Isaias Hernandez
Isaias Hernandez
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Critical Ecology: Scars Of The Land Ft Dr. Suzanne Pierre
Critical ecology is an area of environmental research illuminating the direct lines between environmental processes and human equality and liberation. Critical ecology seeks to empirically and mechanistically define the social precursors and consequences of climate change and anthropogenic environmental harms. Bringing antiracism into the environmental movement, where science meets critical race theory, and how injustices like slavery scarred the landscapes.
Critical Ecology Lab is an independent research lab based in Oakland, CA. Dr. Suzanne Pierre's lab focuses on relating ecological processes and the forces that have influenced them to human equality and liberation.
How do our ecological investigations intersect with social and cultural frameworks? How could invisible and unjust systems relate to environmental crises? These are the types of questions asked in the lab. In this episode, you’ll hear from the team that makes CEL’s work possible. What does this work represent for the environmental justice movement? How does CEL bring this inquiry from theory to practice? What changes does the world need but not yet have?
What do you think of critical ecology? Have you made the connection between critical race theory and ecological research? What did this make you think of? We’d love to hear from you in the comments.
Follow the work of CEL below:
www.criticalecologylab.org/
critical_ecology?hl=en
This episode was gracefully supported by The Slow Factory Foundation. I was a 2023 Media Justice Fellow. To support the work of The Slow Factory, please check them out below.
slowfactory.earth/fellows
Hosts: Isaias Hernandez & Dr. Suzanne Pierre + CEL Team
Producers: Maksim Batuyev & Isaias Hernandez
Director: Isaias Hernandez & Jesse Rodden
Videographer: Jesse Rodden
Post Production Supervisor: Shashi Mostafa
Editor: James Thomson
Find me on social media (◕‿◕):
Instagram: queerbrownvegan
Twitter: queerbrownvegan
LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/queerbrownvegan/
Pinterest: www.pinterest.com/queerbrownvegan
Tumblr: www.queerbrownvegan.tumblr.com
Want to work together on an episode? Email me at queerbrownvegan@gmail.com
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00:00 Introduction
00:22 What is critical ecology
20:52 Academia, elitism, and science research
32:36 Science communication & media
38:04 Why storytelling matters
45:50 Conclusion
#criticalecology #ecology #science
Переглядів: 616

