How Dams Work (Hydro Dams)
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- Опубліковано 9 лют 2025
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In this video we’re going to look at how dams work. We will look at all the main components of a dam, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with this type of hydro power plant.
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▶️Introduction
Humans have been harnessing the power of water for thousands of years. The potential energy of water has been used to drive mills, rotate pumps and for numerous other applications. However, converting the potential energy of water to electrical energy, is a relatively new concept.
To generate electricity using a hydro dam, you need two things, an abundance of water and an elevation difference between the outlet and inlet sides of the dam; this difference in elevation is referred to as the ‘head’.
The headwater is located upstream of the dam and the tailwater downstream; the dam separates the headwater and tailwater. The headwater consists of a large body of water, this ensures a constant supply of water can be used for power generation. A water conductor known as a penstock connects the headwater to the power house at the base of the dam. The powerhouse contains all the equipment needed to turn the potential energy of water into electrical energy.
Let’s now have a look at how we generate electricity using a hydro dam.
How Hydro Dams Work
Water enters the penstocks through one of the main inlets. The water then travels down through the penstocks until reaching the hydroelectric turbines located within the powerhouse. As the water passes over each turbine runner, the runners rotate, and we obtain mechanical energy. The mechanical energy from the turbine runners is passed to an electrical generator, which is connected on a common shaft. We have now converted the water’s potential energy into electrical energy and can distribute this through a transformer and high voltage national grid. To end the process, the water flows from the powerhouse through the draft tubes until reaching the tailwater. The entire process is continuous, which leads to a constant and reliable form of power generation.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Hydroelectric dams:
1. Offer a constant and reliable form of power generation providing enough head water is present.
2. Represent a renewable (green) form of energy and produce no waste products.
3. Are very efficient compared to other power generation means.
4. Cheap to operate.
5. Have a long working service life (some hydroelectric plants are over 100 years old!).
Disadvantages
Hydroelectric dams:
1. Can disrupt local habitats considerably due to the large changes needed to create the conditions required by the dam. These adverse effects are felt by both plants and animals alike; this is by far the largest disadvantage associated with hydro dams.
2. Expensive to construct (high initial costs).
3. Risk of failure. Unfortunately the risk of failure is not always small and the consequences can be catastrophic.
Regardless of the advantages and disadvantages associated with dams, these enormous man-made structures are likely to remain as part of our scenery for decades to come.
Sources
www.energy.gov...
#saVRee #PowerEngineering #IndustrialEngineering
Want to continue learning about engineering with videos like this one? Then visit:
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well I'll be dammed
🤣🤣
haha
Lmaoooooooo
69 LIKES!!!!
Fawk Yeah, word play humor
Thanks!
Wow... This is very helpful for UAE SOS which is my class right now.
This version was easier to understand than the yank one. Thx
Tried to explain 5th grader how dam works, very little success until this video showed up.. Thanx man👍
Glad it helped!
Not many people may notice but, Hydroelectric powerplants are actually very similar to Nuclear powerplants. Both have a high initial cost, Can cause catastrophic disasters if you cut too many corners, otherwise VERY safe, And are cheap to operate.Lets not forget About the fact that they both can be turned on or off therefore increasing the stability of the grid(idk how to phrase this bit so sorry if i phrased it wrongly). What about the downsides? Well hydro kinda changes the environment however they do generally have some way to preserve marine life. They dont completely dry up a river downstream(you have to let a percentage of flow through where i live). Nuclear’s downsides? Well its very expensive so massive investment and also public opinion on it is the exact opposite of what it is (its the safest energy sıurce but public opinion thinks its the least safe).
Nice video, very informative. I think it is also important to mention that the huge amount of energy that is required to produce contrete is generally taken from non-renewable sources. This reject a lot of CO2 in the atmosphere (usually with a ratio of 10kg concrete / 9kg CO2). So, in the end, dams are green once they are built, but not so during their construction.
We can't let upfront costs scare us away from long term solutions though. Solutions don't have to be perfect to be an improvement.
*Thanks for the great graphics video man*
Thank you
A very well put video!
I'm a year late, but thank you for the video. Simple explanation, easy to understand. Thank you again!
Im 2yrs late. Came here just bcoz of studies. I wouldnt search this at all
@@abdumajeidxuseen6995iam 4 years late
Thanks John
You're welcome. Thanks for watching.
great!
I'm building my dam now!
Thank you I learnt a lot
LOVED ITT
Wow thanks ! Great explanations
Useful!!
Dam good explanation
Tysmmmmmm 💙🧡💙🧡💙🧡
Dam good video broske
This helped me for my UAE SST
Same here!
Thanks this helped me with home work
pikachu pikachu do u like infernape
One downside to hydroelectric that is not mentioned in the video is that changes in weather patterns can render them basically useless if the region goes through a period of severe drought.
Thanks for the video it was educational
Hello
thanks very much super helpful for my essay.
Great work man♥️🙏🏻
Am I the only one afraid of getting sucked
into one of these things. 🤣🤣
There is a Trash rack that prevents unwanted items into the turbines
@@0-Mugiwara-0 'unwanted items' like dead bodies
Dam right!
I am trying to upload this video to my Google classroom, and it says I can't, the owner has deleted it. That's too bad, because it's a great video.
Download it to your computer
Dam that's bad
Or video downloader
@@ms.barnett7122 😂😂😂😂😂
I feel like this is a prime example of how humans got content with an idea.
