboarder. I've always thought, should you ever someone who can't seem to grasp the profound nature of exponential growth, all you need do is put them on a skateboard on a road at the top of a hill. Don't push them, just let them coast, at the mercy of gravity. Acceleration may not quite so fast as 9.8m/sec^2, but trust me - after 4 or 5 seconds, they'll understand exponential growth for the rest of their life.
OMG! This was mind blowing, and at the same time was hilarious! I feel like finally I got some sense of direction to my 'immune compass', though little as it is; I feel that this was a pivotal interview. As a side point, it reinforces my belief in intelligent design-- studying the immune system is one of the most compelling evidence of the existence of the Creator's handiwork. Absolutely amazing!!! Thank you for this 'immune-booster' against all the blind criticism against intelligent design out there!
At 1:05:55 We see problems even within medically educated circles. The number of MDs Dr. Griffin points out are prescribing antibiotics for clearly viral infections... If we can't make headroads into practicing MDs, I don't think mere education is enough.
Going forward... Speaking of MDs, this is a problem that can be tackled. These people face licensure, they also generally desire board certification. Why isn't this an issue? The opiod crisis had the same problem. If doctors knew their licensure was dependent on a review of prescription history, of some high level stats, etc., we would be better. The public feeds off these bad eggs.... Because so many are willing to waffle and lend their name to dicey propositions.
30:00 sharks can live up to 500 years “ Sharks have very boring life’s they eat salmon all day”lol in my opinion maybe that’s why they live long life’s if all they eat is salmon lol
He's joking. They find all sorts of fish in those sharks including seals which it believe they catch while asleep. Because they are so slow due to low metabloism, I suppose like tortorses I guess.
Jon Yewdell brings up the question “what’s wrong with IgM? Perhaps the fact that it doesn’t cross the placenta to offer protection to the newborn has given rise to smaller antibodies?
I actually think he answered his own question later in the episode. 1) IgM's affinity is way to low and as a result you would need large amounts of it to be effective. It is great at kicking things off, but the amount of circulating protein necessary to be effective wouldn't be sustainable. 2) Class switch recombination produce antibodies that perform more specialized roles in a tissue specific manner, and as they also have had the benefit of somatic hypermutation, with higher affinity to epitopes with greater specificity to the antigen/immunogen. 3) IgM plays a role in activation of the complement system, as do IgGs, but given that they are more avidity based than affinity based binders, it is conceivable that they could weakly bnd self and activate complement leading to unintended self harm. IgGs are less likely to bind self
Maybe, but reptiles, birds and amphibians have IgY, in addition to IgM and IgA. And IgY is similar to IgG. Also, even mammals without a placenta (monotremes and marsupials) have IgG.
A question im just a average women on the thing of old people is it possible that if the old person who got to old age did not get lots of virus or sickness might not have made these cells to work hard to fight so list the ability to remember how to attack sickness I have had lots of things go wrong lots of chest problems as a child not any more cancer years of treatment transplant last year not cancer related thst one was 14 years ago liver failure started 3 years ago dont drink smoke or obeas I also got covid in December my body gest a lot of problems but with since help have recovered really well I'm taking antyrejection meds still did not get real sick with covid so my body seams to work well against problems
As far as over vaccines go I would also be hesitant to introduce too much of the carrying factor into a person's body, that was why I chose to wait before getting my first vaccine.
Very interesting, wide-ranging discussion .. as usual. Just wanted to note that Yewdell was dead-on and even a bit prophetic at about 1:08:00: two greatest threats to humanity being climate change and nuclear weapons.
"B" cells in older generations. Is there a way maybe diararily to increase the productivity of the "b" cells to allow the older generation to fight viruses as effectively as the younger generation?
