Band theory (semiconductors) explained
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- Опубліковано 23 сер 2024
- An explanation of band theory, discussing the difference between conductors, semiconductors and insulators, including a useful analogy.
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probably one of the most clear and well explained video I've seen through my physics degree
right
Phenomenal explanation. This is how physics should be taught. Really awesome!
Thankyou for the compliment.
Beautiful! As a doctoral level scientist I compliment you on your very clear model. I wish when in School,and undergraduate someone would have taught me that way! It was mostly throwing concepts in very poorly planned lectures & the students were very frequently told " you'll eventually will figure it out"
@5:55 cracks open a soda can
really enjoyed this video. especially that marble analogy at the end. great video!
+Justin Huang haha - a slight microphone distortion, but yes, sounds like a soda can!
Justin Ha ha
cracking a cold one with the boys
lmao u made my day!
Justin Hunag hahahah you never let anything slide pass you
This is very useful for NSW HSC students in particular.
The similation in the second half of the video is particularly good, and helps clarifiy some of the abstract concepts associated with band theory.
Bravo!
In my last semester of college studying mechanical engineering and this still helped tremendously, thanks!
The best explanation for the band theory I've ever seen. The metal sheet analogy is a very well thought way to explain the theory. Thank you
Thanks for the positive feedback.
Wow you really have a gift to teach physics, I have been struggling so much with this Band Theory and this video helped me so much!!! Muchas gracias!!
I am from India and I like his video . You are right. Actually i study in 12th class ,ya there is some hard English word but I understood all.
Wow this helps so much. Reading the textbook made it so much more confusing. Im more of a visual learner, so that helped a lot.
Sir I don,t really comment on videos based on some teaching topics but your work is too amazing that it's worth appreciation. Thank you.
Thankyou. That’s a nice compliment.
Fucking wow moment I just had. I am a junior in college and I was reluctant to click on the video because it said HS but this has helped me so much
What a great way to illustrate band theory. Thank you so much!
Great explanation ! watching it the night before my chemistry final exam and its given me a much better understanding! Thank you !
Think you so much sir!! I’m taking my A-levels now and we’re currently doing Quantum Physics so this video helped me a lot!!! I understand Band Theory better now so thank you very very much!!
Me too! I'm currently doing this chapter. It's very interesting.
*Such simple, intuitive and creative explanation ! Thank you very much...!!!*
Most elegant explanation, using the marbles ! Thank you sir.
The best explication that I ever had about the topic! Congrats! Great👏🏼👏🏼
Maybe the best educational YT video I've seen. Also, a great voice you have.
Even my coaching centre do not explain so clearly. Thank you so much. 🙏
One of the best explanation , I hope people will find this explanation
Great video ! definitely helps to understand the band theory better!
Sir, awesome example..... Very new and innovative
Thank you so much....such a great explanation.
Really I want this teacher in my university ☺☺☺☺😊😊
Thank you very much you don’t realize how much you just helped me right now
I wish I was in your class, but thanks God for UA-cam!
fabulous job brother.... u made it soo easy for anyone to understand.
Thanks, please share ;-)
this video cleared all the cocepts related to band theory..thanks sir
great general explenation. I'm going over Bloch's theorem now and find this very useful to develop a more visual concept!
This is the best video on band theory.
👍❤️❤️ indian utuber's should learn from ur videos, how to teach❤️❤️❤️
I have been searching for this kinda explanation. Amazing job
I might be moving myself into 'band 6' after watching this video! 😉
The only video which made me understand this concept
You explained this so beautifully. Thank you so much.
good job
you could use the same metal sheet to simulate n and p type semi conductors
+Craig Russell I agree, excellent idea
simply incredible, thank you!
Sir, this was an amazing explanation thank you so much
Thanks for the video! I'm a little confused at 2:40, the writing points to the band with a single electron and shows "valence band = outermost (highest) band filled with electrons (filled = all states occupied)", but in this case what is "state"? Are all states occupied in this band if there is only a single electron? I would assume "all states occupied" meant all electron holes occupied in that band with no electrons in any further outer bands but maybe I'm misunderstanding "state". Thanks!
Yes, all electron holes occupied, in this element there is only one electron in the outermost shell. In other elements there could be more electrons in that shell and in turn have more states possible to be occupied. Hope this helps!
SOMEONE please answer this guy's question, it is driving me crazy
The Valence Band is the shell that contains the outermost electron in an atom in the base energy state.
The Conduction Band is the shell an excited electron can move UP into while still remaining associated to its atom.
An electron that absorbs enough energy to be ejected from the atom leaves the atom in an ionic state.
Once a valence electron moves into the conduction band, a voltage can replace an electron in the Conduction Band with an electron from a neighboring atom. This constant movement of electrons is an electrical current.
If the Valence Band and Conduction Band overlap, a Valence Electron requires little voltage to move electrons from one atom to the next. Most diagrams show the Valence and Conduction Bands overlapping within the same atom in a metal, but a better understanding is that the Conduction Bands of neighboring atoms overlap. It’s more like a group of neighboring metallic atoms share the SAME Conduction Band which is what makes them good electrical conductors.
Think of a section of sidewalk. If they are right next to each other, you can still see that they are sections, but for all intents and purposes, they all make ONE sidewalk. This allows you to walk (low energy) from one to the next. These are conductors.
