How the Turbines in the Kölnbrein Dam are 92% Efficient | Richard Hammond’s Big
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- Опубліковано 26 вер 2024
- Richard Hammond explains how the turbines in Austria's Kölnbrein Dam manage to be 92% efficient, supplying electricity to houses all over the country.
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I can’t believe they let him that close to the turbine output shaft lol
Woah
Me neither..
Was he sitting on top of the generator rubbing a bicycle dynamo on the axle?
@@Froggability No, he was sitting on top of the turbine below the generator.
I see no risk or problem with that so to me it''s not unbelievable at all.
I was in the generator room of the hoover dam once. Standing next to a 40 ton solid steel shaft rotating about as fast as this one. What i found amazing was that there was no vibration, no sound: nothing. I was awestruck.
Aye, true to caesar
O was in a nozable hydro plant recently snd the whole building was buzzing and humming
@@robert.m6755 I know this. gee thanks.
Similar here (different dam, but same idea), and this is 100% true. It's genuinely awe-inspiring. Like larger than life engineering.
@@Leandro7470 based
That small dynamo left a very noticeable skid mark on the generator.
I noticed that, too!
That's a clear breach of safety protocols !
@@doctorpanigrahi9975 nothing is if you have enough money
@@mrjpz Except it's not a real breach of safety and as long as he doesn't buy the dam his money doesn't matter that much
signature of the great electricity thief.
For those interested, this type of turbine is called a Pelton Wheel, and is an example of an impulse-type turbine.
Further, the scoop discussed also serves the purpose of reversing the direction of the water flow to increase the change in momentum on the water, and thus increase the momentum imparted into the turbine.
Nicely explained... the more technical aspect of the turbine...
Mechanical Engineer spotted... 💚 Learned it in hydraulic machines..
Your explanation makes so much more sense than his, thankyou
i was wondering the whole time why pelton was never mentioned. plenty of guys make generators from old washing machines and 3D printed pelton wheels and power their houses.
Additional fact, the water leaving the bucket is at 165° to the input jet, this is the perfect angle to extract as much energy from the water without it colliding with the next bucket.
25 tonnes spinning at 500 rpm is a thrillingly terrifying amount of power
Look up the sayano shushenskaya accident, it truly is terrifying
Imagine what bearings they had to use, I bet they last for decades.
@@bahn5ee Pelton turbines neeed pretty frequent maintenance, if for erosion alone. The water coming down from those alpine reservoirs contains some grit. That cuts like a waterjet...
500 rpm is quite an odd number. Not sure why they run it at this (if they really does).
@@RubenKelevra In what way is it odd?
I’m sorry they’re WHAT
That is ridiculous levels of efficiency, this must be really well engineered and I have no idea why they let Hammond so close to it with a power tool
The turbine design has existed for a while, but yes it is an extremely efficient design.
But that is the efficiency of the water -> turbine transfer alone, the water travelling to the turbine and the generator generating electricity can’t be 100% efficient so overall the system isn’t 92% efficient, it’s still amazing tho how perfect the bucket design is
@@hazza2247 nor is the generator itself 100% efficient at converting rotary energy to electricity
@@xavierrodriguez2463 yeah lol I said that
@@xavierrodriguez2463 If you could produce a machine that's 100% efficient you'd be a trillionaire. Energy will always be lost as a result of heat and sound.
Discover Australia: *shows video of Austria*
most underrated comment
Yeah because sydney is a capital in the heart of Europe
Austria eh? Well then, Gooday mate! Let's put another shrimp on the barbie!
@Waxoff Waxon not to be that guy but border, not boarder
its like they are in on the joke XD
Not gonna lie, this content is absolutely best in class, taking notes
Nerd
@@tonyalston4838 im a nerd and proud of it
@@moikkis65 Fake.
@@ChargeNReact what is fake?
@@moikkis65 You're caught and coming up looking sad. Admit and we'll move on...
"This massive battery holds back 200 million tons of water."
"DAM!"
HaHAhahaha
Deserved like
Dam dam
Big like!
I thought he said 200 tons of water
I'm Austrian and went to a technical school.
We once went there and even walked through the dam itself! Pretty dam impressive.
HTL?
@@Gabriel-jg7er Ja, genau :)
Lastenstraße?
