As always, thank you for all your work. Another possible subject for this type of microscopy might be bioclasts. I find these fossil rocks abundantly here, though never in situ, and since my area has been heavily glaciated, I'm never sure if it's Devonian or Silurian. But, even under a magnifying glass a cleaned up bit of bioclast looks like an alien landscape. It must be even more remarkable under a microscope.
That is the opposite of rape Poor dude I identify with her- did I see you start to dance? Your antenna thing hit mine though? Where are you going? Wait! You dropped something! Wait but we should hangout!
Could also be a Green Leaf Web Spider. The patterns on the body, yellow/orange head, and the white hairs all match. But Nigma walckenaeri is a good guess aswell. They look very similar.
Actually, the sources of scorpion fluorescence are known. One is 4-Methyl-Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-Coumarin); the other is β-carboline. (A third compound was identified more recently, but is thought to be a minor contributor.)
@@TheCobaqua The issue with that video and most coverage of UV fluorescence within chelicerates is that the trait is exceptionally ancient and well conserved among the clade indicating that it is a shared trait from their last common ancestor which likely lived back during the Cambrian so focusing on the scorpion alone misses the point, you do need to explain why it has been maintained or amplified but the original origin goes back half a billion years. The enhanced hyaline layer is much more interesting as it only appears in 3 groups true scorpions horseshoe crabs and the extinct eurypterids. Also a related fun fact is the trait fossilizes quite exceptionally well which is how we know Eurypterids had the same type of UV fluorescence as Horseshoe crabs and scorpions Its Okay to be Smart commented on this with regards to the video you mentioned but it is an important part of the conversation if looking at this question as it emphasizes how much different the Earth was back then compared to now.
Whilst I love the footage from our microcosmos, I for one would love to see some more macro stuff with spiders and other insects. ...maybe there's a market for a macrocosmos spin off series??? And my guess at spider ID is a Green Leaf Web Spider (Nigma Walckenaeri)
There used to be a programme on UK TV called "Take another look" and it was about looking at things like cheese our a bed close up at the mites on them... Things in UV, with shear lighting at a kettle heating up, etc
How closely related are they to the Ligma Pilosustesticulorum? I hear they used to be a big problem but have recently calmed down a significant amount. I know people are usually told not to handle them though many thrill seeking herpers have started ignoring the warnings handling them any ways for videos on Tic Toc and Instagram. Just be remember that if they try to appear larger than they really are and if they get agitated after that they might deploy its self defense method. It is similar to Camels or Velvet worms sometimes capturing prey larger than themselves before being devoured.
"My food. Or yours, but mostly I'm concerned about mine." This reminds me of a conversation between Hank and his brother John, about "Everybody poops in my pants" vs. "Everybody poops in your pants", and how he doesn't really care if people poop in YOUR pants, but he would find it very distressing if everybody pooped in HIS pants.
@@Jop_pop anything visible to the naked eye, whether that be each other or distant galaxies, is the macrocosmos. And the stuff too small to see is the micro cosmos That's how I'd define it personally
Nice to break character every now and then. I wish I could find a channel as dedicated to insects as you are to microbes. What if you brought an entomologist onboard and did a series? Just saying🙃😏
5:12 We know exactly what causes scorpions to fluoresce under UV light; it's called beta carboline. The entire body of the scorpion, especially the metasoma, is sensitive to chemical changes that occur if the beta carboline in any part of its body is exposed to sunlight, so the scorpion, which has poor eyesight, seems to have a photochemical way to detect UV light. An experiment was performed that showed that prolonged exposure to UV desensitized the scorpion's entire body to light. If darkness was restored, the scorpions eventually recovered their ability to sense UV light in every part of their bodies.
Like 10 years ago i had my own microscope, iirc msx magnification was around 200x. I never thought about looking at microbes, but i was quite often looking at rocks samples and insects exoskeletons (most magnificent thing was butterfly wing)
Awesome! I loved the tiny spider! It reminded me of one I found, smaller than a poppy seed. When I checked it out with a hand lens, I saw it had a mite attached. IDK if the mite was phoretic or feeding. I wished the tiny pair well and set them on their way.