Dam, that was simple
Some penstocks can be located many kilometers away because of various reasons. There are some located at the bottom of lakes.
dam good video
I've heard they prevent flooding too
they do prevent flooding
Ek number kya video hai
Bhot hard
i tried showing my friend but he doesn't give a dam!
Wow soooooo hilarious
Comedy god right here. Please marry my daughter.
@@rizgarghaf4758 ahaha.if she consents we can do this. problem is you don't have a daughter
@@snekjuce boom🧨🧨🧨🧨🧨
F
Him up
Right
The video shows some os the most important dams in Portugal. I am wrong? ( Venda Nova, Alto Lindoso and Alto Rabagão) :)
Vilarinho das Furnas also.
Please explain the electrical parts in detail on next video
hows dam work :D savage!. Thanks it really helps me especially the coal fired one, really helps me on my capstone!
Dammm that’s crazy
Hi John. All is well
Hi, did you delete the long video about transformer?
What happens to the fish when.they go through the terbine?
OUCH!
Oof
there is a Trash rack that prevents unwanted items into the turbines
S/o to you if you're watching while sitting by a dam
The dam is made by asmant
I sort of had the idea how it could work but wanted to see how it actually worked in detail or if I was completely wrong. I was half-right.
*Well dam*
How can the head water increase?😖
LOL our 8th grade stem teacher shown me this
Sir 1:05 , how did you make this animated working model pls do reply
are apni kitab padh yaar tu
@@the_gmd-t So the principal is here🙄 , Yes sir As you say sir 😏
emotional ho gya re tu to
@@the_gmd-t 😂 yep alot, you broke my heart with a few words, Such a mean guy you are 🤣
@@gokulb.s1951 apni baat p khud hsne wale bnde bhi unique piece hi hte h 😬
In 1:24
Dam these puns are funny
damn
Then,how power plant works..
Dams could also produce international crisis if it is located on a transboundary river system.
@@savree-3d Egypt has no right to stop people from daming the nile. They have had exclusive rights and taken advantage of the water for too long. It's time to share
@@SabrinA-hn7ix So they just let other countries limit the amount of water that reaches Egypt which basically means that all the dams in Egypt and all the projects that cost trillions of dollars are now no longer operable?
Hell timeso
What about fish and other river dwellers? I wanted to know how they navigate this. Does the water drainage that goes through the turbines carry any creatures and if so, how do they navigate the turbines? Or are they guaranteed to be killed by the turbines?
here is a Trash rack that rubbish into the turbines that also means fish
Some dam have “fish ladders” but it’s not necessary and often not a part of old constructions. For other creatures little is considered. Most dams where built around the 1950s sooo ya can guess the “environmental considerations” that era is know for.
How many are here because of digrag sur
Advantages: Cheap to operate
Disadvantages: Expensive to construct
I mean isn't it basically the same thing?
David Nasr Nooooo lmaooo
tf? no lmao
@@lag00n54 I will admit that 2 years ago my brain was the size of a pea lmfao
ok so last i posted it was about my invention well this is a post on the issues of green power technology
So firstly there is no such thing as green power. WHY?
Well by my book for it to be green the power used to process the raw materials into say a billet of aluminum must have come from hydro as wind and solar can't deliver the rate of power needed for the smelter to run
Now this issue exists throughout the entire chain from ground to shop front and then there is the Elephant in the room of 100% recyclable non meet that bar let alone exceed it
wind at best is 65%
solar well 25-30%
even hydro at about 95% is not 100%
So i hear you shouting this man's full of #### And yes you are on the right line if your about the power made sold to the public not the back story
Lets put it another way would you let your child have a Teddybear filled with toxic material's ? NO the first job as a mom or dad is to keep them healthy yet you will allow technology into their future that as i type this is going to landfill
Now to the next issue life of the power technology
So solar is about 12 years then the return drops off by 15yrs your looking to replace them
Wind is about 27 years then costs have eaten all the profit
Hydroelectricity well 100 years is the norm but can run twice that
Now in closing its time for some truths in my world
yes i am for hydro over sun and wind and as RDP Marine Australia i have an agenda but it is up front i have told you
Also i have moved to a caravan lifestyle 10 years ago a van i designed and made solar on the roof 8 135amp batteries AND MADE IN FIBERGLASS so i know i live it
In closing well done for getting this far and yes it is just right to live in and have been doing so since 2014
On the issues of green power technology
So firstly there is no such thing as green power. WHY?
Well by my book for it to be green the power used to process the raw materials into say a billet of aluminum must have come from hydro as wind and solar can't deliver the rate of power needed for the smelter to run
Now this issue exists throughout the entire chain from ground to shop front and then there is the Elephant in the room of 100% recyclable non meet that bar let alone exceed it
wind at best is 65%
solar well 25-30%
even hydro at about 95% is not 100%
So i hear you shouting this man's full of #### And yes you are on the right line if your about the power made sold to the public not the back story
Lets put it another way would you let your child have a Teddybear filled with toxic material's ? NO the first job as a mom or dad is to keep them healthy yet you will allow technology into their future that as i type this is going to landfill
Now to the next issue life of the power technology
So solar is about 12 years then the return drops off by 15yrs your looking to replace them
Wind is about 27 years then costs have eaten all the profit
Hydroelectricity well 100 years is the norm but can run twice that
Now in closing its time for some truths in my world
yes i am for hydro over sun and wind and as RDP Marine Australia i have an agenda but it is up front i have told you
Also i have moved to a caravan lifestyle 10 years ago a van i designed and made solar on the roof 8 135amp batteries AND MADE IN FIBERGLASS so i know i live it
In closing well done for getting this far in reading this and thanks
😭
great!