Linear transformations | Matrix transformations | Linear Algebra | Khan Academy

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  • Опубліковано 7 лют 2025
  • Introduction to linear transformations
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    Linear Algebra on Khan Academy: Have you ever wondered what the difference is between speed and velocity? Ever try to visualize in four dimensions or six or seven? Linear algebra describes things in two dimensions, but many of the concepts can be extended into three, four or more. Linear algebra implies two dimensional reasoning, however, the concepts covered in linear algebra provide the basis for multi-dimensional representations of mathematical reasoning. Matrices, vectors, vector spaces, transformations, eigenvectors/values all help us to visualize and understand multi dimensional concepts. This is an advanced course normally taken by science or engineering majors after taking at least two semesters of calculus (although calculus really isn't a prereq) so don't confuse this with regular high school algebra.
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КОМЕНТАРІ • 214

  • @H2oRiz
    @H2oRiz 13 років тому +906

    4 people linearly transformed them selves from college students to college dropouts

  • @jamesnganga7565
    @jamesnganga7565 10 років тому +446

    Its awesome how you break down everything in Linear Algebra into understandable modules. When my lecturer teaches, everything is like encoded in alien codes but wen i come here.... i kinda understand it all. Big up Sir. You are my tutor.
    *from KENYA*

    • @oliverbeck6839
      @oliverbeck6839 6 років тому +5

      i love safari in kenya, masai mara

    • @royalanson1440
      @royalanson1440 3 роки тому +3

      i know im asking the wrong place but does any of you know of a trick to log back into an instagram account?
      I was dumb forgot my account password. I love any help you can give me

    • @aalok2423
      @aalok2423 Рік тому +2

      @@royalanson1440 press "forgot password?"'. You might get a code, that upon pressing, would take you to a separate window, giving you the option of changing the password. You may reset it. do not forget it this time.

    • @DorperSystems
      @DorperSystems Рік тому +2

      @@royalanson1440 spam fail

    • @That_One_Guy...
      @That_One_Guy... Рік тому

      ​@@aalok2423that's a bot account

  • @canadianthroneholder
    @canadianthroneholder 11 років тому +125

    of all math courses at university linear algebra involves the most memorizing and least understanding of why formulas work the way they do. I much prefer calculus and stats where formulas make more sense and thanks for helping out with linear algebra your videos are good

    • @Ishmaelstene
      @Ishmaelstene 9 років тому +4

      I agree on that,stats and calculus are way better,they make more sense

    • @azniscannedrice
      @azniscannedrice 9 років тому +9

      +Marcus Fenix As a very visual learner, i completely agree with you. They have next to no images or visualizations to give you a better understanding of why it works and how it relates to the actual vector spaces themselves

    • @dt615
      @dt615 4 роки тому +5

      True AF. Like it will eventually comes down to solving a linear system or matrix, why bother having all of the bullshits like basis, coordinates, linear transformation,...

    • @gurito4329
      @gurito4329 3 роки тому +1

      @dragonzito mojado Well that is kinda why a lot of people are there tho, to understand it

  • @arrowheadspring
    @arrowheadspring 14 років тому +21

    These videos are better than a lot of Linear Algebra courses at universities.

  • @fashionofthechrist
    @fashionofthechrist 10 років тому +200

    I could just watch MIT Open Courseware and you all day, buy all the textbooks and I wouldn't need university. I could be educated as an engineer from UA-cam and readings alone. That's remarkable.

    • @JesusBeatlejuice
      @JesusBeatlejuice 10 років тому +54

      Maybe for the math and science but you're better off having someone supervising you when learning how to opperate the machinery, also a big part of engineering is team work which is what the labs are good for. Online tutorials are a great suppliment for learning and I use them all the time, but I wouldn't regard them as a substitute. University also teaches you to meet deadlines and work under pressure, something one may not be so inclined to do when studying independently :P

    • @fashionofthechrist
      @fashionofthechrist 10 років тому +15

      You have a point. Thanks for assuring my confidence in my Ryerson education :D

    • @Rockyzach88
      @Rockyzach88 7 років тому

      Mix that in with a tutor or a person you can interact with in person and you might be pretty good off, however I think one of the lost points of a university is that people you can bounce ideas off you and therefore create new ideas. Maybe this doesn't happen as much in undergrad but I think some people don't realize that is what the original purpose of a University is for.