Відео

Underconsumption core trend
Переглядів 6 тис.День тому
Underconsumption core trend
Solarpunk explained
Переглядів 46821 день тому
Solarpunk explained
Nex Benedict: Confronting Transphobia
Переглядів 370Місяць тому
Nex Benedict: Confronting Transphobia
2024 Rausser College of Natural Resources - UC Berkeley Commencement Speech
Переглядів 1652 місяці тому
2024 Rausser College of Natural Resources - UC Berkeley Commencement Speech
Unforgettable Tragedies: The Legacy of Self-Immolation
Переглядів 1792 місяці тому
Unforgettable Tragedies: The Legacy of Self-Immolation
Gremlincore / goblincore explained
Переглядів 2692 місяці тому
Gremlincore / goblincore explained
Why Climate Justice Matters
Переглядів 2703 місяці тому
Why Climate Justice Matters
Banks Funding Forest Destruction
Переглядів 2153 місяці тому
Banks Funding Forest Destruction
Degrowth explained
Переглядів 7483 місяці тому
Degrowth explained
Fairy Doors On Trees Are Bad
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Fairy Doors On Trees Are Bad
Why Landback Movement Is Actually A Great Idea
Переглядів 2,5 тис.4 місяці тому
Why Landback Movement Is Actually A Great Idea
Symbiocene: Building Beyond The Anthropocene
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Symbiocene: Building Beyond The Anthropocene
What’s A Sustainable Job? Inside ECOS
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What’s A Sustainable Job? Inside ECOS
Are Gender Reveal Parties Bad For The Environment?
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Are Gender Reveal Parties Bad For The Environment?
Urban Ecology: Can Los Angeles Be Fixed? Ft. Kat Superfisky
Переглядів 1,2 тис.6 місяців тому
Urban Ecology: Can Los Angeles Be Fixed? Ft. Kat Superfisky
Wellbeing economies explained
Переглядів 3506 місяців тому
Wellbeing economies explained
Climate Carceralism: The Future of Climate-Linked Prison Labor
Переглядів 1376 місяців тому
Climate Carceralism: The Future of Climate-Linked Prison Labor
Is sustainability an illusion?
Переглядів 2836 місяців тому
Is sustainability an illusion?
Avoiding the Catastrophe: Insights from COP28
Переглядів 2847 місяців тому
Avoiding the Catastrophe: Insights from COP28
Young People Sue Government For Climate Change
Переглядів 1687 місяців тому
Young People Sue Government For Climate Change
Ecofeminism explained
Переглядів 3,5 тис.8 місяців тому
Ecofeminism explained
Why Lab Grown Meat Could Change Everything or Not.
Переглядів 6428 місяців тому
Why Lab Grown Meat Could Change Everything or Not.
Climate Week NYC: Is It Worth Going?
Переглядів 2898 місяців тому
Climate Week NYC: Is It Worth Going?
Are gas stoves dangerous? The hidden risks revealed
Переглядів 1889 місяців тому
Are gas stoves dangerous? The hidden risks revealed
Aspen Institute Climate Conference
Переглядів 1099 місяців тому
Aspen Institute Climate Conference
Latino Vegans: Climate, Culture, and Food
Переглядів 2059 місяців тому
Latino Vegans: Climate, Culture, and Food
Climate Comedy Latino Edition
Переглядів 13710 місяців тому
Climate Comedy Latino Edition
Growing Up Poor & Latino: Sustainable Edition
Переглядів 19110 місяців тому
Growing Up Poor & Latino: Sustainable Edition
Growing Up Latino In A Eco Friendly Household
Переглядів 26111 місяців тому
Growing Up Latino In A Eco Friendly Household

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @KFoxtheGreat
    @KFoxtheGreat 9 годин тому

    I love this. I work at a university and seeing a lab that has such an important mission and doesn't have to deal with university bureaucracy is wonderful to see

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 9 годин тому

      Right?! 📕🌳 it’s a way to reclaim independence while contributing to academia

  • @alexishidalgo7020
    @alexishidalgo7020 День тому

    Thank you so much for sharing!! Im learning so much from you and excited to see what else you share with us ❤️

  • @isaacjacobs4397
    @isaacjacobs4397 День тому

    Boo hoo.

  • @diandramarizet
    @diandramarizet День тому

    We love under consumption core 🍄 !!!!

  • @diandramarizet
    @diandramarizet День тому

    Omg love this series so much! 🥹🤎

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan День тому

      Thank you! Can't wait to share more in the future!

  • @g_willow
    @g_willow 2 дні тому

    I belive the undercunsomption and the deinfluancing is trending because most everyone is broke and that when 3/4ths of them manage to get on their feet again financially, they will go right back to hauls and reviewing on the next big thing. Also, Ive got a problem with this being under consumption lik ok, so you have one water bottle, two coats and drive a used car. Thats not under, for the vast majority of us, its just NORMAL.

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 2 дні тому

      This is a great analysis and point you bring up!!! And yes exactly a lot of things are normal to have in this day of era that are necessities to live by lol!

  • @russellhobbs4945
    @russellhobbs4945 2 дні тому

    BS

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 2 дні тому

      History doesn’t lie. Especially if it’s documented in history.

  • @paulalopez1800
    @paulalopez1800 2 дні тому

    Estoy de acuerdo, hay que llevarlo al ámbito politico y trabajar por la justicia social para que sea algo con verdadero impacto hacia el cambio

  • @Cerowastecindy
    @Cerowastecindy 2 дні тому

    This is amazing friend!

  • @c8kelly659
    @c8kelly659 2 дні тому

    I feel so inspired to hear their stories of perseverance.

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 2 дні тому

      Thank you so much for watching & supporting 😊🙏🏽

  • @imkevinjpatel
    @imkevinjpatel 2 дні тому

    This episode is so insightful!!!

  • @imkevinjpatel
    @imkevinjpatel 2 дні тому

    Pop off Issa !!