My guess on the spider is a green lynx spider (Peucetia viridans) but it is hard to say for sure without knowing the location. I'm also not an arachnologist nor taxonomist, just a hobbyist
The eye arrangement looks wrong for a lynx spider. It's more likely in the genus Nigma, as others have commented, though you're right that location determines the species. In NA, Nigma linsdalei matches, in Europe, Nigma walckenaeri.
Fun fact nearly all arachnids/chelicerates have UV fluorescence to some degree so it is almost certainly a shared evolutionary characteristic. More fascinating is that whatever causes UV fluorescence in their cuticles it fossilizes well so most arachnid fossils also display strong UV fluorescence and this is how we know that Eurypterids also had very strong UV fluorescence. I have read this property has to do with crystalline structure within their cuticle which would explain how their fossils maintain fluorescence and the trait for the more extreme UV fluorescence of Scorpions is also found in Horseshoe crabs (now recognized to be arachnids rather than just close cousins) and the aforementioned extinct Eurypterids.
I LOVE THIS CHANNEL'S AUDIENCE! at leas three of the watchers, answered the questions, what kind of spider? we should have a convention, and enjoy being in a big room full of REALLY SMART SMART ALECS!
I've always found insects and other arthropods to be beautiful. Mecha-like. It's the squishy things that are viscerally revolting. Though I guess that also applies to larval and neotenic arthropods.
Now that money has chemicals that glow in UV, there are small hand held battery powered UV lights. I had one and had fun on hikes in southern Calif spotting them. Ours glow green. They are even more common in Mexico. Wherever, people never believe they have scorpions until the lights are off and the UV on. Then everyone is aghast!
Using UV illumination in a microscope can be hazardous to your eyes, if you are looking through the eyepiece of the microscope. You may want to consider a warning so no one sticks a black light under their home microscope.
5:51: That's a Yellow Jacket Wasp not a Bee. Wasps harass picnickers for their sugary foods, but bees only annoy picnickers if the foods contain E-numbers (typically ones responsible for bright yellow & pink food colourings) that mimic the attack pheromones that bees give off when under stress.
So about that green spider: i think it is of the Araneus family (orb weaver spiders) that has some of the species green with white hair but i'm an arachnology enthousiast, not an arachnologist and i can't tell a species looking just a the cephalothorax (the "head"). A larger picture of the spider itself would be most welcomed but i guess this is what we get. One of those araneus species that is recorded to live in places including north carolina looks like this. with touches of white hair on a green body, with different shades of green between the abdomen, the legs and head. anyway that's the best i can do, if anyone has more info feel free to comment.
You may have confused the yellow jacket(?) as a bee. Those wasps are also the ones you’d see during your picnic being interested in any meats and fruits packed. Bees are a lot more docile
What is the music used at 00:11? I know it's by Andrew Huang, but I haven't been able to find this track in particular. It's one of my favorites and I want to enjoy the music of the Microcosmos outside of the videos too lol
Cat's are actually quite useful as an early warning system for scorpions. If I see both of my cats intensely staring at a spot on the wall or floor, I know where to start looking.
I've always been interested in moss and other small growing things. It's easy enough to find an identification book for birds, mammals, trees, flowers, etc. I haven't tried extensively to do any research on them though either. Moses lichens molds I definitely have an education gap.
@@zacrintoul Yeah its definitely a gap even in available sources, lots of moss identification books i kno of are quite old, and you need microscopes sometimes to even determine species, its even worse for lichens! they sometimes require doing chemistry to identify
How do you photograph larger creatures in UV? I hear birds can see UV light and wondered if species without visual plumage dimorphism have hidden UV plumage.
Don't know the species of spider, but seems like it's a jumping spider at the least! Maybe the same sort as the character "Jumper" in Piers Anthony's novel Castle Roogna. Sadly, Jumper's species is never identified :(
6:17 Isn't it fascinating that bees have their eyes shaped with many hexagons, and the combs in which they deposit their larva are made of many hexagons too ? Bees are maths
I could have brought you a live scorpion big or small. Big enough to see the hairs from across the room or small enough to not know it's a scorpion until you're up close.
5:20 wouldn't be difficult to find out, at all, what this chemical is. extract the scorpion's exoskeleton with a Soxhlet and fitting solvent, do a column chromatography, then sent it into GCMS or NMR... just no one does it because idk i guess it's not that interesting?