I think that the antibody flush is because the body already kicked the current viruses butt and the virus is on the way out with the excess antibodies. I think this is a reset for the body to be able to deal with new viruses that come in. It keeps enough of this first antibody to keep reinfection from happening, but because the first viruses virility is reduced, your body does not need all of those antibodies. I also think this is another way to keep antibodies from going rouge and perhaps triggering an autoimmune situation.
Did cold agglutinine occur after SARS COV2 infection ? After Mycoplasma pneumoiae infection cold agglutinine occur Must avoid to decrease lung temperature ?if cold agglutinine occur?
Really great episode, loved the immunological riffing, so much territory covered. Regarding Vincent’s question on immune senescence, one driver does appear to be a reduction in thymic output early in life which sets limits on the size of the T cell repertoire.
Even shifting does the Corona virus at least have one part of it that carries over to the new variant? And could that be used to build on for all of the new strains? And if this is possible would not the body start to recognise the similarities and also compensate for it?
There are many zoological hosts in the human environment - cats, mice, bats etc., that are also part of this pandemic and responsible for drift! 45:00 onwards
@@deborahfreedman333 Detection of SARs-CoV-2 viral RNA and antigen is a very different proposition from identifying "infectious Covid-19" found in urine and faeces. Cats, mice and bats have been shown to shed transmissible virus, whereas dogs may excrete viral antigen and RNA with positive tests by RT-PCR amplification, evidence of canine infection is scant, and transmission is not documented. People with personal agendas will push these bigotries by cynically using phrases like 'walking', when the great majority of people in my area take care to bag and bin dog refuse, as they are legally required to do in public places. I hate to see dog waste in the streets as much, or possibly more than you do. I at least pick it up and bin it where possible, along with my own dog's droppings, having dog waste bags with me whenever i go out 'walking'.
I'm probably one of the lesser educated listeners (I check "some college" on forms) to TWiV, but I'm learning so much about the importance of correct terminology when discussing viruses in general, and SARS-CoV-2 in particular, how much misinformation is being propagated by the press, and especially on Social Media. I only trust you for the truth when it comes to this pandemic. I'm recommending TWiV to everyone I know, and am posting to online sites, pointing out their inaccurate statements, and linking them to TWiV. Doing what I can to point people in the right direction! 🙏 My new favorite phrase is: "Stay in your lane!"
Parasitic trees come to mind when you showed the flu virus model. Where the parasite tree blocks the growth of the host tree, then the parasitic tree takes over.
Really good video. A little sad that you were taking the piss out of the Czech singer for getting Covid and dieing but I guess I maybe more empathic than others. But great show
Mask wearing not only stop droplets, but also maintain higher mucouseal respiratory temperature if air temperature decrease ( even in summer if air conditioning cooler are used)
At TWiV 659 at min29 german virologist Christian Drosten indicate that SARS COV2 better replicate in different tissues If incubator temperature decrease to 34C
around 1.05: the anti-vax wave is the worst pandemic problem now, anti-vaxxers make me so cross I've decided to find them interesting, to relieve my own burden of hostility. Surely in the US a major problem you have is no public broadcaster, so no bearings, a person can inhabit a nutty world and not realise how to one side they are. And information and education are good, yes, but are trumped by feelings and tribe. People seem to feel oh so clever and special, and lack the humility to see how much they do not know. I wonder if this is brainwashing from advertising in general, convincing everyone they're brilliant as long they buy the right lipstick.
Thank you for you brilliant and helpful show. But may I suggest that the Czech singer was likely a victim of misinformation and is still worthy of our empathy, not a target of jokes about Darwin awards.
Science and engineering is why we live lives that only kings lived for centuries. Not because of the current crop of greedy alpha males skimming everything off for their own greed and telling us they know how we should live our lives. Altruism is why our lives can be good, not greed and ignorance.
Technically, most of the technology that pervades the world can be linked to "greed" in the form of shareholder profits, etc. Even big pharma which is responsible for vaccine invention have changed our lives only because some big shot wanted to make more money than someone else. And the big shot is also supported by shareholders who expect him to make them money, and so on.
