The Gigantic Gambino Earner Who John Gotti Hated That Owned The Ravenite

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  • Опубліковано 28 гру 2024

КОМЕНТАРІ • 236

  • @vincentvega8210
    @vincentvega8210 2 роки тому +39

    This was truly a gem you don't always hear about the mob guys who did it so low key and lived a long prosperous life...good one Jeff.

  • @ronaldsmith1282
    @ronaldsmith1282 Рік тому +3

    Another phenomenal video Jeff. Are used to visit Joe Laforte, and his new Dorp pizza place that he always pieced back-and-forth in front of. on S. Railroad Ave., Always dressed in a suit and tie, even on the hottest days of summer a very respectable man, never to be messed with, although he did 18 months in FCI Danberry, for not talking to the feds, Joe always kept his mouth shut. A true gangster, who never wanted to be in the spotlight. Amen RIP, Joe Laporte

  • @anthonya3007
    @anthonya3007 Рік тому +2

    LaForte was a very altruistic individual especially when it came to youngsters.
    He was a friend of my uncle & we used to ride our bicycles up to Paul's sweet shoppe on New Dorp Plaza for vanilla shakes all the time from Dongan Hills colony.
    We would park our bikes outside & when we went to lock them up he said "don't worry,no ones going to take your bikes from here"..We had no clue who he was & when we were short on money he would tell the worker ,"not to worry about it"
    It was coincidental that when I turned 20 I was introduced to him formally & he was quite flattered when I told him the story....Good guy ,BIG heart & too bad the rest of the family turned out to be failures

    • @GREGGSOHO
      @GREGGSOHO 2 місяці тому

      The resat of the family? Really? You don't know shit.

  • @cosmosgato
    @cosmosgato 2 роки тому +21

    Killers are a dime a dozen.
    But earners are few and far between in the mob and in ordinary life.
    And once again it is shown that Gotti was one of the worse bosses ever!

    • @cosmosgato
      @cosmosgato 2 роки тому +3

      @@dmills7812
      No argument, Gotti was a man’s man and a gangster’s gangster!
      Probably what everyone wants and needs for a friend.
      Beyond that referring to crime:
      Great associate!
      Great soldier!
      Great capo!
      But Boss? Nope.

    • @jodaresh1078
      @jodaresh1078 2 роки тому +3

      People think gotti was calling the paparazzi to come take pics of him.

  • @CaseyHarrisSr
    @CaseyHarrisSr 2 роки тому +3

    Many thanks to you & OC for sharing fresh perspectives on stale Mafia history!

  • @joea67
    @joea67 2 роки тому +3

    Hey Jeff I hope you are well. Nice to see you doing your thing. As usual thanks for the entertainment. Be safe, Joe.

  • @BMG8892
    @BMG8892 2 роки тому +10

    Well done. And I agree with you. I also like learning about lesser-known figures and the more obscure history of that life. Thanks for another great content-filled edition!

  • @JB_II
    @JB_II 2 роки тому +4

    I was a little kid in the early 60’s we moved from Carroll Gardens to Todt Hill in Staten Island. We all used to call the bridge the Guiney gangplank.

  • @johnwick9531
    @johnwick9531 2 роки тому +2

    You are by far the best historian on here you always do your research on who your about to talk about and the way you tell in such detail is great keep up the good wrk and thank you

  • @1983metsfan
    @1983metsfan Рік тому +3

    He looks like our old mayor here in New York City named Mayor Bloomberg lol

  • @T_Licci29
    @T_Licci29 2 роки тому +18

    Another great video. I appreciate you shinning light on some of the lesser known mob figures. Speaking of lessor known, you should check out the Rochester NY crime family that went independent from Buffalo. Many old school and respected wise guys like Frank Valenti and Sammy Gingello plus the alphabet wars. Makes for a good story/video!

    • @jq1030
      @jq1030 2 роки тому +3

      What about Tommy Marotta? In Rochester,NY. Sammy Gingello died in a car bombing but Tommy Marotta was shot 14 times. 7 times one time and 6 times another and survived. He also made it out prison about 13 years ago and is still around. He was captain of the A team in Rochester,NY & was Sammy Gingellos best friend.