I think that is very interesting, however while personally doing the chemistry would be nice, there are other scientists that have done it already. It seems that there are three different known compounds that scorpions used to fluoresce.
The first 1,000 people to use this link will get a 1 month free trial of Skillshare: skl.sh/journeytothemicrocosmos12211
We will absolutely make more episodes like this! I cannot wait to show you people some of the other cute crawlers we find!
-James
Thank you so much for everything you share with us! 😁👍 It's truly been a pleasure to learn so much about the "microscopic world that surrounds us"!
As always, thank you for all your work. Another possible subject for this type of microscopy might be bioclasts. I find these fossil rocks abundantly here, though never in situ, and since my area has been heavily glaciated, I'm never sure if it's Devonian or Silurian. But, even under a magnifying glass a cleaned up bit of bioclast looks like an alien landscape. It must be even more remarkable under a microscope.
I would love to see more of your cats prey
Awesome! 😁
"vibrating with reproductive intent" is probably the best line microcosmos has ever had
Exactly my thoughts
Best pick-up line ever
"I'm approaching you with romantic intent." -Hank Hill
That is the opposite of rape
Poor dude
I identify with her-
did I see you start to dance? Your antenna thing hit mine though? Where are you going? Wait! You dropped something! Wait but we should hangout!
Women do the same thing
The spider at 3 minutes is probably Nigma walckenaeri. As an arthropod lover I really loved this subject, keep up the great work!
I initially thought it was a female Micrommata virescens (green huntsman), but looking closer at the video, I'm pretty sure you're right!
Could also be a Green Leaf Web Spider. The patterns on the body, yellow/orange head, and the white hairs all match. But Nigma walckenaeri is a good guess aswell. They look very similar.
LOL i just found out they are the same also known as Ice Green Spider. :)
I came here to post that conclusion as well.
It looks as if it hunted by camouflage and ambush.
Actually, the sources of scorpion fluorescence are known. One is 4-Methyl-Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxy-4-Methyl-Coumarin); the other is β-carboline. (A third compound was identified more recently, but is thought to be a minor contributor.)
I think they're saying the "Why" and not the "How" in this case.
Veritasium has a video going through the hypotheses
@@TheCobaqua The issue with that video and most coverage of UV fluorescence within chelicerates is that the trait is exceptionally ancient and well conserved among the clade indicating that it is a shared trait from their last common ancestor which likely lived back during the Cambrian so focusing on the scorpion alone misses the point, you do need to explain why it has been maintained or amplified but the original origin goes back half a billion years. The enhanced hyaline layer is much more interesting as it only appears in 3 groups true scorpions horseshoe crabs and the extinct eurypterids.
Also a related fun fact is the trait fossilizes quite exceptionally well which is how we know Eurypterids had the same type of UV fluorescence as Horseshoe crabs and scorpions Its Okay to be Smart commented on this with regards to the video you mentioned but it is an important part of the conversation if looking at this question as it emphasizes how much different the Earth was back then compared to now.
Hank literally says “but it’s not clear, exactly, what chemical causes this neon shine”
Show off !
Whilst I love the footage from our microcosmos, I for one would love to see some more macro stuff with spiders and other insects. ...maybe there's a market for a macrocosmos spin off series???
And my guess at spider ID is a Green Leaf Web Spider (Nigma Walckenaeri)
Amazing! Thank you so much for the identification! It was the cutest spider I've seen!
-James
nigma
Well spotted.
I would recommend deep look for that sort of content!
There used to be a programme on UK TV called "Take another look" and it was about looking at things like cheese our a bed close up at the mites on them...
Things in UV, with shear lighting at a kettle heating up, etc
The spider is a female of Nigma walckenaeri :)
well done you!
How closely related are they to the Ligma Pilosustesticulorum? I hear they used to be a big problem but have recently calmed down a significant amount. I know people are usually told not to handle them though many thrill seeking herpers have started ignoring the warnings handling them any ways for videos on Tic Toc and Instagram. Just be remember that if they try to appear larger than they really are and if they get agitated after that they might deploy its self defense method. It is similar to Camels or Velvet worms sometimes capturing prey larger than themselves before being devoured.
