In this video we recap chromosomes and then explain what DNA is, what genes and the genome are, and how we can use them to track the migrations of early humans.
If you’d like to practise the material covered in this video, check out our platform at www.cognitoedu.org - it's totally free, and has been built to make learning and revision easy as possible. The main features are: - Lessons organised by topic, only the lessons relevant to your specific exam board and tier are shown. - Automatic progress tracking. Progress bars tell you at a glance what you’re doing well at, and what you need to spend some time on. - Practise quizzes so you can test your knowledge. You can quiz yourself on any combination of topics you like. - A huge number of fully-hinted questions that take you step-by-step through some of the trickiest calculations & concepts. - A comprehensive bank of past exam papers, organised both by year, and also by topic. Amadeus & Tom
Have my GCEs in a month and there's nothing worse than starting on past papers and realizing you know nothing so I'm immensely grateful for this video. Gonna come back with an A* hopefully all because of you TYSM 😭
every time I have these massive panics about my science term papers ur videos just appear like a savior. I actually understood smth thank you so much. I'll be back with an A+ for bio
Thank you for explaining that most chromosome drawings are confusing as they show a cell undergoing mitosis and not in its normal state. Why do they do this, I have spent hours going around in circles as each chromosome seemed to contain 4 DNA strands when they don't normally.
thank you for this video, i can now understand topic 6 now, i just now need to go over all of it now. But could i ask a question? So lets say my hand for example, made up of a bunch of skin cells, which all have a nucleus and DNA for protein synthesis. So one skin cell in my body is programmed to create specific chain of amino acids to make a protein, now will my all my skin cells on my hand produce different chains of amino acids or would they all produce the same exact chain of amino acids? or will they produce different amino acids every different cell?
Thanks Adham! Basically, all of your skin cells will produce a similar set of proteins. So there will be some proteins that all of them make (by coding for the exact same sequence of amino acids), and other proteins that only some of them make, depending on what type of skin cell they are (you don't need to know about the different types). When they produce the same protein they will use the same amino acid sequence to do it. Hope that helps :)
3:08 Question: are red blood cells red blood cells because they produce the protein hemoglobin? Or do red blood cells produce hemoglobin? Any help appreciated!🙏
Oooh at 2:11 it makes so much more sense . Thank u this is very helpful. I had a question , so I understand the part where the gene codes for a specific amino acid sequence to make a protein , which determines what the cell type is , but how do genes and dna determine inherited characteristics like eye colour , and like how does it work ? So suppose a muscle cell in the leg , will it have a gene to code for eye colour?
It'll be random and depends on the alleles you inherit from your parents. You can find out the likelihood of inheriting a particular characteristic using a Punnett square.
And the muscle cell wouldn't have Gene's to control the eye, all our inherited characteristics would already have been determined whilst we were developing in the womb. I wasn't too sure on how to answer your question so sorry if it doesn't make too much sense.
hi love the video. I still have a question though. Its kind of stupid I guess but I would be really grateful if you could help. Is chromosome part of a DNA or does DNA make up a chromosome? What I understood from the video is that DNA is divided into 46 sections called chromosomes but on google it says 'each chromosome is made up of dna'.
Hey, I'm not cognito nor a teacher but oh well...Chromosomes are made of DNA and all the genetic information of one's body is distributed among these chromosomes
When you explained genomes in your concluding part, you mentioned: "...when humans left Africa". Can you please elaborate on that and how it relates to the topic. Thank you.