    • @T_Licci29
      @T_Licci29 2 роки тому +1

      Yes, Tommy also has a lengthy history worth checking out as well. Attempts on his life, gambling parlors and dealings with Cleveland. Also have to mention Rene Piccareto, Tommy Didio and Angelo Amico. We need a video!

  • @GREGGSOHO
    @GREGGSOHO 2 місяці тому +1

    What gives you the right to talk about such a REAL MAN? Joe LaForte was a real gangster, he made his way through the ranks, set up his family and stood out of jail. And he never ratted anyone out. Quite possibly the best scenario for any gangster. Hey Jeff, why don't you keep my family out of your mouth...

  • @kennethbubser9601
    @kennethbubser9601 2 роки тому +3

    Keep it up bro. We all in mob following community know about popular figures. Love how you talk about guys nobody heard of. Wish we knew more about the small families. Kansas City, New Orleans, Tampa bay, la. Never seen the power in those families as far as crews.

  • @marketrealist1221
    @marketrealist1221 2 роки тому

    Nice work, very nice. Thank You.

  • @lilyrose7082
    @lilyrose7082 2 роки тому +2

    I hit the like button, subbed and thoroughly enjoyed your hard work on the research for this video! Much appreciated! 👍🤓

  • @JoseRamirez-wj5eg
    @JoseRamirez-wj5eg 2 роки тому

    Thanks Jeff..simply superb..

  • @bgko91880
    @bgko91880 Рік тому +2

    I walked by the old Ravenite today, the "Descendant of Thieves" clothing store

  • @benhill9785
    @benhill9785 2 роки тому +1

    A great video on one of the "little guys", very informative 👍

  • @albertanastacia8579
    @albertanastacia8579 2 роки тому +2

    Joe was a stand up..He did it the right way

  • @moniquecasale9966
    @moniquecasale9966 2 роки тому +1

    He didn't move to Staten Island in the 60's his children were born there from the 1930's through the 1980's.

  • @balancedactguy
    @balancedactguy 2 роки тому

    Nice Video Jeff!

  • @brutemegahunk3895
    @brutemegahunk3895 2 роки тому

    Another good one Jeff. Thx

  • @pauliedibbs9028
    @pauliedibbs9028 2 роки тому +11

    One of the best pieces on any Gambino hood, and one that we seldom hear of... Huge moneymaker, owned the Ravenite, and never pissed his money away?
    No wonder Gotti hated him lmao
    P.S. LaForte means "The Strong" in Italian... and I guess "The best parents always have the worst kids" 😅

    • @thesitdownwithjeffnadu
      @thesitdownwithjeffnadu  2 роки тому +2

      thanks for watching bro!

    • @mobbuster7778
      @mobbuster7778 2 роки тому +1

      Don’t disrespect anyone

    • @Mm2El3ven
      @Mm2El3ven Рік тому

      His kids put the Cat in the position he was in to earn and stay out of jail. It’s more like the worst parents sometimes have the best kids.

  • @greyjedi6430
    @greyjedi6430 2 роки тому +1

    Love hearing about guys like this ,

  • @djl9373
    @djl9373 2 роки тому +2

    Just started following your podcast …love the content ! Thank you

  • @ghytgb
    @ghytgb 2 роки тому +2

    6:50 quoting Sammy. Lots of people call Sammy a liar but have no problem quoting Sammy for their stories.

    • @jodaresh1078
      @jodaresh1078 2 роки тому +1

      You believe everything sammy says ?

  • @JLS_98
    @JLS_98 2 роки тому +2

    I knew you were doing Joe the Cat! When I guessed on ur last livestream that you were doing a show on him u said, “No”!!🤣😂 Looks like I was correct haha. Great show man once again

  • @jeffstone2585
    @jeffstone2585 2 роки тому

    Great video!

  • @misscharliestein7739
    @misscharliestein7739 2 роки тому

    Realy enjoyed the show Jeff. 👏

  • @kennethlundgren
    @kennethlundgren 2 роки тому +1

    getting my schedule correct so I can work better and have more time; my fav hobby is studying american gangster history and I must say, as person who's been following in shadows since beginning, this dude's show has become top 1-3 overall show on entire mafia genre, very impressive and casually professional (high compliment)
    I don't have TV and don't need it, this is the best entertainment ever; thank you for your time and energy with these videos, they are very informative and rad AF :-) -KL
    PS really enjoyed when you have Scott Burnstein on, y'all have excellent rapport and I really enjoy the topics he is master of;
    also please plug his brain live for more Phil Leonetti videos; not a lot of Phil Leonetti videos on UA-cam, you would have smash hit

  • @othellocampbell6839
    @othellocampbell6839 2 роки тому +1

    Another great earner. Thanks Jeff.