Nigma walckenaeri more likely than a lynx spider that i thought it was
"My food. Or yours, but mostly I'm concerned about mine." This reminds me of a conversation between Hank and his brother John, about "Everybody poops in my pants" vs. "Everybody poops in your pants", and how he doesn't really care if people poop in YOUR pants, but he would find it very distressing if everybody pooped in HIS pants.
the green spider seems to be a Nigma walckenaeri
^^^^^^
Thank you!!!
-James
The world seen through UV is beautiful. Whether The cosmos or the microcosmos.
If microbes are the microcosmos and planets are the cosmos, then does that make us the millicosmos?
@@Jop_pop we are the macrocosmos
Micro = small
Macro = big
@@baranorak4080 But the regular cosmos is space, which is bigger than us, so macrocosmos would have to be bigger than that
In a sense, we live in our own Avatar's Pandora.
UV light reveals that hidden beauty even in rocks.
@@Jop_pop anything visible to the naked eye, whether that be each other or distant galaxies, is the macrocosmos. And the stuff too small to see is the micro cosmos
That's how I'd define it personally
One of my favourite episodes of this series. So cool!
Nice to break character every now and then. I wish I could find a channel as dedicated to insects as you are to microbes. What if you brought an entomologist onboard and did a series? Just saying🙃😏
Deep Look has some pretty good bug content, but I think a bug show with microscopes would be neat.
@@LimeyLassenTy 😊👍
I'd love to see that too actually!!
I had a pet silverfish once, and also got 2 kitties. This video was full of unexpected "awwww" 😍😸
The UV light on scorpions under microscope is also useful to get a better look at hard to detect structures like trichobothria.
5:12 We know exactly what causes scorpions to fluoresce under UV light; it's called beta carboline. The entire body of the scorpion, especially the metasoma, is sensitive to chemical changes that occur if the beta carboline in any part of its body is exposed to sunlight, so the scorpion, which has poor eyesight, seems to have a photochemical way to detect UV light. An experiment was performed that showed that prolonged exposure to UV desensitized the scorpion's entire body to light. If darkness was restored, the scorpions eventually recovered their ability to sense UV light in every part of their bodies.
"Hopefully it is off living a wonderful life somewhere."
Teacher says 'Every time a spider dies, a housecat gets a meal'.
Like 10 years ago i had my own microscope, iirc msx magnification was around 200x. I never thought about looking at microbes, but i was quite often looking at rocks samples and insects exoskeletons (most magnificent thing was butterfly wing)
Awesome! I loved the tiny spider! It reminded me of one I found, smaller than a poppy seed. When I checked it out with a hand lens, I saw it had a mite attached. IDK if the mite was phoretic or feeding. I wished the tiny pair well and set them on their way.
I discovered this channel a few days ago. All the people making this possible are Artists, those Visuals, Narrating, Facts and Video Editing… Wow!
My guess on the spider is a green lynx spider (Peucetia viridans) but it is hard to say for sure without knowing the location. I'm also not an arachnologist nor taxonomist, just a hobbyist
The eye arrangement looks wrong for a lynx spider. It's more likely in the genus Nigma, as others have commented, though you're right that location determines the species. In NA, Nigma linsdalei matches, in Europe, Nigma walckenaeri.
Enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up
The crazy thing about this channel is the videos content is so visually stunning but the music and the narrative tone is so good for sleep
Right? I doze off most of the time, it's so relaxing. Then I wake up and have to play it again.
@@slwrabbits knew I couldn’t be the only one
I want more of this! I mean, the rotifers and tardigrades are fun, but so is this, too!
Sure, watching this during breakfast was a perfectly appropriate choice. Loved the silverfish especially!
(Actually a great episode though)
Fun fact nearly all arachnids/chelicerates have UV fluorescence to some degree so it is almost certainly a shared evolutionary characteristic. More fascinating is that whatever causes UV fluorescence in their cuticles it fossilizes well so most arachnid fossils also display strong UV fluorescence and this is how we know that Eurypterids also had very strong UV fluorescence. I have read this property has to do with crystalline structure within their cuticle which would explain how their fossils maintain fluorescence and the trait for the more extreme UV fluorescence of Scorpions is also found in Horseshoe crabs (now recognized to be arachnids rather than just close cousins) and the aforementioned extinct Eurypterids.