Its refering to the human genome project you need to know three things: •one of those things is that human migrated from Africa thousands of years ago and that can be shown through DNA (so we can track the migration of our ansestors and understand them better through there movement but i think the explaination to why is beyond GCSE so wouldnt concern us much unless we're interested but he does explain this in the video) •different diseases caused by genes (inhertited disorders like polydactyly or cystic fiberosis) •and how we can treat these inherited disorder
@@aoy1889 the sex’s r male and female ( plus intersex tho that’s quite rare ), but genders r what ur talking abt like being trans or non-binary. It’s just the word gender became synonymous with the word sex even though the two mean different things. Gender meaning how we express ourselves and sex meaning our biological parts ect
@@aoy1889 both a gender and a sex, you can have the biological sex of a women while still not identifying as one, or you can be a biological male and still identify as a women. Plain and simple a women is anyone who identifies as a women.
INTERESTING LESSON.CHROMOSOMES ARE ALSO A PART OF DNA,WHICH IS LONG LIKE A THRAD.GENES ARE THE ONES WHICH GIVES OUR FEATURES.THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT WE INHERIT FROM OUR PARENTS ARE FEATURED BY OUR GENES.YOUR HAIR COLOUR,RACE,EYE COLOUR AND GENETIC DISEASES ARE INHERITED FROM YOUR PARENTS THRUOGH THE GENES.DNA CONTAINS MANY PROTEINS.
If you’d like to practise the material covered in this video, check out our platform at www.cognitoedu.org - it's totally free, and has been built to make learning and revision easy as possible. The main features are:
- Lessons organised by topic, only the lessons relevant to your specific exam board and tier are shown.
- Automatic progress tracking. Progress bars tell you at a glance what you’re doing well at, and what you need to spend some time on.
- Practise quizzes so you can test your knowledge. You can quiz yourself on any combination of topics you like.
- A huge number of fully-hinted questions that take you step-by-step through some of the trickiest calculations & concepts.
- A comprehensive bank of past exam papers, organised both by year, and also by topic.
Amadeus & Tom
It’s really good! I look forward to the maths section soon. You are so underrated
thank you
not me the night before my biology exam trying to understand the whole semester
shit, I can relate)))
lol, similar
😭😭😭
Sameee 😭
Literally me
Have my GCEs in a month and there's nothing worse than starting on past papers and realizing you know nothing so I'm immensely grateful for this video. Gonna come back with an A* hopefully all because of you TYSM 😭
SAME WE GOT THIS!!!! GOOD LUCK FOR YOUR PAPERS
@@roshini.-.6384 GOOD LUCKKK, MINE IS ON TUESDAY BUT WHENEVER YOURS IS, SLAY IT
@@areebabilal1481 WAAAAAAAAA MINE IS ALSO ON TUESDAY GOOD LUCK DUDE. SLAY IT DHBWEUFJF
@@roshini.-.6384 OMG HOW WAS YOURSSS
@@areebabilal1481 I DIED WITH LIKE THE AUXIN QUESTION BUT OTHER THAN THAT I WAS OK???? WBU?
God bless all the team members in Cognito you guys are a blessing to many
nothing is better than studying biology that isn't even in ur syllabus at 12:45 am when u have school the next day.
You are literally a life saver!!!!! THANK YOU SO VERY MUCH for doing all of this! A huge help honestly!
every time I have these massive panics about my science term papers ur videos just appear like a savior. I actually understood smth thank you so much. I'll be back with an A+ for bio
Thanks Minyong, we wish you all the luck 🤞
@@Cognitoedu I got a 100%, and I Was the only one to get it in the class:) u totally deserve all the credit,,, tysm again!
@@user-dh7mq3mq8i Well done!
I never really understood DNA but this really helped, thank you
not to sound nity picky but 3:38 misspelling of stranger as "strager" it caught me of guard and made burst into laughter.
Oops!
you nity picky
Not to sound nity picky but your misspelling of "off as "of" caught me off guard and made me laugh.
no cuz this actually made sm sense i was really confused abt this at first now i understand sm better thanks
Really well explained, thank you
Thanks Lucy, really good to hear it helped :)
salome
@@Cognitoedu salome
Thank you for explaining that most chromosome drawings are confusing as they show a cell undergoing mitosis and not in its normal state. Why do they do this, I have spent hours going around in circles as each chromosome seemed to contain 4 DNA strands when they don't normally.