Ich besuche HTL Bulme in Graz, wir beschaeftigen uns mit Hydrodinamik. Ich hoffe eines Tages dieses Wasserkraftwerk zu besuchen
I see what you did there:)
We now need ‘Jeremy Clarksons small’
Yes
And a “James Mays fast”
@@lnx7242 more like “James Mays Slow”
@@bradyhoumand1264 that's the joke he is slow its opposite of there stereotypes
Shaquile Oneil Small
"I'm stealing their power, hahahaha!"
That laugh is nostalgic
He isn't stealing anything, there was a guy with a stop watch nearby so they could send him an accurate bill later on
@@mortontony1 Biggest plot twist 😂😂
@@mortontony1 this made my day lol
Well be used 2 units
And fresh power
So 2x10 =20 + 1000
=28000 $
Hey don't even try to correct me
Iam bad in maths
Known as "Parasitic Load"
7:36 Did Anyone notice just how that hanging balcony is Perfectly shaped like the Pelton Wheel ( the turbine ) design , engineers having fun I suppose ;)
Didn't think of that
And he was not about getting on it
we call them skywalks here in austria and well, we austrians are somewhat obsessed with skywalks. Like Every single mountain has atleast one of them in some weird shape.
@@foxt9151 well, you have the mountains, might as well commit.
Can we just appreciate for a minute, the astounding quality, perfect backing audio, and incredible narration? This show is amazing!
As for narration, i agree, the Hamster is always the Hamster... if you know what i mean...
It's interesting to think that regardless of how small it was, he really was taking away from the overall power output by just placing that motor there.
Is it *really* interesting, though? Is ~0.000000000000000000000000000000000000001% reduction _actually_ even remotely interesting to you? It's probably even less than that (I just put a random amount of 0s btw, didn't bother calculating) seeing as LEDs are ridiculously efficient and if something as slow as a bicycle wheel powered by a human can power it, then it's a truly insignificant amount of power that he's using compared to what is being generated.
@@moogle68 You are off by so many orders of magnitude it's ridiculous.
Let's say that the LED is drawing half a watt (tested with a random white led, seems about right), and assuming 50% efficiency of that dynamo, that makes for 1 watt of power sapped from the shaft.
That there is a Pelton turbine. There are four Pelton turbines at the Kölnbrein dam, with a combined capacity of 730MW, that makes ~183MW per turbine. That led is draining about 0.00000055% of that turbine's power, so you were off by 32 orders of magnitude.
Austria has a 50Hz grid. Grid frequency is very tightly controlled, if there is 1 too many a cycle in a day, the next day that will be compensated. Long term, that frequency is kept _exact_ . Afaik that's because some clocks rely on that frequency for time keeping. There are 4 320 000 of those cycles in 24 hours, so subtract 0.00000055%, you get 431999.976 cycles. That's 1 missing cycle every ~42 days. (I'm assuming that frequency drop scales linearily with power draw here)
Now that is a tiny amount wayyyyy dwarfed by so many other things, but I bet if you built a research facility with a generator like that, with very tightly controlled input and output, you could measure that.
And then, to drive home just how far off you were with that ridiculous guess:
A hydrogen atom is 0.529*10^-10 meters across. Multiply that by 100000000000000000000000000000000 and you get 559 165 light years. The milky way is about 100 000 ly across.
Or, take the (size of the observable universe) / 10^32, you get about 10 micrometers. That's a tenth of a human hair.
See, that _was_ quite interesting!
I like this series with Al Pacino, they should release more eps.
Or Robert Downey jr
Benny Blanco from the Bronx
Discount British Al Pacino with a less cool voice
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Say hello to my little turbine friend.
Somehow I can already hear Jezza screaming "Oi, who nicked my bike light? Haammoooonnndd!"
why would jezza own a bike light ? he hates those things.
May more likely
@@gavinkemp7920 he owns one actually
@@mangoshake to be honest i'd been surprised if he didn't. it was just for the joke.
When did Jeremy get a bicycle...? ;)
me with a triple monitor setup
dude in a dam with at least 10 monitors setup
Fax
You guys get monitors?
i counted at least 3 keyboards, looks like its just a perfect row of somewhere between triple and 5 (penta something) setups
with a 1028.5 MegaWatt power supply
I counted 12 monitors and 5 keyboards. I’m thinking 3 out of frame. That totals 3 monitors per machine by my count
Hamster doesn't get enough credit as being an excellent presenter and explainer.