Great great TWIV. Answered so many questions. Dr. Yewdell blew me away with all his insights. Please make the call and bring him back to TWIV more regularly.
Fantastic episode. The public really needs to get to know who Jon Yewdell is and hear what he has to say.
Thanks to the T-Cells, and B-Cells, along with the IGM/IGG folks for keeping us alive! Many thanks to the TWIV staff, moderators, and today's guest- Jon Yewdell.
These guys start talking…. , my eyes glaze over, my head starts spinning , yet I still come back each week. Super impressive intelligent people. Thank you
Just to let all of you know I appreciate all that you do and continue to Do! Thank you so much for the FACTS as we know it. I have enjoyed every video you have done but this one is one of my favorites. Ending with the sax just added to my smile too! Ty
Jon Yewdell joining as a regular TwiV member would be the best thing ever! As great as Q&A with A&V. Please invite him!
Just terrific. Jon Yewdell is spectacularly good with his explanations and I was thrilled that he picked The Premonition, which I've been putting alongside Spillover as required reading when I help people out of the fog of misinformation. All thanks to TWiV for keeping us all grounded in fact.
It is great listening to Jon. Still the best place to get informed. Thank you Twiv.
I agree with Dixon, Jon would be a good edition to the team, even if for an fill in from time to time.
One of the variables that is driving changes in the virus is just the sheer number of cases combined with the ability to recombine in other animal hosts and spill over again into the human population IMHO. Now it seems even mice are now susceptible to the new variants. Certainly an area that deserves extensive study to unravel the process properly. Jon Yewdell never fails to make for an interesting episode! Thanks Vincent for getting him on again.
Great! Thanks Vincent I have been waiting for Jon Yewdell to be back on. Thanks TWiV team.
How simply calm and peaceful it feels to listen to this. Just a breakdown of our incredible immune system. Listening to a direct line to how our bodies react. Each one of you has such a great added perspective. Our daughters name is Brianne I just LOVE when you clarify Miss Brianne!!
Brianne looks so happy for this discussion!
Brianne brings the sunshine every week.
especially at around 16:45" - when Rich tests his understanding of the process and asks a question - I remember that this accomplished virologist has leaned heavily on Brianne for primers into Immunology- and here Brianne looks to me like a teacher who sees her "student" take flight! The TwiVers are a fine, knowledgeable and ever-curious bunch. How could we get through this without them....another episode for the history books-thank you!
@@philipmccain5480 I saw that too, it was great.
Thanks for another excellent installment of TWiV!
Wonderful episode! The message is clear: we need a society more based on science!!
Technically the Nazis were doing science with their experiments on other humans. Values above science. Wisdom above knowledge.
Folks on the “left” going skiing at Jackson Hole…the true leftists aren’t too happy with such wealth and privilege
Jon is simply a very smart and knowledgeable scientist. Thank you Twiv team
One of the best interviews. I learned so much. Thank you.
This was GREAT!!!!! Thank You, all.
I loved this episode, and I've already ordered "The Premonition".
Jon is fantastic as always. He’s gotta start a channel that has nothing to do with public health, just mini-rants for research inspiration or specialized lectures.
@Will R Thomson Not true - common colds are sampled enough to monitor their (relatively slow) evolution. Jon mentioned Jesse Bloom who has a nice presentation about evolution of 229E over decades. For those interested, it’s the first 20 minutes of HHMI’s “Interpreting the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2”. There are countless other experts who don’t have webinars.
@@minRef The 229E antigenic drift was discovered in December 2020, one year after COVID was a thing. This can be credited to start the whole "variant search theme" but was never really known before that this happened. And just to clarify, the "decades" are from stored blood and virus samples that happens to lots of other pathogens as well as blood banks. It doesn't mean this study happend over decades of this carreer.
Loved the episode. Jon Yewdell was terrific (as are you all). Loved the Sax at the end.
