Part 2 Structure of the kidney

Part 2 Structure of the kidney #Nephron #excretory system #class10 #class8 #icse #cbse #ncert #biology #youtube #learning is fun
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs that filter blood to produce urine. They are made up of several parts, including the renal capsule, cortex, medulla, renal papilla, renal pelvis, and renal vein.
Parts of the kidney
Renal capsule: A fibrous outer layer that protects the kidneys and connects them to surrounding tissues
Renal cortex: The outer layer of the kidney that contains glomeruli, which are blood-filtering units
Renal medulla: The inner layer of the kidney that contains most of the nephrons
Renal papilla: Pyramid-shaped structures that transfer urine to the ureters
Renal pelvis: A funnel-shaped structure that collects urine and passes it to the ureters
Renal vein: The main blood vessel that carries filtered blood out of the kidneys and back to the heart
Nephrons
Tiny filtering machines that work to remove waste and excess fluids from the blood
Each kidney has about one million nephrons
The nephrons are made up of a glomerulus and a renal tubule
Urine flow
Urine flows from the renal papilla into the calyces, then to the renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder.
The nephron is a microscopic structure in the kidney that filters blood and converts it into urine. It's made up of a glomerulus and a tubule system.
Glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries in the renal corpuscle
Filters blood into the nephron tubule
Tubular system
A complex system of tubes that includes the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), and collecting duct
The tubule system reabsorbs water and other substances from the filtrate, and secretes other substances into it
Types of nephrons
Superficial nephrons: Have short loops of Henle and glomeruli near the cortical surface
Juxtamedullary nephrons: Have long loops of Henle that descend deep into the renal medulla
Cortical nephrons: Have short loops of Henle and are mostly located in the renal cortex
Function of the nephron
Filters blood to remove waste products
Reabsorbs water and other substances from the filtrate
Secretes substances into the filtrate
Maintains the pH and sodium-potassium levels in the blood