  • @danyrizk9878
    @danyrizk9878 2 роки тому +12

    All the Gambinos, from brothers to nephew, uncles ,cousins.... these guys wer genetically predisposed to rake in the cash! I have no doubt the I.Q average of thus guys was up definitively up there..

    • @frankiegaul8261
      @frankiegaul8261 2 роки тому

      They only collapsed cuz the world changed around them and the technology became too good and they got caught on tapes and video etc, no one in society saw the tech changes that came mid 80s and onwards

    • @shaneodwyer6132
      @shaneodwyer6132 2 роки тому

      I saw them referred to, by Tommy Eboli of the Genovese, as a family of 'sexual degenerates' because so many of the administration married their cousins, among other alleged perversions in the 60s/70s.. They were not respected at all back then by everyone, apparently

    • @christophersorrentino1271
      @christophersorrentino1271 2 роки тому +1

      The guy in mentioned was a financial genius. As he got older, he got more prosperous. That's what kept him alive within shouting distance of reaching 100

    • @blakehorton8110
      @blakehorton8110 2 роки тому

      @@christophersorrentino1271 don't sound like the commenter lol

  • @cashcars2013
    @cashcars2013 2 роки тому

    Another 💪💪💪episode, keep it up my brother,it's well appreciated 👍

  • @mattdempsey8173
    @mattdempsey8173 2 роки тому

    This is a great video, you are getting lots of views. You deserve it. Well presented gangsta Italian info. I like it. Thanks bro

  • @big_time9484
    @big_time9484 2 роки тому

    Thank you Jeff...Joe "The Cat"👍😎✨🎇

  • @kevio6868
    @kevio6868 2 роки тому

    great stuff Jeff thanks!

  • @NewTheoryMagazine
    @NewTheoryMagazine 2 роки тому

    Great show Jeff 💯🍿

  • @johnnybfromthebronx7638
    @johnnybfromthebronx7638 2 роки тому

    Great Content Jeff

  • @shabba3450
    @shabba3450 2 роки тому +1

    Now this dude is a Real Gangster

  • @dennissharkeyawwcomeonman1820
    @dennissharkeyawwcomeonman1820 2 роки тому

    Another great video 👍

  • @danbrayne3580
    @danbrayne3580 2 роки тому

    great video

  • @jq1030
    @jq1030 2 роки тому +3

    You should do a story on the Rochester,NY mob wars. You should do a story on Tommy Marotta. A big figure who is still around to this very day. In Rochester,NY. Sammy Gingello died in a car bombing but Tommy Marotta was shot 14 times. 7 times one time and 6 times another and Tommy Marotta survived. He also made it out of prison about 13 years ago and is still around. Allot of known figures are still paying homage to him to this very day. He was captain of the A team in Rochester,NY & was Sammy Gingellos best friend.

    • @ZDiddy7777
      @ZDiddy7777 2 роки тому

      I've heard the water in Rochester turns all the "men", you know....Were they all dressed like gimps and Village People during this "war" and was all the violence in bedrooms? By shot did you mean 14 dudes finished all over him at the same time? Is that sign still there as you enter Rochester, the one that warns that paper moneys not accepted and the only currency allowed for men is sexual favors- a left handed hand job used to equal $5 if Im not mistaken.... I've heard that if you wanna eat at McDonald's in Rochester, youre gonna eat something else first as payment. I just looked on Wikipedia, the city motto is still: Where real men are bottoms..... But hey, if thats your city, thats cool. How many times have you been "shot" and did you get flowers after?

  • @jamesweldon721
    @jamesweldon721 2 роки тому

    Good show jeff...thanks!