Such a great episode! Jon is fascinating!
Great Job and please please add Jon Yewdell to the group. Love you all.
Jon Yewdell presents information in a very clear, engaged, and concise manner. He is so fun to listen to and follow. I really appreciate the questions the TWiV group has offered up and made it all so very engaging and interesting! This episode shows me that I am still able to follow science and learn.
Love the questions!
Thank you. I ordered the book and I'm looking forward to it.
I read it after it was recommend here a few moths ago. I highly recommend it.
Absolutely great show & energy with this one!
Thank you once again you wonderful people you! LOVED the sax! Hugs from afar, Fern in Minn
Like Alessandro Sette (Symphony in B), this will be a session I listen to several times. Jon Yewdell is GREAT! Yes, please join the TWIV team!
Also at my age I wont be taking my N95 mask off in crowded places ever again in the winter. Not had a cold in two years.
What a great guest. Thanks Jon.
around 1 min: 'boon for virology' - weird that this series by actual virologists has such a tiny number of viewers compared to so many opinionated people who know nothing. I don't get why. AND these guys are a joy to listen to.
Propaganda. Everyone is so overloaded with propaganda that they cannot see a needle in a haystack because that's what this is unfortunately. But this is the needle with the diamond tip.💚
This was a great epsiode - just a brilliant wander through science that beats reading my local news.
This episode is worth a million likes. Excellent.
TWiV + Jon Yewdell
Fantastic episode! Super interesting and informative.
1:37:30 The last horse, way behind the COVID field was named Track and Trace... basically it just couldn't keep up.
Why do we have to listen to guts like Lex Friedman when guys like Jon exist. He needs a podcast!!!!
Excellent digestible information. 👍
That has to be the most brilliant, informative, inspiring, educational podcast created to date. Brilliant!
Thanks for this.
Masks also helps with pollen allergies.
This is one of the best presentations yet!
This is one of my all time favorite episodes! In my next life I was originally wanting to be a killer whale but moved that down to another future life. I replaced it with an anesthesiologist, I may put that one into the future and my next life become a virologist. Fascinating! Thank you TWiV!!
Very informative. Thank you!
I've listened to every podcast since this time two years ago. Previous TWiV letter writer Jen made me aware of this great resource! This particular edition is THE BEST ever. What a pleasure to listen to intelligent soulful people converse. I've listened twice and just had to come to UA-cam for the first time, wanted to see these lovely people! Also wanted to see the Fauci bobblehead.
Excellent episode. I think you guys are on another one of your arcs.
Wow, thanks Vincent, you really do get the best people, this was a great episode (again)👍
I really wish I could tenmerize my like on this one!
What is the Italian cooking channel Vince mentioned ??? Cannot spell the name here. Fabulous session with Jon Yewdell today -- I was mesmerized.
Have you checked the show notes, linked in the description?
Great show! Jon is awesome!!
SO interesting! Thank you, Jon, and the Immune squad, too.
Really good, Thank you
This is an exceptional episode. John is brilliant and can explain things in understandable ways. His comments regarding importance of education, stupidity of both sides, is reaffirming!
When did this become UA-cam only? If Vincent announced the podcast was going away then I missed the announcement.
Wow! Jon Yewdell! What Stephen Hall said, already, about the brilliant wander. Time to get to those early TWiV's w/JY I have not yet heard. Regarding public discourse & education of science, he's right, of course. But -- Brandolini's Law -- Bullshit Asymmetry Principal (and my own corollary that Brandolini just set a lower limit) -- makes this a very tough task.
Fantastic thanks for the wisdom
thanks to you all for an inspirational evenings' listening :) Jon great work and you have all made me laugh out loud many times... nice flow! i will listen to this episode again tomorrow. All the best to you all:) Neil, Switzerland
I also think the antibodies which are most prevalent in the body at one time are the ones that 1: Deal with seasonal viruses (which I also think would deal with seasonal allergies) 2: Deal with each person's environmental viruses. It is hard to study antibodies as a group because each person's body is different and it deals with their different environments depending on the person's genealogy and makeup.