Back again to say thank you for these wonderful videos❤️
THANK YOU 😊
Thank you for the lucid explanation :)
I’m watching ur videos (chem,physics,bio) one day before my science exam lol
This video is very informative. I have a PPE coming up and this has greatly helped me understand the subject. Thanks
Glad we could help DF!!
Your videos are the best
The fact that I’ve been getting A*’s in biology because of Cognito videos is insane 😭🙏🏽
This was really helpful since i had an exam about DNA and RNA and chromosomes
thank you for this video, i can now understand topic 6 now, i just now need to go over all of it now.
But could i ask a question?
So lets say my hand for example, made up of a bunch of skin cells, which all have a nucleus and DNA for protein synthesis. So one skin cell in my body is programmed to create specific chain of amino acids to make a protein, now will my all my skin cells on my hand produce different chains of amino acids or would they all produce the same exact chain of amino acids? or will they produce different amino acids every different cell?
Thanks Adham! Basically, all of your skin cells will produce a similar set of proteins. So there will be some proteins that all of them make (by coding for the exact same sequence of amino acids), and other proteins that only some of them make, depending on what type of skin cell they are (you don't need to know about the different types).
When they produce the same protein they will use the same amino acid sequence to do it.
Hope that helps :)
@@Cognitoedu It did, thank you!
Thank you so much it really helped..anyone can understand it easily...great🤘❤🤘❤🤘❤😊
3:08 Question: are red blood cells red blood cells because they produce the protein hemoglobin? Or do red blood cells produce hemoglobin? Any help appreciated!🙏
Hemoglobin is an important component which help our red blood cells transport oxygen. If I don't misunderstood. c:
Iron in our blood together with hemoglobin make the blood red. Also the oxygen contributes to its colour
good video
hey mommy
yes
Simple and Excellent !
This was very helpful
4:02 u spelt strangers wrong. But great video.
Oooh at 2:11 it makes so much more sense . Thank u this is very helpful. I had a question , so I understand the part where the gene codes for a specific amino acid sequence to make a protein , which determines what the cell type is , but how do genes and dna determine inherited characteristics like eye colour , and like how does it work ? So suppose a muscle cell in the leg , will it have a gene to code for eye colour?
It'll be random and depends on the alleles you inherit from your parents. You can find out the likelihood of inheriting a particular characteristic using a Punnett square.
And the muscle cell wouldn't have Gene's to control the eye, all our inherited characteristics would already have been determined whilst we were developing in the womb.
I wasn't too sure on how to answer your question so sorry if it doesn't make too much sense.
Thanks to u
hi love the video. I still have a question though. Its kind of stupid I guess but I would be really grateful if you could help. Is chromosome part of a DNA or does DNA make up a chromosome? What I understood from the video is that DNA is divided into 46 sections called chromosomes but on google it says 'each chromosome is made up of dna'.
Hey, I'm not cognito nor a teacher but oh well...Chromosomes are made of DNA and all the genetic information of one's body is distributed among these chromosomes
thank you so much
I think at 3:38, the word stranger's is spelt wrong.
tysm everytihng looked hard after watching i understand everything
Soooo helpful... Thanks a lot ❤️
Mucho gracias
I think more country subtitles are needed because I really want to watch your videos but I'm not good at English 😭
Brilliant !!
thank you
❤❤❤❤❤
God bless
Can it be suitable for Cambridge o level?
Yes 🙂
3:38 spelling mistake on ' stranger's ' you put strager's, none the less a very informative video
@Benito Robertson lol
@Benito Robertson 😂😂
@Benito Robertson pahaha too good
Very good GCSE English analytical skills.