  • @imkevinjpatel
    @imkevinjpatel 2 дні тому

    Omg this is amazing

  • @isabelpenaloza-og1yb
    @isabelpenaloza-og1yb 2 дні тому

    This video very interesting, thanks 👏🍃🌱🌿💚🍀💦

  • @interfaithchoirs
    @interfaithchoirs 2 дні тому

    A really inspiring and empowering video. Thank you. There were some really moving moments. I liked the discussion of loss and loss of traditional culture. My mind made links between asylums, institutions of 'correction', labour camps, work houses, and plantations, and I remembered the plantation system in Ireland. There are all these sad links, with those Europeans in the ruling classes experimenting on the disabled and disenfranchised, and those of the wrong religion (and I remember that the first enslaved people on Sao Tome were convicts and Jewish people), then exporting these experiments wholesale to whole continents. It's a sad, sad story. But your video felt empowering as well as linking to these terrifying sadnesses. Power to you! (Andrew Cheffings, Interfaith Choirs)

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 2 дні тому

      History is a powerful tool to allow us to examine the harm and violence from systems and institutions that hurt people globally. It's also powerful we continue to hold tight to history to understand the ways we navigate our society because we cannot have history repeat itself again and pave a new future of justice, equity, and inclusion for everyone.

    • @interfaithchoirs
      @interfaithchoirs 3 години тому

      @@queerbrownvegan Thank you.

  • @adrianalintz7571
    @adrianalintz7571 2 дні тому

    Amazing video, thanks for putting this out! And thank you for all your research

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 2 дні тому

      Thank you so much for watching, your support means so much to me. I can't wait to continue evolving these series of episodes :)

  • @isabelpenaloza-og1yb
    @isabelpenaloza-og1yb 2 дні тому

    🌿🌿🌿🌿🌿🐢💚🌱🍃💦🌲🌳♥️🌅😊

  • @micheller3251
    @micheller3251 3 дні тому

    My only worry with solarpunk is that the aesthetic part will be co-opted by the rich and used as a form of urban greenwashing instead of investing in things that would benefit the lower class and that would be more efficient in reducing carbon emissions. For example, one of the staples of solarpunk aesthetic is vertical forest which is already being proposed in richer cities AND is already criticized by urbanists since it would be much more demanding ressource wise, more dangerous, and much less efficient than simply reducing street lanes to plant more trees, building wildlife crossings, turning parking lots into biodiverse parks as well as focussing on more accessible and more efficient public transport and building a decent bicycle network. I genuinely think that the only way for this to work properly is to make sure that the solutions offered by solarpunk are practical, science based, and owned by communities (like you proposed for renewable energies)

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 3 дні тому

      I agree with this sentiment! This is one of my biggest critiques is that this movement is not yet diverse, and I feel that those who are able to produce these models are often affluent people. We need to be able to decentralize the imagery and put realistic imagery of how people of those who come from poverty / working class imagine a sustainable future. Too much futurism that disregards justice and equity will only lead to further harm! And I need to look into the vertical garden component, are there any sources you've found? I would love to learn more as I am not experienced in those fields of areas!

    • @micheller3251
      @micheller3251 3 дні тому

      @@queerbrownvegan I love how you word it, "to decentralize the imagery", I'll definitely use that too now. For ressources, I'm not a specialist either, I just happen to watch a lot of rewildering and urbanism/architecture content. My two favorite videos on the topic of vertical forests (or tree-covered skyscrapers) are Unraveling Architecture's "Tree-Covered Green Skyscrapers aren't Great...", and Adam Something's "Why Green Skyscrapers are a terrible idea". The B1M (a channel dedicated to construction news) also has an interesting video about it, and more specifically about the Bosco Verticale project in Milan, and mentions sustainability issues since most of these buildings require lots of cement. Unraveling Architecture's video is definitely more on the educational side (she studied architecture) and goes over most of the issues created or unadressed by vertical forests, while Adam Something is a lot less scientific and more sarcastic and humoristic but still points out that several of these models are built next to 6 lane roads and surrounded by unused concrete slabs which could be used to plant a LOT of trees. I also suggest looking into Chengdu's Qiyi City Forest Garden project which got overrun by mosquitoes and is almost entirely vacant because no one wants to live there. Edit: DamiLee has a great video on understanding carbon calculation for buildings in "Was this renovation a 200M$ waste?"