    • @_kahini
      @_kahini 7 років тому +1

      what about labs

    • @jasonfarrell00
      @jasonfarrell00 6 років тому

      what a time to be alive huh lol

  • @monkeysk8a
    @monkeysk8a 13 років тому +11

    After hours and hours of reading my textbook and looking at other youtube videos, this has been BY FAR the best explanation of/how to apply a linear transformation!

  • @TakingChances278
    @TakingChances278 7 років тому +33

    Thanks for doing what you're doing Sal! :) This video was posted 9 years ago and it's awesome seeing how many people you've helped. You are going to save my grades for a midterm tomorrow haha.

  • @Serpentombre
    @Serpentombre 12 років тому +4

    You speak a language anyone can understand, this is just perfect!

  • @olokungboyegabriel4292
    @olokungboyegabriel4292 Рік тому +2

    Being here after 14 years is wild 😂🎉❤

  • @user-74652
    @user-74652 12 років тому +7

    Your videos are a great help in studying for my upcoming exam. Thank you very much for explaining the concepts so clearly.

  • @yourallstar21
    @yourallstar21 12 років тому +18

    "What is our... Let me do a color I haven't used in a long timeWHITE!" 8:19

  • @yuxrazafar8532
    @yuxrazafar8532 2 роки тому +1

    i have been strugling with this concept since my college lecture, but this man cleared it all... very well explained

  • @ninosawbrzostowiecki1892
    @ninosawbrzostowiecki1892 11 років тому +7

    I'm also obsessed with linear independence.

  • @S24W2
    @S24W2 4 роки тому +1

    Learned more from Sals linear algebra videos than I did in college

  • @arranstobbs
    @arranstobbs 15 років тому +1

    iv been studying for an exam, this has helped loads!

  • @adityabodhankar2030
    @adityabodhankar2030 4 роки тому +1

    THANKS sir I can understand 😀👍🏻

  • @nerosonic
    @nerosonic 14 років тому

    khanacadey I'd like to thank you. I had a lot of trouble with linear transformations that I couldn't figure it out with your guidance. I truly appreciate it.

  • @highbee700
    @highbee700 2 роки тому

    Thank you very much for taking your time to break this down

  • @nourgam1095
    @nourgam1095 4 роки тому +1

    Thank you sooo much, you just made this a lot easier!

  • @lyricjam
    @lyricjam 14 років тому

    the explanation is so clear that i could understood it in english (my native language is spanish).
    good job.

  • @guerillachan20
    @guerillachan20 13 років тому

    I can't believe how well you explain these topics if I can understand this anyone should be able to because I'm not that bright I'm pretty dumb compared to the average but it all clicks so well now.

  • @ryanshields8560
    @ryanshields8560 5 років тому +1

    Big ups to da man making these bad boys, bloke is absolutely carrying me rn

  • @manzombie_23_8
    @manzombie_23_8 4 роки тому +1

    Amazing work! Thanks!

  • @TinCarpter
    @TinCarpter 11 років тому +20

    20 minutes here worth more then any number of hours in a lecture hall.

  • @abbie5276
    @abbie5276 12 років тому

    Thank god you exist...

  • @yeabsiragashaw2099
    @yeabsiragashaw2099 7 років тому

    You are better than my University Lecturer , #I got the concept within 13 minute , thanks a lot Sir

  • @scooterking136
    @scooterking136 5 років тому

    thank you for everything mr. khan

  • @jesscooper4296
    @jesscooper4296 5 років тому

    Sal, you are a life saver. Thank you

  • @imbsalstha
    @imbsalstha 12 років тому

    whenever i find u about any topic in youtube then everything gonna seem like simple

  • @A-003
    @A-003 14 років тому

    Thanks a million
    God Bless You

  • @suyashneelambugg
    @suyashneelambugg 8 років тому +2

    @Khan Academy - So the example to demonstrate where the linear transformation is not valid is one where we did a non linear operation on the variables. So this way, i should assume ...L.T. to be valid in most cases where there is an absence of any explicit non-linear operation on the variables. ?