4:31 machinists shaking their heads watching him leave rubber residue on their perfect clean machine
I'm no machinist but I'm sure my machinery instructors from back in grad school would shudder seeing this guy's freely flowing sleeves so close to essentially a mothership of a lathe lol
@@RexGalilae I hadn’t even considered that
@@RexGalilae it’s not a lathe
@@RexGalilae I think it's so powerful it'd essentially rip the sleeve right off his shirt lol
@@jju7469 if he's lucky, yes
The “splitter” in the buckets isn’t to let the water escape, the shape of the buckets is designed to cause the water to reverse direction when it hits the bucket and hence extract more kinetic energy. You have to split the flow in two to even up the side load.
yes, that's what they said. but people still get confused. thanks for the info
@@TheNamesArif they (hammond) didnt said that, he explained: without the splitter water would come in and some of it splashes out and hit the back of the next bucket
I would agree to the explanation that they are formed so that they harvest the monentum of flow, with changing direction and that the splitter is for symetrical weight distrubution
as with many engineering decisions, its probably both reasons.
@@gilgameschgottvaterdergott2644 “every ping pong ball flying away is another droplet of water not pushing the turbine wheel”
Non-technical language, but the concept was communicated to a broader audience.
Would also help reduce the wear due to cavitation I would imagine.
Richard put a line on the shaft with the generator
It would last about zero seconds if you're lucky 🤣
@@TheAmazingAdventuresOfMiles what do you mean
@@BenJamin-wu8jv when he powers the light with the spinning shaft it leaves a mark on shaft
@@BenJamin-wu8jv ooops! I meant to post that in response to the person suggesting leaving a GoPro in the turbine chamber to film the water hitting the cups :)
Now it's 91% efficient
3:36 anyone noticed the control rods moving?? That was cool
Didn't notice but thanks for the point out.
Tou can definitely hear the turbine change pitch.
Where on the screen do I look
@@amichiganboiwhosereallazy1544 bottom of the screen
I thought that was the camera moving slightly, but then I realised that the rest of the shot was completely stationary. Pretty interesting find. You have a keen eye.
@@amichiganboiwhosereallazy1544 It is particularly discernible when you look at the small rod in the bottom left of the screen. Its perspective makes it seem to move much faster and by a larger margin.
This is where science and engineering get freakish. The amount of energy and the forces at work are simply mind-blowing.
Came here for some engineering content - didn't pay attention to the content at all, just 8 minutes of wondering why the heck there is a video about hydropower in Austria in a Channel called 'Discovery Australia'.
Austrias post have a stamp saying "Missent to Austria" because so much mail ends up there, that should have gone to Australia.
Austria, Australia... same thing right?
@@redcoat4348 One's extended germany, the other's extended britain
With an English host hahaha
7:00 "As it moves and breaths" That dam better NOT be moving.
I would think they built the dam with specific tolerances to allow micro movements during temperature swings to prevent cracking the concrete
Yet it does... between empty and full the top of the dam moves about 12cm. Concrete and rock are flexible if the loads are big enough.
Also rebar is a major reinforcement which allows the concrete to make smaller cracks and still maintain tensile strength
Of course it does, like any other building.
Discovering Australia - I knew there was something wrong, when I looked outside my window in Austria and discovered that there are no kangaroos....
oh my gosh. the stairway at the end is a pelton wheel bucket!
that is such a clever design. nice.
Nice catch!
Richard “Hamster” Hammond is one of the coolest dudes, I hope we see him doing more documentaries and anything else he enjoys.
Should have put a GoPro in the turbine chamber so we can see the water and the turbine coming up to speed
All very well however once they are all closed up and put back into service they don’t come out again for atleast another 6 months. Normally more than 6 months before they open up the scroll case again. You’d be waiting for like a year or more to get your GoPro back again Ahaha. (I work in power stations in NZ)
@@Cailean750 will the said GoPro even survive inside that with all that water
@@movinperera Probably not however there could potentially be some areas of relitive shelter for it to have a fighting chance of surviving depending on the mounting system employed haha.
@@Cailean750 you reckon the case fills completely with water under operation? Bit like a jet in a hot tub
@@craiga6557 Well that Im a little unsure about, I would think it would just be the jet of water and have a rather empty scroll case but at the same time it would probably have a lot of water still splashing around inside there. Im unsure about these Pelton wheel turbines as I work on Francis and Boving turbines which have a full scroll case during operation.
