Conductors, insulators, and semiconductors | Class 12 (India) | Physics | Khan Academy

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  • Опубліковано 23 сер 2024
  • In this video, we will use the band theory to figure out what makes certain things behave like conductors, insulators, and semiconductors.
    Learn the next topic here --www.khanacadem...
    Class 12 Semiconductors: We cannot imagine our life without computers today. But what makes a computer tick? What's making this technology grow at such an exponential rate? It's all due to semiconductors. As unbelievable as that might sound, altering the properties of semiconductors allows us to build these computers. In this topic, we will explore the world of semiconductors. It's a journey from what semiconductors are all the way to creating building blocks of these computers.
    Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, grammar, preschool learning, and more. We provide teachers with tools and data so they can help their students develop the skills, habits, and mindsets for success in school and beyond. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 15 million people around the globe learn on Khan Academy every month. As a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, we would love your help!
    Created by Mahesh Shenoy

КОМЕНТАРІ • 89

  • @osamazahid715
    @osamazahid715 6 років тому +57

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      @ukashk1071 2 роки тому

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    • @AFCOE
      @AFCOE 7 місяців тому

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  • @mathsteacher2254
    @mathsteacher2254 Рік тому +9

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  • @anchalhole7028
    @anchalhole7028 3 роки тому +17

    These videos have made learning so much fun!!!... A great way of teaching...Can we have more videos for the 12th standard courses? it'll be really appreciable.

  • @kolibri5861
    @kolibri5861 4 роки тому +14

    like you saved my life my professor don't explain anything at all like we know all this before when i was born

  • @Vedicaa
    @Vedicaa 2 роки тому +6

    Thank you sir. The eloquence of your speech, the animation, your enthusiasm and overall your method of teaching is amazing. Thank you for helping us!

  • @creativegaming6747
    @creativegaming6747 4 місяці тому +2

    00:01 Understanding electrical properties through energy band structure
    01:02 Conductors have overlapping energy bands, creating a single giant energy band.
    02:03 Conductors have free-moving electrons due to energy continuum
    03:01 Band gap determines insulator behavior
    04:06 Insulators have forbidden energy levels that make it difficult for electrons to get excited.
    05:09 Semiconductors have an extremely tiny band gap, leading to higher electron excitation at room temperature.
    06:10 Semiconductors have a small band gap, allowing some electrons to become free.
    07:08 Conduction bands and valency bands explained

  • @kaushalfrancisj
    @kaushalfrancisj 4 роки тому +8

    Thank you Khan Academy ❤️❤️😊
    For teaching in English 👏👏😁

  • @LT.Hemantchahar
    @LT.Hemantchahar Рік тому +5

    Guys I am student of pw but from this platform i understand a lot in simple ways. ❤️❤️

  • @LightYagami-lf7go
    @LightYagami-lf7go 2 роки тому +2

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  • @elvisbwalya6057
    @elvisbwalya6057 9 місяців тому +1

    Which software do u use to make videos otherwise it's lit and awesome 🎉

  • @varunkharayat4251
    @varunkharayat4251 5 років тому +7

    Great teaching skills

  • @anshik.k.t
    @anshik.k.t 2 роки тому +3

    how can conduction band and the valence bands overlap? doesn't it violate pauli's principle ... and how does this conduction band helps electron to hop around from from one atom to atom?

  • @Hermioneswand1
    @Hermioneswand1 5 років тому +9

    This is amazing! Very easy to understand :)

  • @sridharchitta7321
    @sridharchitta7321 2 роки тому +1

    Electrostatics and circuits belong to one science not two. For a unified approach to learning Current and the process of conduction watch these two videos i. ua-cam.com/video/REsWdd76qxc/v-deo.html and
    ii. ua-cam.com/video/8BQM_xw2Rfo/v-deo.html
    Also, in the textbooks referred in the last frame of video i you will find descriptions of the operation of resistors, capacitors and inductors using this approach which makes it easier to understand.
    There are also chapters in the textbook references which explain the operation of diodes and transistors using the unified approach.

  • @riturajborah382
    @riturajborah382 4 роки тому +3

    Is it necessary to state 0 Kelvin while defining the valence band? It is confusing because valence band has it's definite energy, The temperature is the indicative of the energy of the electrons. At 298 K (room temperature), the energy of the valence band will not change, but the electrons will attain energy to jump to the conduction band.

    • @Extraordinary10s
      @Extraordinary10s 4 роки тому +4

      Rituraj Borah What I *think* could be an answer to your question is that when temperature isn’t 0 Kelvin then some of the electrons in the valance band acquires thermal energy (equivalent to kT where k is the Boltzmann constant and T in temperature in kelvin) and leaves the valance band in order to go to conduction band. Now as the valance band isn’t fully filled (an electron just went to conduction band), it technically shouldn’t be called as a valance band as valance band is defined to be the highest energy band that’s *filled*.
      When defining valance band, we shouldn’t let electrons acquire any energy from external sources and this is possible at 0 K.