  • @XProdUcti0ns1
    @XProdUcti0ns1 13 років тому

    sir, your the best teacher...ever,,,

  • @kartikaypangaonkar7155
    @kartikaypangaonkar7155 3 роки тому

    whenever I hear this voice I know I am gonna learn something useful

  • @hamidumalibiche6565
    @hamidumalibiche6565 4 роки тому

    It is very nice lesson .Thank you sir.

  • @DavElston
    @DavElston 14 років тому +1

    Thanks, this has been most helpful!

  • @ChishimbaJohn-m6k
    @ChishimbaJohn-m6k 16 днів тому

    Amazing explaination

  • @aryanildey
    @aryanildey 2 роки тому

    After mapping at 2:55 minutes you put (x1+x2, 3x1) is 3x1 an arbitrary value you have taken or it has a significance

  • @keletsomabelane5192
    @keletsomabelane5192 4 роки тому +1

    What is the reason behind linear transformation? Why are we transforming these vectors? I get the calculations but I think it's useless if I don't know why I'm doing this

    • @nellvincervantes6233
      @nellvincervantes6233 3 роки тому

      Maybe it is useful in quantum mechanics. Like in Qubit (transforming state |0> to state |1> and vice versa) or in Quantum Teleportation where unitary operator can be useful for transformation. Vectors in QM is considered as state.

  • @dipakkandel2934
    @dipakkandel2934 Рік тому

    thank you so much❤

  • @mateusmbr1
    @mateusmbr1 6 років тому

    a nice and clear video. thank you.

  • @dontbothermeimjust12
    @dontbothermeimjust12 10 років тому +53

    I finished my engineering graduation without ever understanding linear transformation because I don't get its meaning in real life. I am sorry but this did not help either. I know how to do the math, I just don't know what it means.

    • @mayananger7770
      @mayananger7770 7 років тому +2

      if you not find way for implement this math maybe you will like to look about machine learning and other ai development that require math

    • @guillem_dlc
      @guillem_dlc 6 років тому +1

      It's the matrices, man. A linear application is a matrix.

    • @jasonfarrell00
      @jasonfarrell00 6 років тому

      These were basically just proofs into how to determine if a transformation is linear or not. The applications and more detailed in the next video so check that out and maybe it'll become more clear

    • @randomdude9135
      @randomdude9135 5 років тому +3

      Try 3b1b. That's a goldmine in UA-cam.

    • @randomdude9135
      @randomdude9135 5 років тому +1

      Moreover, why should anything necessarily have a meaning or purpose to it?

  • @murarikumarjha6553
    @murarikumarjha6553 7 років тому

    I was having hard time to prove whether the system is linear transformation or not but after seeing your videoes I made my concept clear because of your fantastic explanation I don't know how many tims I should say thank you so much

  • @Merxlan
    @Merxlan 12 років тому

    definitely its a very good work...I appreciated the work since it makes me very clearly notice a concept of linear transformation....you r now be my tutor..

  • @esakib
    @esakib 2 роки тому

    A video can save you from failing the exam. Thanks to khan academy!

  • @Jesupemiabere
    @Jesupemiabere 9 місяців тому +31

    Anyone from 2024 watching this?

  • @BloodMonkey20
    @BloodMonkey20 8 років тому +1

    you sir are a gentlemen, and scholar.

  • @disornr
    @disornr 14 років тому

    THx alot!!! you save my life!!!

  • @avipancholi4736
    @avipancholi4736 5 років тому

    I was at matrix section for high school preparation and there comes transformation to which I don't understand some and I started searching and then boom this, it seriously got me doubting 'do I really know all this' only after coming to UA-cam and reading the down message did I get it's for majors. I think it's important to mention the prerequisite in the main website.