Man where was i when yall posted this! I love bugs! I want to be an entomologist when i grow up. I need to visit this channel more often.
I don't know what kind of spider that is but I want to call it a Kermit Spider.
🤯 love this stuff. Awesome work I’m always impressed. 👍
One of my favorite MiCo episodes yet!
amazing , i asked this a while back and you came through! haha thank you
1st view,1st like
You have been an inspiration for my love of microbiology
I LOVE THIS CHANNEL'S AUDIENCE! at leas three of the watchers, answered the questions, what kind of spider?
we should have a convention, and enjoy being in a big room full of REALLY SMART SMART ALECS!
I think that's called VidCon? :-)
It's so weird to know that we can see these macro animals in micrometers
Awesome!
Thanks for these closeups! Especially with the spider! Very cute :)
Beatles and larger bugs often have tiny mites on them. I've seen a plasmodium on a mite on a beetle and it made me very happy
I've always found insects and other arthropods to be beautiful. Mecha-like. It's the squishy things that are viscerally revolting. Though I guess that also applies to larval and neotenic arthropods.
The florescing scorpion tail is unreal. If I didn't know better I would have thought that was some kind of CGI effect.
Awesome! Looking forward to some more creepy crawlies
Now that money has chemicals that glow in UV, there are small hand held battery powered UV lights. I had one and had fun on hikes in southern Calif spotting them. Ours glow green. They are even more common in Mexico. Wherever, people never believe they have scorpions until the lights are off and the UV on. Then everyone is aghast!
James' cats are adorable!
That is pretty much the prettiest spider I've ever seen, what an amazing colour
I love this so much, would love to see more like it!
I enjoyed the laid back nature of this video; I like the others too. :)
Awwww yeah Journey to the MACROCOSMOS! MY wish was granted :D
The bee holds an entire cosmos on its face. That seriously looked like galaxies through a telescope
Using UV illumination in a microscope can be hazardous to your eyes, if you are looking through the eyepiece of the microscope. You may want to consider a warning so no one sticks a black light under their home microscope.
Ever look at the wing or antennae of a moth or butterfly? Fascinating!
Silverfish will ruin your house......once you get a spawner block somewheres in your house you may as well burn it down
Thanks to James' cats
Found fly foot fluorescing fascinating
5:51: That's a Yellow Jacket Wasp not a Bee.
Wasps harass picnickers for their sugary foods, but bees only annoy picnickers if the foods contain E-numbers (typically ones responsible for bright yellow & pink food colourings) that mimic the attack pheromones that bees give off when under stress.
More flowers under UV! + Butterflies
Wonderful episode
So about that green spider:
i think it is of the Araneus family (orb weaver spiders) that has some of the species green with white hair but i'm an arachnology enthousiast, not an arachnologist and i can't tell a species looking just a the cephalothorax (the "head"). A larger picture of the spider itself would be most welcomed but i guess this is what we get.
One of those araneus species that is recorded to live in places including north carolina looks like this. with touches of white hair on a green body, with different shades of green between the abdomen, the legs and head.
anyway that's the best i can do, if anyone has more info feel free to comment.
Many thanks!
Given the insects are larger it would be nice to have some more depth of field, but still nice with the UV imagery.
Fantastic level of quality contents o.o
Rare in this days
Beautiful!
I'm thinking that this aquatic larva is a mayfly larva, especially with the side gills. Though I could be wrong and it could be a Plecopteran
You may have confused the yellow jacket(?) as a bee. Those wasps are also the ones you’d see during your picnic being interested in any meats and fruits packed. Bees are a lot more docile
What is the music used at 00:11? I know it's by Andrew Huang, but I haven't been able to find this track in particular. It's one of my favorites and I want to enjoy the music of the Microcosmos outside of the videos too lol
Well show. Good information.
All of these videos end 2 minutes before the end of the videos. This is so sad, because I want more.
We all know and hate silverfish.
[minecraft intensifies]
Spiders are my favourite animals. Would love to see more bugs under the microscope
Cat's are actually quite useful as an early warning system for scorpions. If I see both of my cats intensely staring at a spot on the wall or floor, I know where to start looking.
Cat: You know, I'm something of a scientist myself
yall should do a moss episode!
