Canadian Pacific: A Transportation Empire
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- Опубліковано 7 лис 2024
- Canadian Pacific began as a promise by the Canadian government to British Columbia to connect it to the rest of Canada via a transcontinental railroad. This railroad was ultimately built by the Canadian Pacific Railway, which quickly bloomed into a transportation network far beyond its original scope. At its height, it included thousands of miles of railroad, a massive fleet of ships on the Atlantic, Pacific, and smaller waterways, and a collection of premier chateau-style hotels across Canada. Eventually, it even included air service.
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Sources:
1. “Canadian Pacific: The Golden Age of Travel,” by Barry Lane. 2015.
2. “Empress of Britain: Canadian Pacific’s Greatest Ship,” by Gordon Turner. 1992.
3. “Lost Liners,” by Robert Ballard and Rick Archbold. 1997.
Thanks for all of your support this year. Merry Christmas and happy holidays to you and your families!
Merry Christmas!!
Merry Christmas
Thank you for your work
Happy holidays!
You Too!
Mate, I seriously want to thank you for talking about the Canadian Pacific, it's one of my favorite railway companies of all time. Though I never stayed in, I've been to at least 4 of CPR's former hotels. One of them being Banff Springs Hotel, Chateau Lake Louise, Chateau Frontenac, and The Royal York Hotel. Heck, I even had my Birthday Dinner at Royal York earlier this month, truly a fantastic treat.
The Canadian Pacific Railway has a 130 year old legacy and although they no longer do Passenger, hotel, and shipping services, their influence in Canadian History is Monumental to say the least.
I am a Canadian Pacific Employee Track Laborer Glenwood MN…
Glad to see more “transportation” themed stuff (all tho the ocean liner stuff is top notch)
I never realised how stunning the empress of britain was
Finally, a video about a railroad
barely talked about the railroad really.
Man I can't wait for the video about Empress of Britain!
As a Canadian. And a history (especially Canadian) lover. I think this has been my favorite of all your videos. Don't get me wrong. I love every video I've seen of yours. Just love when my countries history is brought to the world forefront. Amazing how CP did so much. Sacrificed so much...but has always caught the short end of the railroad stick to the "wet noodle" (CN).
THANKS AGAIN.
wish you did railroad stuff more.
Maybe a bluenose video?
I would like to do a Bluenose video at some point
I live Vancouver (Canada)
Best Canadian Pacific Liner...Empress of Britain!
I agree!
Agreed
I don't know why is she soo underrated but I agree.
Now I see what you mean! Empress of Britain (1931) was DEFINITELY their most beautiful ship. I also enjoy the Duchess of Atholl and the Empress of Canada (the later ship built in the 50s).
Merry christmas The Great Big Move
Merry Christmas 🎄
This video is actually genuinely underated and why is nobody actually genuinely talking about the exploited Chinese workers?!
Thank you great big move! I’ve been looking forward to a video on the Canadian pacific for months. Thank you🙏
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
A new book on CP coming out next month in England, I have been waiting for it. *The Great Big Move* has fulfilled my CP information need, don't have to rush for the book! Thanks for *the great big picture* on the integration of services and diversity of interests CP had, very interesting and well presented. Loved the Mk 1 Comet at the end, as least they didn't have a problem with that!
What's the book called? I already plan on getting it. :D
Man I swear every video you put out is so well made and interesting! One of the best transportation history channels out there! Please keep up the good work brother! Can’t wait to see what you teach us next!
I’d love to see more train content on this channel
I can't say exactly why but the Empress Of India has a look that just stands out as a work of art. Thanks for your knowledge and spot on narration. Thanks again to The Great Big Move.....
I know the ship just looks so elegant with its mix of industrialized ships but also older sailing vessels makes it look so cool.
Interesting for me. My great grandfather worked on the railway construction across Canada. He died young leaving 4 daughters. They returned to the UK and later 3 of them, then living in Liverpool, worked on the ships, 2 of them working for Canadian Pacific. Thank you so much for releasing this video. 😊
As a railfan, I do appreciate a fan of Ship go in to a little railway history.