  • @lenabjarskog7590
    @lenabjarskog7590 3 дні тому

    Thank you so much for a great clip! I found you on insta also, will follow you there as well 🎉

  • @lisettegarcia
    @lisettegarcia 4 дні тому

    Here's a thought: someone who is good and quick at sewing could make the community's clothes and trade that valuable labor with their neighbors who raise chickens that lay eggs or who fix washing machines or produce cars. Welcome to capitalism! 😛

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 3 дні тому

      Yes, cooperative work models are a great example of this :)

    • @lisettegarcia
      @lisettegarcia 3 дні тому

      @@queerbrownvegan a rose by any other name smells just the same. "Cooperative work model" is just a wordy way to say capitalism

  • @treesoul00
    @treesoul00 4 дні тому

    omg yes 🙌🏻🥰 🌳

  • @Vivian-ks7jr
    @Vivian-ks7jr 4 дні тому

    Baby steps!

  • @VVilde36
    @VVilde36 5 днів тому

    This is so strange.... I am all for romanticizing everyday life but stuff like this??? Is just Normal Behavior??? I mean yeah! "Consume Normally core" if thats what it takes to get people interested in stuff and stop the trend of buying stuff. I think anything that doesnt glamorize buying stuff should stay popular for as long as we can try and get the great Algo to humor the sensible people .... Low key this is just "Tell everyone else around you that u grew up rish"

  • @athenapantazes
    @athenapantazes 6 днів тому

    I agree that while this trend is definitely not enough, it can most certainly be a start for people who didn’t even care at all, to maybe start caring even a little bit . That’s my hope at least !

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 5 днів тому

      I agree. I see so many people being influenced by the great lifestyle! The question is how can we make sure it's sustained for decades rather than a one-hit wonder.

  • @nicoleb81
    @nicoleb81 6 днів тому

    Do you just look for things to whine about? Are you naturally a very nitpicky person? Despite your little gripes, the underconsumption core still does more good than harm. Nothing is perfect

  • @pasitheathanatosasmr488
    @pasitheathanatosasmr488 6 днів тому

    Black and brown people aren’t the only poor people and saying that made you sound like you think *all* black and brown people are poor, and *all* white people are upper middle class or above. Just sayin’.

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 6 днів тому

      In the United States, people of color have experienced higher poverty rates than white people since 1980. I’m not saying white people aren’t poor either but they benefit from whiteness and privilege. I listen to the data and history

  • @memberberry7139
    @memberberry7139 6 днів тому

    You forgot the P…. PDF file

  • @iammelol925
    @iammelol925 6 днів тому

    I hate to be that guy but my gaydar is going off

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 6 днів тому

      Congrats! It means you engage with LGBT content creators on here 🌈

  • @memberberry7139
    @memberberry7139 6 днів тому

    How about stop grooming children

  • @sneekywario
    @sneekywario 6 днів тому

    who got temu elon yapping about underconsumption 😭

  • @truvietrailers2736
    @truvietrailers2736 6 днів тому

    Ok

  • @m.n.tarrint9187
    @m.n.tarrint9187 6 днів тому

    I'm really happy to see the rise in non-consumerism. Hand made and vintage things are the best. I'm going to start looking into the app Buy Nothing because it supports people locally and most of us are not wealthy enough to keep this toxic economic hamster wheel going. This really needs to be more than a fad.

  • @micheller3251
    @micheller3251 6 днів тому

    I hope more people see this video, it's the best and most complete analysis/critique I've seen so far. A focus on deeper levels of understanding is what will break the cycle!

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 6 днів тому

      Ahh hthank you! Hoping it gets picked up more!

  • @cardcgirl
    @cardcgirl 7 днів тому

    I like under consumption but people need to throw out expired products. Keeping old expired makeup is not safe. I think the direction should be less is more like do you need 10+ products of the same thing like body wash. No.