It's worth also noting that the rotating mass of that shaft is an important part of the whole system too - its kinetic energy serves like a mechanical capacitor to buffer energy for sudden jumps in electrical load on the generator. If the system wasn't so heavy, it wouldn't be able to provide nearly as well to changing demand.
"its kinetic energy serves like a mechanical capacitor"
That's actually a pretty cool analogy for flywheels.
@@carneeki I have heard this analogy a couple of times now from youtube
@@carneeki * That's actually a flywheel ;)
@@DarkAttack14 yes. Thank you for repeating me.
Otherwise known as grid inertia
2:10
guy:"pretey much evenly distirbution".
My eyes:"no"
Tonight on Bottom Gear:
Hammond steals electricity from the Kölnbrein Dam with a dynamo turbine.
"I'm stealing their power hahaha!"
The T H I E F
Edit: I like how no one noticed my spelling error lol
He left a rubber mark on the shaft lol
Connects dynamo: 96% efficiency
@Waxoff Waxon lol
I still don’t notice
@@andrewdoesyt7787 cause I corrected it lol
"I'm stealing their power"
@Dalton Long It's only fair. Austria or as it was known during the Second World War "Germany" was very reliant on the British Lancaster Dambuster Squadron for cheap Demolition of Dams! These modern marvels of engineering could not be possible without the removal of old technology. Out with the old and in with the new!
5:15 The ultimate gaming setup.
I work in small scale hydro in the U.S. Northeast. Our turbines could never hope to be nearly this efficient, mostly 1900s Francis turbines with modern sensors and controls.
Leffle ?
I take it upgrading to modern turbines would be far too expensive? Kind of a bummer.
@@eatshitlarrypage.3319 apparently so for the most wealthy nation in the world
6:06 this shot was sick
5 mins in hes not even looking i would be scared of that thing
I like how the walkways on the platform jutting off from the dam, at the very end, are shaped like the buckets :)
i didnt connect the two. interesting observation. now im curiou to see if there is any truth to it.
Didn't expect to see Hammond here, nice surprise.
That’s William Dafoe.
I thought the stealing power bit was strange in an educational video but then I remembered that Australia was a penal colony. This is how they make the lesson relatable.
No clickbait, straight to the point, quality content!
One of these wheels is mounted as a monument in front of the engineering school at my university, its magnificent.
Me: "I would be scared to be in that shaft room"
Hammond: *Holds his hand an inch away from the shaft*
Could have lost an arm or even died. That is one scary fly wheel.
That they let him so close to the moving shaft and even touch it was hilarious.
He is the Hamster, they thought he might generate more power.
Two things, firstly he says, “ sharpening the splitter, I’ve never said that before!” Cracked me up. Then at the end, standing atop of the dam, there’s a viewing platform only for the brave! My sphincter closed up when I saw the drop, and I’m at home....not there!
I'd say that your closed sphincter is probably a greatly beneficial thing for those in close proximity to you.
3:50 How did he resist touching the shaft?
I noticed he didn't get on the clear bottom viewing platform, a bit scared?
He's only small
He did in the full documentary
The Stig would have done it.
After being winched up a dam in a rolling pile of British disappointment, I think he’s earned the right to avoid unnecessary heights.
@@richardschofield2201 dont worry, terminal velocity is determined by mass over an area.
Hamond would barely reach 1mph velocity, he will be fine.
I'm in awe of Richard Hammond. I didn't learn anything new in this video, I'm after all an engineer with a background in fluid dynamics and renewable energy systems. But the clearness and simplicity of his explanations are not matched by many.
I'm a civil engineer myself and I'm working with these "pelton-turbines" alot! But I have to say, he's really well informed about all the things those turbines have to offer!
Then I have a question for you: how is friction not a problem? How is it so DAM efficient? (serious question, even with the pun)
@@randomchannel307 It is a problem, that's why it's 92% efficient and not 100% efficient
I see, I thought the friction would be more of a problem.
Thanks!
Also, how do they keep friction so low?