  • @jubileeadeoye8141
    @jubileeadeoye8141 8 років тому

    Could you comment on the difference between a transformation from R2 to R2 and R to R. I am referring to your comments around 10:17....

    • @That_One_Guy...
      @That_One_Guy... Рік тому

      It means keeping transformation of vectors locked into 2D plane, it can't go higher or lower than 2D.
      Generalized it means RN to RN transformation is N-D vectors can't go any higher or lower than N-Dimension

  • @ElifArslan-l9g
    @ElifArslan-l9g 2 роки тому

    thank you

  • @AndrewEG
    @AndrewEG 14 років тому

    thank u soo much sal!

  • @RelatedGiraffe
    @RelatedGiraffe 12 років тому

    c can be a complex number as well, and the components of vectors a and b can also be complex.

  • @loodi69
    @loodi69 12 років тому +1

    thank you so much man!! this was so helpful :)

  • @hadi2551
    @hadi2551 4 роки тому +1

    Q4: Determine whether 𝑇: 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 is a linear operator.
    𝑇(𝑥, 𝑦) = (𝑥, 0)

  • @aadityagupta6838
    @aadityagupta6838 3 роки тому

    Sir, u r just so helpful... 😁😁thanks for being there for students like me...

  • @raedsalih6401
    @raedsalih6401 Рік тому

    It sounds straightforward; however, it is still missing to answer why we transform? What is the purpose of transformation?

  • @xkhokokox
    @xkhokokox 9 років тому

    Dear Khanacdemy. First of all great video's and perfect explanation.
    I have a little question here: doesn't the first condition imply the second?
    if T(a+b) = T(a) + T(b) => T(a+a+....a) = T(a) + T(a) + ... + T(a) = c.T(a) ?

    • @PedroCarvalho-tg2nh
      @PedroCarvalho-tg2nh 9 років тому +2

      domien van steendam Depending on the Universe we choose it implies it, yes. It works quite well on the integers, but you couldn't make that implication when dealing with rational values for c, for example.

  • @prosarahgaming3253
    @prosarahgaming3253 2 роки тому

    Bro I am taking this in middle school insane

  • @thuthuynguyen9782
    @thuthuynguyen9782 9 років тому

    great!
    thank you for share

  • @SavageGreywolf
    @SavageGreywolf 6 років тому

    two minutes in you already explained this better than my professor.
    He is usually very good but I was pretty lost on what exactly was going on here.

  • @lu-dx6oh
    @lu-dx6oh 5 років тому

    ITS OVER 9000!

  • @tuyisengejeanpierre3563
    @tuyisengejeanpierre3563 5 місяців тому

    Wow ❤

  • @bex_37
    @bex_37 11 років тому +2

    THANK YOU

  • @richielocke5111
    @richielocke5111 4 роки тому

    I’m proud of myself bc I’m a freshman doing this

  • @talha6k
    @talha6k 14 років тому

    You are AWESOME dude!

  • @HoloUniverse
    @HoloUniverse 14 років тому

    Thank you!!!!!

  • @lemyul
    @lemyul 5 років тому

    thanks

  • @s0m0c
    @s0m0c 13 років тому

    Gracias!

  • @bakhodirjonkakhkharov344
    @bakhodirjonkakhkharov344 2 роки тому

    1.3 mln views and just 5.6k likes? People are so ungrateful. They watch these amazing tutorials for free and don`t even press the like button((

  • @SayoEnochAluko
    @SayoEnochAluko 10 років тому +1

    Wow! an amazing lecture. quite interesting pal!

  • @Waranle
    @Waranle 15 років тому

    Thank you Sal

  • @generatorblue
    @generatorblue 7 років тому +1

    Could you please let me know when the term "Linear Fractional Transformation" was used for the first time (year, decade, century)? Thank you!

  • @lordpikachu6952
    @lordpikachu6952 3 роки тому

    very nice oh yes
    ty

  • @disornr
    @disornr 14 років тому

    God bless you!!!