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 6 днів тому

      Yeah as someone who also cares about health there are expiration dates that people need to follow in terms of certain products like beauty lol!

  • @kandykate163
    @kandykate163 7 днів тому

    So we are really kissing dinosaurs

  • @UltraViolet666
    @UltraViolet666 7 днів тому

    I'm so glad I found your UA-cam channel. I've followed you on instagram for a long time, but barely use it now so didn't know you did youtube too!

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 7 днів тому

      Ahhh so glad to hear that and these videos are all exclusive to this channel soo this audience gets a whole different type of content :D

  • @LilDirtyMushroom
    @LilDirtyMushroom 8 днів тому

    It’s not a trend, (according to me and my friends) I just feel good in this style, I get a lot of hate.

  • @mia_djojowasito_malik
    @mia_djojowasito_malik 8 днів тому

    I have never been this excited about a tiktok trend (well except when they decide my usual style of dressing is suddenly cool). Idk if it's because I'm comfortably middle class & all my primary needs have been met, but seeing PR unboxings stress me out & i get overwhelmed by seeing people by every shade of lipstick in existence off a brand 5 times a year. I start overthinking & wondering about the hellish recyling process & there's something satisfying about using things up, fixing things, and saving money (and just having savings & no debt). Thank you 🙏

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 7 днів тому

      Yess!! It’s brought out a lot of healthy discussions and analysis around our consumption behaviors! And I feel that this is just the beginning of many people questioning others around their lifestyle consumption!! When we redesign our mindsets to be more local and accessible we create a blueprint of what an ecological stable future looks like ♥️

    • @micheller3251
      @micheller3251 6 днів тому

      I don't think it's because you're middle class, I grew up poor (and I still am) and have the same reaction. I think it has more to do with education and cultural values

  • @mariechristinasartcafe
    @mariechristinasartcafe 8 днів тому

    Jumping to your full video on the topic now because I love the trend in the sense that I was tired of seeing ads after ads everytime I watch something on social media. But as a black Caribbean woman who grew up on thrifted clothes, reused containers, etc because there was never another option to begin with, I really appreciate this perspective. This is our normal life that's now a CORE

  • @Iquey
    @Iquey 8 днів тому

    I think we need to make it a trend to mail our trash from one corporation back to that corporation.

  • @karoliinahehe5522
    @karoliinahehe5522 9 днів тому

    hi! u have such great points. i randomly made two fairy doors out of sticks and wood and put them leaning on two park trees. i’m planning on taking them out before winter and checking up on em as they stay outside. i totally agree that u should never put nails on trees or use mass produced fairy doors. we can make small natural doors if even that:) thank u for ur points🌱the fairies thank u🍃

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 9 днів тому

      Thank you so much for sharing your thoughts! And love the way you were able to do it in an earthly manner! hoping this video continues to help others out there :)

  • @uniquelyme7662
    @uniquelyme7662 10 днів тому

    I come from middle class yet my family still pass around hand me downs and I still prefer thrift store furniture and clothes rather than get everything new. I wear things until they fall apart but that’s because I was raised by baby boomers. it’s just a smarter way of doing things regardless of class

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 10 днів тому

      Yes I do think within older generations they were more sustainable in certain aspects of lifestyle choices etc.