Nice outro from Jon! excellent episode, thanks to all.
48:00 IMO the observed rapid drift is in a large part due to spillover into a completely immune naive population. It will likely require multiple exposures before every individual in the world develops immunity to CoV2 that is adequate to prevent extensive replication. No variants of concern have thus far arisen in populations with high vaccination rates.
Additional factor for high mutation rate: There’s a small detail that seems to be common knowledge among sarbecovirus people for the last decade: “regulated fidelity”. The complexes around NSP14 can dial up NSP14’s error rate if the virus is under stress, and dial the error rate down if things are going well.
Regions with high vaccination rates also have higher masking rates on average and smaller epidemics. This makes VOC emergence hard to nail down by geography. Variants and mutation combinations have transiently appeared and faded within individuals over the course of their infections. You need HT-SGS at multiple timepoints to see this dynamic.
I'm not on the boat that vaccination will elimnate variants. If Omicron hasn't taught us the lesson, you can't stop this virus. Sure it may "reduce" that rate eventually when everyone has acquired some form of immunity, but it will still find an escape route like the other common cold coronavirus variants of which nearly 100% of the world has some high degree of naturaly immunity. If we were "concerened" enough about other coronaviruses, heck, rhinoviruses, RSV's, etc. we would also find variants of "concern" at decent rate.
A great one! Thanks.
Really enjoyed this twiv.
Climate change, Nuclear war and pandemics. You just nailed it. Get the American heads out of the sand.
You don’t need GMOs, pesticides. herbicides or fertilizers . Please check the PQNK method of agriculture pioneered by Asif Sharif in Pakistan.
All these different components of the immune system probably evolved individually before coevolving to cooperate. That's why you find different components in different animals, very different stuff in insects, etc. I think Jon's point about the human tendency to see everything as linear is very important. The popular media is fixated on Omicron being super-transmissible, but it's infection rate is described perfectly by being on a much steeper portion of the exponential infection curve than Delta.
I think the thing that hurt the economy the most was the shut down. The government should have focused more on research, and let businesses take care of their own safety measures.
I'm a skateboarder. I've always thought, should you ever someone who can't seem to grasp the profound nature of exponential growth, all you need do is put them on a skateboard on a road at the top of a hill. Don't push them, just let them coast, at the mercy of gravity. Acceleration may not quite so fast as 9.8m/sec^2, but trust me - after 4 or 5 seconds, they'll understand exponential growth for the rest of their life.
OMG! This was mind blowing, and at the same time was hilarious! I feel like finally I got some sense of direction to my 'immune compass', though little as it is; I feel that this was a pivotal interview. As a side point, it reinforces my belief in intelligent design-- studying the immune system is one of the most compelling evidence of the existence of the Creator's handiwork. Absolutely amazing!!!
Thank you for this 'immune-booster' against all the blind criticism against intelligent design out there!
At 1:05:55 We see problems even within medically educated circles. The number of MDs Dr. Griffin points out are prescribing antibiotics for clearly viral infections... If we can't make headroads into practicing MDs, I don't think mere education is enough.
Going forward... Speaking of MDs, this is a problem that can be tackled. These people face licensure, they also generally desire board certification. Why isn't this an issue? The opiod crisis had the same problem. If doctors knew their licensure was dependent on a review of prescription history, of some high level stats, etc., we would be better. The public feeds off these bad eggs.... Because so many are willing to waffle and lend their name to dicey propositions.
Great episode. Please have Jon back more often. His explanations are so much appreciated and easy to understand. Thanks.