  • @nila-333
    @nila-333 4 роки тому

    Does Khan Academy provide assignments?

  • @lordwhiteblueeyes
    @lordwhiteblueeyes 13 років тому

    gracias academia khan por los subtitulos asi aprendo mucho =D

  • @rajkumarmukherjee268
    @rajkumarmukherjee268 4 роки тому

    Please,suggest me about differences between operators and functions.

  • @etasgamer8238
    @etasgamer8238 2 місяці тому

    Yes

  • @staytuned7
    @staytuned7 12 років тому +1

    This guy is totally the Bob Ross of linear algebra.

  • @BaldmanFPV
    @BaldmanFPV 15 років тому

    could i get a recommended order of how to view all of your videos on linear transformations? anyone? thanks.

  • @giancarlocpy
    @giancarlocpy 14 років тому

    Excelent explanation, simple and efective. How did you do it?
    What software did you use to capture and write?
    Sorry my poor english. Regard.

  • @awaisasghar2941
    @awaisasghar2941 9 місяців тому +8

    Anyone from 2025 watching this video?

  • @muhammadumair-rf9rj
    @muhammadumair-rf9rj 8 років тому

    very good

  • @Big-f2p
    @Big-f2p 11 місяців тому

    good

  • @samiRediAmaniTekeshAlazar
    @samiRediAmaniTekeshAlazar 2 роки тому

    how to find the liner transform vector it self before checking ?

  • @nawafspov1
    @nawafspov1 4 роки тому +5

    Anyone from 2020?

  • @peterwestwood1702
    @peterwestwood1702 5 років тому

    felt like i fully understood it after this video, where as class lectures made me feel lost. Thanks!!!!

    • @mahmoudm451
      @mahmoudm451 5 років тому

      You need to watch the 2 subsequent videos as well since they build up the concept.

  • @the1ninja1
    @the1ninja1 5 років тому +6

    2:05 - 2:37 i cant stop laughing at this LMAO, it reminds me of XQC's text to speech HAHAHAH

  • @gabejohnson9588
    @gabejohnson9588 2 роки тому

    Is this for Algebra 1

  • @ScottSaysStuff
    @ScottSaysStuff 7 років тому

    What software do you use to make your videos?

  • @aviroxi
    @aviroxi 3 роки тому

    You deserve to go to heaven

  • @markwang7480
    @markwang7480 8 років тому

    what would y=2x+5 be in linear transformation?like horizontal stretch and that kind of stuff

  • @sudanwang1239
    @sudanwang1239 5 років тому

    i am confuse what does X1 and X2 represent? are they the scalar?

  • @Sardarr__Adil
    @Sardarr__Adil 26 днів тому

    Before that I was saying, ALGEBRA is too easy 😢

  • @MathswithSunnyspbpu
    @MathswithSunnyspbpu 7 місяців тому

    4:40 brain is malfunctioning ... 😁😁

  • @chunkitfan2915
    @chunkitfan2915 4 роки тому

    If A is a 2x2 matrix such that tr(A)=3 and tr(A^2)=5 , SO HOW TO FIND det(A)

  • @zolti22
    @zolti22 12 років тому

    And the previous too???

  • @estephanievelasquez9640
    @estephanievelasquez9640 4 роки тому

    Thank you so much for making this video! I came here really confused in this topic and you made it real clear with your examples!
    Only thing I could advice you about is that in the first example I got kinda confused 'cause of the way you wrote down the exercise and you looked back at the reference of the two rules, at some point it looked a little messy, maybe you could organize a little more your notes. The colours helped though, again, good job :3

  • @lptvonline
    @lptvonline 14 років тому +1

    At 12:23 how come (ca1)^2 isn't C^2+2CA1+A1^2?

  • @iqbalibrahim4713
    @iqbalibrahim4713 6 років тому

    Shouldn't 3 x1 = 3a1 + 3a2? Why did he wrote 3x1 = 3a1+3b1?