This was good. Canadian Pacific is the epitome of what any person would want to grow their profession into. They really did become an empire and more than earned the title of the world's greatest transportation company. My respect and fondness for them has skyrocketed: not only are they my fellow Canadians (yeah I was born in Canada), but they combined trains with ships. A boy's dream. Sadly, it doesn't sound like they had much luck in the wars, and once the Depression, jets and cars came along, down they went. It's a shame, but at least they still live on to some extent. Looking forward to your EoB video to wrap this up. :D
One of the people who helped to work on the Canadian Pacific later went on to help construct the White Pass and Yukon Railroad in Skagway Alaska the man's name was Michael J Heaney.
The White Pass and Yukon actually has a rather interesting history of its own that would be interesting to cover.
The railroad was in operation from 1900 until 1982 when it closed for about five and a half years and then later reopened as its current Scenic operation in 1988.
By 1982 it was one of the last operating common carrier Narrow Gauge railroads in the United States that hauled both revenue Freight and revenue passengers.
Today the only remaining narrow gauge freight railroad is US Gypsum, a mining railroad that uses two diesels that were originally meant to be delivered to White Pass in the 80s but never made it due to the railroads closure
This is great! Grandfather was around to help CP with the last spike. Dad worked for CP. Was a stock holder for years. Now, I'm the stock holder. The history is so interesting to myself. Thanks for the up load. Very enjoyable 🤠.
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreigners who treat Canadian workers like garbage.
Another masterpiece. Thank you for teaching me about this!
Thank you very much for sharing such informative videos with us!! Keep it going please. Wish you the best.
0:30 Mark: opening scene is at Nanaimo, on Vancouver Island. Shack Island in middle, with present-day Neck Point park in the background, and present-day Pipers Lagoon park in the foreground. Thanks for choosing this scene.
Can’t wait!
Interesting to see a video on Canadian content. Both sets of great-grandparents on my mom's side came to Canada on their liners, in the 1920s & 30s.
Thank you for this well researched and very informative video.
You might want to do a video of the last Canadian Pacific luxury liner SS Keewatin. She was part of the Canadian Pacific Great Lakes Fleet and served on the upper Great Lakes for 60 seasons. She is currently moored permanently in Kingston Ont.
Yet again, both very informative and interesting. Thank you.
The CPR has a book Called Building the Canadian West:. There is a lot more involved in this project. I worked for the Dept of Immigration and Colonization at the CPR back in the 60s and 70s. Excellent production
Love to see a liner dock at Cairo :) Nice video.
A swell film to see 👀❤ . My mothers father was a conductor during the 1930's to late 1950;s for the C.P.R. . So Long !! - 6/15/23 🤠
Another great vid. Look forward to the next one 😁
Excellent video, thank you! I already knew quite a bit about CP you helped me learned some more
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
I recently started to be a fan of empress of Britain and you make this and are going to make a video on the empress of Britain is wonderful thx bro
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
@@cowboysfan6699 ok I take things back now but I still like the ship doe but the company ehhhhhhhhhhhhhh
@@mr.Nooblinton Unfortunately Canadians have been lied to for decades. The truth is that Canada is not a sovereign nation. Canada has been sold out to the highest foreign bidder. Canadians need to wake up.
I remember as a kid in the late 60’s going on board the RMS Empress of England in the port of Montréal, to see my grandmother off on her trip back to the UK to see her sister and brother. I remember the large white liner with its orange colored single funnel. I believe she must have been in either second or third class, her cabin was rather small as I recall.
Great video! Maybe in the future you can do the Grand Trunk Railroad
Thank you for this wonderful movie!
My wife's family were all involved in jobs with CP in the 40's through to the 80's. All on the freight side. But you always knew with CP of their great history and they were and are a pretty well run operation still and one of the 6 great continental railway lines in North America.
I used to love CP Air however and their Orange Jets. My first flight was on a DC8 stretch from Toronto to Vancouver in 1977. CP Air was the scrappy underdog in aviation to Air Canada
Great video !
Amazing video. Well done.
Thank you very much!
@@TheGreatBigMove CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
Really enjoyed this one. It is always been a bucket list item for me is to ride on a trans-Canadian railway trip.
Perhaps you can cover the RMS Queen Elizabeth was always my favorite as I visited it when I was a kid in Ft. Lauderdale.
i so like this video and love ships as a whole. I like to know more about the RMS Empress of Japan (1890) as I think she looks lovely. Also just to ask are you planning to make a P&O video?