30:00 sharks can live up to 500 years “ Sharks have very boring life’s they eat salmon all day”lol in my opinion maybe that’s why they live long life’s if all they eat is salmon lol
He's joking. They find all sorts of fish in those sharks including seals which it believe they catch while asleep. Because they are so slow due to low metabloism, I suppose like tortorses I guess.
Jon Yewdell brings up the question “what’s wrong with IgM? Perhaps the fact that it doesn’t cross the placenta to offer protection to the newborn has given rise to smaller antibodies?
I actually think he answered his own question later in the episode.
1) IgM's affinity is way to low and as a result you would need large amounts of it to be effective. It is great at kicking things off, but the amount of circulating protein necessary to be effective wouldn't be sustainable.
2) Class switch recombination produce antibodies that perform more specialized roles in a tissue specific manner, and as they also have had the benefit of somatic hypermutation, with higher affinity to epitopes with greater specificity to the antigen/immunogen.
3) IgM plays a role in activation of the complement system, as do IgGs, but given that they are more avidity based than affinity based binders, it is conceivable that they could weakly bnd self and activate complement leading to unintended self harm. IgGs are less likely to bind self
Maybe, but reptiles, birds and amphibians have IgY, in addition to IgM and IgA. And IgY is similar to IgG. Also, even mammals without a placenta (monotremes and marsupials) have IgG.
I knew the trainer of Catch a Glimpse (Omicron Lad in the horse race video) and used to feed her peppermints at the barn.
A question im just a average women on the thing of old people is it possible that if the old person who got to old age did not get lots of virus or sickness might not have made these cells to work hard to fight so list the ability to remember how to attack sickness I have had lots of things go wrong lots of chest problems as a child not any more cancer years of treatment transplant last year not cancer related thst one was 14 years ago liver failure started 3 years ago dont drink smoke or obeas I also got covid in December my body gest a lot of problems but with since help have recovered really well I'm taking antyrejection meds still did not get real sick with covid so my body seams to work well against problems
Hi, is there a paper you can recommend about the evolution of coronavirus? Not necessarily SARS-CoV-2
As far as over vaccines go I would also be hesitant to introduce too much of the carrying factor into a person's body, that was why I chose to wait before getting my first vaccine.
Very interesting, wide-ranging discussion .. as usual.
Just wanted to note that Yewdell was dead-on and even a bit prophetic at about 1:08:00: two greatest threats to humanity being climate change and nuclear weapons.
Great outro!
What other cells can be transfected by mRNA and produce Spike proteine?
Where can I get that virus model that Jon held up?
3D Molecular Designs - Influenza Virus Capsule Model.
They also have coronavirus models.
"B" cells in older generations. Is there a way maybe diararily to increase the productivity of the "b" cells to allow the older generation to fight viruses as effectively as the younger generation?
Racaniello repeats his bit about not realizing how much of other people’s breath he inhales. I shudder to realize folks come on here and lionize him.
40:00 Blood vs Mucosal surfaces
I think that the antibody flush is because the body already kicked the current viruses butt and the virus is on the way out with the excess antibodies. I think this is a reset for the body to be able to deal with new viruses that come in. It keeps enough of this first antibody to keep reinfection from happening, but because the first viruses virility is reduced, your body does not need all of those antibodies. I also think this is another way to keep antibodies from going rouge and perhaps triggering an autoimmune situation.
9:00 > Jon Yewdell What's wrong with IgM ?
Did cold agglutinine occur after SARS COV2 infection ?
After Mycoplasma pneumoiae infection cold agglutinine occur
Must avoid to decrease lung temperature ?if cold agglutinine occur?
How can explain that using oxigen mix warmed at body temperature at some hypoxic Covid19 patients,can increase more rapidly oxigen saturation ?
Re Germinal Centres : what happened to Vector AstraZeneca after 4 months protection drops a lot vs Moderna say ?
This was a treat. Keep them coming!
Really great episode, loved the immunological riffing, so much territory covered.