    • @vega21985
      @vega21985 2 роки тому

      @@Extraordinary10s I think you are right!

  • @fatimazahid1402
    @fatimazahid1402 3 роки тому +1

    LOVE THIS,BRIEF AND COMPREHENSIVE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  • @virtualgirl1162
    @virtualgirl1162 4 роки тому +5

    Excellent teaching skills

  • @shivensaini3643
    @shivensaini3643 2 роки тому +3

    I also used to get confused why band theory of semiconductors is only valid for solids not for Gases.

  • @MrShanks008
    @MrShanks008 6 місяців тому

    wow, wish we had teachers like this in school.

  • @_srashtigupta_
    @_srashtigupta_ 2 роки тому +1

    Sir, could u tell which shells come in the conduction band?.... I'm thinking as a series of valence shells form the valence band (3s shells of Na solid) then a series of higher unfilled shells form the conduction band (like 3p, 4s shells in Na solid)...plz do crt if I'm wrong.

  • @niushataji
    @niushataji 3 місяці тому +1

    Why is the highest energy band (yellow line) at the same height/amount for all materials?

  • @sayanimajumder9181
    @sayanimajumder9181 2 роки тому

    Best video for this topic till now and as well as the video for the band theory is the best explanation till now for me

  • @radalaksmianandhkumar8179
    @radalaksmianandhkumar8179 3 роки тому +1

    Hmmm...amazzzzzzzzzing explanation!!!!!

  • @AlEX95RbT
    @AlEX95RbT 5 років тому +3

    Absolutely great, thank you.

  • @anish_3.141
    @anish_3.141 2 роки тому

    Thank you so much for this . Wonderful teaching . I had a doubt though about why the semiconductors have fully filled valence band?

  • @craftmela3090
    @craftmela3090 4 роки тому +1

    Sir can u tell how to get all your videos of PCM

  • @zizou357
    @zizou357 5 років тому +2

    these energy bands you are talking about. Can you describe them as "electron shells" ? ---> Directly translated from swedish ;) ... My teachers in chemistry have always talked about these shells where you have a fixed amount of electrons in each and every one of them. And I believe the numbers of electrons are 2-8-8-2 from the inner shell to the outer one.
    Just a side note. If I´m correct, then a typical insulator would have completely filled electron shells i.e "locked electrons".

    • @KhanAcademyIndiaEnglish
      @KhanAcademyIndiaEnglish  5 років тому +9

      No.
      What you are referring to are discrete energy levels of a single atom system. (These are the shells).
      However when multiple atoms come close to each other, these discrete energy levels convert to energy bands. The video is try to explain what these bands are.
      So they cannot be thought of as energy shells. (That is only applicable for isolated atoms)

    • @RSKEDITS
      @RSKEDITS 4 роки тому

      I got the same doubt as my book have no reference like this is these same thing you studied in molecular orbital theory im chemistry.
      If u Still cant understand : ua-cam.com/video/3npADYVtQOM/v-deo.html

    • @nidhipatil9537
      @nidhipatil9537 10 місяців тому +1

      Is playlist enough for jee

  • @Thanos-hp1mw
    @Thanos-hp1mw 2 роки тому

    Amazing. Thank you sir.

  • @thambirajahjegatheesan2425
    @thambirajahjegatheesan2425 3 роки тому

    Nice teaching..... thanks a lot

  • @srikutty7150
    @srikutty7150 2 роки тому

    Good content.. Appreciable.

  • @MohymenulIslam
    @MohymenulIslam 4 роки тому

    Great way to teach, Loved it!!

  • @ytrew9717
    @ytrew9717 4 роки тому +1

    ok but but where is the forbidden gap at 2:28? I'm lost: following your logic, I don't see why at 3:50 the electrons could not move freely ("as student in a classroom") until the blue line. What did I missed?

    • @ytrew9717
      @ytrew9717 4 роки тому +1

      Ok I got (only a part of) it, I missed 1:20 : the first and second energy bands are overlapping.
      Feedback: I would not have removed them from you animation, it's harder to understand without it.
      But even with it, the drawing would have remain confusing since there is no difference between the way you draw the conductor and the insulator: the next blue line/energy band is missing on the insulator drawing right?
      Edit I finally got it: *the yellow bar show the first band, the blue one the second*. There is a huge gap btw them on insulator, so they can't jump (I watched it too quickly, sorry).

    • @KhanAcademyIndiaEnglish
      @KhanAcademyIndiaEnglish  4 роки тому +2

      @@ytrew9717 Thanks for the feedback, I am guessing you resolved your own doubt. Feel free to reply if you have more specific question :)

  • @runzit2007
    @runzit2007 5 років тому +1

    Awesome

  • @38RiteekaSehrawat
    @38RiteekaSehrawat 2 роки тому

    Very very usefull

  • @craftmela3090
    @craftmela3090 4 роки тому +1

    U r 👍✌👌👌👏

  • @muhammadsalmanmajid8828
    @muhammadsalmanmajid8828 2 роки тому

    Great explanation

  • @RSKEDITS
    @RSKEDITS 4 роки тому +2

    Quality content!