I’m sorry you didn’t mention the CPR’s last gasp to rejuvenate long-haul passenger service in the nineteen-fifties with the introduction of The Canadian service between Vancouver and the major Eastern cities of Montréal and Toronto. This involved the largest order of passenger cars from the Budd company of Philadelphia that the manufacturer had ever received. Your video has a brief clip showing some of the cars at 17:22. The stainless steel cars with their observation domes were a handsome sight zooming across the prairies. Today, some of those cars are still in use by VIA Rail (Canada’s answer to Amtrak).
Nice video. However, you failed to mention Canadian Pacific’s Great Lakes fleet, the B. C. Lakes and River Service, and the Pacific Costal Service. These were all major parts of the Canadian Pacific.
There are three magnificent CP ships that have survived. The SS Mojier and SS Sicamos two paddle wheelers in British Columbia and the SS Keewatin currently in Kingston Ontario. Keewatin is the last Edwardian luxury liner in the world today. She spent 60 years operating for the Canadian Pacific on the Great Lakes. Each of these ships are well worth a video in their own right.
One point of trivia regarding the Canadian Pacific house flag: The red and white checkerboard pattern came from the early maps of the land allotments in the prairies on either side of the railway line when it was built.
Empress of Ireland is one of my favourite ships
You mention CP's "part in the formation of Air Canada". Air Canada, originally called Trans Canada Airlines, was a direct offshoot of government-owned Canadian National Railways, going back to 1936. Canadian Pacific wanted a role in air travel and bought small bush lines in the early 40s. Canadian Pacific Airlines was relegated to a minor role because government-owned TCA retained the prestigious transatlantic routes. Eventually CP Air gained routes over the Pacific and was in conflict with Air Canada for most of its existence. The craze for deregulation in the 80s privatized Air Canada and on the CP Air side, brought various changes of name, e.g. Canadian Airlines, and mergers with such entities as Wardair.
Well done!
I love the looks of RMS Empress of India and her sisters.
My Dad worked for Canadian Pacific (corporate) for 36 years and we were a "CP family". Back in the 1960s, it was the largest Canadian corporation, the biggest railroad in the world and longest transportation network on the globe, as well. It has shrunk down to a shadow of its former self ... assets shed along the way to pay dividends. They burned the furniture.
May want to consider CP's role in forming "Modern Cruises" with the Princess Patricia leading to "Princess Cruises," and the last Empresses and "Carnival Cruise Lines". Otherwise, a pretty solid video. Good show.
I would really love to see a video on the New York central, think it would be a super interesting topic
Missed one Hotel on the West coast in Victoria BC " The Empress", now The Fairmont Empress .
The loss of the Empress of Ireland in 1914 was a hard blow to CP. The sheer loss of life was a hard pill to swallow for many, but they learned their lesson and persevered.
3:34 people taking the train to Assiniboia
R.I.P. Canadian Pacific Railway. I wrote this 10 months after in merged with KCS to become CPKC. Let’s see if if CPKC can live up to such a legacy
Wonderful Doc, ty : D
As a border resident most of my life, I'm very familiar with CP, CN & Grand Trunk lines. All great RR & who played important factors in North American,mostly Canadian, development!! Great RR history.
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
The Empress of Britain must be one of the most beautiful AND well proportioned liners ever built.
A 19th century relative of my wife, Charles Aeneas Shaw, was surveyor on the Rocky Mountain section of the route. There was a book published about his life circa 1970.
Could you do a video on the last 10 ocean liners that sailed
The CP coast fleet on the coast of BC had some beautiful ships.
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
Great video. However, I wish you hand mentioned the last of Canadian Pacific's liners Empress of Britain (1955), Empress of England (1956) and Empress of Canada (1961). The Empress of Canada closed out CP's transatlantic service in November 1971.
And two of those ships became the Festivale and Carnivale of the new Carnival Cruise Lines in the 1970s.
My father and grandfather were both captains of CPS ships. Grandfather became marine superintendent in Vancouver. Father was offered the same in London but turned it down as he was in love with the sea. “Paperwork is an invention of the devil” was his comment.
My bud used to come in on a train on that very track.
Bc grows the good good.
Excellent video, very informative. Would you consider doing a video in the future covering the Grand Trunk Railway System? It too built a number of large hotels, and ultimately formed the lion's share of Canadian National Railways.
Well done! I have friends who work on the CP.