  • @PaletteDreams-i1p
    @PaletteDreams-i1p 11 днів тому

    In my opinion, I have a love hate relationship with this. I’ve seen underconsumption videos that are good like how to thrift, how to recycle certain materials and make the most out of them, and I watch a lot of food influencers and see how they reuse certain foods. However, I’ve seen videos some of the things seem totally unnecessary. For example there was this girl who tried to deinfluence cleaning supplies by making her own which is generally unsafe and not as effect compared to science proven brands and people in the comment section told her that this was not helpful for poor people who’s time could be spent buying something affordable. Or the videos where they basically say that they don’t want or have a gym membership. but the people who do aren’t over consuming, they’re investing in their body and health, not clothes, makeup, or shoes. Or I’ve even seen comments on food videos where people say that someone is eating is overconsumption however if the food is not going to waste then HOW?! If I had a big family I would buy a lot of food to lay and in America a lot of people stock up if they are busy working, have kids, or don’t live a minutes walk from a grocery store. Also I believe in supporting small businesses by buying merch or donating and I will continue to buy stuff like that to help others. I won’t thrift or borrow everything because some things I would like for myself or my family. Don’t get me wrong overconsumption is a thing. Like you don’t need to have 20 makeup palettes, blushes, eyeshadow, bronzer, etc if you already have some or aren’t going good to use it. Just get a few that you like and work good for you and stick to a set that’ll last long until you find something better. But also don’t keep an expired makeup set when it’s okay to say it’s done and buy a new one. You know? I think we need a balance and also need to set the record straight that underconsumption is buying AN UNNECESSARY AMOUNT OF ITEMS rather than buying stuff at all. Sorry for the huge rant

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 10 днів тому

      Thank you for sharing your view and so many great points! I feel like there were some videos that were really good and helpful and some that were not as helpful in my opinion that then maybe people recommending and pushing their products. I agree around the supporting of local businesses and thinking more locally! It's all in moderation in which I feel that Gen Z ( younger generations) are buying products as much as possible. I heard that Temu ships 1/3 of products to the US solely! Which is a large fraction!

  • @Kabuki301
    @Kabuki301 11 днів тому

    Hi Isaias, I love that underconsumption core is trending and thankyou for doing this considered response. It needs to be deconstructed - but it also needs to be encouraged as it’s the first “trend” I have seen in forever that talks to a mindset redesign for people who think they need the latest thing to belong (and funny how people are asking for reccs in the videos promoting this trend). Most people are trained from birth to want stuff, (witness kids in the aisle at any supermarket) and though you point to poverty, and rightly so as a reason why it’s a difficult one that itself is part of the construct of why people have not seen being smart/frugal/considered because of the associations to poverty when in fact it just makes sense. I call it “enoughness” the knowing what you need, and living with it and nothing more because what’s the point in having more than you can need or use? When you really think about it, greed is pointless.

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 10 днів тому

      Love this point you mentioned around having enough since it's a common shared theme or value with people that they can relate to without having to redesign to much of their relationships. I think that these micro trends to bring buzz around sustainability which do add critical value to the discussion. The question is how sustainable is the trend or word long-term versus short term? As digital media continues to evolve into our lexicon, I am afraid whether or not they will have significance long term for other movements but i do hope that those who preached or embraced it recently delve more into sustainability and work together for solutions!

  • @diegomarquez3293
    @diegomarquez3293 11 днів тому

    Nadie usa el denomino “latinx” es ofensivo e irrespetuoso. Para por favor.

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 10 днів тому

      En America personas usa Latinx o latines

    • @diegomarquez3293
      @diegomarquez3293 9 днів тому

      @@queerbrownvegan No obstante, las personas creen que eso es ofensivo.

  • @oboemoboe
    @oboemoboe 11 днів тому

    Ok, but are Gen Z and Gen alpha into this to actually consume less, or just for the aesthetic? Like, are they going to run out and buy stuff to look like they consume less because they saw it on tiktok? Aha, as I'm typing this, I just got to the part where you more or less ask this question!

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 11 днів тому

      I feel that it's more of an aesthetic trend for virality at the moment. Especially since Gen Z are larger consumers of brands at the moment, especially fast fashion etc.

  • @mariabou7178
    @mariabou7178 11 днів тому

    To feel targeted when people try to un-normalise the overconsumption that runs RAMPANT in modern society and always targets lower and middle class households, is more telling of you rather than the "white people".

    • @queerbrownvegan
      @queerbrownvegan 11 днів тому

      Calling out whiteness and the dimensions of how white supremacy operate in hierarchies to create subcultures is not divisive. It's implying that these innovations stem from BIPOC communities.

  • @Billitos
    @Billitos 11 днів тому

    Thank you for the information!

  • @Billitos
    @Billitos 11 днів тому

    This is such an important topic. Thank you

  • @hazeyvenus569
    @hazeyvenus569 11 днів тому

    Dubai❤❤❤❤