I've always been interested in moss and other small growing things. It's easy enough to find an identification book for birds, mammals, trees, flowers, etc. I haven't tried extensively to do any research on them though either. Moses lichens molds I definitely have an education gap.
@@zacrintoul Yeah its definitely a gap even in available sources, lots of moss identification books i kno of are quite old, and you need microscopes sometimes to even determine species, its even worse for lichens! they sometimes require doing chemistry to identify
I’m really lichen this idea.
Congrats... Another subscription from random stuff UA-cam thinks I'd like!!
How do you photograph larger creatures in UV? I hear birds can see UV light and wondered if species without visual plumage dimorphism have hidden UV plumage.
Use a black light.
@@FieryCoal and how do I get them to stay under the light?
@@Weirdoid I usually kill them in alcohol (it bums me out too) but you can cool them down so they stay still
Great video! 🌞
What a fascinating video
I don't think that fly is a common housefly. It looks like an acalyptrate. Maybe a Lonchaeidae, or a Heleomyzidae.
Don't know the species of spider, but seems like it's a jumping spider at the least! Maybe the same sort as the character "Jumper" in Piers Anthony's novel Castle Roogna. Sadly, Jumper's species is never identified :(
I bought the book, I'm really enjoying it
The spider is the Green Lynx AKA Peucetia viridans
Peucetia viridans has spikey legs hairs this guy legs aren't hairy so more likely Nigma walckenaeri
If you have any amber it would be interesting to get a really close look inside.
Seems fitting that I was listening to the Scishow Tangents podcast yesterday and Hank admits to looking at a lot of amber on ebay as a hobby 😆
@@RainebowEvee I also bought some on ebay lol
I recently discovered that my pet rainbow stag beetle's eyes glow a bright blue under UV!
I think Micrommata virescens is the spider's species. It coud also be Diaea dorsata but based on the images the former is more likely
HOW DID I MISS THIS i LOVE bugs
Love is the answer
The spider seems to have the eyes of a jumping spider so is likely either the Texas jumping spider or possibly a baby Phidippus pius…
Can we get a list of the equipment used to capture these images?
Beautiful
These guys are so bad ass you would think the Arthropods would of invaded land
Do flower petals under UV!
5:50 "THE BEE"
6:17 Isn't it fascinating that bees have their eyes shaped with many hexagons, and the combs in which they deposit their larva are made of many hexagons too ? Bees are maths
Thank you cats, for contributing to science in the manner of F.D.C. Willard
To a proper identification i need a more zoom out image with eye details. It may be an anyphaenidae or tetragnathidae species
Spider is a Small Green Orbweaver (*Araneus cingulatus*), most likely... We need to see the abdomen more clearly for better ID though...
The bee looks more like a wasp. What kind of bee is that??
Enjoyed your video and I gave it a Thumbs Up
Doesn't look fuzzy enough for a honey bee.
@@LimeyLassen Not just that but the body as well
A fitting day for an arthropod-focused video: RIP E.O. Wilson.
I want to see a flower petal in ultraviolet light now
The silverfish is just as fascinating, as it's annoying. Primitive, and shiny.
I could have brought you a live scorpion big or small. Big enough to see the hairs from across the room or small enough to not know it's a scorpion until you're up close.
JttM should do a collaboration with Thomas Shahan and Igor Siwanowicz. 🤞😉
that green spider reminded me of a green lynx
5:20 wouldn't be difficult to find out, at all, what this chemical is. extract the scorpion's exoskeleton with a Soxhlet and fitting solvent, do a column chromatography, then sent it into GCMS or NMR...
just no one does it because idk i guess it's not that interesting?
It may also be fixed in a manner that is difficult to isolate without destroying it, or just be fragile in general.
Took a further glance and at minimum doesn't seem to be an issue with fragility, given that *fossiled scorpions glow* which is quite astonishing imo
Since the shells are shed, they shouldn't be hard to collect. And the column would fluoresce too. Interesting project for a Chemistry student.
I think that is very interesting, however while personally doing the chemistry would be nice, there are other scientists that have done it already. It seems that there are three different known compounds that scorpions used to fluoresce.
But what do the bugs see in UV?
My tummy hurts
We need to see fairyflys
Good luck finding one!!!