  • @carrietezeno6327
    @carrietezeno6327 2 роки тому

    Good Bless Evening Mr J And Everyone Happy Bless Tuesday When I Get Off Work I Look At Your Show You Rock God Bless You And Your Family God Bless Everyone 🙏 😊

  • @wafflest1540
    @wafflest1540 2 роки тому +1

    AWESOME video

  • @dagobilly6043
    @dagobilly6043 7 місяців тому

    Outstanding bio! I always seen him in pictures and knew who he was but WOW. Smart man

  • @robertdacunto2337
    @robertdacunto2337 2 роки тому

    Very very accurate report....great job

  • @giovannizanarini6786
    @giovannizanarini6786 2 роки тому

    Great Show

  • @juliangoss3940
    @juliangoss3940 2 роки тому

    Great episode Jeff. Go birds!!!!!

  • @carlogero7923
    @carlogero7923 2 роки тому

    Great job

  • @josephthompson2429
    @josephthompson2429 2 роки тому +1

    Very big earner as you said. Nice video nadu as always

  • @toddo6538
    @toddo6538 10 місяців тому +1

    Joe the cat had his own social club in the east village off 6th ave

    • @GREGGSOHO
      @GREGGSOHO 2 місяці тому +1

      There is no east village off 6th avenue. You don't know what you are talking about.

    • @toddo6538
      @toddo6538 2 місяці тому +1

      Cleveland Pl. in SOHO, my mistake map man

  • @NyNjMafia
    @NyNjMafia 2 роки тому +1

    NADU .. Joe LaForte aka Buddy is the only son made member not James .. I knew Buddy for 20 years .. he was co-owner with his father of the Candy store.. Paul Castellano used Buddy’s Blue print to build his mansion.. Buddy had a bigger house than the Boss

  • @neillmanning9969
    @neillmanning9969 2 роки тому +2

    Another excellent video Jeff. I find Joe “ the cat” very interesting.

  • @tommybhoy88
    @tommybhoy88 2 роки тому +5

    Another great 1 Jeff it's good learning about lesser known guys but like you say they are the foundations of these crime families, its strange how gotti disliked or killed guys like Joe the cat and Robert Di bernardo, massive earners you'd always wana keep sweet

    • @eurobubble7068
      @eurobubble7068 2 роки тому

      DiBernardo was under investigation for distributing child porn.

  • @tkso.philly-7868
    @tkso.philly-7868 2 роки тому +1

    Jealousy,greed, money, Power,,,, MURDER-----

  • @cookie-chan6809
    @cookie-chan6809 Рік тому +1

    He did not set up his family. He set up his bastard kids. Not his real kids or real grandchildren. Don’t get it twisted.

    • @GREGGSOHO
      @GREGGSOHO 2 місяці тому +1

      So true.....

  • @mikes62soupcan
    @mikes62soupcan 2 роки тому

    Great episode, lot info I didn’t know about The Cat.

  • @edbielak5525
    @edbielak5525 2 роки тому

    Very nice!!

  • @bryanwhelan351
    @bryanwhelan351 2 роки тому

    will rogers said that. another outstanding video!

  • @georgecostanza4233
    @georgecostanza4233 2 роки тому

    I really enjoyed this one Jeff it was really exceptional

  • @andremiller5552
    @andremiller5552 2 роки тому +1

    I didn’t know Paul Giamatti was The Cat’s grandson.

    • @jennywren9068
      @jennywren9068 Рік тому +1

      He’s not. That’s my grandfather I think I’d know!

  • @anthonykelly3702
    @anthonykelly3702 2 роки тому

    Hi Jeff I've heard about gravano talking about him but he didn't go into detail about it great video jeff god bless

  • @streetcast1443
    @streetcast1443 2 роки тому +1

    I think the Verrazano bridge is so interesting I crossed it back in 1999 when I was driving truck to pick up a load and Brooklyn I can't

  • @moniquecasale9966
    @moniquecasale9966 2 роки тому +1

    That was not a picture of Buddy, that is a picture of his other son, Jimmy.

  • @streetcast1443
    @streetcast1443 2 роки тому

    On Kent in Brooklyn. I walked a little bit the east river.

  • @richardsmith7322
    @richardsmith7322 2 роки тому

    Congratulations on Barstool and the podcast Jeff 👍

  • @bighomiesav912
    @bighomiesav912 2 роки тому

    Shout out to you my brother just got off from work long 18-hour shift something good to come home to at night this sues me and put me to sleep like a baby and when I wake up I have something real to wake up to thank you for the content

  • @rugger104
    @rugger104 2 роки тому

    OC Shorts also covered Joe the Cat

  • @Irishbangbang37
    @Irishbangbang37 2 роки тому

    Awesome video

  • @MrOtis07
    @MrOtis07 2 роки тому +3

    Used to see him and his son on new dorp lane all the timd

  • @jbworkman2218
    @jbworkman2218 2 роки тому

    First time I watched really enjoyed the story interesting guy.