@Benito Robertson You didn't use a capital for ''spelling'', none the less, a very informative reply.
i love your videos and everything but you speak to fast in them and not explained well but other than that your videos are 100% AMAZING!!
thanks boss
ipone
4:02 secs strager's hehehe
Typo at 3:37, Strager's > Stranger's* 😅
seing this for my essay in uni 😶
thankyou for this! however, you spelt stranger wrong, not wanted to come off rude or anything :))
*wanting
Aha thanks for the notice 😎 - I’ve made a note for when this gets redrawn! Cheers, Tom
biology gcse paper 1 literally tomorrow and i'm trying desperately to understand 😭😭😭
Omdddd literallyyyyy😭😭😭😭😢😢😢
Mine tmr and same
Good luck...
Thankz it really helped👌👌
Legends come one night before the exam
👏👏👏
When you explained genomes in your concluding part, you mentioned: "...when humans left Africa". Can you please elaborate on that and how it relates to the topic. Thank you.
Its refering to the human genome project you need to know three things:
•one of those things is that human migrated from Africa thousands of years ago and that can be shown through DNA (so we can track the migration of our ansestors and understand them better through there movement but i think the explaination to why is beyond GCSE so wouldnt concern us much unless we're interested but he does explain this in the video)
•different diseases caused by genes (inhertited disorders like polydactyly or cystic fiberosis)
•and how we can treat these inherited disorder
@@rabbitman8535 oh I see, thank you for your time and explanation.👍🏾
@@ceceish8295 my mans tried to pull the racism card lol
nice
how do you make your videos?
arigato gouzimas
I hit subscribe and like it because I am so thankful for your video.
You spelt stranger wrong
gcse remote learning anyone?
3:40 you spelt stranger's wrong 😁
1:07 he only did 38 different sections lol
What if more than 23
At 1:02 he says they separate into 46..... But only shows 38.
Yes i counted. Im upset now 😕
Keep up the videos. They are mad
lol, even i counted after reading this comment
@@mariyamajaz congratulations we are as bored as eachother 😂
@@wasifkhan6236 lmao, ikr
@@mariyamajaz yh u might be a bit more bored thou considering u were watching that vid at 9 o clock on the first saturday of ur holidays
@@wasifkhan6236 lol, ngl am not BORED, cuz I have some frickin exams coming up..
I also have quizzes and test every now and then...
u should apply some backround music.
Why do individual chromosomes look like sycamore tree seeds?
My exam is literally tomorrow
i can already feel ppl getting pressed in the comments cuz he didnt mention the 'other 60 (and counting) genders'
gender is not the same as sex, he’s talking abt ur sex
@@marshroom_ wdym lmao
@@aoy1889 the sex’s r male and female ( plus intersex tho that’s quite rare ), but genders r what ur talking abt like being trans or non-binary. It’s just the word gender became synonymous with the word sex even though the two mean different things. Gender meaning how we express ourselves and sex meaning our biological parts ect
@@marshroom_ so whats a woman
@@aoy1889 both a gender and a sex, you can have the biological sex of a women while still not identifying as one, or you can be a biological male and still identify as a women. Plain and simple a women is anyone who identifies as a women.
algorithm
am i the only one who counted all the chromosomes when they split up at 1:04
Hola
My EXAM IS TOMORROW
My exam will start in 3 hours.
INTERESTING LESSON.CHROMOSOMES ARE ALSO A PART OF DNA,WHICH IS LONG LIKE A THRAD.GENES ARE THE ONES WHICH GIVES OUR FEATURES.THE CHARACTERISTICS THAT WE INHERIT FROM OUR PARENTS ARE FEATURED BY OUR GENES.YOUR HAIR COLOUR,RACE,EYE COLOUR AND GENETIC DISEASES ARE INHERITED FROM YOUR PARENTS THRUOGH THE GENES.DNA CONTAINS MANY PROTEINS.
Done
aha
🥀🥀🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪🤪
How can an athiest do not believe in god,the DNA is litteraly a sign
nahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh
1:56 Can't be saying that in 2023