@@randomchannel307 The main points of friction in the machine is the bearings holding the shaft in place. Essentially the rotating assembly in floating on a film of oil which has a very low coefficient of friction. The rotation of the machine uses the oil's viscosity to drag a very small amount of oil between the bearing pads, never allowing them to touch, hence no rubbing and thus smaller friction losses. Another point of friction is the water on the turbine. Like the oil, water also has viscosity which contributes to a kind of friction between the water and wheel. Notice that the buckets are polished smooth, this is to improve the flow characteristics, reducing friction and turbulence.
@@alexarends7839 the biggest efficient los comes from the magnetic field of the generator it selfe.
Its funny to think that at its simplest, its just a big wall holding water that shoots at spinny things with magnets.
I’m a simple man: I see Richard Hammond, I click.
clarkson started a farm, may went to japan, and hammond finds big things.
Richard is one of the best presentor for me on the planet.
92% efficiency is amazing
Yeah while solar panels only got a 10% efficiency, its odly satisfying.
@@junatah5903 they definitely have to improve on that this century.
@@Jan_372 apparently there is a break through on what is causing such a low efficiency rating.
Solar panels might be viable by 2025.
@@junatah5903 that would be hella epic.
@@junatah5903 solar power is already viable in a lot of places it's cheaper power when you consider incentives and home value appreciation
the rotating speed of the shaft looks incredible and terrifying at the same time
I'm the only one to think the Porsche 356 made that dam look even more majestic
“Pretty much evenly” take a look at that shot again
i mean, sure it didnt fill both halfs evenly but the main point was waste that never falls into the pouch-thingy itself
It’s pretty crazy how quiet those turbines are. They can produce 1028 giga watts a day running at full capacity.
It's genuinely creepy how quiet they are when you see them in person.
They need to be because any sound is a loss in efficiency
Just based on The LUFS used for tv nothings incredibly loud on purpose
@UltraMagaFan
I'm surprised you believe in electricity and science, seeing as you're an Ultra Maga Fan. Are you sure this video isn't fake news? Are you sure those 1028 gigawatts aren't rigged?
@@terri6854 POV: You’ve been brainwashed by CNN
I can't even imagine how they would machine a 25 tonne shaft like that.
very very big lathe
with your mom
Very carefully!
Allis Chalmers, in Milwaukee WI and 100' lathe and 100 ton capacity
If you wanna know look for videos of WFL Millturn CNC machines on UA-cam. Certainly not the only machine capable of doing so but one of those is used where i work at Voith to make our biggest shafts.
That little Dynamo marked up the shaft!
Before: 4:25
After: 4:41
Some intern’s going to be scrubbing for hours lol.
That shaft spinning was massive POWER
His laugh after “I’m stealing their power” 😂
the ping pong ball example was excellent
naaah it was a cheaters demo real water droplets much denser than ping pong plastics
Makes you wonder why the aeronautical engineers never thought of making aeroplane wings razor sharp! You would get 98% efficiency!
@@mgabrielle2343 I'm not sure it is that simple. They would obviously have done it if so.
I got to actually look inside such a turbine at those blades, down under the generator. I could hear water dripping down, and they explained that they couldn't keep it completely from leaking. Then, they opened the gates to power up the turbine. It was very impressive.
It's hard to put into words how amazing it all is to see in person, isn't it?
How could you survive that?
@@Rubensgardens.Skogsmuseum i think they were let out before they turned on the generator
Great idea to have him explain the inner workings of a generator in one of the loudest places they could find.
Remember, this is the country without the roos. But the one that brought you the Walzer "An der schönen blauen Donau" (by Johann Strauss) and the Sachertorte.
The design of the whole Kölnbrein Dam is as elegant as the Walzer, but it hits your gut like you ate a whole Sachertorte in one sitting.
And believe me, a quarter of the Sachertorte hit me pretty hard and had to capitulate right on the spot.
Love how they've built the sort of "cantilever" walk way with the glass floor for people. Similar (roughly) to the one in the Grand Canyon.
Pretty cool video. I had already heard about this design for turbines, but I didn’t know that it was this efficient. Keep up the amazing content!
I am surprised there isn’t more of a shroud around the turbine wheel
I'm sure the engineers have addressed that issue. Seems to me a shroud would capture too much water and not allow it to clear the buckets resulting in less efficience.
@@danburch9989 I'm sure some one figured out which is better. A shroud in my mind would get more energy out of the water and provide more torque. The inside of a hydraulic motor comes to mind.
...but I'm not an expert on hydrodynamics.