  • @RK-jc5ey
    @RK-jc5ey 2 роки тому +1

    Hey Jeff, speaking about the guys we know a little about how about the Detroit mob you should look into the fact that they lived in the Grosse pointe neighborhood which is still the highest median income neighborhood in America higher than Beverly Hills mind you and never appeared in the newspapers. After a certain point which granted people speculate that’s due to the newspaper editor living in Grosse Pointe.

  • @The495marauder
    @The495marauder 2 роки тому +3

    Hey Jeff, you make great videos , and it would be a shame if you can’t make them anymore. If you know what I mean.

  • @kaym.h.3583
    @kaym.h.3583 2 роки тому +4

    Great story Jeff - I tend to root for the underdogs myself 😊 u got any stories about the real sapronos?

    • @thesitdownwithjeffnadu
      @thesitdownwithjeffnadu  2 роки тому

      yes

    • @christophersorrentino1271
      @christophersorrentino1271 2 роки тому

      Blake Horyon.... bunch of us sitting around trying to figure out what a "commenter". Stoll dont understand what you are trying to allude to, but I guess you figured you just had to get your face on "You-Tube", not mature how ridiculous the premise. Congratulations!! You made the big time!!!!!

  • @paulmistretta8326
    @paulmistretta8326 2 роки тому

    Hey Jeff as always entertaining! Hope all is going well at Barstool! Tell stu I said hello if you run into him! Best of luck!!

  • @stuartgordon461
    @stuartgordon461 2 роки тому

    Hi Jeff not sure if you have done a video on sunny pinto who killed joe gallo not much on UA-cam about him thanks from Scotland uk 🇬🇧

  • @2times350
    @2times350 2 роки тому

    Hey Jeff Great stuff as usual. I’m a huge mafia buff West End Irish gang and the rozzuto of Montreal very interesting gangsters

  • @mobbuster7778
    @mobbuster7778 2 роки тому +1

    You live under a rock

  • @DirtyMac5151
    @DirtyMac5151 2 роки тому +1

    Interesting story, as I know very little on it. Here's what I want to know, if higher-ups wanted to take control of the Ravenite, why not just annex it for lack of a better term? How was he able to stop them from taking it if he ever did? Is it really off the basis of being a member? Maybe he had ppl in the right places to shutdown any hostilities head his way.

  • @billg7205
    @billg7205 2 роки тому

    I didn't know Bill O'Reilly was a big earner 😆

  • @calviethang7139
    @calviethang7139 2 роки тому

    Wassup Naduuuu just dropped by to gain some Mob knowledge and showing some love! Ight pce

  • @truenorth3740
    @truenorth3740 2 роки тому

    You are wrong Will Rodgers said “buy land son God ain’t making no more”

  • @streetcast1443
    @streetcast1443 2 роки тому

    The road to Rhode Island were all f***** up it took me 6 hours to get into Brooklyn to the BQE

  • @stuarthamill5967
    @stuarthamill5967 2 роки тому

    Another great show Jeff. Love from Belfast. Would you ever do a show on Jackie nose and/or Pete gotti. I can never find that much info on them

    • @thesitdownwithjeffnadu
      @thesitdownwithjeffnadu  2 роки тому

      several of my shows included info on peter... jackie sure

    • @chairlesnicol672
      @chairlesnicol672 2 роки тому

      @@thesitdownwithjeffnadu Why was Joe despised I'm missing some part If he was a huge earner didn't he give a segment to his bosses ?

  • @peterbowen7571
    @peterbowen7571 2 роки тому

    Great story!

  • @sugarpuddin
    @sugarpuddin 2 роки тому

    If the Ravenite is still a shoe store it has to be a money laundering scheme!
    Rents there in the 10013 zip code are extremely high; and rents have arbitrarily triple time and time and time again. That place has like five shoes for sale and I have never seen anyone in there!
    I lived there at Hester and Mulberry.

  • @potheadmike8510
    @potheadmike8510 2 роки тому +1

    I wonder how the Laforte's feel about everything they have, was acquired through elicit means.