However, if you remove every other section, you know have to jump (higher energy) from one to the next. These are insulators.
If you remove every other sidewalk section, but you install a curb along side the sidewalk, you can step on one sidewalk section with one foot, and on the curb with the other foot and the next sidewalk section with your first foot. This is a semiconductor (sidewalk sections) with a dopant (curb). Without a dopant, the semiconductor is an insulator. With the dopant, the semiconductor is a conductor.
I'm not normally a big fan of analogies bit this one actually helped. Thanks :-)
Amazing explanation sir , thank you so much🙏🏻 . Need a teacher like for all subjects 😊🤩
You explain it better than my lecturer did
Seen once. Shall be seen again. Great vid.
Wow great explanation
Thank you from Saudi Arabia 🇸🇦
High school physics?!?! Wow! I only learned about this in my senior undergrad year in quantum chem!
helped me understand this band theory very clearly. Thank you!
Supab explnation sir I clear my all doubt
Awesome Explanation! You're the best!
thanks!
great tutorial, clear and well-explained!
The marble analogy was brilliant!
This was a phenomenal and unrealistically good explanation Bravo sir!!
Excellent explanation
Great video! The marble analogy was a nice touch.
great explanation. grateful for this video!
Nice... Thanks a lot
thank you so much sir.........it helped a lot!! excellent explanation
This is the clearest explanation I've ever seen, thank you!
Thank you ,,, it helped me a lot......👍👍👍
Best explanation of EBT
Very helpful video 👍👍
Great work! The analogy is really helpful. 😄
OMG u saved my life!
thanks so so much
Thank you!
very well explained... interesting and gee the electron does move, this is nothing to fly a kite about and get all keyed-up over...:/ thanks a lot..:)
Why sodium's outashell is valence and conduction band at the same time and chlorine has additionel shell which is labeled as conduction band?
Because sodium's outashell electron has potentian energy (they don't need to go to next shell) and cholorine's electrons tigtly bounded to nucleus but can go up to next shell?
Really great analogy... and great video.
Great explanation. Thumbs up
Perfect explanation!
Nicely explained. Thanks. this video help us in our course of solar cells.
Thank You Sir.
You’re welcome
HELPFUL
Thank you sir you cleared my confusion about valence and conduction band
Thank you sir! It was very helpful!
Glad it helped ;-)
How is this HS physics? Im taking my undergaduate upper division experimental lab course and Im "learning" about this stuff.
Nonetheless, amazing video. Was confused what what bands have to do with conductors/insulators, but I see now. Conductors have overlapping valance and conduction bands, so free electrons in the valance shell can move. "Inchulators" have a huge gap energy so those electrons will never conduct since theyre tightly bound to the atom. No electron motion.
Awesome explanation. Liked your video and effort!
Man thank you for this explanation 🙏
GJ, thanks for your great explanation.
Very beautiful explanation
Now it’s very clear, thanks
Glad it helped.
If the conduction band is the "next highest band to [the] valence band," how are they the SAME damn band?!
remember, bands are actually discrete energy levels, so in terms of conductors the electrons do not need an increase of energy to become conductive - hence the overlapping of bands in that case
They are not, they just overlap each other
you explained it very nicely wish you were my physics teacher
Thankyou 😀
You didn't explain what actually a band is... I was actually looking for that
Great video! super clear and useful!
Thanks.
Great explanation!
Sir, this is such an amazing video. Really helped the whole idea of understanding semiconductors. Hats off!
Nice explanation sir. I clearly understood thank u so much
beautifully explained thank u.
Excellent video, definitely the best of all the ones I watched so far. However, I don't understand why you say that the conduction band is the NEXT band, but then show it's the same band as the valence band. In the next example it's different.
Great video, but why are there different 'levels' to the conduction and valency bands? I'm looking at an example with 3 levels in both conduction and valency bands
It has to do with the difference in behavior between an individual atom (like in a gas state) and a crystal, where the atoms are interacting. In an individual atom energy levels are discrete. In a crystal there are many more levels. The many levels form a “band”. The band is not a physical space, it is what you see in a diagram, a collection of many possible energy levels.
The problem with explaining things at this level, you need somewhat simplistic models of reality to get your point across. These models are a representation of reality, not reality itself. The representation of an atom as a kind of mini solar system is also just a model that helps explaining the properties of the atom. In that model, the shells don’t represent an real trajectory of electrons, but they symbolize the discrete energy levels the electrons can have inside the atom.
Great explanation and effort, thank you so much sir
Simply superb
Thank you sooo much! That's really helpful
amazing, very well explained!!!
When electron are in the conduction band, they are still part of the atom they came from? What if it gets more and more energy, can they jump to some "next band"?
the conduction band in a semiconductor means that they can "conduct" which is to move freely among atoms, so they are no longer associated with their home atom.
great video thank u so much for making me understand
Glad it helped!
Thanks very much for excellent explanation❤
wow very well explained!
Thank you very much.
Easy to grasp explaination!
Can u please tell me which application software u have used in this video?
Thanks
I use Prometheus Inspire and then edit with adobe premiere
Thank you very much
Best explained 👌👌👌👌🤟🤟🤟🤟🤘✌️🤘👇