Regarding Vincent’s question on immune senescence, one driver does appear to be a reduction in thymic output early in life which sets limits on the size of the T cell repertoire.
Even shifting does the Corona virus at least have one part of it that carries over to the new variant? And could that be used to build on for all of the new strains? And if this is possible would not the body start to recognise the similarities and also compensate for it?
There are many zoological hosts in the human environment - cats, mice, bats etc., that are also part of this pandemic and responsible for drift! 45:00 onwards
Don't forget dogs. Think of the fact infectious Covid-19, is found in urine and feces, next time you see someone 'walking' their dog.
@@deborahfreedman333 Detection of SARs-CoV-2 viral RNA and antigen is a very different proposition from identifying "infectious Covid-19" found in urine and faeces. Cats, mice and bats have been shown to shed transmissible virus, whereas dogs may excrete viral antigen and RNA with positive tests by RT-PCR amplification, evidence of canine infection is scant, and transmission is not documented. People with personal agendas will push these bigotries by cynically using phrases like 'walking', when the great majority of people in my area take care to bag and bin dog refuse, as they are legally required to do in public places. I hate to see dog waste in the streets as much, or possibly more than you do. I at least pick it up and bin it where possible, along with my own dog's droppings, having dog waste bags with me whenever i go out 'walking'.
Dogs are safe. They get heartguard every month
@@SurlyHick Satire?
@@minRef 🤷♂️…let the data decide
I'm probably one of the lesser educated listeners (I check "some college" on forms) to TWiV, but I'm learning so much about the importance of correct terminology when discussing viruses in general, and SARS-CoV-2 in particular, how much misinformation is being propagated by the press, and especially on Social Media. I only trust you for the truth when it comes to this pandemic. I'm recommending TWiV to everyone I know, and am posting to online sites, pointing out their inaccurate statements, and linking them to TWiV. Doing what I can to point people in the right direction! 🙏 My new favorite phrase is: "Stay in your lane!"
Love it
Parasitic trees come to mind when you showed the flu virus model. Where the parasite tree blocks the growth of the host tree, then the parasitic tree takes over.
The New Rock Stars!
Really good video. A little sad that you were taking the piss out of the Czech singer for getting Covid and dieing but I guess I maybe more empathic than others. But great show
Mask wearing not only stop droplets, but also maintain higher mucouseal respiratory temperature if air temperature decrease ( even in summer if air conditioning cooler are used)
At TWiV 659 at min29 german virologist Christian Drosten indicate that SARS COV2 better replicate in different tissues If incubator temperature decrease to 34C
around 1.05: the anti-vax wave is the worst pandemic problem now, anti-vaxxers make me so cross I've decided to find them interesting, to relieve my own burden of hostility. Surely in the US a major problem you have is no public broadcaster, so no bearings, a person can inhabit a nutty world and not realise how to one side they are. And information and education are good, yes, but are trumped by feelings and tribe. People seem to feel oh so clever and special, and lack the humility to see how much they do not know. I wonder if this is brainwashing from advertising in general, convincing everyone they're brilliant as long they buy the right lipstick.
It won’t seem to play yet for some reason.
Works now. After it is downloaded to UA-cam, it takes time for the video to be initially set up by UA-cam.
@@lesfaby8997 I see it now! Thanks
Thank you for you brilliant and helpful show. But may I suggest that the Czech singer was likely a victim of misinformation and is still worthy of our empathy, not a target of jokes about Darwin awards.
Science and engineering is why we live lives that only kings lived for centuries. Not because of the current crop of greedy alpha males skimming everything off for their own greed and telling us they know how we should live our lives. Altruism is why our lives can be good, not greed and ignorance.
Technically, most of the technology that pervades the world can be linked to "greed" in the form of shareholder profits, etc. Even big pharma which is responsible for vaccine invention have changed our lives only because some big shot wanted to make more money than someone else. And the big shot is also supported by shareholders who expect him to make them money, and so on.