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
Keep in mind that in Canada rail companies are generally referred to as railways not railroads. This pertains in particular to Canadian Pacific.
For anyone wondering why Canadian ships made a mint cruising from New York to the Med a market you would think ought to be dominated by US ships, well the answer is booze sales. US flagged ships couldn’t sell booze so we’re essentially cut out of the long distance shipping markets in the 1920’s.
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
how did they have a part in making Air Canada?
Great video but you did miss some things like the land give to CP of much of Vancouver south of 12 ave and west of Ontario St. If you want to see real Mansions just drive around the area and you will say, "holey crap". Also CP Air was big in the 50s, 60s and 70s. As well they had ties with Cominco mines. For train people if you want to see a good train yard look at CP Golden Yard in Golden BC. You can see all of it from the highway.
Would love to see one on the SP
Didn’t James Ross drill the last spike?
Can you do a history video on fallen flag railroads in the Western US?
Baller
Why thank you for talking about cp
As a Canadian whose been through bc
You need to drive through it
nice
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
@@cowboysfan6699 ok thank you!
@@drownplayz You are very welcome. Read up on the late Hunter Harrison and what he did to workers. The rail tycoons are criminals and foreigners. Canada is not a sovereign nation.
@@cowboysfan6699 Ok!
It genuinely makes me feel weird that I work at Royal Mail knowing that they used these liners
What about the Princess of Acadia or Princess of Vancouver?
What would Van Horne make of CP's acquisition of KCS?
“For those in know Canadian Pacific is not among but is the very best” in Woodbury MN…….
Needs a part 2 for after WW2.
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
For Canada and the US, the combination of railroads and vast swathes of government owned land must have been the biggest money-makers of all time. I wonder if anything has ever rivalled it.
How do you make your intro
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
@@cowboysfan6699 wat
@@shipstuff1519 If you don't believe me you can research what I said for yourself. Unfortunately Canada is not a sovereign country anymore. Canada's major industries have been sold out to the highest foreign bidder. Canadians need to wake up. Canada is under attack.
At 4:45 do I hear correctly that the Empress ships have a speed of sixty knots!!?
Sixteen knots
I live very near chateau Frontenac
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
👏🏻
o ca na daaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
Now over a year after this video cp bought Kansas City Southern and became a true trans Continental railway servicing all of North America lol
I wonder why Canadian pacific railway didn’t make another empress of Ireland
06:34 what???? the profits were reinvested in the company and
not disbursed to shareholders and executives???
absolute madness!!
how ever did the company survive?
oh, I forgot share buybacks
mind you they did receive a substantial government subsidy, so...
and did manage to bring about one of the largest early financial scandals
in Canadian history
By this time we should have a train service like other countries. So sad no more ocean liners.
"One stop shop"... You mean a monopoly? 😉
They even owned a bus.
Living in midwest if I had a nickle for every CP rail car passing me while stopped at a set of railroad lights...I'd be quite wealthy.
At one time CP was also the largest trucker in Canada.
CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
are u canadian? rarely ever see canadian content let alone about its history on youtube
No, I’m from the US
@@TheGreatBigMove thanks for covering something great for the people up north!
@@randomrazr CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.
@@cowboysfan6699 darn. so CP rail is no longer canadian owned eh. what about CN rail? or grand trunk rail
@@randomrazr Bill Gates is a top shareholder of CN Rail. Unfortunately Canada and it's citizens have been lied to for decades. People need to wake up. Canada is not a sovereign nation. Canada is a giant work camp for the elites. I wish Canadians had a more loyal government but the truth is that Canada has been sold out to the highest bidder.
Sad none of the 50s ships were here ):
Do Britannic next
I'm doing Britannic in February
@@TheGreatBigMove CP Rail is owned and operated by foreign activist investors from Wall Street. The current CEO of CP Rail, Keith Creel, is from Alabama. Keith Creel is a white collar criminal who has gotten many Canadian workers sick, injured and killed on the job due to his reckless push for productivity. CP Rail pressured the government and the TSB to cover up a criminal investigation by the RCMP related to a Field Hill derailment that got 3 hard working men killed. Read some reviews from workers online about the working conditions if you want to know the truth about CP Rail. It's funny and sad that Canadians think CP Rail is Canadian just because of its name. Canada is not a sovereign country.