  • @rawda5854
    @rawda5854 3 роки тому

    Fantastic 🤩🤩💥

  • @fehmi35
    @fehmi35 4 роки тому

    What happens If valance shell of insulators and semiconductors is not completely filled with electrons ?

  • @devdharsshan
    @devdharsshan 6 місяців тому +1

    3:39 it's 6 eV

  • @twotwo66
    @twotwo66 5 років тому +3

    Thank you!!!!

  • @saharanpurlive4625
    @saharanpurlive4625 4 роки тому

    Sir ,In insulators there is a huge forbidden band however, charges get induced in it ,why???

  • @DDD-we1em
    @DDD-we1em 4 місяці тому

    I love you!!!!!

  • @srisatya1311
    @srisatya1311 4 роки тому +1

    What is Fermi level

  • @sanuratennakoon7979
    @sanuratennakoon7979 11 місяців тому

    Thanks

  • @sairamsaikumar1152
    @sairamsaikumar1152 4 роки тому

    What is the cnduction band called as at 0K? Does it exist at all?

  • @chs_dhanu
    @chs_dhanu 4 роки тому

    The way you teach inspires me

  • @DDDelgado
    @DDDelgado 4 роки тому

    You got my sub, great explanations, simple and easy to follow

  • @themarvellous
    @themarvellous 8 місяців тому

    Why electron need to have different energy level??? I never understand the language of google, book and teacher, I can only understand your explanation

  • @deveshsuthar6177
    @deveshsuthar6177 3 роки тому

    Sir, diamond and graphite are compressed form of carbon
    Then why they show different nature
    One is insulator and one is condutor

    • @rakshatpratapsingh6404
      @rakshatpratapsingh6404 3 роки тому +1

      because gravity has a tetrahedral geometry with one unpair electron .... which forms layers called Graphene (having a sheet of unpaired electrons above them ... making them conductors of electricity when potential is applied along the plane) such layers of graphene stack to form graphite and are the reason for its conductive nature
      whereas diamond is made of a network of carbon atoms and has no free electron, making it an insulator

  • @shilpimitra5342
    @shilpimitra5342 6 років тому +1

    First to like

  • @vigneshvicky6720
    @vigneshvicky6720 3 роки тому

    Bro where conduction band comes frm

  • @shauryaverma2705
    @shauryaverma2705 Рік тому

    ❤️

  • @ananyasingh3433
    @ananyasingh3433 Рік тому

    Why is the valence band completely filled in insulators and semiconductors?

  • @aymfrankieLFC
    @aymfrankieLFC 3 роки тому

    thanks❤😭

  • @jenifersharon5708
    @jenifersharon5708 5 років тому +2

    are these videos helpful for neet???????

  • @13julietririssukmahadi68
    @13julietririssukmahadi68 2 роки тому

    Why insulator have a gap and conductor is not? It is because the energy level that use is 2 8 8?

  • @phenomenalphysics3548
    @phenomenalphysics3548 4 роки тому

    1:38 you mean hybridization?

  • @chiranjibimahapatra708
    @chiranjibimahapatra708 3 роки тому

    681

  • @srisatya1311
    @srisatya1311 4 роки тому

    We can't see an atom, but how do we know all these how can we see them in practical

    • @phenomenalphysics3548
      @phenomenalphysics3548 4 роки тому +2

      its all mathematics and prediction of quantum mechanics plus the experimental results

    • @vishank7
      @vishank7 3 роки тому

      There's a 3 ep series called "The Mystery of Matter". It explains how these fundamental things were discovered very beautifully! You can find it on UA-cam as well😄

  • @miii.ah_
    @miii.ah_ 4 місяці тому

    fun

  • @JohnDoe-hl2qm
    @JohnDoe-hl2qm 5 місяців тому

    OK

  • @intheshell35ify
    @intheshell35ify 2 роки тому

    Word?!?

  • @iffatzahra3624
    @iffatzahra3624 3 роки тому +2

    No deep explanation

    • @oldbot64
      @oldbot64 8 місяців тому

      Use text book

  • @chandrashekharsingh4821
    @chandrashekharsingh4821 2 роки тому

    Honestly Speaking everything is fine except the voice for me .

  • @sayansecular8604
    @sayansecular8604 3 роки тому

    I can't believe this is in class 12

  • @_4kcm
    @_4kcm Рік тому

    OK😂

  • @user-ge5gm9fr2m
    @user-ge5gm9fr2m 7 місяців тому

    He wrote bank😂

  • @seyedolshohada
    @seyedolshohada 3 роки тому

    why this guy desperately tries to imitate Sal Khan . It doesn't work with such an accent

  • @AmandeepSingh-bj9dm
    @AmandeepSingh-bj9dm 2 роки тому

    how can someone sound so annoying