@@jonnda pretty sure they do have shrouds when in operation, they've opened up out of service turbines to show us inside.
im impressed with the switches at 6:00'ish
Hammond will never change: He talks about a dam. But have you seen this beautiful vintage Porsche he came with 7:08 ?
Crazy to think that this is solar powered
As are fossil fuels, and wind and if you really stretch the definition of solar and ignore the moon so is tidal.
Yes ultimately it is, considering the evaporative part of the water cycle
not all of it, they use excess nuclear energy at night to pump fill the lakes
Even nuclear is solar power, but from a past sun.
@@andrebartels1690 not if they used Plutonium in the reactor!!!
You should do a video qhere its Richard Hammond operating a model train system while super hammerd
7:08 I thought he will also review that beautiful 356
"This beautiful shape. People will just travel to look at it."
Yep fits well.
I like the fact that a channel named Discovery Australia shows a place in Austria.
I have worked at Verbund, the local energy company before. It was really nice to see you there!
...only a real Austrian knows the "Verbund" company.(War auch schon Mal dort, in Kaprun, sehr robuste Technik, Grüße aus NÖ)
Can't believe they allowed him to sit near the shaft🤣....amazing...
We need more dams in the world, hydro-power is probably one of the best options out there for constantly available electric.
Yeah, can't agree more
"I'm stealing their power", that got me so hard, lol. Real life demonstration of inductive current. Loved it.
Richard Hammond you are a great presenter .....skill level 100
Who's gonna clean that rubber stripe he put on the spinning load?
3:26 that’s probably the fastest I have ever seen 25 ton spinning!
It would be closer to 125 tons or more of rotating mass with the runner, shaft and generator. The power stations I work in weigh in at 214 tons.
Well, wait for 3:50 then, because they make it spin even faster. Few seconds before that you can see the rods moving, then the pitch changes and noise increases.
Your mom moves that quick when she drives past a Mcrib billboard
@@Puleczech AC generators tied to a grid don't really speed up unless a large amount of load suddenly is removed . The governor controlling the rotational speed of the gen will sense a slight speed error , rapidly bring the deflectors into the nozzle stream to take some water off the turbine and slow the rotating speed enough to correct the error .
he needs to clean the shaft now that he's scuffed it with that bike generator 😆
My favorite part is when he placed the bicycle light generator to the huge turbine shaft
sitting right next to that shaft must have been terrifying
The most important idea of this turbine has not been revealed: why it was necessary to split the water stream.
If you’re curious about it, a youtuber named Tom Stanton recently released a video using this same concept and he explains incredibly well how this sort of wheel works. I’d recommend you check it out!
It's a Physics thing, hard to explain
to distribute the load on the axis evenly - if you only put angular/tangential load on a shaft, the bearings have litte friction - if you don't spilt the stream, the wheel wants to tilt, which puts a differenct force on the "left" and "right" side of the wheel
This precession is inefficient and generates more wear
"Remember... if you are going to touch the Turbine at full RPM... make sure you have your hard hat on!" =]
Look at this little Hammond, he looks so tiny next to those machines. Love him.
This is by far the most elegant turbine and dam that I have ever seen. I would love to visit.
If Jezza designed it, it would be 1% efficient and 99% funny.
It went from 92% to 15% efficiency lol
Sir / Mam, that is not mentioned in the video, can you please say what you are talking about?
They must not have OSHA in Europe....I think touching a 25 ton rotating shaft might be a safety issue!
Fortunately, I doubt Europeans look for as many reasons as possible to sue companies.
That massive shaft powering the tiny bike light made my day. Okay, my week.
That is an enormous amount of energy he was sitting next to like it was nothing.
4:40 the rpm of his laugh his faster than the shaft
This form of water turbine is called a Pelton Wheel after its inventor. These operate at relatively high pressure. The water jets convert the pressure into velocity and the buckets on the wheel convert that velocity to zero. The force required spins the wheel and then is controlled by the Generator on the other end of the shaft. The room around the Pelton wheel is full of very turbulant water.
The big difference between Pelton wheels and other forms of turbine is the other wheels can be driven by motors and pump the water uphill. These are used in pumped storage developments. These are very efficient and very large electrical energy storage devices.
dude actually was given a chair beside the spinning turbine output shaft!! thats just out of this world
That bucket design is genius