    • @christophersorrentino1271
      @christophersorrentino1271 2 роки тому +1

      Hey,you " Pothead Mike"! The handle says it all! You ain't the brightest took in the shed are you? Horace Greeley ( I can ALMOST Swear it it) Weiting for the upstate NEW YOUR SUN, expressed the America business mantra as best as possible when he said " Behind Every great fortune is a great crime "

    • @christophersorrentino1271
      @christophersorrentino1271 2 роки тому

      The Kennedy's never denied being bootleggers, Tim Mara, original owner of the football NY Giants, was a bookmaker, protected by the Tammany Hall political machine. The Seagram's scorch fortune, and the seed money for all those Canadian franchises??

    • @christophersorrentino1271
      @christophersorrentino1271 2 роки тому

      Go grab a copy of the original book, "The Valachi Papers" and it all will be explained to you

    • @christophersorrentino1271
      @christophersorrentino1271 2 роки тому

      The world must divest itself of this venal jealousy, that only embarrasses oneself when it shows its face . I'm not going to give you the confidence or satisfaction if I heard this first-hand, but at one time growing up in the Fourth Ward, Joe had to sleep on the fire escape for lack of room.After that crucible, he's entitled to all that comes his way. Enjoy your jealousy!!

    • @potheadmike8510
      @potheadmike8510 2 роки тому +1

      @@christophersorrentino1271 - A rose by any other name, bruh.
      A word of advice... Before you criticize someone's intelligence, at THE VERY LEAST be able to spell... 🤣
      Getting you fortune through embezzling or thievery is one thing. To have killed for it many times over, is quite another.
      The book I suggest YOU read, is called Webster's Dictionary.

  • @landoyuma5926
    @landoyuma5926 2 роки тому +1

    Who are you my dear friend how do yo know about the family

  • @seanburton6904
    @seanburton6904 2 роки тому +1

    John Gotti pulled a rat move. Smh. 2 nd accusation

  • @roderickstockdale1678
    @roderickstockdale1678 2 роки тому

    Jeff where are you from and are you Italian….

  • @MelodicMizeryPs3Vids
    @MelodicMizeryPs3Vids 2 роки тому

    he looks like the actor who played the liquid temrinator lol

  • @flamboyentpromotions3471
    @flamboyentpromotions3471 2 роки тому +1

    Paul Castellano seems to get a bad deal, most of the stories i hear about him from Sammy an others he sounds like he was actually quite a wise guy so to speak.Obviously the mob life is ruthless tho

    • @kennethbubser9601
      @kennethbubser9601 2 роки тому

      They all have to bad mouth Paul so they can justify killing him. In that life rumors start to make a guy look bad to other gangsters to see who with Paul or against him

  • @34ISAPHATFCK
    @34ISAPHATFCK Рік тому

    He was a good guy met him many times

  • @NyNjMafia
    @NyNjMafia 2 роки тому

    They don’t own the the building “John Gotti’s Club” on Mulberry anymore.. it was confiscated

  • @lawrencelowe193
    @lawrencelowe193 2 роки тому

    HOW MUCH TIME DID Joe the cat do on his first outing!

    • @GREGGSOHO
      @GREGGSOHO 2 місяці тому

      Maybe 2 years, no more. The man was the smartest gangster, not like these idiots who get caught and are rats.

  • @wardlewis35
    @wardlewis35 2 роки тому

    smart cat bought up downtown real estate way back not all mob guys were dumbys this guy saw the long game you could only gey into that real estate game back then soho was industrial back then tribeca didnt exist his real estate was pure gold

  • @dennisoakley1256
    @dennisoakley1256 2 роки тому

    Somebody I know went to the feast and they say Little Italy Mulberry Street is a a mess garbage all over the place I find it hard to believe but can you look into that

  • @scottschlemmer4787
    @scottschlemmer4787 2 роки тому

    Stan Polley the associate who robbed his clients blind, most notably the band Bad Finger. Frustrated at being broke even though they had No.1 hits their leader Pete Ham killed himself. Another member subsequently did the same.

  • @GeorgetteAhneman-c5e
    @GeorgetteAhneman-c5e Рік тому

    Interesting Story. I am a LaForte but i am french so no relation. Always heard his name growing up. Wondered why they called him "the cat".